Krisis kepresidenan Venezuela: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox civil conflict|title=Krisis Presidensial Venezuela 2019|partof=[[Krisis Venezuela]]|image=[[File:Maduro and Guaidó (Presidential crisis).png|360px]]|caption=[[Nicolás Maduro]] (kiri) [[Juan Guaidó]] (kanan)|date={{Start date|2019|1|10|df=y}} – kini <br> ({{Age in years, months and days|year= 2019|month= 1|day= 10}})|place=[[Venezuela]]|coordinates=|causes=*Persengketaan hasil Pemiihan Presiden Venezuela 2018 |
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{{Infobox civil conflict |
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*Pelantikan kedua [[Nicolas Maduro]]|goals=|methods=Protes, kampanye dukungan, tekanan diplomatik asing, dan sanksi|status='''Sedang terjadi''' |
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|title=Krisis Presidensial Venezuela 2019 |
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|partof=[[Krisis#Krisis politik|Krisis]] di Venezuela |
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|image={{Photomontage |
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|photo1a=Nicolás Maduro, president of Venezuela (2016) cropped.jpg |
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|photo1b=Juan Guaidó in Group of Lima 2019 collage crop.jpg |
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|position=center |
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|size=300 |
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|spacing=2 |
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|color=black |
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|border=1 |
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|color_border=transparent |
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}} |
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|caption=[[Nicolás Maduro]] (kiri) [[Juan Guaidó]] (kanan) |
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|date={{Start date|2019|1|10|df=y}} – kini <br> ({{Age in years, months and days|year= 2019|month= 1|day= 10}})|place=[[Venezuela]] |
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|coordinates= |
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|causes=*Persengketaan hasil Pemiihan Presiden Venezuela 2018 |
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*Pelantikan kedua [[Nicolas Maduro]] |
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|goals= |
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|methods=Protes, kampanye dukungan, tekanan diplomatik asing, dan sanksi |
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|status='''Sedang terjadi''' |
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*Guaidó mengambil sumpah pada 23 Januari 2019 |
*Guaidó mengambil sumpah pada 23 Januari 2019 |
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*Pemberhentian [[Hubungan Amerika Serikat dengan Venezuela|hubungan bilateral dengan Amerika Serikat]] setelah mengakui Guaidó |
*Pemberhentian [[Hubungan Amerika Serikat dengan Venezuela|hubungan bilateral dengan Amerika Serikat]] setelah mengakui Guaidó |
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*Pemerintah AS menjatuhkan sanksi pada perusahaan minyak milik negara Venezuela (PDVSA), serta mentransfer aset AS Venezuela ke Guaido. |
*Pemerintah AS menjatuhkan sanksi pada perusahaan minyak milik negara Venezuela (PDVSA), serta mentransfer aset AS Venezuela ke Guaido. |
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*Mahkamah Agung Venezuela (TSJ) pro-Maduro membekukan aset keuangan Guaido dan memberlakukan larangan perjalanan terhadapnya |
*Mahkamah Agung Venezuela (TSJ) pro-Maduro membekukan aset keuangan Guaido dan memberlakukan larangan perjalanan terhadapnya |
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*Adanya Konferensi Internasional tentang Situasi di Venezuela, dihadiri oleh negara-negara netral, dijadwalkan terjadi di [[Montevideo]], Uruguay, pada 7 Februari 2019|result=|side1={{center|'''Pemerintah Resmi'''}} |
*Adanya Konferensi Internasional tentang Situasi di Venezuela, dihadiri oleh negara-negara netral, dijadwalkan terjadi di [[Montevideo]], Uruguay, pada 7 Februari 2019 |
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|result= |
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|side1={{center|'''Pemerintah Resmi'''}} |
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*[[ |
*[[Berkas:Logo of the 2017 Constituent Assembly of Venezuela.png|20px]] Konstituante Venezuela |
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*[[ |
*[[Berkas:Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (Venezuela) logo.png|20px]] Mahkamah Agung |
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*[[Berkas:CNE logo.svg|20px]] Dewan Pemilihan Nasional |
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|side2={{center|'''Pemerintah Transisi'''}} |
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*[[ |
*[[Berkas:Logo Asamblea Nacional.svg|20px]] Majelis Nasional |
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*[[ |
*[[Berkas:Supreme Tribunal of Justice in Exile logo.png|20px]] [[Pemerintahan dalam pengasingan|Mahkamah Agung dalam pengasingan]] |
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|howmany1= |
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|howmany2= |
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}} |
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'''Krisis kepresidenan Venezuela tahun 2019''' adalah sebuah perselisihan presiden yang menyebabkan krisis nasional di Venezuela, yang sudah berlangsung sejak 10 Januari 2019 lalu. |
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Presiden petahana [[Nicolás Maduro]] dinyatakan sebagai pemenang pemilihan presiden Mei 2018; yang mana proses dan hasil pemilu itu banyak diperdebatkan.<ref name="BriefingNYT">{{Cite news|title=Climate Change, U.S. Shutdown, Michael Cohen: Your Friday Briefing|last=Bullock, Penn|date=10 January 2019|work=New York Times (Online)|quote=President Nicolás Maduro was inaugurated for a second term after an election last year that was widely considered illegitimate — and despite a plummeting economy and skyrocketing violence, hunger and migration.|via=ProQuest}}</ref> |
