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'''Sistem rudal Tor''' (Rusia: "Тор"; Inggris: torus<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rian.ru/authors/20051215/42498307.html |title="Бублик" остроконечный |language=Russian |accessdate=2008-09-04 |date=2005-12-15 |publisher=RIA Novosti }}</ref>) adalah sistem [[Peluru kendali|rudal]] [[Peluru kendali darat ke udara|permukaan-ke-udara]] jarak pendek segala cuaca dengan ketinggian rendah menengah, yang dirancang untuk melibatkan pesawat terbang, helikopter, rudal jelajah, amunisi dipandu presisi, kendaraan udara tak berawak dan ancaman balistik jarak pendek (Anti-Mesiu). Awalnya dikembangkan oleh Uni Soviet di bawah penunjukan Grau 9K330, sistem ini biasa dikenal dengan nama pelaporan NATO-nya, SA-15 "Gauntlet". |
'''Sistem rudal Tor''' (Rusia: "Тор"; Inggris: torus<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rian.ru/authors/20051215/42498307.html |title="Бублик" остроконечный |language=Russian |accessdate=2008-09-04 |date=2005-12-15 |publisher=RIA Novosti }}</ref>) adalah sistem [[Peluru kendali|rudal]] [[Peluru kendali darat ke udara|permukaan-ke-udara]] jarak pendek segala cuaca dengan ketinggian rendah menengah, yang dirancang untuk melibatkan pesawat terbang, helikopter, rudal jelajah, amunisi dipandu presisi, kendaraan udara tak berawak dan ancaman balistik jarak pendek (Anti-Mesiu). Awalnya dikembangkan oleh Uni Soviet di bawah penunjukan Grau 9K330, sistem ini biasa dikenal dengan nama pelaporan NATO-nya, SA-15 "Gauntlet". |
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Sebuah varian navalized dikembangkan dengan nama 3K95 "Kinzhal", juga dikenal sebagai SA-N-9 "Gauntlet". Tor juga pertama sistem pertahanan udara di dunia yang dirancang dari awal untuk menembak jatuh senjata presisi dipandu seperti AGM-86 ALCM.<ref name="PVO">{{cite web |url=http://pvo.guns.ru/tor/tor.htm |title=ЗЕНИТНЫЙ РАКЕТНЫЙ КОМПЛЕКС 9К330 "ТОР" (SA-15 Gauntlet) |language=Russian |accessdate=2008-08-09 |work=Вестника ПВО |date=2007-08-21 }}</ref> |
Sebuah varian navalized dikembangkan dengan nama 3K95 "Kinzhal", juga dikenal sebagai SA-N-9 "Gauntlet". Tor juga pertama sistem pertahanan udara di dunia yang dirancang dari awal untuk menembak jatuh senjata presisi dipandu seperti AGM-86 ALCM.<ref name="PVO">{{cite web |url=http://pvo.guns.ru/tor/tor.htm |title=ЗЕНИТНЫЙ РАКЕТНЫЙ КОМПЛЕКС 9К330 "ТОР" (SA-15 Gauntlet) |language=Russian |accessdate=2008-08-09 |work=Вестника ПВО |date=2007-08-21 |archive-date=2017-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171102164623/http://pvo.guns.ru/tor/tor.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |
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== Operator == |
== Operator == |
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*{{ARM}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/article/93378/armenia-receives-tor-m2km-sam-systems|title=Armenia receives Tor-M2KM SAM systems | Jane's 360|website=www.janes.com}}</ref> |
*{{ARM}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/article/93378/armenia-receives-tor-m2km-sam-systems|title=Armenia receives Tor-M2KM SAM systems | Jane's 360|website=www.janes.com}}</ref> |
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*{{BLR}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/january_2014_global_defense_security_news_industry/third_battery_of_tor-m2_air_defense_missile_system_enters_in_service_with_the_belarus_army_0401143.html |title=Third battery of Tor-M2 air defense missile system enters in service with the Belarus army |date=January 4, 2014 |access-date=January 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110211646/http://www.armyrecognition.com/january_2014_global_defense_security_news_industry/third_battery_of_tor-m2_air_defense_missile_system_enters_in_service_with_the_belarus_army_0401143.html |archive-date=January 10, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vpk-news.ru/news/21012|title=Россия поставила Белоруссии четыре Як-130 и дивизион "Тор-М2" – Еженедельник "Военно-промышленный курьер"|accessdate=14 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107152724/http://www.vpk-news.ru/news/21012|archive-date=7 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mil.by/print.php?ELEMENT_ID=24226&clear_cache=Y |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926030624/http://www.mil.by/print.php?ELEMENT_ID=24226&clear_cache=Y |archive-date=2015-09-26 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ria.ru/maks/20150825/1206500139.html|title=Рособоронэкспорт поставит Белоруссии 5 машин из состава ЗРК "Тор-М2К"|date=25 August 2015|website=ria.ru|accessdate=30 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129013029/https://ria.ru/maks/20150825/1206500139.html|archive-date=29 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/1128/122049840/detail.shtml |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129012748/http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/1128/122049840/detail.shtml |archive-date=2018-11-29 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tass.com/defense/972553|title=Belarus and Russia sign contract on battery of Tor-M2 air defense missile systems|website=tass.com|accessdate=30 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129012759/http://tass.com/defense/972553|archive-date=29 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/armies_in_the_world_analysis_focus/belarus_now_operates_five_tor-m2_air_defense_missile_batteries.