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Kepresidenan dan provinsi di India Britania: Perbedaan antara revisi

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{{Periksa terjemahan|en|Presidencies and provinces of British India}}
{{Redirect|India Britania|sejarah Kekaisaran Britania di anak benua India|Kemaharajaan Britania|Masa kekuasaan [[Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania]] Inggris di India|Masa kekuasaan perusahaan di India|band Australia|British India (band)}}
{{Redirect|India Britania|sejarah Kekaisaran Britania di anak benua India|Kemaharajaan Britania|Masa kekuasaan [[Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania]] Inggris di India|Masa kekuasaan perusahaan di India|band Australia|British India (band)}}
{{Redirect|Provinsi di India|negara-negara bagian modern|Negara bagian dan teritorial di India}}
{{Redirect|Provinsi di India|negara-negara bagian modern|Negara bagian dan teritorial di India}}
{{Kolonial India}}
{{Kolonial India}}
[[Berkas:Fort William, Calcutta, 1735.jpg|ka|jmpl|250px|Sebuah [[mezotin]] yang menggambarkan Benteng William, [[Kolkata|Kalkuta]], ibukota [[Kepresidenan Bengal]] di India Britania pada 1735]]
[[Berkas:Fort William, Calcutta, 1735.jpg|ka|jmpl|250px|Sebuah [[mezotin]] yang menggambarkan Benteng William, [[Kolkata|Kalkuta]], ibu kota [[Kepresidenan Bengal]] di India Britania pada 1735]]
'''Provinsi di India''', yang sebelumnya '''Kepresidenan di India Britania''' dan sebelumnya lagi, '''Kota kepresidenan''' adalah divisi administratif kegubernuran Britania di anak benua tersebut. Dalam bentuk tersebut atau bentuk lainnya, mereka berdiri antara 1612 dan 1947, secara konvensional dibagi dalam tiga masa sejarah.
'''Provinsi di India''', yang sebelumnya '''Kepresidenan di India Britania''' dan sebelumnya lagi, '''Kota kepresidenan''' adalah divisi administratif kegubernuran Britania di anak benua tersebut. Dalam bentuk tersebut atau bentuk lainnya, mereka berdiri antara 1612 dan 1947, secara konvensional dibagi dalam tiga masa sejarah.