Presiden petahana [[Nicolás Maduro]] dinyatakan sebagai pemenang pemilihan presiden Mei 2018; yang mana proses dan hasil pemilu itu banyak diperdebatkan.<ref name="BriefingNYT">{{Cite news|title=Climate Change, U.S. Shutdown, Michael Cohen: Your Friday Briefing|last=Bullock, Penn|date=10 January 2019|work=New York Times (Online)|quote=President Nicolás Maduro was inaugurated for a second term after an election last year that was widely considered illegitimate — and despite a plummeting economy and skyrocketing violence, hunger and migration.|via=ProQuest}}</ref> Pada 10 Januari 2019, Majelis Nasional Venezuela, yang mayoritas terdiri atas koalisi oposisi, menyatakan bahwa hasil pemilihan tidak sah dan mengangkat [[Juan Guaidó|Juan Guaido]] sebagai penjabat presiden, dikutip dari beberapa klausul Konstitusi Venezuela 1999 yang disahkan oleh mantan presiden [[Hugo Chávez|Hugo Chavez]], pendahulu Maduro. Sebagai tanggapan, Mahkamah Agung yang ditunjuk Maduro menyebut pernyataan sikap oleh Majelis itu tidaklah konstitusional.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-46952641|title=El Tribunal Supremo de Justicia de Venezuela declara "inconstitucional" a la Asamblea Nacional y anula el nombramiento de Juan Guaidó como su presidente|access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> |
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Unjuk rasa massa di seluruh Venezuela dan dunia terjadi pada 23 Januari ketika Guaido meminta rakyat Venezuela untuk berdemonstrasi menentang Maduro.<ref name="BBCProt">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-46979531|title=Protestas en Venezuela: miles de personas participan en manifestaciones masivas contra el gobierno de Maduro|date=23 January 2019|work=BBC News Mundo|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="MarchasMasivas">{{Cite news|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/venezuela/2019/01/24/las-50-fotos-de-las-masivas-marchas-contra-la-dictadura-de-nicolas-maduro-en-venezuela-y-latinoamerica/|title=Las 50 fotos de las masivas marchas contra la dictadura de Nicolás Maduro en Venezuela y Latinoamérica|date=24 January 2019|work=Infobae|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref> |
Unjuk rasa massa di seluruh Venezuela dan dunia terjadi pada 23 Januari ketika Guaido meminta rakyat Venezuela untuk berdemonstrasi menentang Maduro.<ref name="BBCProt">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-46979531|title=Protestas en Venezuela: miles de personas participan en manifestaciones masivas contra el gobierno de Maduro|date=23 January 2019|work=BBC News Mundo|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="MarchasMasivas">{{Cite news|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/venezuela/2019/01/24/las-50-fotos-de-las-masivas-marchas-contra-la-dictadura-de-nicolas-maduro-en-venezuela-y-latinoamerica/|title=Las 50 fotos de las masivas marchas contra la dictadura de Nicolás Maduro en Venezuela y Latinoamérica|date=24 January 2019|work=Infobae|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref> Sebuah demonstrasi untuk mendukung [[Revolusi Bolivarian]] dan mendukung pemerintah juga terjadi.<ref name="DefiantMaduro">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/23/americas/venezuela-protests/index.html|title=Maduro defiant as Venezuelan opposition leader declares himself acting president|last=Sanchez, Ray and Nicole Chavez|date=23 January 2019|work=CNN|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref> Demonstrasi massal tersebut berlangsung hingga 30 Januari.<ref name="BBCProtestsRage">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p06zjwkf|title=Trump backs Venezuela’s Guaido as demonstrations rage across the country|date=30 January 2019|work=BBC|access-date=31 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="DespiteRepression">{{Cite news|url=https://www.local10.com/espanol/noticias/venezuela/despite-repression-venezuelans-return-to-the-streets|title=Despite repression, Venezuelans return to the streets|last=Smith, Scott and Christine Armario|date=30 January 2019|work=Local10 News Miami|access-date=31 January 2019|archive-date=2019-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203131456/https://www.local10.com/espanol/noticias/venezuela/despite-repression-venezuelans-return-to-the-streets|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |
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Pertemuan khusus di [[Organisasi Negara-negara Amerika]] pada 24 Januari dan di [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|PBB]] pada 26 Januari diadakan, tetapi tidak ada konsensus yang tercapai. |
Pertemuan khusus di [[Organisasi Negara-negara Amerika]] pada 24 Januari dan di [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|PBB]] pada 26 Januari diadakan, tetapi tidak ada konsensus yang tercapai. Sekretaris Jenderal PBB [[António Guterres]] menyerukan dialog untuk meredakan ketegangan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/01/1031382|title=UN political chief calls for dialogue to ease tensions in Venezuela; Security Council divided over path to end crisis|access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Meksiko dan Uruguay kemudian mengumumkan akan adanya sebuah konferensi internasional untuk negara-negara dengan posisi netral di Montevideo pada 7 Februari.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.presidencia.gub.uy/comunicacion/comunicacionnoticias/encuentro-7-febrero-montevideo-situacion-venezuela-uruguay-mexico-dialogo|title=Uruguay y México convocan a conferencia internacional en Montevideo sobre situación en Venezuela|language=Spanish|access-date=31 January 2019|archive-date=2019-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201013356/https://www.presidencia.gub.uy/comunicacion/comunicacionnoticias/encuentro-7-febrero-montevideo-situacion-venezuela-uruguay-mexico-dialogo|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |
