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[[Berkas:Shelves usually selling toilet paper and tissues are empty, due to Coronavirus panic buying 2.jpg|jmpl|Pembelian panik di [[Jepang]] yang disebabkan [[Wabah penyakit koronavirus 2019–2020|karena wabah penyakit koronavirus 2019-2020]]]]
[[Berkas:Shelves usually selling toilet paper and tissues are empty, due to Coronavirus panic buying 2.jpg|jmpl|Pembelian panik di [[Jepang]] yang disebabkan [[Wabah penyakit koronavirus 2019–2020|karena wabah penyakit koronavirus 2019-2020]]]]
'''Pembelian karena panik'''—atau "penimbunan berdasarkan rasa takut"—adalah tindakan membeli barang dalam jumlah besar untuk mengantisipasi suatu bencana, setelah bencana terjadi, atau untuk mengantisipasi kenaikan maupun penurunan harga.
'''Beli panik'''<ref>{{Kamus|Beli panik}}</ref> ({{lang-en|Panic buying}}) adalah tindakan membeli barang dalam jumlah besar untuk mengantisipasi suatu bencana, setelah bencana terjadi, atau untuk mengantisipasi kenaikan maupun penurunan harga.


Pembelian panik dikaji secara ilmiah oleh [[Perilaku konsumen|teori perilaku konsumen]], yang merupakan bidang ilmu ekonomi yang menjelaskan tindakan-tindakan kolektif seperti tren, [[mode]], penimbunan barang, dan [[penarikan dana besar-besaran]].<ref name="Principles">{{en}} Duncan, Tom. 2005. ''Principles of Advertising & IMC, Second Edition.'' McGraw-Hill, Inc. Bab 5</ref>
Pembelian karena panik dikaji secara ilmiah oleh [[Perilaku konsumen|teori perilaku konsumen]], yang merupakan bidang ilmu ekonomi yang menjelaskan tindakan-tindakan kolektif seperti tren, [[mode]], penimbunan barang, dan [[penarikan dana besar-besaran]].<ref name="Principles">{{en}} Duncan, Tom. 2005. ''Principles of Advertising & IMC, Second Edition.'' McGraw-Hill, Inc. Bab 5</ref>


Pembelian panik dapat mengakibatkan kondisi kekurangan barang yang sesungguhnya tanpa memandang apakah risiko kekurangan itu sendiri memang nyata atau hanya dipersepsikan belaka.<ref>{{cite news|title=Toxic leak threat to Chinese city|url=https://www.cantonrep.com/news/20200303/we-need-to-calm-down-coronavirus-fears-spark-lsquopanic-buyingrsquo-of-toilet-paper-hand-sanitizer-and-water|work=The Repository|date=8 Maret 2020}}</ref>
Perilaku pembelian semacam ini dapat menyebabkan kekurangan stok barang, tanpa memandang apakah situasi kekurangan itu sendiri memang nyata atau hanya dipersepsikan belaka.<ref>{{cite news|title=Toxic leak threat to Chinese city|url=https://www.cantonrep.com/news/20200303/we-need-to-calm-down-coronavirus-fears-spark-lsquopanic-buyingrsquo-of-toilet-paper-hand-sanitizer-and-water|work=The Repository|date=8 Maret 2020|access-date=2020-03-26|archive-date=2020-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304114834/https://www.cantonrep.com/news/20200303/we-need-to-calm-down-coronavirus-fears-spark-lsquopanic-buyingrsquo-of-toilet-paper-hand-sanitizer-and-water|dead-url=yes}}</ref>