* Pada 1612–1757, [[Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania|Perusahaan Hindia Timur]] membentuk [[Pabrik (pos perdagangan)|"pabrik-pabrik" (pos perdagangan)]] di beberapa tempat, kebanyakan di pesisir India, dengan konsen para kaisar Moghul atau penguasa lokal. Saingannya adalah perusahaan dagang Benda dan Perancis. Pada pertengahan abad ke-18, tiga "kota kepresidenan": Madras, Bombay, dan Kalkuta diperluas.
* Pada 1612–1757, [[Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania|Perusahaan Hindia Timur]] membentuk [[Pabrik (pos perdagangan)|"pabrik-pabrik" (pos perdagangan)]] di beberapa tempat, kebanyakan di pesisir India, dengan konsen para kaisar Moghul atau penguasa lokal. Saingannya adalah perusahaan dagang Benda dan Prancis. Pada pertengahan abad ke-18, tiga "kota kepresidenan": Madras, Bombay, dan Kalkuta diperluas.
* Pada [[masa kekuasaan perusahaan di India]], 1757–1858, Perusahaan tersebut mengakuisisi kedahulatan di sebagian besar India, yang sekarang disebut "Kepresidenan".
* Pada [[masa kekuasaan perusahaan di India]], 1757–1858, Perusahaan tersebut mengakuisisi kedahulatan di sebagian besar India, yang sekarang disebut "Kepresidenan".
* Setelah [[Pemberontakan India 1857]], sisa-sisa kekuatan perusahaan tersebut dipindahkan ke Mahkota. Di [[Kemaharajaan Britania]] yang baru (1858–1947), kedaulatan dibagi dalam beberapa daerah yang baru, seperti [[Dataran Tinggi Burma]]. Namun, kepresidenan-kepresidenannya diturunkan menjadi "Provinsi".<ref>{{Harvnb|Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV|1908|p=5}} Quote: "The history of British India falls ... into three periods. From the beginning of the 17th to the middle of the 18th century, the East India Company is a trading corporation, existing on the sufferance of the native powers, and in rivalry with the merchant companies of Holland and France. During the next century the Company acquires and consolidates its dominion, shares its sovereignty in increasing proportions with the Crown, and gradually loses its mercantile privileges and functions. After the Mutiny of 1857, the remaining powers of the Company are transferred to the Crown ..." (p. 5)</ref>
* Setelah [[Pemberontakan India 1857]], sisa-sisa kekuatan perusahaan tersebut dipindahkan ke Mahkota. Di [[Kemaharajaan Britania]] yang baru (1858–1947), kedaulatan dibagi dalam beberapa daerah yang baru, seperti [[Dataran Tinggi Burma]]. Namun, kepresidenan-kepresidenannya diturunkan menjadi "Provinsi".<ref>{{Harvnb|Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV|1908|p=5}} Quote: "The history of British India falls ... into three periods. From the beginning of the 17th to the middle of the 18th century, the East India Company is a trading corporation, existing on the sufferance of the native powers, and in rivalry with the merchant companies of Holland and France. During the next century the Company acquires and consolidates its dominion, shares its sovereignty in increasing proportions with the Crown, and gradually loses its mercantile privileges and functions. After the Mutiny of 1857, the remaining powers of the Company are transferred to the Crown ..." (p. 5)</ref>
Baris 12: Baris 13:
=== Empat Divisi Besar India ===
=== Empat Divisi Besar India ===
Empat divisi pemerintahan pada 1851 terdiri dari:
Empat divisi pemerintahan pada 1851 terdiri dari:
* [[Kepresidenan Bengal]] dengan ibukotanya di [[Kalkuta]]
* [[Kepresidenan Bengal]] dengan ibu kotanya di [[Kalkuta]]
* [[Kepresidenan Bombay]] dengan ibukotanya di [[Bombay]]
* [[Kepresidenan Bombay]] dengan ibu kotanya di [[Bombay]]
* [[Kepresidenan Madras]] dengan ibukotanya di [[Madras]]
* [[Kepresidenan Madras]] dengan ibu kotanya di [[Madras]]
* [[Provinsi-Provinsi Barat Laut]] dengan kursi Letnan-Gubernur di [[Agra]]
* [[Provinsi-Provinsi Barat Laut]] dengan kursi Letnan-Gubernur di [[Agra]]
== Kota-kota kepresidenan (1600–1765) ==
== Kota-kota kepresidenan (1600–1765) ==
Baris 47: Baris 48:
== Bacaan tambahan ==
== Bacaan tambahan ==
* {{Cite book|last=Bandyopadhyay|first=Sekhar|year=2004|title=From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India|place=|publisher=New Delhi and London: Orient Longmans. Pp. xx, 548.|isbn=81-250-2596-0}}
* {{Cite book|last=Bandyopadhyay|first=Sekhar|year=2004|title=From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India|place=|publisher=New Delhi and London: Orient Longmans. Pp. xx, 548.|isbn=81-250-2596-0}}
* {{Cite book|last=Brown|first=Judith M.|year=1994|title=Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy|place=|publisher=Oxford and New York: [[Oxford University Press]]. Pp. xiii, 474|isbn=0-19-873113-2}}
* {{Cite book|last=Brown|first=Judith M.|year=1994|title=Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy|url=https://archive.org/details/modernindiaorigi0000brow|place=|publisher=Oxford and New York: [[Oxford University Press]]. Pp. xiii, 474|isbn=0-19-873113-2}}
* {{Cite book|last=Copland|first=Ian|year=2001|title=India 1885–1947: The Unmaking of an Empire (Seminar Studies in History Series)|place=|publisher=Harlow and London: Pearson Longmans. Pp. 160|isbn=0-582-38173-8|url=}}
* {{Cite book|last=Copland|first=Ian|year=2001|title=India 1885–1947: The Unmaking of an Empire (Seminar Studies in History Series)|place=|publisher=Harlow and London: Pearson Longmans. Pp. 160|isbn=0-582-38173-8|url=https://archive.org/details/india18851947unm0000copl}}