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Pemerintahan Maduro menyatakan bahwa krisis saat ini adalah sebuah [[kudeta]] dipimpin oleh Amerika Serikat untuk menggulingkannya dan mengendalikan cadangan minyak negara yang besar.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.presidencia.gob.ve/Site/Web/Principal/paginas/classMostrarEvento3.php?id_evento=12708|title=Canciller Arreaza advierte que objetivo de plan golpista es el petróleo venezolano|publisher=presidencia.gob.ve|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rt.com/news/450083-venezuela-fm-us-oil-coup/|title=‘Oil’ the ‘sole and real’ purpose behind US ‘coup’ attempt, says Venezuela’s foreign minister|publisher=RT|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.europapress.es/internacional/noticia-maduro-afirma-petroleo-principal-motivo-presion-eeuu-contra-venezuela-20190130061636.html|title=Maduro afirma que el petróleo es el principal motivo de la presión de EEUU contra Venezuela|publisher=Europa Press|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref> |
Pemerintahan Maduro menyatakan bahwa krisis saat ini adalah sebuah [[kudeta]] dipimpin oleh Amerika Serikat untuk menggulingkannya dan mengendalikan cadangan minyak negara yang besar.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.presidencia.gob.ve/Site/Web/Principal/paginas/classMostrarEvento3.php?id_evento=12708|title=Canciller Arreaza advierte que objetivo de plan golpista es el petróleo venezolano|publisher=presidencia.gob.ve|access-date=30 January 2019|archive-date=2019-01-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131040106/http://www.presidencia.gob.ve/Site/Web/Principal/paginas/classMostrarEvento3.php?id_evento=12708|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rt.com/news/450083-venezuela-fm-us-oil-coup/|title=‘Oil’ the ‘sole and real’ purpose behind US ‘coup’ attempt, says Venezuela’s foreign minister|publisher=RT|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.europapress.es/internacional/noticia-maduro-afirma-petroleo-principal-motivo-presion-eeuu-contra-venezuela-20190130061636.html|title=Maduro afirma que el petróleo es el principal motivo de la presión de EEUU contra Venezuela|publisher=Europa Press|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref> |
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== Latar Belakang == |
== Latar Belakang == |
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Sejak 2010, Venezuela menderita krisis sosial-ekonomi di bawah pimpinan [[Nicolás Maduro]] (dan secara singkat di bawah pendahulunya, [[Hugo Chávez|Hugo Chavez]]), karena tingkat kejahatan yang meningkat, [[hiperinflasi]], dan kualitas hidup yang rendah.<ref name="unstable">{{Cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/03/06/business/venezuela-chavez-oil-economy/|title=Chavez leaves Venezuelan economy more equal, less stable|last=Kevin Voigt|date=6 March 2013|publisher=CNN|access-date=6 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="FPmarch2013">{{Cite news|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/03/07/the-house-that-chavez-built/|title=The House That Chavez Built|last=Corrales|first=Javier|date=7 March 2013|work=[[Foreign Policy]]|access-date=6 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="NPRdec2014">{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2014/12/25/373128433/for-venezuela-drop-in-global-oil-prices-could-be-catastrophic|title=For Venezuela, Drop In Global Oil Prices Could Be Catastrophic|last=Siegel|first=Robert|date=25 December 2014|publisher=[[NPR]]|access-date=4 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="ELPAISfeb2015">{{Cite news|url=http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2015/01/30/actualidad/1422646346_475356.html|title=Volver a ser pobre en Venezuela|last=Scharfenberg|first=Ewald|date=1 February 2015|work=El Pais|access-date=3 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="FPcoupFATIGUE">{{Cite news|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/03/15/coup-fatigue-in-caracas-venezuela-maduro/|title=Coup Fatigue in Caracas|last=Lansberg-Rodríguez|first=Daniel|date=15 March 2015|agency=''[[Foreign Policy]]''|access-date=10 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="economist.com">{{Cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/21526365|title=Venezuela's economy: Medieval policies|date=20 August 2011|work=[[The Economist]]|access-date=23 February 2014}}</ref> Sebagai akibat dari ketidakpuasan terhadap pemerintah, koalisi oposisi pun terpilih menjadi koalisi mayoritas pada Majelis Nasional untuk pertama kalinya sejak 1999; setelah pemilihan parlemen 2015.<ref name="NYTmuzzle">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/30/world/americas/venezuelas-supreme-court-takes-power-from-legislature.html|title=Venezuela Muzzles Legislature, Moving Closer to One-Man Rule|last=Casey|first=Nicholas|date=30 March 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|last2=Torres|first2=Patricia|page=A1|access-date=31 March 2017}}</ref> |
Sejak 2010, Venezuela menderita krisis sosial-ekonomi di bawah pimpinan [[Nicolás Maduro]] (dan secara singkat di bawah pendahulunya, [[Hugo Chávez|Hugo Chavez]]), karena tingkat kejahatan yang meningkat, [[hiperinflasi]], dan kualitas hidup yang rendah.<ref name="unstable">{{Cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/03/06/business/venezuela-chavez-oil-economy/|title=Chavez leaves Venezuelan economy more equal, less stable|last=Kevin Voigt|date=6 March 2013|publisher=CNN|access-date=6 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="FPmarch2013">{{Cite news|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/03/07/the-house-that-chavez-built/|title=The House That Chavez Built|last=Corrales|first=Javier|date=7 March 2013|work=[[Foreign Policy]]|access-date=6 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="NPRdec2014">{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2014/12/25/373128433/for-venezuela-drop-in-global-oil-prices-could-be-catastrophic|title=For Venezuela, Drop In Global Oil Prices Could Be Catastrophic|last=Siegel|first=Robert|date=25 December 2014|publisher=[[NPR]]|access-date=4 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="ELPAISfeb2015">{{Cite