== Contoh ==
== Contoh ==


* [[Kelaparan di Benggala 1943]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/wavellviceroysjo0000wave|title=Wavell: The Viceroy's Journal|author1=Archibald Percival Wavell|date=1973|publisher=Oxford University Press|editor1-last=Moon|editor1-first=Penderel|page=[https://archive.org/details/wavellviceroysjo0000wave/page/34 34]|authorlink1=Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell|url-access=registration}}</ref>
* [[Kelaparan di Benggala 1943]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/wavellviceroysjo0000wave|title=Wavell: The Viceroy's Journal|author1=Archibald Percival Wavell|date=1973|publisher=Oxford University Press|editor1-last=Moon|editor1-first=Penderel|page=[https://archive.org/details/wavellviceroysjo0000wave/page/34 34]|authorlink1=Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell|url-access=registration}}</ref>
* [[Krisis Rudal Kuba]] – panik dalam membeli makanan kaleng.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8MmCPgN14msC&pg=PA78|title=Awaiting Armageddon: How Americans Faced the Cuban Missile Crisis|author1=Alice L. George|date=2003|publisher=The University of North Carolina Press|isbn=0807828289|page=78}}</ref>
* [[Krisis Rudal Kuba]] – pembelian makanan kaleng secara besar-besaran karena panik<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8MmCPgN14msC&pg=PA78|title=Awaiting Armageddon: How Americans Faced the Cuban Missile Crisis|author1=Alice L. George|date=2003|publisher=The University of North Carolina Press|isbn=0807828289|page=78}}</ref>
* [[Masalah Tahun 2000|Masalah tahun 2000]] – makanan<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lohr|first1=Steve|title=Technology and 2000 – Momentous Relief; Computers Prevail in First Hours of '00|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/01/us/1-1-00-technology-2000-momentous-relief-computers-prevail-first-hours-00.html?pagewanted=all|work=New York Times|date=January 1, 2000}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The Millenium Bug threatens food supply systems – developing countries are also vulnerable, FAO warns|url=http://www.fao.org/News/1999/990302-e.htm|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=19 April 1999}}</ref>
* [[Masalah Tahun 2000|Masalah tahun 2000]] – makanan<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lohr|first1=Steve|title=Technology and 2000 – Momentous Relief; Computers Prevail in First Hours of '00|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/01/us/1-1-00-technology-2000-momentous-relief-computers-prevail-first-hours-00.html?pagewanted=all|work=New York Times|date=January 1, 2000}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The Millenium Bug threatens food supply systems – developing countries are also vulnerable, FAO warns|url=http://www.fao.org/News/1999/990302-e.htm|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=19 April 1999|access-date=2020-03-26|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924041501/http://www.fao.org/News/1999/990302-e.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
* Protes kenaikan harga bahan bakar di Britania Raya tahun 2000 dan 2005<ref>{{cite news|last1=Collins|first1=Nick|title=EU ban on traditional lightbulbs prompts panic buying|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/energy/6082853/EU-ban-on-traditional-lightbulbs-prompts-panic-buying.html|work=The Telegraph|date=25 August 2009}}</ref><ref name="bbc20000914">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/924329.stm|title=UK fuel blockades tumble|date=14 September 2000|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=12 January 2008}}</ref>
* Protes kenaikan harga bahan bakar di Britania Raya tahun 2000 dan 2005<ref>{{cite news|last1=Collins|first1=Nick|title=EU ban on traditional lightbulbs prompts panic buying|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/energy/6082853/EU-ban-on-traditional-lightbulbs-prompts-panic-buying.html|work=The Telegraph|date=25 August 2009|access-date=2020-03-26|archive-date=2014-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111163407/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/energy/6082853/EU-ban-on-traditional-lightbulbs-prompts-panic-buying.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="bbc20000914">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/924329.stm|title=UK fuel blockades tumble|date=14 September 2000|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=12 January 2008}}</ref>
* Ledakan pabrik kimia Jilin tahun 2005 – air dan makanan<ref>{{cite news|title=Toxic leak threat to Chinese city|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4462760.stm|publisher=BBC News|date=23 November 2005}}</ref>
* Ledakan pabrik kimia Jilin tahun 2005 – air dan makanan<ref>{{cite news|title=Toxic leak threat to Chinese city|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4462760.stm|publisher=BBC News|date=23 November 2005}}</ref>
* [[Kebakaran Buncefield]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4517962.stm|title=Massive blaze rages at fuel depot|date=12 December 2005|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=19 October 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/Sky-News-Archive/Article/20080641205711|title=Fire Rages After Blasts At Oil Depot|date=11 December 2005|work=Sky News|accessdate=19 October 2009}}</ref>
* [[Kebakaran Buncefield]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4517962.stm|title=Massive blaze rages at fuel depot|date=12 December 2005|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=19 October 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/Sky-News-Archive/Article/20080641205711|title=Fire Rages After Blasts At Oil Depot|date=11 December 2005|work=Sky News|accessdate=19 October 2009}}</ref>
* Kekurangan amunisi Amerika Serikat tahun 2008-2013 – Pembelian-panik oleh pemilik senjata yang takut akan undang-undang pengendalian senjata yang lebih keras di bawah kekuasaan Presiden [[Barack Obama]] merupakan salah satu penyebab kekurangan tersebut.<ref>Danielle Kurtzleben, [https://www.vox.com/2014/7/1/5845524/the-ammunition-shortage-is-a-real-thing-heres-why-it-happened Here's why the ammunition shortage went on for years], ''Vox'' (July 1, 2014).</ref><ref>Stephanie Clifford, [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/22/nyregion/gun-shop-owners-report-spike-in-sales-as-enthusiasts-fear-possible-new-laws.html Shop Owners Report Rise in Firearm Sales as Buyers Fear Possible New Laws], ''New York Times'' (December 22, 2012).</ref>
* Kekurangan amunisi Amerika Serikat tahun 2008-2013 – Pembelian karena panik oleh pemilik senjata yang takut akan undang-undang pengendalian senjata yang lebih keras di bawah kekuasaan Presiden [[Barack Obama]] merupakan salah satu penyebab kekurangan tersebut.<ref>Danielle Kurtzleben, [https://www.vox.com/2014/7/1/5845524/the-ammunition-shortage-is-a-real-thing-heres-why-it-happened Here's why the ammunition shortage went on for years], ''Vox'' (July 1, 2014).</ref><ref>Stephanie Clifford, [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/22/nyregion/gun-shop-owners-report-spike-in-sales-as-enthusiasts-fear-possible-new-laws.html Shop Owners Report Rise in Firearm Sales as Buyers Fear Possible New Laws], ''New York Times'' (December 22, 2012).</ref>
* [[Wabah penyakit koronavirus 2019–2020]] – masker, makanan, dan tisu toilet.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-24/virus-outbreak-drives-italians-to-panic-buying-of-masks-and-food|title=Virus Outbreak Drives Italians to Panic-Buying of Masks and Food|last=Sirletti|first=Sonia|last2=Remondini|first2=Chiara|date=2020-02-24|website=Bloomberg|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-02-29|last3=Lepido|first3=Daniele|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/virus-panic-buying-prompts-toilet-paper-rationing-in-australia-1.4837956|title=Virus panic buying prompts toilet paper rationing in Australia|date=2020-03-04|publisher=[[CTV News]]|access-date=2020-03-04|agency=[[Agence France-Presse]]}}</ref>
* [[Wabah penyakit koronavirus 2019–2020]] – masker, makanan, dan tisu toilet.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-24/virus-outbreak-drives-italians-to-panic-buying-of-masks-and-food|title=Virus Outbreak Drives Italians to Panic-Buying of Masks and Food|last=Sirletti|first=Sonia|last2=Remondini|first2=Chiara|date=2020-02-24|website=Bloomberg|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-02-29|last3=Lepido|first3=Daniele|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/virus-panic-buying-prompts-toilet-paper-rationing-in-australia-1.4837956|title=Virus panic buying prompts toilet paper rationing in Australia|date=2020-03-04|publisher=[[CTV News]]|access-date=2020-03-04|agency=[[Agence France-Presse]]}}</ref>