* {{Cite book|last=Harrington|first=Jack|year=2010|title=Sir John Malcolm and the Creation of British India|place=|publisher=New York: [[Palgrave Macmillan]].|isbn=978-0-230-10885-1|url=}}
* {{Cite book|last=Harrington|first=Jack|year=2010|title=Sir John Malcolm and the Creation of British India|place=|publisher=New York: [[Palgrave Macmillan]].|isbn=978-0-230-10885-1|url=}}
* {{Cite book|last=Judd|first=Dennis|year=2004|title=The Lion and the Tiger: The Rise and Fall of the British Raj, 1600–1947|place=|publisher=Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Pp. xiii, 280|isbn=0-19-280358-1}}
* {{Cite book|last=Judd|first=Dennis|year=2004|title=The Lion and the Tiger: The Rise and Fall of the British Raj, 1600–1947|url=https://archive.org/details/liontigerrisefal0000judd|place=|publisher=Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Pp. xiii, 280|isbn=0-19-280358-1}}
* {{Cite book|last=Majumdar|first=R. C.|last2=Raychaudhuri|first2=H. C.|authorlink2=|last3=Datta|first3=Kalikinkar|year=1950|title=An Advanced History of India|place=|publisher=London: Macmillan and Company Limited. 2nd edition. Pp. xiii, 1122, 7 maps, 5 coloured maps.|isbn=|url=}}
* {{Cite book|last=Majumdar|first=R. C.|last2=Raychaudhuri|first2=H. C.|authorlink2=|last3=Datta|first3=Kalikinkar|year=1950|title=An Advanced History of India|place=|publisher=London: Macmillan and Company Limited. 2nd edition. Pp. xiii, 1122, 7 maps, 5 coloured maps.|isbn=|url=}}
* {{Cite book|last=Markovits|first=Claude (ed)|year=2005|title=A History of Modern India 1480–1950 (Anthem South Asian Studies)|place=|publisher=Anthem Press. Pp. 607|isbn=1-84331-152-6|url=}}
* {{Cite book|last=Markovits|first=Claude (ed)|year=2005|title=A History of Modern India 1480–1950 (Anthem South Asian Studies)|place=|publisher=Anthem Press. Pp. 607|isbn=1-84331-152-6|url=}}
* {{Cite book|last=Metcalf|first=Barbara|last2=Metcalf|first2=Thomas R.|year=2006|title=A Concise History of Modern India (Cambridge Concise Histories)|place=|publisher=Cambridge and New York: [[Cambridge University Press]]. Pp. xxxiii, 372|isbn=0-521-68225-8}}.
* {{Cite book|last=Metcalf|first=Barbara|last2=Metcalf|first2=Thomas R.|year=2006|title=A Concise History of Modern India (Cambridge Concise Histories)|place=|publisher=Cambridge and New York: [[Cambridge University Press]]. Pp. xxxiii, 372|isbn=0-521-68225-8}}.
* {{Cite book|last=Mill|first=James|authorlink=James Mill|title=The History of British India, in six volumes|year=1820|publisher=London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, 3rd edition, 1826|url=http://oll.libertyfund.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=1867}}
* {{Cite book|last=Mill|first=James|authorlink=James Mill|title=The History of British India, in six volumes|year=1820|publisher=London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, 3rd edition, 1826|url=http://oll.libertyfund.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=1867}}
* {{Cite book|last=Peers|first=Douglas M.|year=2006|title=India under Colonial Rule 1700–1885|location=Harlow and London|publisher= Pearson Longmans. Pp. xvi, 163|isbn=0-582-31738-X|url=}}
* {{Cite book|last=Peers|first=Douglas M.|year=2006|title=India under Colonial Rule 1700–1885|location=Harlow and London|publisher= Pearson Longmans. Pp. xvi, 163|isbn=0-582-31738-X|url=https://archive.org/details/indiaundercoloni0000peer}}
* {{cite book|last=Riddick|first=John F.|title=The history of British India: a chronology|year=2006|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Es6x4u_g19UC}}
* {{cite book|last=Riddick|first=John F.|title=The history of British India: a chronology|year=2006|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Es6x4u_g19UC}}
* {{cite book|last=Riddick|first=John F.|title=Who Was Who in British India|year=1998}}
* {{cite book|last=Riddick|first=John F.|title=Who Was Who in British India|year=1998}}
* {{Cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Sumit|year=1983|title=Modern India: 1885–1947|place=|publisher=Delhi: Macmillan India Ltd. Pp. xiv, 486|isbn=0-333-90425-7|url=}}
* {{Cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Sumit|year=1983|title=Modern India: 1885–1947|place=|publisher=Delhi: Macmillan India Ltd. Pp. xiv, 486|isbn=0-333-90425-7|url=}}
* {{Cite book|last=Smith|first=Vincent A.|year=1921|title=India in the British Period: Being Part III of the Oxford History of India|place=|publisher=Oxford: At the Clarendon Press. 2nd edition. Pp. xxiv, 316 (469–784)|isbn=|url=}}
* {{Cite book|last=Smith|first=Vincent A.|year=1921|title=India in the British Period: Being Part III of the Oxford History of India|place=|publisher=Oxford: At the Clarendon Press. 2nd edition. Pp. xxiv, 316 (469–784)|isbn=|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.95477}}
* {{Cite book|last=Spear|first=Percival|year=1990|title=A History of India, Volume 2: From the sixteenth century to the twentieth century|place=|publisher=New Delhi and London: Penguin Books. Pp. 298|isbn=0-14-013836-6}}
* {{Cite book|last=Spear|first=Percival|year=1990|title=A History of India, Volume 2: From the sixteenth century to the twentieth century|place=|publisher=New Delhi and London: Penguin Books. Pp. 298|isbn=0-14-013836-6}}


