Hirkania: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox Former Subdivision |
{{Infobox Former Subdivision |
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|native_name = Gurgān |
|native_name = Gurgān |
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|conventional_long_name = |
|conventional_long_name = Hirkania |
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|common_name = |
|common_name = Hirkania |
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|subdivision = Provinsi |
|subdivision = Provinsi |
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|nation = [[Medes|Median]], [[Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah|Akhemeniyah]], [[Kekaisaran Seleukia|Seleukia]], [[Kekaisaran Parthia|Arsakid]], dan [[Kekaisaran Sasaniyah]] |
|nation = [[Medes|Median]], [[Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah|Akhemeniyah]], [[Kekaisaran Seleukia|Seleukia]], [[Kekaisaran Parthia|Arsakid]], dan [[Kekaisaran Sasaniyah]] |
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|capital = [[Gorgan|Zadracarta]]<br/><small>(548 SM–225 M)</small><br/>[[Gonbad-e Kavus|Gurgān]]<br/><small>(225–651 M)</small> |
|capital = [[Gorgan|Zadracarta]]<br/><small>(548 SM–225 M)</small><br/>[[Gonbad-e Kavus|Gurgān]]<br/><small>(225–651 M)</small> |
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|title_leader = |
|title_leader = |
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|image_map = |
|image_map = Map of the Achaemenid Empire.jpg |
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|image_map_caption = |
|image_map_caption = Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah, dengan Provinsi Hirkania |
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|life_span = |
|life_span = |
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|year_start = 548 SM |
|year_start = 548 SM |
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|today ={{flag|Iran}}<br>{{flag|Turkmenistan}} |
|today ={{flag|Iran}}<br>{{flag|Turkmenistan}} |
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}} |
}} |
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''' |
'''Hirkania''' atau '''Hyrkania''' ({{lang-el|{{lang|grc|Ὑρκανία}}}} ''Hyrkania'',<ref>Woodhouse (1910), p. 1013</ref> [[bahasa Persia Kuno]]: ''Varkâna'',<ref name="Livius: Hyrcania" >Lendering (1996)</ref> [[bahasa Persia Pertengahan]]: ''Gurgān'', [[bahasa Akkadia]]: ''Urqananu'')<ref name="Livius: Hyrcania" /> adalah sebuah daerah bersejarah yang terdiri dari daratan tenggara [[Laut Kaspia]] di Iran saat ini, di selatan dikelilingi oleh Pegunungan [[Alborz]] dan [[Kopet Dag]] di timur.<ref>Sherwin-White & Kuhrt (1993), p. 81</ref> |
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Daerah ini berfungsi sebagai sebuah [[satrap]] (provinsi) dari [[Medes|Kekaisaran Median]], sebuah subprovinsi dari [[Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah]], dan sebuah provinsi setelah para penerusnya, kekaisaran [[Kekaisaran Seleukia|Seleukia]], [[Kekaisaran Parthia|Arsakid]], dan [[Kekaisaran Sasaniyah|Sasaniyah]]. Hyrkania berbatasan dengan [[Parthia]] di sebelah timur (kemudian dikenal sebagai [[Abarshahr]]), [[Dahae|Dihistan]] di sebelah utara, [[Media (region)|Media]] di sebelah selatan, dan [[Amard|Mardia]] di sebelah barat. Setelah [[keruntuhan Sassaniyah|runtuhnya Kekaisaran Sasaniyah]] pada tahun 651 M, Hyrkania dikenal sebagai [[Tabaristan]]. |
Daerah ini berfungsi sebagai sebuah [[satrap]] (provinsi) dari [[Medes|Kekaisaran Median]], sebuah subprovinsi dari [[Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah]], dan sebuah provinsi setelah para penerusnya, kekaisaran [[Kekaisaran Seleukia|Seleukia]], [[Kekaisaran Parthia|Arsakid]], dan [[Kekaisaran Sasaniyah|Sasaniyah]]. Hyrkania berbatasan dengan [[Parthia]] di sebelah timur (kemudian dikenal sebagai [[Abarshahr]]), [[Dahae|Dihistan]] di sebelah utara, [[Media (region)|Media]] di sebelah selatan, dan [[Amard|Mardia]] di sebelah barat. Setelah [[keruntuhan Sassaniyah|runtuhnya Kekaisaran Sasaniyah]] pada tahun 651 M, Hyrkania dikenal sebagai [[Tabaristan]]. |