== Galeri ==
<gallery>
Berkas:Rationing Means a Fair Share for All of Us.jpg|alt=Sebuah poster dari Amerika Serikat yang menunjukkan efek beli panik|Sebuah poster dari Amerika Serikat yang menunjukkan efek beli panik
Berkas:Mexico City Empty Shelves in a Supermarket Swine Flu.jpg|alt=Pembeli di Kota Meksiko membeli panik makanan dalam kaleng saat pandemi flu 2009|Pembeli di [[Kota Meksiko]] membeli panik makanan dalam kaleng saat [[pandemi flu 2009]]
Berkas:Dakazo.png|alt=Masyarakat Venezuela mengambil barang-barang saat Dakazo, sebuah krisis di Venezuela|Masyarakat [[Venezuela]] mengambil barang-barang saat [[Dakazo]], sebuah [[krisis di Venezuela]]
Berkas:DSC05532 (49675496857).jpg|alt=Pembeli di London membeli makanan kaleng dan tisu toilet saat Pandemi Covid-19|Pembeli di [[London]] membeli makanan kaleng dan tisu toilet saat [[Pandemi Covid-19]]
Berkas:2020-03-13 22 34 45 Bare shelves due to panic buying in the Giant supermarket at the Franklin Farm Village Shopping Center in the Franklin Farm section of Oak Hill, Fairfax County, Virginia during the COVID-19 corona virus pandemic.jpg|alt=beli panik di toko swalayan Giant di Franklin Farm, Virginia saat pandemi Covid-19 di Maret 2020|beli panik di toko swalayan [[Giant (toko swalayan)|Giant]] di [[Franklin Farm, Virginia]] saat [[pandemi Covid-19]] di Maret 2020
</gallery>