news|url=http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2015/01/30/actualidad/1422646346_475356.html|title=Volver a ser pobre en Venezuela|last=Scharfenberg|first=Ewald|date=1 February 2015|work=El Pais|access-date=3 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="FPcoupFATIGUE">{{Cite news|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/03/15/coup-fatigue-in-caracas-venezuela-maduro/|title=Coup Fatigue in Caracas|last=Lansberg-Rodríguez|first=Daniel|date=15 March 2015|agency=''[[Foreign Policy]]''|access-date=10 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="economist.com">{{Cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/21526365|title=Venezuela's economy: Medieval policies|date=20 August 2011|work=[[The Economist]]|access-date=23 February 2014}}</ref> Sebagai akibat dari ketidakpuasan terhadap pemerintah, koalisi oposisi pun terpilih menjadi koalisi mayoritas pada Majelis Nasional untuk pertama kalinya sejak 1999; setelah pemilihan parlemen 2015.<ref name="NYTmuzzle">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/30/world/americas/venezuelas-supreme-court-takes-power-from-legislature.html|title=Venezuela Muzzles Legislature, Moving Closer to One-Man Rule|last=Casey|first=Nicholas|date=30 March 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|last2=Torres|first2=Patricia|page=A1|access-date=31 March 2017}}</ref> Setelah pemilihan, para anggota Majelis Nasional yang terdiri dari pejabat Bolivarian mengisi Mahkamah Agung, pengadilan tertinggi di Venezuela, dengan sekutu Maduro.<ref name="NYTmuzzle" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-12-23/venezuela-s-lame-duck-congress-names-new-supreme-court-justices|title=Venezuela’s Lame-Duck Congress Names New Supreme Court Justices|date=23 December 2015|work=Bloomberg|language=en|access-date=31 March 2017}}</ref> Pengadilan melucuti tiga anggota parlemen oposisi dari kursi Majelis Nasional mereka pada awal 2016, mengutip dugaan "penyimpangan" dalam pemilihan mereka, sehingga mencegah terjadinya supermayoritas oposisi yang akan mampu menantang Presiden Maduro.<ref name="NYTmuzzle" /> |
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Pengadilan kemudian menyetujui beberapa tindakan oleh Maduro dan memberinya kekuatan lebih pada 2017.<ref name="NYTmuzzle" |
Pengadilan kemudian menyetujui beberapa tindakan oleh Maduro dan memberinya kekuatan lebih pada 2017.<ref name="NYTmuzzle"/> Ketika protes meningkat terhadap Maduro, ia menyerukan akan adanya majelis konstituante yang akan merancang konstitusi baru untuk menggantikan Konstitusi Venezuela 1999 yang dibuat oleh Chavez.<ref name="USAmay">{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2017/05/01/maduro-citizens-congress/101175468/|title=Venezuela's embattled socialist president calls for citizens congress, new constitution|date=1 May 2017|work=[[USA Today]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=1 May 2017}}</ref> Banyak negara menganggap tindakan ini sebagai upaya Maduro untuk tetap berkuasa tanpa batas,<ref name="suspended">{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politics-mercosur-idUSKBN1AL0IB|title=Mercosur suspends Venezuela, urges immediate transition|last=Silvio Cascione|date=5 August 2017|website=Reuters.com|access-date=6 August 2017}}</ref> dan lebih dari 40 negara menyatakan bahwa mereka tidak akan mengakui Majelis Konstituante Nasional.<ref name="40nos">{{Cite news|url=http://www.infobae.com/america/venezuela/2017/07/31/la-lista-de-los-40-paises-democraticos-que-hasta-el-momento-desconocieron-la-asamblea-constituyente-de-venezuela/|title=La lista de los 40 países democráticos que hasta el momento desconocieron la Asamblea Constituyente de Venezuela|date=31 July 2017|work=[[Infobae]]|language=es-LA|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="VoteRigging">{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/08/04/americas/venezuela-assembly-first-day/index.html|title=Venezuela: New assembly leader warns 'justice will come'|date=4 August 2017|access-date=19 August 2017}}<br/>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politics-idUSKBN18J320|title=As Venezuela unrest spreads, Maduro presses on with plans to rewrite charter|date=24 May 2017|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=24 May 2017}}<br/>{{Cite news|url=http://www.efe.com/efe/english/world/venezuelan-gov-t-proposes-constitutional-assembly-election-on-july-30/50000262-3286879|title=Venezuelan gov't proposes constitutional assembly election on July 30|date=4 June 2017|work=[[EFE]]|access-date=6 June 2017|archive-date=2017-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728225619/https://www.efe.com/efe/english/world/venezuelan-gov-t-proposes-constitutional-assembly-election-on-july-30/50000262-3286879|dead-url=yes}}<br/>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/02/venezuela-voting-fraud-corruption-allegations-protests|title=40 countries protest Venezuela's new assembly amid fraud accusations|access-date=4 August 2017}}</ref> Partai oposisi terhadap partai yang berkuasa, Meja Bundar Persatuan Demokratik (''The Democratic Unity Roundtable'') memboikot pemilihan umum tersebut, dengan mengatakan bahwa Majelis Konstituante adalah "sebuah trik untuk menjaga [partai penguasa yang] berkuasa".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politics-idUSKBN18424I|title=Venezuela opposition boycotts meeting on Maduro assembly, clashes rage|last=|first=|date=8 April 2017|work=Reuters|access-date=7 August 2017}}</ref> Karena oposisi tidak berpartisipasi dalam pemilihan, ''Great Patriotic Pole'' yang berkuasa didominasi oleh Partai Sosialis Bersatu Venezuela, yang memenangkan hampir semua kursi di majelis.<ref name="LAnears">{{Cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/world/mexico-americas/la-fg-venezuela-constitution-20170730-htmlstory.html|title=As Venezuelan election nears, more upheaval and cries of fraud|last=Mogollon|first=Mery|date=29 July 2017|work=[[The Los Angeles Times]]|last2=Kraul|first2=Chris|access-date=30 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="BBCwhat">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-40704184|title=What are Venezuelans voting for and why is it so divisive?