Loyalis (Revolusi Amerika): Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi terkini sejak 9 Februari 2023 02.05

Loyalis adalah para kolonis Amerika yang masih setia kepada Kerajaan Britania Raya (dan raja Britania) selama Perang Revolusi Amerika. Mereka sering disebut Tories, Royalists, atau King's Men oleh Patriot, yaitu orang-orang yang mendukung revolusi. Jika Loyalis dikalahkan, sekitar 20% dari mereka mengungsi atau didorong mundur keluar dari AS agar mendirikan permukiman di wilayah Imperium Britania, di Britania Raya atau Amerika Utara Britania, khususnya East Ontario dan New Brunswick, tempat mereka disebut United Empire Loyalists; sejumlah lainnya ke Hindia Barat Britania, terutama Kepulauan Bahama. Loyalis Hitam membentuk masyarakat Loyalis tetapi ditebus sesuai prosedur klaim Britania.^[1]

Sejarawan memperkirakan bahwa antara 15 dan 20 persen penduduk berkulit putih di koloni-koloni tersebut adalah Loyalis.^[2]

Catatan kaki

^ Warga Amerika berjanji dalam traktat perdamaian untuk merekomendasikan bahwa negara bagian mengganti kerugian finansial Loyalis, sayangnya hal ini jarang dilakukan. Loyalis terusir menerima ₤3 juta atau sekitar 37% dari kekalahan mereka dari Britania. Beberapa Loyalis yang menetap di AS mampu mendapatkan kembali properti mereka. Jack P. Greene and J. R. Pole, eds, A Companion to the American Revolution (2004) pp. 246, 399, 641-2
^ Calhoon, "Loyalism and neutrality" p. 235. Historian Robert Middlekauff memperkirakan bahwa sekitar 500.000 kolonis, atau 19 persen dari populasi total masih setia kepada Britania. Middlekauff (2005) pp. 563-564

Pranala luar

"Who were the Loyalists" by Ann Mackenzie (5-page, in pdf format)
"Black Loyalists: Our History, Our People"
"Remembering Black Loyalists, Black Communities in Nova Scotia" Diarsipkan 2007-07-18 di Wayback Machine.
American Loyalists
Maryland Diarsipkan 2005-12-16 di Wayback Machine.
South Carolina
Virginia Diarsipkan 2005-12-24 di Wayback Machine.
The On-Line Institute for Advanced Loyalist Studies
Loyalist Page - Cyndi's List
Why Were Some of Our Ancestors Tories?
James Chalmers and "Plain Truth" (A Loyalist Answers Thomas Paine)
Haldimand Collection The main source for historians in the study of the settlement of the American Loyalists in Canada. More than 20 thousand letters and documents, now fully indexed, and free on the Web.
Benjamin Franklin to Baron Francis Maseres, June 26, 1785 Diarsipkan 2008-10-13 di Wayback Machine. (Opinion of Benjamin Franklin on persons who called themselves "Loyalists", whom he judged better called "Royalists")
The Loyalist Link: The Forest and The Sea - Port Roseway Loyalists Diarsipkan 2012-12-05 di Archive.is
Bibliography of the Loyalist Participation in the American Revolution Diarsipkan 2010-06-08 di Wayback Machine. compiled by the United States Army Center of Military History

Artikel bertopik sejarah ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[1] Warga Amerika berjanji dalam traktat perdamaian untuk merekomendasikan bahwa negara bagian mengganti kerugian finansial Loyalis, sayangnya hal ini jarang dilakukan. Loyalis terusir menerima ₤3 juta atau sekitar 37% dari kekalahan mereka dari Britania. Beberapa Loyalis yang menetap di AS mampu mendapatkan kembali properti mereka. Jack P. Greene and J. R. Pole, eds, A Companion to the American Revolution (2004) pp. 246, 399, 641-2