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* {{cite encyclopedia | article = Amminapes| last1 = Lendering| first1 = Jona | first2= |last2 = | authorlink =Jona Lendering | url = http://www.livius.org/articles/person/amminapes/| editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Livius | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = 2004| isbn = |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite encyclopedia | article = Amminapes| last1 = Lendering| first1 = Jona | first2= |last2 = | authorlink =Jona Lendering | url = http://www.livius.org/articles/person/amminapes/| editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Livius | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = 2004| isbn = |ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite encyclopedia | article = Wall of Alexander| last1 = Lendering| first1 = Jona | first2= |last2 = | authorlink =Jona Lendering | url = http://www.livius.org/articles/place/wall-of-alexander/?| editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Livius | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = 2005| isbn = |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite encyclopedia | article = Wall of Alexander| last1 = Lendering| first1 = Jona | first2= |last2 = | authorlink =Jona Lendering | url = http://www.livius.org/articles/place/wall-of-alexander/?| editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Livius | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = 2005| isbn = |ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite journal |
* {{cite journal|last=Nasrollahzadeh|first=Cyrus|last2=|first2=|date=2011|title=Inscriptional Literature: A Review of Parthian Inscription of Sare Pol-e Zohab|url=http://en.journals.sid.ir/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=240446|journal=Journal of Language Researches|volume=2|issue=|pages=|doi=|access-date=2017-04-22|archive-date=2016-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231075908/http://en.journals.sid.ir/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=240446|dead-url=yes}} |
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* {{cite encyclopedia | article = DEPORTATIONS| last1 =Perry | first1 =John R. | first2=A. Shapur |last2 = Shahbazi| first3=Erich |last3 =Kettenhofen|authorlink = | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/deportations| editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = 1994| isbn = |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite encyclopedia | article = DEPORTATIONS| last1 =Perry | first1 =John R. | first2=A. Shapur |last2 = Shahbazi| first3=Erich |last3 =Kettenhofen|authorlink = | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/deportations| editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = 1994| isbn = |ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book | last = Pourshariati | first = Parvaneh | authorlink= | editor1 = | title = Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran | volume = | publisher = | location = | date =2008 | url = https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=I-xtAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y|ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book | last = Pourshariati | first = Parvaneh | authorlink= | editor1 = | title = Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran | volume = | publisher = | location = | date =2008 | url = https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=I-xtAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y|ref=harv}} |
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Revisi terkini sejak 13 April 2023 05.39
| Hirkania Gurgān | |
|---|---|
| Provinsi di Median, Akhemeniyah, Seleukia, Arsakid, dan Kekaisaran Sasaniyah | |
| 548 SM–651 M | |
 Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah, dengan Provinsi Hirkania | |
| Ibu kota | Zadracarta (548 SM–225 M) Gurgān (225–651 M) |
| Sejarah | |
| Era sejarah | Kuno |
• Didirikan | 548 SM |
• Runtuhnya Kekaisaran Sasaniyah | 651 M |
| Sekarang bagian dari |  Iran Turkmenistan |
Hirkania atau Hyrkania (bahasa Yunani: Ὑρκανία Hyrkania,[1] bahasa Persia Kuno: Varkâna,[2] bahasa Persia Pertengahan: Gurgān, bahasa Akkadia: Urqananu)[2] adalah sebuah daerah bersejarah yang terdiri dari daratan tenggara Laut Kaspia di Iran saat ini, di selatan dikelilingi oleh Pegunungan Alborz dan Kopet Dag di timur.[3]
Daerah ini berfungsi sebagai sebuah satrap (provinsi) dari Kekaisaran Median, sebuah subprovinsi dari Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah, dan sebuah provinsi setelah para penerusnya, kekaisaran Seleukia, Arsakid, dan Sasaniyah. Hyrkania berbatasan dengan Parthia di sebelah timur (kemudian dikenal sebagai Abarshahr), Dihistan di sebelah utara, Media di sebelah selatan, dan Mardia di sebelah barat. Setelah runtuhnya Kekaisaran Sasaniyah pada tahun 651 M, Hyrkania dikenal sebagai Tabaristan.
Lihat juga
[sunting | sunting sumber]Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Sumber
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