|date=30 July 2017|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=30 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://in.reuters.com/article/venezuela-politics-idINKBN1AE0JM|title=Venezuelan opposition promises new tactics after Sunday's vote|last=Bronstein|first=Hugh|work=Reuters India|access-date=30 July 2017}}</ref> Pada 8 Agustus 2017, Majelis Konstituante mendeklarasikan bahwa Majelis Konstituante merupakan "cabang pemerintah dengan kekuasaan tertinggi di Venezuela", serta melarang Majelis Nasional yang dipimpin oposisi melakukan tindakan yang akan mengganggu majelis sambil terus memberikan langkah-langkah dalam "dukungan dan solidaritas" dengan Presiden. Maduro, secara efektif menghilangkan semua kekuatan Majelis Nasional.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-venezuela-political-assembly-20170808-story.html|title=New Venezuela assembly declares itself superior government branch|last=Goodman|first=Joshua|date=8 August 2017|work=[[The Chicago Tribune]]|last2=Sanchez|first2=Fabiola|agency=Associated Press|access-date=9 August 2017}}</ref> |
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=== Pemilihan Presiden 2018 === |
=== Pemilihan Presiden 2018 === |
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[[Berkas:UN_-_Venezuela_Continued_impunity_amid_dismal_human_rights_situation.webm|ka|jmpl|[[Zeid Raad Al Hussein]], seorang komisioner dari [[Kantor Komisaris Tinggi PBB untuk Hak Asasi Manusia]], berbicara mengenai Krisis Presidensial Venezuela (Juni 2018)]] |
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Pada bulan Februari 2018, Maduro menyerukan pemilihan presiden empat bulan sebelum tanggal yang ditentukan.<ref name="BBCweighs">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-42984448|title=Venezuela opposition weighs election run|date=8 February 2018|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=8 February 2018}}</ref> Ia dinyatakan sebagai pemenang pada Mei 2018 setelah beberapa partai oposisi utama tidak diperbolehkan berpartisipasi. Selain itu, terdapat pula beberapa penyimpangan lainnya. Banyak yang menyatakan bahwa pemilihan itu tidak sah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.el-nacional.com/noticias/gobierno/anc-aprobo-decreto-para-validacion-los-partidos-politicos_216253|title=ANC aprobó un decreto para la validación de los partidos políticos|date=20 December 2017|website=El Nacional}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-46805683|title=Por qué es polémico que Maduro jure como presidente de Venezuela y por qué lo hace ahora si las elecciones fueron en mayo|last=Olmo (@BBCgolmo)|first=Guillermo D.|date=10 January 2019|work=BBC News Mundo|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://efectococuyo.com/politica/maduro-gana-con-la-abstencion-historica-mas-alta-en-comicios-presidenciales/|title=Maduro gana con la abstención histórica más alta en comicios presidenciales - Efecto Cocuyo|website=efectococuyo.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221101748/http://efectococuyo.com/politica/maduro-gana-con-la-abstencion-historica-mas-alta-en-comicios-presidenciales/|archive-date=21 December 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-42304594|title=Venezuela opposition banned from running in 2018 election|date=11 December 2017|website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> Berpasangan dengan seorang yang |
Pada bulan Februari 2018, Maduro menyerukan pemilihan presiden empat bulan sebelum tanggal yang ditentukan.<ref name="BBCweighs">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-42984448|title=Venezuela opposition weighs election run|date=8 February 2018|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=8 February 2018}}</ref> Ia dinyatakan sebagai pemenang pada Mei 2018 setelah beberapa partai oposisi utama tidak diperbolehkan berpartisipasi. Selain itu, terdapat pula beberapa penyimpangan lainnya. Banyak yang menyatakan bahwa pemilihan itu tidak sah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.el-nacional.com/noticias/gobierno/anc-aprobo-decreto-para-validacion-los-partidos-politicos_216253|title=ANC aprobó un decreto para la validación de los partidos políticos|date=20 December 2017|website=El Nacional}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-46805683|title=Por qué es polémico que Maduro jure como presidente de Venezuela y por qué lo hace ahora si las elecciones fueron en mayo|last=Olmo (@BBCgolmo)|first=Guillermo D.|date=10 January 2019|work=BBC News Mundo|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://efectococuyo.com/politica/maduro-gana-con-la-abstencion-historica-mas-alta-en-comicios-presidenciales/|title=Maduro gana con la abstención histórica más alta en comicios presidenciales - Efecto Cocuyo|website=efectococuyo.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221101748/http://efectococuyo.com/politica/maduro-gana-con-la-abstencion-historica-mas-alta-en-comicios-presidenciales/|archive-date=21 December 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-42304594|title=Venezuela opposition banned from running in 2018 election|date=11 December 2017|website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> Berpasangan dengan seorang yang memandang kepemimpinan Maduro sebagai kediktatoran yang tidak efektif,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.americasquarterly.org/content/venezuelas-odd-transition-dictatorship|title=Venezuela's Odd Transition to Dictatorship|last=Corrales|first=Javier|website=[[Americas Quarterly]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220103221/http://www.americasquarterly.org/content/venezuelas-odd-transition-dictatorship|archive-date=20 December 2016|dead-url=no|access-date=10 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/21/venezuela-president-maduro-recall-referendum|title=Venezuelans warn of 'dictatorship' after officials block bid to recall Maduro|last=Brodzinsky|first=Sibylla|date=21 October 2016|work=[[The