[2] Calhoon, "Loyalism and neutrality" p. 235. Historian Robert Middlekauff memperkirakan bahwa sekitar 500.000 kolonis, atau 19 persen dari populasi total masih setia kepada Britania. Middlekauff (2005) pp. 563-564

[1]

[2]

@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
-[[Berkas:Reception of the American Loyalists.jpg|thumb|300px|right|[[Britannia]] menawarkan pengampunan dan janji kompensasi untuk Loyalis terusir kelahiran Amerika. (Reception of the American Loyalists by Great Britain in the Year 1783. Engraving by H. Moses after [[Benjamin West]].)]]
+[[Berkas:Reception of the American Loyalists.jpg|jmpl|300px|ka|[[Britannia]] menawarkan pengampunan dan janji kompensasi untuk Loyalis terusir kelahiran Amerika. (Reception of the American Loyalists by Great Britain in the Year 1783. Engraving by H. Moses after [[Benjamin West]].)]]
 '''Loyalis''' adalah para [[Tiga Belas Koloni|kolonis Amerika]] yang masih setia kepada [[Kerajaan Britania Raya]] (dan [[Raja Britania Raya|raja Britania]]) selama [[Perang Revolusi Amerika]]. Mereka sering disebut '''[[Tory|Tories]]''', '''[[Royalis]]ts''', atau '''King's Men''' oleh [[Patriot (Revolusi Amerika)|Patriot]], yaitu orang-orang yang mendukung revolusi. Jika Loyalis dikalahkan, sekitar 20% dari mereka mengungsi atau didorong mundur keluar dari AS agar mendirikan permukiman di wilayah [[Imperium Britania]], di [[Britania Raya]] atau [[Amerika Utara Britania]], khususnya [[East Ontario]] dan [[New Brunswick]], tempat mereka disebut [[United Empire Loyalists]]; sejumlah lainnya ke [[Hindia Barat Britania]], terutama Kepulauan [[Bahama]]. [[Loyalis Hitam]] membentuk masyarakat Loyalis tetapi ditebus sesuai prosedur klaim Britania.<ref>Warga Amerika berjanji dalam traktat perdamaian untuk merekomendasikan bahwa negara bagian mengganti kerugian finansial Loyalis, sayangnya hal ini jarang dilakukan. Loyalis terusir menerima ₤3 juta atau sekitar 37% dari kekalahan mereka dari Britania. Beberapa Loyalis yang menetap di AS mampu mendapatkan kembali properti mereka. Jack P. Greene and J. R. Pole, eds, ''A Companion to the American Revolution'' (2004) pp. 246, 399, 641-2</ref>
@@ Baris 8: / Baris 8: @@
 == Pranala luar ==
-* [http://www.uelac.org/PDF/loyalist.pdf  "Who were the Loyalists" by Ann Mackenzie] (5-page, in [[Portable Document Format|pdf]] format)
+* [http://www.uelac.org/PDF/loyalist.pdf "Who were the Loyalists" by Ann Mackenzie] (5-page, in [[Portable Document Format|pdf]] format)
 * [http://collections.ic.gc.ca/blackloyalists/wireframe.htm "Black Loyalists: Our History, Our People"]
-* [http://museum.gov.ns.ca/blackloyalists/index.htm "Remembering Black Loyalists, Black Communities in Nova Scotia"]
+* [http://museum.gov.ns.ca/blackloyalists/index.htm "Remembering Black Loyalists, Black Communities in Nova Scotia"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070718101519/http://museum.gov.ns.ca/BlackLoyalists/index.htm |date=2007-07-18 }}
 * [http://www.redcoat.me.uk/index.htm American Loyalists]
-* [http://users.erols.com/candidus/overview.htm Maryland]
+* [http://users.erols.com/candidus/overview.htm Maryland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051216034236/http://users.erols.com/candidus/overview.htm |date=2005-12-16 }}
 * [http://sc_tories.tripod.com/rebels.htm South Carolina]
-* [http://www.ls.net/~newriver/va/varevtoc.htm Virginia]