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103164356/https://www.armyrecognition.com/armies_in_the_world_analysis_focus/belarus_now_operates_five_tor-m2_air_defense_missile_batteries.html |archive-date=2019-01-03 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
*{{BLR}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/january_2014_global_defense_security_news_industry/third_battery_of_tor-m2_air_defense_missile_system_enters_in_service_with_the_belarus_army_0401143.html |title=Third battery of Tor-M2 air defense missile system enters in service with the Belarus army |date=January 4, 2014 |access-date=January 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110211646/http://www.armyrecognition.com/january_2014_global_defense_security_news_industry/third_battery_of_tor-m2_air_defense_missile_system_enters_in_service_with_the_belarus_army_0401143.html |archive-date=January 10, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vpk-news.ru/news/21012|title=Россия поставила Белоруссии четыре Як-130 и дивизион "Тор-М2" – Еженедельник "Военно-промышленный курьер"|accessdate=14 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107152724/http://www.vpk-news.ru/news/21012|archive-date=7 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mil.by/print.php?ELEMENT_ID=24226&clear_cache=Y |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926030624/http://www.mil.by/print.php?ELEMENT_ID=24226&clear_cache=Y |archive-date=2015-09-26 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ria.ru/maks/20150825/1206500139.html|title=Рособоронэкспорт поставит Белоруссии 5 машин из состава ЗРК "Тор-М2К"|date=25 August 2015|website=ria.ru|accessdate=30 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129013029/https://ria.ru/maks/20150825/1206500139.html|archive-date=29 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/1128/122049840/detail.shtml |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129012748/http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/1128/122049840/detail.shtml |archive-date=2018-11-29 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tass.com/defense/972553|title=Belarus and Russia sign contract on battery of Tor-M2 air defense missile systems|website=tass.com|accessdate=30 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129012759/http://tass.com/defense/972553|archive-date=29 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/armies_in_the_world_analysis_focus/belarus_now_operates_five_tor-m2_air_defense_missile_batteries.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103164356/https://www.armyrecognition.com/armies_in_the_world_analysis_focus/belarus_now_operates_five_tor-m2_air_defense_missile_batteries.html |archive-date=2019-01-03 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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* {{CHN}}<ref name="Janes">{{cite web |url=http://www8.janes.com/Search/documentView.do?docId=/content1/janesdata/yb/jlad/jlad0112.htm |title=Almaz/Antei Concern of Air Defence Tor (NATO SA-15 'Gauntlet') low to medium-altitude self-propelled surface-to-air missile system |accessdate=2008-08-10 |date=2008-05-20 |publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]] }}</ref> |
* {{CHN}}<ref name="Janes">{{cite web |url=http://www8.janes.com/Search/documentView.do?docId=/content1/janesdata/yb/jlad/jlad0112.htm |title=Almaz/Antei Concern of Air Defence Tor (NATO SA-15 'Gauntlet') low to medium-altitude self-propelled surface-to-air missile system |accessdate=2008-08-10 |date=2008-05-20 |publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]] }}{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
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* {{CYP}} |
* {{CYP}} |
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* {{EGY}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deagel.com/Air-Defense-Systems/Tor-M1_a000375001.aspx|title=Tor-M1|website=www.deagel.com|accessdate=30 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228094529/http://www.deagel.com/Air-Defense-Systems/Tor-M1_a000375001.aspx|archive-date=28 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>http://en.fondsk.ru/article.php?id=2266{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://vpk.name/news/121328_minoboronyi_egipta_na_ucheniyah_prodemonstrirovalo_zrk_bukm2_utverzhdaet_dzheins.html|title=Минобороны Египта на учениях продемонстрировало ЗРК "Бук-М2", утверждает "Джейнс"|website=vpk.name|accessdate=30 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927125144/https://vpk.name/news/121328_minoboronyi_egipta_na_ucheniyah_prodemonstrirovalo_zrk_bukm2_utverzhdaet_dzheins.html|archive-date=27 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> |