Guardian]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209230102/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/21/venezuela-president-maduro-recall-referendum|archive-date=9 December 2016|dead-url=no|access-date=10 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2016/08/23/almagro-maduro-se-transforma-en-dictador-por-negarle-a-venezolanos-derecho-a-decidir-su-futuro/#0|title=Almagro: Maduro se transforma en dictador por negarles a venezolanos derecho a decidir su futuro|date=24 August 2016|work=[[CNN en Español]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220135042/http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2016/08/23/almagro-maduro-se-transforma-en-dictador-por-negarle-a-venezolanos-derecho-a-decidir-su-futuro/|archive-date=20 December 2016|dead-url=no|access-date=10 December 2016}}</ref> para politisi dari dalam maupun luar negeri menyatakan bahwa Maduro tidak dipilih secara sah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/venezuela-s-sham-election|title=Venezuela's Sham Election|last=Sen|first=Ashish Kumar|website=Atlantic Council|language=en-gb|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118135833/http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/venezuela-s-sham-election|archive-date=18 November 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> Dalam bulan-bulan menjelang pelantikannya pada 10 Januari 2019, Maduro ditekan untuk mundur oleh negara-negara dan badan-badan termasuk ''Kelompok Lima'' (selain Meksiko), Amerika Serikat, dan [[Organisasi Negara-negara Amerika|OAS]] (Organisasi Negara-negara Amerika). Tekanan ini semakin meningkat seiring dengan dilantiknya anggota Majelis Nasional Venezuela yang baru pada tanggal 5 Januari 2019.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/401e52a0-1405-11e9-a581-4ff78404524e|title=Venezuela Swears in an illegitimate President|last=|first=|date=|website=Financial Times|language=en-GB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/10/world/americas/venezuela-maduro-inauguration.html|title=Venezuela Is in Crisis. So How Did Maduro Secure a Second Term?|last=Herrero|first=Ana Vanessa|date=10 January 2019|work=[[The New York Times]]|last2=Specia|first2=Megan|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111012015/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/10/world/americas/venezuela-maduro-inauguration.html|archive-date=11 January 2019|dead-url=no|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/01/peru-paraguay-recall-diplomats-maduro-inauguration-190110180310100.html|title=Peru, Paraguay recall diplomats over Maduro inauguration {{!}} Venezuela News|website=Aljazeera.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110232447/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/01/peru-paraguay-recall-diplomats-maduro-inauguration-190110180310100.html|archive-date=10 January 2019|dead-url=no|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> Maduro menolak Majelis Nasional pada tahun 2017;<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-46821653|title=Venezuela's Maduro begins second term|date=10 January 2019|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110231014/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-46821653|archive-date=10 January 2019|dead-url=no|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> yang disebut sebagai "satu-satunya lembaga yang dipilih secara demokratis yang tersisa di negara ini".{{Efn|Sources directly claiming that the National Assembly is the "only democratically elected" or "only legitimate" political body in Venezuela include: ''[[Financial Times]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/839b90f8-15d4-11e9-a581-4ff78404524e|title=Venezuela's opposition vows to help end Maduro's rule|last=Long|first=Gideon|date=13 January 2019|website=[[Financial Times]]|language=en-GB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=15 January 2019|quote=... the National Assembly is the only democratically elected institution left in the country ...}}</ref> ''[[The Telegraph]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/01/26/spain-germany-france-give-venezuelas-maduro-eight-days-call|title=US demands world stands with 'forces of freedom' in Venezuela|website=The Telegraph|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> the [[BBC]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-47009301|title=Venezuela crisis: Guaido rejects talks with Maduro|website=BBC News|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> ''[[The Economic Times|Economic Times]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/russia-china-block-us-push-for-u-n-to-back-venezuelas-juan-guaido/articleshow/67703648.cms|title=Russia, China block US push for UN to back Venezuela's Juan Guaidó|website=Economic Times|accessdate=31 January 2019|archive-date=2019-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201120043/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/russia-china-block-us-push-for-u-n-to-back-venezuelas-juan-guaido/articleshow/67703648.cms|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[CTV Television Network|CTV]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/freeland-says-venezuela-s-maduro-regime-is-now-fully-entrenched-as-a-dictatorship-1.4248589|title=Freeland says Venezuela's Maduro regime is now fully entrenched as a dictatorship|website=CTV|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> ''[[Business Times (China)|Business Times]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.businesstimes.cn/articles/107088/20190129/russia-china-greece-supports-maduro-regime.htm|title=Russia, China, Greece supports Maduro regime|website=Business Times|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> [[Reuters]] agency,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/world/reuters-us-pushes-un-security-council-to-back-venezuelas-guaido.html|title=Reuters: US pushes UN Security Council to back Venezuela's Guaidó|website=Kyiv Post|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/singh-ndp-liberals-venezuela-1.4991913|title=Singh calls on Trudeau to part ways with US, Brazil on Venezuela crisis|website=CBC News|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> etc.}} |