== Lihat pula ==
* [[Penarikan dana besar-besaran]]
* ''[[Market run]]''


== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==
<references />
<references />
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[[Kategori:Ekonomi]]
[[Kategori:Ekonomi]]

Revisi terkini sejak 7 Juni 2023 11.53

Pembelian panik di Jepang yang disebabkan karena wabah penyakit koronavirus 2019-2020

Beli panik[1] (bahasa Inggris: Panic buying) adalah tindakan membeli barang dalam jumlah besar untuk mengantisipasi suatu bencana, setelah bencana terjadi, atau untuk mengantisipasi kenaikan maupun penurunan harga.

Pembelian karena panik dikaji secara ilmiah oleh teori perilaku konsumen, yang merupakan bidang ilmu ekonomi yang menjelaskan tindakan-tindakan kolektif seperti tren, mode, penimbunan barang, dan penarikan dana besar-besaran.[2]

Perilaku pembelian semacam ini dapat menyebabkan kekurangan stok barang, tanpa memandang apakah situasi kekurangan itu sendiri memang nyata atau hanya dipersepsikan belaka.[3]

Contoh

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Galeri

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Lihat pula

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Referensi

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  1. ^ (Indonesia) Arti kata Beli panik dalam situs web Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia oleh Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia.
  2. ^ (Inggris) Duncan, Tom. 2005. Principles of Advertising & IMC, Second Edition. McGraw-Hill, Inc. Bab 5
  3. ^ "Toxic leak threat to Chinese city". The Repository. 8 Maret 2020. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-03-04. Diakses tanggal 2020-03-26. 
  4. ^ Archibald Percival Wavell (1973). Moon, Penderel, ed. Wavell: The Viceroy's JournalPerlu mendaftar (gratis). Oxford University Press. hlm. 34. 
  5. ^ Alice L. George (2003). Awaiting Armageddon: How Americans Faced the Cuban Missile Crisis. The University of North Carolina Press. hlm. 78. ISBN 0807828289. 
  6. ^ Lohr, Steve (January 1, 2000). "Technology and 2000 – Momentous Relief; Computers Prevail in First Hours of '00". New York Times. 
  7. ^ "The Millenium Bug threatens food supply systems – developing countries are also vulnerable, FAO warns". Food and Agriculture Organization. 19 April 1999. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-09-24. Diakses tanggal 2020-03-26. 
  8. ^ Collins, Nick (25 August 2009). "EU ban on traditional lightbulbs prompts panic buying". The Telegraph. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-11-11. Diakses tanggal 2020-03-26. 
  9. ^ "UK fuel blockades tumble". BBC News. 14 September 2000. Diakses tanggal 12 January 2008. 
  10. ^ "Toxic leak threat to Chinese city". BBC News. 23 November 2005. 
  11. ^ "Massive blaze rages at fuel depot". BBC News. 12 December 2005. Diakses tanggal 19 October 2009. 
  12. ^ "Fire Rages After Blasts At Oil Depot". Sky News. 11 December 2005. Diakses tanggal 19 October 2009. 
  13. ^ Danielle Kurtzleben, Here's why the ammunition shortage went on for years, Vox (July 1, 2014).
  14. ^ Stephanie Clifford, Shop Owners Report Rise in Firearm Sales as Buyers Fear Possible New Laws, New York Times (December 22, 2012).
  15. ^ Sirletti, Sonia; Remondini, Chiara; Lepido, Daniele (2020-02-24). "Virus Outbreak Drives Italians to Panic-Buying of Masks and Food". Bloomberg. Diakses tanggal 2020-02-29. 
  16. ^ "Virus panic buying prompts toilet paper rationing in Australia". CTV News. Agence France-Presse. 2020-03-04. Diakses tanggal 2020-03-04. 
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