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Templat:Kotak info torium: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Baris 3: Baris 3:
|symbol=Th
|symbol=Th
|name=torium
|name=torium
|pronounce=
|pronounce={{IPAc-en|ˈ|θ|ɔər|i|əm}}<br />{{respell|THOHR|ee-əm}}
|left=[[aktinium]]
|left=[[aktinium]]
|right=[[protaktinium]]
|right=[[protaktinium]]
|above=[[serium|Ce]]
|above=[[Serium|Ce]]
|below=(Uqn)
|below=(Uqq)
|series= aktinida
|series= aktinida
|period=7
|period=7
|block=f
|block=f
|appearance= keperakan
|appearance= keperakan, seringkali dengan noda hitam
|image name=Thorium sample 0.1g.jpg
|image name=Thorium sample 0.1g.jpg
|image name comment=Sampel torium di dalam ampul yang berisi gas argon
|atomic mass= 232.0381
|image name 2=Thorium spectrum visible.png
|image name 2 comment=Garis spektrum torium
|standard atomic weight ref={{CIAAW2016}}
|electron configuration= &#91;[[radon|Rn]]&#93; 6d<sup>2</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup>
|electron configuration= &#91;[[radon|Rn]]&#93; 6d<sup>2</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup>
|electrons per shell= 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
|electrons per shell= 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
|phase= solid
|phase= padat
|density gpcm3nrt= 11.7
|density gpcm3nrt= 11,7
|melting point K=2115
|melting point K=2115
|melting point C=1842
|melting point C=1842
Baris 24: Baris 27:
|boiling point C=4788
|boiling point C=4788
|boiling point F=8650
|boiling point F=8650
|heat fusion= 13.81
|heat fusion= 13,81
|heat vaporization= 514
|heat vaporization= 514
|heat capacity= 26.230
|heat capacity= 26,230
|vapor pressure 1= 2633
|vapor pressure 1= 2633
|vapor pressure 10= 2907
|vapor pressure 10= 2907
Baris 35: Baris 38:
|vapor pressure comment=
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure= face-centered cubic
|crystal structure= face-centered cubic
|electronegativity= 1,3
| oxidation states = '''4''', 3, 2, 1<br />
(oksida [[basa]] lemah)
|electronegativity= 1.3
|number of ionization energies=3
|number of ionization energies=3
|1st ionization energy= 587
|ionization energy 1=587
|2nd ionization energy= 1110
|ionization energy 2=1110
|3rd ionization energy= 1930
|ionization energy 3=1930
|atomic radius= 179
|atomic radius= 179,8
|covalent radius= 206±6
|covalent radius= 206±6
|magnetic ordering= [[Paramagnetisme|paramagnetik]]
|magnetic ordering= [[paramagnetik]]<ref name=magnet>[http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds], in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press. </ref>
|magnetic ordering ref=<ref name=magnet>{{cite book |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf|chapter=Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds| editor-last = Lide |editor-first=D. R. | title = CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition = 86 | publisher = CRC Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-0-8493-0486-6 | pages = 4-135 }}</ref>
|electrical resistivity at 0= 147 n
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
|thermal conductivity= 54.0
|electrical resistivity at 0=157
|thermal expansion at 25= 11.0
|thermal conductivity=54,0
|speed of sound rod at 20= 2490
|thermal expansion at 25=11,0
|Young's modulus= 79
|speed of sound rod at 20=2490
|Shear modulus= 31
|magnetic susceptibility= {{val|132.0|e=−6}}
|Bulk modulus= 54
|magnetic susceptibility ref=&#x20;(293&nbsp;K)<ref>{{Cite book|title=CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|last=Weast|first=R.|publisher=Chemical Rubber Company Publishing|year=1984|isbn=978-0-8493-0464-4|page=E110}}</ref>
|Poisson ratio= 0.27
|Young's modulus=79
|Mohs hardness= 3.0
|Shear modulus=31
|Vickers hardness= 350
|Bulk modulus=54
|Brinell hardness= 400
|Poisson ratio=0,27
|CAS number= 7440-29-1
|Mohs hardness=3,0
|Vickers hardness=295–685
|Brinell hardness=390–1500
|CAS number=7440-29-1
|naming=dari [[Thor]], dewa guntur Norse
|isotopes=
|isotopes=
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=228 | sym=Th
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=227 | sym=Th
| na=[[radioisotop sisa|sisa]] | hl=1.9116 [[years]]
|na=[[Radioisotop renik|renik]] | hl=18,68&nbsp;hri
| dm=[[peluruhan alfa|α]] | de=5.520 | pn=224 | ps=[[radium|Ra]]}}
|dm=[[Peluruhan alfa|α]] | de=6,038<br/>5,978 | link1=radium-223 | pn=223 | ps=Ra}}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=229 | sym=Th
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=228 | sym=Th
|na=renik | hl=1,9116&nbsp;thn
| na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=7340 [[years]]
| dm=[[peluruhan alfa|α]] | de=5.168 | pn=225 | ps=[[radium|Ra]]}}
|dm=α | de=5,520 | link1=radium-224 | pn=224 | ps=Ra}}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=230 | sym=Th
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=229 | sym=Th
|na=renik | hl=7917&nbsp;thn
| na=[[radioisotop sisa|sisa]] | hl=75380 [[years]]
| dm=[[peluruhan alfa|α]] | de=4.770 | pn=226 | ps=[[radium|Ra]]}}
|dm=α | de=5,168 | link1=radium-225 | pn=225 | ps=Ra}}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=231 | sym=Th
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=230 | sym=Th
| na=[[radioisotop sisa|sisa]] | hl=25.5 [[hour]]s
|na=0,02% | hl=75400 thn
| dm=[[peluruhan beta|β]] | de=0.39 | pn=231 | ps=[[Protactinium|Pa]]}}
|dm=α | de=4,770 | link1=radium-226 | pn=226 | ps=Ra}}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=[[Thorium-232|232]] | sym=Th
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=231 | sym=Th
| na=100% | hl=1.405&times;10<sup>10</sup> [[years]]
|na=renik | hl=25,5&nbsp;jam
| dm=[[peluruhan alfa|α]] | de=4.083 | pn=228 | ps=[[radium|Ra]]}}
|dm=[[Peluruhan beta|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=0,39 | link1=protaktinium-231 | pn=231 | ps=Pa}}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=234 | sym=Th
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=232 | sym=Th
|na=99,98% | hl=1,405{{e|10}} thn
| na=[[radioisotop sisa|sisa]] | hl=24.1 [[days]]
| dm=[[peluruhan beta|β]] | de=0.27 | pn=234 | ps=[[Protactinium|Pa]]}}
|dm=α | de=4,083 | link1=radium-228 | pn=228 | ps=Ra}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=234 | sym=Th
|na=renik | hl=24,1&nbsp;hri
|dm=β<sup>−</sup> | de=0.27 | link1=protaktinium-234 | pn=234 | ps=Pa}}
|isotopes comment=
|isotopes comment=
|discovered by=[[Jöns Jakob Berzelius|Jöns J. Berzelius]]
}}<noinclude>[[Category:Templat kotak info tabel periodik|T]]
|discovery date=1829
|QID=Q1115
}}<noinclude>
{{Infobox element/element navigation|symbol=Th}}
[[Kategori:Templat kotak info tabel periodik|Torium]]
{{Template reference list}}
{{Template reference list}}
{{documentation|1=Template:Infobox element/doc}}