== Pranala luar ==
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/statistics/ Statistical abstracts relating to British India, from 1840 to 1920] at uchicago.edu
* [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/statistics/ Statistical abstracts relating to British India, from 1840 to 1920] at uchicago.edu
* [http://www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au/dcd/default.htm Digital Colonial Documents (India) Homepage] at latrobe.edu.au
* [http://www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au/dcd/default.htm Digital Colonial Documents (India) Homepage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408000302/http://www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au/dcd/default.htm |date=2011-04-08 }} at latrobe.edu.au
* [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_BrProvinces.htm Provinces of British India] at worldstatesmen.org
* [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_BrProvinces.htm Provinces of British India] at worldstatesmen.org
* Collection of early 20th century photographs of the cities of Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras with other interesting Indian locations from the magazine, ''India Illustrated'', at the [http://digital.lib.uh.edu/cdm4/browse.php?CISOROOT=%2Fp15195coll29 University of Houston Digital Library ]
* Collection of early 20th century photographs of the cities of Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras with other interesting Indian locations from the magazine, ''India Illustrated'', at the [http://digital.lib.uh.edu/cdm4/browse.php?CISOROOT=%2Fp15195coll29 University of Houston Digital Library ]

Revisi terkini sejak 12 April 2023 10.38

Kolonial India
Kekaisaran India Britania
Entitas kekaisaran di India
India Belanda1605–1825
India Denmark1620–1869
India Prancis1769–1954
India Portugis
(1505–1961)
Casa da Índia1434–1833
Perusahaan India Timur Portugis1628–1633
India Britania
(1612–1947)
Perusahaan India Timur1612–1757
Kekuasaan perusahaan di India1757–1858
Kemaharajaan Britania1858–1947
Kekuasaan Britania di Burma1824–1948
Negara-negara kepangeranan1721–1949
Partisi India
1947
Sebuah mezotin yang menggambarkan Benteng William, Kalkuta, ibu kota Kepresidenan Bengal di India Britania pada 1735

Provinsi di India, yang sebelumnya Kepresidenan di India Britania dan sebelumnya lagi, Kota kepresidenan adalah divisi administratif kegubernuran Britania di anak benua tersebut. Dalam bentuk tersebut atau bentuk lainnya, mereka berdiri antara 1612 dan 1947, secara konvensional dibagi dalam tiga masa sejarah.

  • Pada 1612–1757, Perusahaan Hindia Timur membentuk "pabrik-pabrik" (pos perdagangan) di beberapa tempat, kebanyakan di pesisir India, dengan konsen para kaisar Moghul atau penguasa lokal. Saingannya adalah perusahaan dagang Benda dan Prancis. Pada pertengahan abad ke-18, tiga "kota kepresidenan": Madras, Bombay, dan Kalkuta diperluas.
  • Pada masa kekuasaan perusahaan di India, 1757–1858, Perusahaan tersebut mengakuisisi kedahulatan di sebagian besar India, yang sekarang disebut "Kepresidenan".
  • Setelah Pemberontakan India 1857, sisa-sisa kekuatan perusahaan tersebut dipindahkan ke Mahkota. Di Kemaharajaan Britania yang baru (1858–1947), kedaulatan dibagi dalam beberapa daerah yang baru, seperti Dataran Tinggi Burma. Namun, kepresidenan-kepresidenannya diturunkan menjadi "Provinsi".[1]

India Britania[sunting | sunting sumber]

Empat Divisi Besar India[sunting | sunting sumber]

Empat divisi pemerintahan pada 1851 terdiri dari:

Kota-kota kepresidenan (1600–1765)[sunting | sunting sumber]

Lihat pula[sunting | sunting sumber]

Catatan[sunting | sunting sumber]

  1. ^ Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV 1908, hlm. 5 Quote: "The history of British India falls ... into three periods. From the beginning of the 17th to the middle of the 18th century, the East India Company is a trading corporation, existing on the sufferance of the native powers, and in rivalry with the merchant companies of Holland and France. During the next century the Company acquires and consolidates its dominion, shares its sovereignty in increasing proportions with the Crown, and gradually loses its mercantile privileges and functions. After the Mutiny of 1857, the remaining powers of the Company are transferred to the Crown ..." (p. 5)

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

  • The Imperial Gazetteer of India (26 vol, 1908–31), highly detailed description of all of India in 1901. online edition
  • Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. II (1908), The Indian Empire, Historical, Published under the authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press. Pp. xxxv, 1 map, 573 
  • Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III (1908), The Indian Empire, Economic (Chapter X: Famine, pp. 475–502), Published under the authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press. Pp. xxxvi, 1 map, 520 
  • Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV (1908), The Indian Empire, Administrative, Published under the authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press. Pp. xxx, 1 map, 552 

Bacaan tambahan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

Templat:Presidenan dan provinsi di India Britania Templat:Distrik dalam sejarah India Templat:Teritorial Kekaisaran Britania