Loyalis (Revolusi Amerika): Perbedaan antara revisi
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* [http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/pm.php?id=story_line&lg=English&fl=0&ex=00000170&sl=2490&pos=1 The Loyalist Link: The Forest and The Sea - Port Roseway Loyalists] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121205231248/http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/pm.php?id=story_line&lg=English&fl=0&ex=00000170&sl=2490&pos=1 |date=2012-12-05 }} |
* [http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/pm.php?id=story_line&lg=English&fl=0&ex=00000170&sl=2490&pos=1 The Loyalist Link: The Forest and The Sea - Port Roseway Loyalists] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121205231248/http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/pm.php?id=story_line&lg=English&fl=0&ex=00000170&sl=2490&pos=1 |date=2012-12-05 }} |
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* [http://www.history.army.mil/reference/revbib/loyalp.htm Bibliography of the Loyalist Participation in the American Revolution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608052723/http://www.history.army.mil/reference/revbib/loyalp.htm |date=2010-06-08 }} compiled by the [[United States Army Center of Military History]] |
* [http://www.history.army.mil/reference/revbib/loyalp.htm Bibliography of the Loyalist Participation in the American Revolution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608052723/http://www.history.army.mil/reference/revbib/loyalp.htm |date=2010-06-08 }} compiled by the [[United States Army Center of Military History]] |
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Revisi terkini sejak 9 Februari 2023 02.05
Loyalis adalah para kolonis Amerika yang masih setia kepada Kerajaan Britania Raya (dan raja Britania) selama Perang Revolusi Amerika. Mereka sering disebut Tories, Royalists, atau King's Men oleh Patriot, yaitu orang-orang yang mendukung revolusi. Jika Loyalis dikalahkan, sekitar 20% dari mereka mengungsi atau didorong mundur keluar dari AS agar mendirikan permukiman di wilayah Imperium Britania, di Britania Raya atau Amerika Utara Britania, khususnya East Ontario dan New Brunswick, tempat mereka disebut United Empire Loyalists; sejumlah lainnya ke Hindia Barat Britania, terutama Kepulauan Bahama. Loyalis Hitam membentuk masyarakat Loyalis tetapi ditebus sesuai prosedur klaim Britania.[1]
Sejarawan memperkirakan bahwa antara 15 dan 20 persen penduduk berkulit putih di koloni-koloni tersebut adalah Loyalis.[2]
Catatan kaki
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Warga Amerika berjanji dalam traktat perdamaian untuk merekomendasikan bahwa negara bagian mengganti kerugian finansial Loyalis, sayangnya hal ini jarang dilakukan. Loyalis terusir menerima ₤3 juta atau sekitar 37% dari kekalahan mereka dari Britania. Beberapa Loyalis yang menetap di AS mampu mendapatkan kembali properti mereka. Jack P. Greene and J. R. Pole, eds, A Companion to the American Revolution (2004) pp. 246, 399, 641-2
- ^ Calhoon, "Loyalism and neutrality" p. 235. Historian Robert Middlekauff memperkirakan bahwa sekitar 500.000 kolonis, atau 19 persen dari populasi total masih setia kepada Britania. Middlekauff (2005) pp. 563-564
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- "Who were the Loyalists" by Ann Mackenzie (5-page, in pdf format)
- "Black Loyalists: Our History, Our People"
- "Remembering Black Loyalists, Black Communities in Nova Scotia" Diarsipkan 2007-07-18 di Wayback Machine.
- American Loyalists
- Maryland Diarsipkan 2005-12-16 di Wayback Machine.
- South Carolina
- Virginia Diarsipkan 2005-12-24 di Wayback Machine.
- The On-Line Institute for Advanced Loyalist Studies
- Loyalist Page - Cyndi's List
- Why Were Some of Our Ancestors Tories?
- James Chalmers and "Plain Truth" (A Loyalist Answers Thomas Paine)
- Haldimand Collection The main source for historians in the study of the settlement of the American Loyalists in Canada. More than 20 thousand letters and documents, now fully indexed, and free on the Web.
- Benjamin Franklin to Baron Francis Maseres, June 26, 1785 Diarsipkan 2008-10-13 di Wayback Machine. (Opinion of Benjamin Franklin on persons who called themselves "Loyalists", whom he judged better called "Royalists")
- The Loyalist Link: The Forest and The Sea - Port Roseway Loyalists Diarsipkan 2012-12-05 di Archive.is
- Bibliography of the Loyalist Participation in the American Revolution Diarsipkan 2010-06-08 di Wayback Machine. compiled by the United States Army Center of Military History
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