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=== Seruan untuk membentuk pemerintahan transisi === |
=== Seruan untuk membentuk pemerintahan transisi === |
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Antara pemilihan presiden Mei 2018 dan pelantikan Maduro, ada seruan untuk mendirikan pemerintahan transisi.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elnuevoherald.com/opinion-es/opin-col-blogs/opinion-sobre-venezuela/article219161250.html|title=¿Dónde está el gobierno de transición en Venezuela?|last=Corao|first=Manuel|date=28 September 2018|website=[[El Nuevo Herald]]|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=26 January 2019}}</ref><ref name=":15">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elnuevoherald.com/opinion-es/opin-col-blogs/opinion-sobre-venezuela/article222393325.html|title=Primera meta de gobierno de transición en Venezuela: la estabilidad|last=Ortiz|first=Alexis|date=30 November 2018|website=[[El Nuevo Herald]]|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=26 January 2019}}</ref><ref name=":16">{{Cite web|url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/es/latin-america-caribbean/andes/venezuela/71-friendly-fire-venezuelas-opposition-turmoil|title=Fuego amigo: el caos de la oposición venezolana|last=|first=|date=23 November 2018|website=[[International Crisis Group]]|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=26 January 2019}}</ref> |
Antara pemilihan presiden Mei 2018 dan pelantikan Maduro, ada seruan untuk mendirikan pemerintahan transisi.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elnuevoherald.com/opinion-es/opin-col-blogs/opinion-sobre-venezuela/article219161250.html|title=¿Dónde está el gobierno de transición en Venezuela?|last=Corao|first=Manuel|date=28 September 2018|website=[[El Nuevo Herald]]|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=26 January 2019}}</ref><ref name=":15">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elnuevoherald.com/opinion-es/opin-col-blogs/opinion-sobre-venezuela/article222393325.html|title=Primera meta de gobierno de transición en Venezuela: la estabilidad|last=Ortiz|first=Alexis|date=30 November 2018|website=[[El Nuevo Herald]]|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=26 January 2019}}</ref><ref name=":16">{{Cite web|url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/es/latin-america-caribbean/andes/venezuela/71-friendly-fire-venezuelas-opposition-turmoil|title=Fuego amigo: el caos de la oposición venezolana|last=|first=|date=23 November 2018|website=[[International Crisis Group]]|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=26 January 2019}}</ref> CEO ''[[Venezuela Al Día]]'', Manuel Corao, berpendapat bahwa Maduro bukan lagi presiden dan bahwa "sebagian besar rakyat di Venezuela terwakili dalam Majelis Nasional [dan ingin] menunjuk pemerintahan transisi yang mengisi kekosongan kekuasaan dan membebaskan Venezuela dari kejahatan Komunis".<ref name=":12" /> Mantan legislator Venezuela Alexis Ortiz menyatakan bahwa "Paham Castrochavism [...] membusuk dalam ketidakmampuan, korupsi, dan penyerahan kedaulatan nasional", menyerukan pemerintah transisi untuk bekerja pada rekonsiliasi, mengadakan pemilihan umum, menerima bantuan kemanusiaan dan melindungi kebebasan sipil, di antara beberapa permintaan lainnya.<ref name=":15" /> |
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Sebuah laporan pada November 2018 oleh [[ICG|International Crisis Group]] mengatakan bahwa "negara-negara tetangga dan kekuatan asing lainnya telah mengambil berbagai langkah - termasuk sanksi, untuk mencapai negosiasi transisi, yang merupakan jalan keluar terbaik dari krisis" <ref name=":16" |
Sebuah laporan pada November 2018 oleh [[ICG|International Crisis Group]] mengatakan bahwa "negara-negara tetangga dan kekuatan asing lainnya telah mengambil berbagai langkah - termasuk sanksi, untuk mencapai negosiasi transisi, yang merupakan jalan keluar terbaik dari krisis" <ref name=":16"/> |
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=== Pembenaran tantangan === |
=== Pembenaran tantangan === |
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Koalisi Oposisi Venezuela mendasarkan tindakannya pada Konstitusi Venezuela 1999, khususnya Pasal 233 yang menetapkan bahwa "pemimpin Majelis Nasional akan memegang jabatan presiden jika tidak ada presiden yang sah", yang mereka nyatakan setelah pemilihan presiden Venezuela 2018.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/01/15/maduro-is-usurper-its-time-restore-democracy-venezuela/|title=Maduro is a usurper. It’s time to restore democracy in Venezuela.|last=[[Juan Guaidó|Guaidó]]|first=[[Juan Guaidó|Juan]]|date=15 January 2019|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=16 January 2019}}</ref> |
Koalisi Oposisi Venezuela mendasarkan tindakannya pada Konstitusi Venezuela 1999, khususnya Pasal 233 yang menetapkan bahwa "pemimpin Majelis Nasional akan memegang jabatan presiden jika tidak ada presiden yang sah", yang mereka nyatakan setelah pemilihan presiden Venezuela 2018.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/01/15/maduro-is-usurper-its-time-restore-democracy-venezuela/|title=Maduro is a usurper. It’s time to restore democracy in Venezuela.|last=[[Juan Guaidó|Guaidó]]|first=[[Juan Guaidó|Juan]]|date=15 January 2019|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=16 January 2019}}</ref> Pasal 333 menyerukan warga negara untuk memulihkan dan menegakkan konstitusi jika tidak diikuti. Mereka berpendapat bahwa baik komunitas nasional dan internasional harus bersatu di bawah pemerintahan transisi yang akan menjamin bantuan kemanusiaan, membawa pemulihan [[Rule of law|aturan hukum]] Venezuela, dan akan mengadakan pemilihan demokratis.<ref name=":14" /> |
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=== Strategi oposisi === |