* {{EGY}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deagel.com/Air-Defense-Systems/Tor-M1_a000375001.aspx|title=Tor-M1|website=www.deagel.com|accessdate=30 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228094529/http://www.deagel.com/Air-Defense-Systems/Tor-M1_a000375001.aspx|archive-date=28 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>http://en.fondsk.ru/article.php?id=2266{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://vpk.name/news/121328_minoboronyi_egipta_na_ucheniyah_prodemonstrirovalo_zrk_bukm2_utverzhdaet_dzheins.html|title=Минобороны Египта на учениях продемонстрировало ЗРК "Бук-М2", утверждает "Джейнс"|website=vpk.name|accessdate=30 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927125144/https://vpk.name/news/121328_minoboronyi_egipta_na_ucheniyah_prodemonstrirovalo_zrk_bukm2_utverzhdaet_dzheins.html|archive-date=27 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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{{commons category|Tor surface-to-air missile system}} |
{{commons category|Tor surface-to-air missile system}} |
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* [http://www.almaz-antey.ru Almaz-Antey, Tor Design Bureau] |
* [http://www.almaz-antey.ru Almaz-Antey, Tor Design Bureau] |
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* [http://www.kupol.ru/en Kupol, Tor Manufacturer] |
* [http://www.kupol.ru/en Kupol, Tor Manufacturer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207151313/http://www.kupol.ru/en |date=2009-02-07 }} |
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* [http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/sa-15.htm Federation of American Scientists page] |
* [http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/sa-15.htm Federation of American Scientists page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060710073407/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/sa-15.htm |date=2006-07-10 }} |
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* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/sa-15.htm SA-15 GAUNTLET / 9K331 Tor - Global Security] |
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/sa-15.htm SA-15 GAUNTLET / 9K331 Tor - Global Security] |
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* [http://www.defense-update.com/products/t/tor.htm TOR M-1 Update] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080522130615/http://defense-update.com/products/t/tor.htm |date=2008-05-22 }} |
* [http://www.defense-update.com/products/t/tor.htm TOR M-1 Update] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080522130615/http://defense-update.com/products/t/tor.htm |date=2008-05-22 }} |
Revisi per 26 Mei 2023 12.17
Sistem rudal Tor (Rusia: "Тор"; Inggris: torus[1]) adalah sistem rudal permukaan-ke-udara jarak pendek segala cuaca dengan ketinggian rendah menengah, yang dirancang untuk melibatkan pesawat terbang, helikopter, rudal jelajah, amunisi dipandu presisi, kendaraan udara tak berawak dan ancaman balistik jarak pendek (Anti-Mesiu). Awalnya dikembangkan oleh Uni Soviet di bawah penunjukan Grau 9K330, sistem ini biasa dikenal dengan nama pelaporan NATO-nya, SA-15 "Gauntlet".
Sebuah varian navalized dikembangkan dengan nama 3K95 "Kinzhal", juga dikenal sebagai SA-N-9 "Gauntlet". Tor juga pertama sistem pertahanan udara di dunia yang dirancang dari awal untuk menembak jatuh senjata presisi dipandu seperti AGM-86 ALCM.[2]
Operator
Operator saat ini
- Aljazair[3]
- Azerbaijan[4]
- Armenia[5]
- Belarus[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
- Tiongkok[13]
- Siprus
- Mesir[14][15][16]
- Yunani
- Iran[17]
- Peru[18][19]
- Rusia[20][21][22][23]
- Ukraina[24]
- Venezuela[25][26]
- Yaman[27][28][29]
- Maroko[30]
- Suriah[31][32]
Eks operator
Referensi
- ^ ""Бублик" остроконечный" (dalam bahasa Russian). RIA Novosti. 2005-12-15. Diakses tanggal 2008-09-04.
- ^ "ЗЕНИТНЫЙ РАКЕТНЫЙ КОМПЛЕКС 9К330 "ТОР" (SA-15 Gauntlet)". Вестника ПВО (dalam bahasa Russian). 2007-08-21. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-11-02. Diakses tanggal 2008-08-09.
- ^ "Алжир как экспортная витрина для российских систем ПВО". dfnc.ru (dalam bahasa Rusia). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-11-22. Diakses tanggal 2018-11-21.
- ^ "-". Vedomosti.ru. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-06-18. Diakses tanggal 14 November 2014.
- ^ "Armenia receives Tor-M2KM SAM systems | Jane's 360". www.janes.com.
- ^ "Third battery of Tor-M2 air defense missile system enters in service with the Belarus army". January 4, 2014. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 10, 2014. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2014.