Revisi terkini sejak 17 Maret 2023 04.42

90Th
Torium
Sampel torium di dalam ampul yang berisi gas argon
Garis spektrum torium
Sifat umum
Pengucapan/torium/[1]
Penampilankeperakan, seringkali dengan noda hitam
Torium dalam tabel periodik
Perbesar gambar

90Th
Hidrogen Helium
Lithium Berilium Boron Karbon Nitrogen Oksigen Fluor Neon
Natrium Magnesium Aluminium Silikon Fosfor Sulfur Clor Argon
Potasium Kalsium Skandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Mangan Besi Cobalt Nikel Tembaga Seng Gallium Germanium Arsen Selen Bromin Kripton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Ce

Th

(Uqq)
aktiniumtoriumprotaktinium
Lihat bagan navigasi yang diperbesar
Nomor atom (Z)90
Golongangolongan n/a
Periodeperiode 7
Blokblok-f
Kategori unsur  aktinida
Berat atom standar (Ar)
  • 232,0377±0,0004
  • 232,04±0,01 (diringkas)[2]
Konfigurasi elektron[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Elektron per kelopak2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
Sifat fisik
Fase pada STS (0 °C dan 101,325 kPa)padat
Titik lebur2115 K ​(1842 °C, ​3348 °F)
Titik didih5061 K ​(4788 °C, ​8650 °F)
Kepadatan mendekati s.k.11,7 g/cm3
Kalor peleburan13,81 kJ/mol
Kalor penguapan514 kJ/mol
Kapasitas kalor molar26,230 J/(mol·K)
Tekanan uap
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
pada T (K) 2633 2907 3248 3683 4259 5055
Sifat atom
Bilangan oksidasi+1, +2, +3, +4 (oksida basa lemah)
ElektronegativitasSkala Pauling: 1,3
Energi ionisasike-1: 587 kJ/mol
ke-2: 1110 kJ/mol
ke-3: 1930 kJ/mol
Jari-jari atomempiris: 179,8 pm
Jari-jari kovalen206±6 pm
Lain-lain
Kelimpahan alamiprimordial
Struktur kristalkubus berpusat muka (fcc)
Struktur kristal Face-centered cubic untuk torium
Kecepatan suara batang ringan2490 m/s (suhu 20 °C)
Ekspansi kalor11,0 µm/(m·K) (suhu 25 °C)
Konduktivitas termal54,0 W/(m·K)
Resistivitas listrik157 nΩ·m (suhu 0 °C)
Arah magnetparamagnetik[3]
Suseptibilitas magnetik molar132,0×10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)[4]
Modulus Young79 GPa
Modulus Shear31 GPa
Modulus curah54 GPa
Rasio Poisson0,27
Skala Mohs3,0
Skala Vickers295–685 MPa
Skala Brinell390–1500 MPa
Nomor CAS7440-29-1
Sejarah
Penamaandari Thor, dewa guntur Norse
PenemuanJöns J. Berzelius (1829)
Isotop torium yang utama
Iso­top Kelim­pahan Waktu paruh (t1/2) Mode peluruhan Pro­duk
227Th renik 18,68 hri α 223Ra
228Th renik 1,9116 thn α 224Ra
229Th renik 7917 thn α 225Ra
230Th 0,02% 75400 thn α 226Ra
231Th renik 25,5 jam β 231Pa
232Th 99,98% 1,405×1010 thn α 228Ra
234Th renik 24,1 hri β 234Pa
| referensi | di Wikidata
<nama unsur>PT
 ←
 
→ H

Referensi

  1. ^ (Indonesia) "Torium". KBBI Daring. Diakses tanggal 17 Juli 2022. 
  2. ^ Meija, J.; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. 
  3. ^ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (edisi ke-86). CRC Press. hlm. 4–135. ISBN 978-0-8493-0486-6. 
  4. ^ Weast, R. (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. hlm. E110. ISBN 978-0-8493-0464-4.