+* [http://www.ls.net/~newriver/va/varevtoc.htm Virginia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051224091454/http://www.ls.net/~newriver/va/varevtoc.htm |date=2005-12-24 }}
 * [http://www.royalprovincial.com The On-Line Institute for Advanced Loyalist Studies]
 * [http://www.cyndislist.com/loyalist.htm Loyalist Page - Cyndi's List]
@@ Baris 20: / Baris 20: @@
 * [http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/fall96/loyalists.html James Chalmers and "Plain Truth" (A Loyalist Answers Thomas Paine)]
 * [http://www.haldimand-collection.ca Haldimand Collection] The main source for historians in the study of the settlement of the American Loyalists in Canada. More than 20 thousand letters and documents, now fully indexed, and free on the Web.
-* [http://franklinpapers.org/franklin/yale?vol=43&page=246&rqs=230&rqs=283&rqs=674&rqs=687 Benjamin Franklin to Baron Francis Maseres, June 26, 1785] (Opinion of [[Benjamin Franklin]] on persons who called themselves "Loyalists", whom he judged better called "Royalists")
+* [http://franklinpapers.org/franklin/yale?vol=43&page=246&rqs=230&rqs=283&rqs=674&rqs=687 Benjamin Franklin to Baron Francis Maseres, June 26, 1785] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013170947/http://franklinpapers.org/franklin/yale?vol=43&page=246&rqs=230&rqs=283&rqs=674&rqs=687 |date=2008-10-13 }} (Opinion of [[Benjamin Franklin]] on persons who called themselves "Loyalists", whom he judged better called "Royalists")
-* [http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/pm.php?id=story_line&lg=English&fl=0&ex=00000170&sl=2490&pos=1 The Loyalist Link: The Forest and The Sea - Port Roseway Loyalists]
+* [http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/pm.php?id=story_line&lg=English&fl=0&ex=00000170&sl=2490&pos=1 The Loyalist Link: The Forest and The Sea - Port Roseway Loyalists] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121205231248/http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/pm.php?id=story_line&lg=English&fl=0&ex=00000170&sl=2490&pos=1 |date=2012-12-05 }}
-* [http://www.history.army.mil/reference/revbib/loyalp.htm Bibliography of the Loyalist Participation in the American Revolution] compiled by the [[United States Army Center of Military History]]
+* [http://www.history.army.mil/reference/revbib/loyalp.htm Bibliography of the Loyalist Participation in the American Revolution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608052723/http://www.history.army.mil/reference/revbib/loyalp.htm |date=2010-06-08 }} compiled by the [[United States Army Center of Military History]]
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 [[Kategori:Revolusi Amerika Serikat]]
 [[Kategori:Perang Revolusi Amerika Serikat]]
-[[ar:موالي (ثورة أمريكية)]]
+{{sejarah-stub}}
-[[ca:Loyalist]]
-[[cs:Loyalisté (Americká revoluce)]]
-[[da:Loyalist (amerikanske revolution)]]
-[[de:Loyalisten]]
-[[en:Loyalist (American Revolution)]]
-[[es:Lealista (Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos)]]
-[[fa:وفادارماندگان]]
-[[fi:Lojalisti (Amerikan vallankumous)]]
-[[fr:Loyalistes (Révolution américaine)]]
-[[hr:Lojalisti (Američka revolucija)]]
-[[it:Lealisti (rivoluzione americana)]]
-[[ja:ロイヤリスト]]
-[[no:Lojalister (amerikanske revolusjon)]]
-[[pl:Lojaliści (rewolucja amerykańska)]]
-[[ru:Лоялисты]]
-[[sh:Lojalisti (Američka revolucija)]]
-[[simple:Loyalist (American Revolution)]]
-[[sk:Lojalisti (Americká revolúcia)]]