- ^ "Россия поставила Белоруссии четыре Як-130 и дивизион "Тор-М2" – Еженедельник "Военно-промышленный курьер"". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 7 November 2014. Diakses tanggal 14 November 2014.
- ^ "Archived copy". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-09-26. Diakses tanggal 2015-08-25.
- ^ "Рособоронэкспорт поставит Белоруссии 5 машин из состава ЗРК "Тор-М2К"". ria.ru. 25 August 2015. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 29 November 2018. Diakses tanggal 30 April 2018.
- ^ "Archived copy". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-11-29. Diakses tanggal 2018-11-28.
- ^ "Belarus and Russia sign contract on battery of Tor-M2 air defense missile systems". tass.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 29 November 2018. Diakses tanggal 30 April 2018.
- ^ "Archived copy". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-01-03. Diakses tanggal 2019-01-03.
- ^ "Almaz/Antei Concern of Air Defence Tor (NATO SA-15 'Gauntlet') low to medium-altitude self-propelled surface-to-air missile system". Jane's Information Group. 2008-05-20. Diakses tanggal 2008-08-10.[pranala nonaktif permanen]
- ^ "Tor-M1". www.deagel.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 28 February 2017. Diakses tanggal 30 April 2018.
- ^ http://en.fondsk.ru/article.php?id=2266[pranala nonaktif permanen]
- ^ "Минобороны Египта на учениях продемонстрировало ЗРК "Бук-М2", утверждает "Джейнс"". vpk.name. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 27 September 2018. Diakses tanggal 30 April 2018.
- ^ "Russia Iran successfully tests Russian TOR-M1 missiles". RIA Novosti. 2007-02-07. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-02-02. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-15.
- ^ Bericht auf dtig.org (S. 10) Diarsipkan 2015-09-23 di Wayback Machine. (PDF; 156 kB)
- ^ "Auf der MilitärinfoseiteArmy Recognition unter Vehicles with missiles". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal June 15, 2007. Diakses tanggal 2015-04-29. (englisch)
- ^ "warfare.be". warfare.be. Diakses tanggal 30 April 2018.
- ^ "ЦАМТО / Новости / Валерий Герасимов: за пятилетний период принято на вооружение более 300 новых образцов ВиВТ". armstrade.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 7 November 2017. Diakses tanggal 30 April 2018.
- ^ "Russia receives final contracted Tor-M2 air defence system | Jane's 360". www.janes.com.
- ^ "Russian MoD speeds up acquisition of Tor SAM systems | Jane's 360". www.janes.com.
- ^ "Archived copy". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-05-11. Diakses tanggal 2018-08-25.
- ^ "Hugo Chávez agradece a Rusia por suministrar a Venezuela "el armamento más moderno del mundo"" (dalam bahasa Spanyol). RIA Novosti. 2011-08-18. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-10-05. Diakses tanggal 2011-08-18.
- ^ The Military Balance 2012. — P. 405.
- ^ es:Tor-M1
- ^ Yemeni Air Force
- ^ John Pike. "Yemen Air Force". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 January 2016. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2015.
- ^ widesoft systems. ".:( Les grands bouleversements gopolitiques imposent une nouvelle vision du monde )". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 29 November 2014. Diakses tanggal 14 November 2014.
- ^ inserbia.info: Russia fulfilling contracts with Syria for Tor, Buk and Bastion systems Diarsipkan 2016-10-21 di Wayback Machine., accessed October 21, 2016
- ^ sputniknews.com: Made in Russia: Syria Continues to Develop Its Air Defense Forces Diarsipkan 2016-10-22 di Wayback Machine., accessed October 21, 2016
- ^ "Киев открещивается от поставок Грузии систем С-200 и "Тор"". Известия (dalam bahasa Rusia). 2008-08-12. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-07-05. Diakses tanggal 2018-05-20.
- ^ "geo-army.ge". www.geo-army.ge. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 September 2015. Diakses tanggal 30 April 2018.
Pranala luar
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Tor surface-to-air missile system.
- Almaz-Antey, Tor Design Bureau
- Kupol, Tor Manufacturer Diarsipkan 2009-02-07 di Wayback Machine.
- Federation of American Scientists page Diarsipkan 2006-07-10 di Wayback Machine.
- SA-15 GAUNTLET / 9K331 Tor - Global Security
- TOR M-1 Update Diarsipkan 2008-05-22 di Wayback Machine.
- Demonstration of Tor-M2E on August 20, 2009 Diarsipkan 2013-10-29 di Wayback Machine. (Rusia), Video[pranala nonaktif permanen] (WMV), 2009 MAKS Airshow, NIEMI press-release