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Majelis Nasional dan pihak oposisi telah mempertahankan ''strategi tiga langkah''<ref>{{cite news |title=La oposición condiciona el diálogo: "Cese de la usurpación, gobierno de transición y elecciones libres" |url=https://www.libertaddigital.com/internacional/latinoamerica/2019-02-06/la-oposicion-venezolana-condiciona-el-dialogo-cese-de-la-usurpacion-gobierno-de-transicion-y-elecciones-libres-1276632676/ |accessdate=8 February 2019 |agency=Libertad Digital |date=6 February 2019 }}</ref> dalam krisis ini untuk memulihkan keadaan [[demokrasi]] di negara ini: |
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[[Berkas:Venezuela_president_recognition_map_2019.svg|pus|jmpl| Bangsa-bangsa mengakui kekuasaan presidensial <br />Hitam: Negara Venezuela |
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'''Bahasa Indonesia:''' |
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# Pemberhentian perampasan |
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# Pemerintahan transisi |
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# Pemilihan umum yang bebas |
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'''Bahasa Spanyol''' |
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# Cese de la usurpación |
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# Gobierno de transición |
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# Elecciones libres |
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== Linimasa == |
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Biru: Mengakui Guaido Biru muda: Mendukung Majelis Nasional |
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=== Pelantikan kedua Maduro === |
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[[Berkas:Nicolás Maduro 2019 Inauguration.jpg|ka|jmpl|Presiden Maduro saat pelantikan keduanya pada 10 Januari 2019.]] |
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Tanda krisis yang pertama muncul pada saat Hakim Agung dan Hakim Pemilu yang dekat dengan Maduro pindah menetap di [[Amerika Serikat]] hanya beberapa hari sebelum [[pelantikan kedua Nicolás Maduro]], pada 10 Januari 2019. Hakim Pengadilan, Christian Zerpa, mengatakan bahwa pelantikan [[Nicolás Maduro]] tersebut "tidak berkompeten" dan "tidak sah".<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-46782539|title=Christian Zerpa, el juez afín a Maduro que huyó a Estados Unidos y denuncia falta de independencia del poder judicial de Venezuela|last=Redacción|date=7 January 2019|work=BBC News Mundo|access-date=11 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107185734/https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-46782539|archive-date=7 January 2019|dead-url=no}}</ref> Beberapa menit setelah Maduro mengambil sumpah sebagai presiden [[Venezuela]], [[Organisasi Negara-negara Amerika]] menyetujui sebuah resolusi dalam sesi khusus Dewan Permanennya yang menyatakan bahwa kepresidenan Maduro tidak sah dan mendesak pemilihan baru.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/venezuela/2019/01/10/en-vivo-la-oea-debate-en-sesion-extraordinaria-la-asuncion-de-nicolas-maduro/|title=La OEA aprobó la resolución que declara ilegítimo al nuevo gobierno de Nicolás Maduro|date=10 January 2019|work=Infobae|language=es|trans-title=The OAS approved the resolution that declared the new government of Nicolás Maduro illegitimate}}</ref> Pemilihan Maduro tersebut didukung oleh [[Turki]], [[Rusia]], [[Tiongkok]], dan Aliansi Bolivarian untuk Rakyat Kita ([[ALBA]]);<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.portalalba.org/index.php/articulos/politica-democracia/gobierno-y-democracia/19313-maduro-asumio-pese-a-eeuu-la-oea-la-ue-y-las-amenazas-de-la-oposicion|title=Maduro asumió pese a EEUU, la OEA, la UE y las amenazas de la oposición|website=Portalalba.org|access-date=12 January 2019|archive-date=2019-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112195249/http://www.portalalba.org/index.php/articulos/politica-democracia/gobierno-y-democracia/19313-maduro-asumio-pese-a-eeuu-la-oea-la-ue-y-las-amenazas-de-la-oposicion|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/01/venezuela-congress-leader-challenges-maduro-presidency-190111181122362.html|title=Venezuela Congress leader challenges Maduro's right to presidency - News|website=Aljazeera.com|accessdate=13 January 2019}}</ref> negara kecil [[Karibia]] lainnya yang bergantung pada bantuan ekonomi dari pemerintah Maduro (seperti [[Dominika]], [[Saint Kitts dan Nevis]], serta [[Trinidad dan Tobago]]) turut menghadiri pelantikannya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/12/29/680882589/as-maduro-makes-enemies-venezuelas-caribbean-allies-remain-in-his-camp|title=As Maduro Makes Enemies, Venezuela's Caribbean Allies Remain In His Camp|website=[[NPR]]|access-date=24 January 2019}}</ref> |
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Merah: Mengakui Maduro ]] |
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{{Clear}} |
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=== |
=== Keputusan publik === |
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[[Berkas:Juan Guaidó open cabildo 11 January 2019.jpg|kiri|jmpl|[[Juan Guaidó]] dikelilingi anggota oposisi pada 11 Januari 2019]] |
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'''Negara-negara PBB:'''{{Columns-list|*{{flag|Belarus}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eng.belta.by/president/view/lukashenko-calls-for-peaceful-settlement-in-venezuela-118231-2019/|title=Lukashenko calls for peaceful settlement in Venezuela|last=|first=|date=28 January 2019|website=Belarus Telegraphic Agency|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.belapan.by/archive/2019/01/29/en_990356_990357/|title=Lukashenka backs Maduro after hesitation|last=|first=|date=29 January 2019|website= BelaPAN |archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=31 January 2019}}</ref> |
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[[Juan Guaidó]], pemimpin [[Majelis Nasional (Venezuela)|Majelis Nasional Venezuela]] yang baru diangkat, mulai bergerak untuk membentuk pemerintahan transisi tak lama setelah ia diangkat pada 5 Januari 2019, dan menyatakan bahwa "terlepas dari apakah Maduro memulai masa jabatan barunya pada tanggal 10, negara itu tidak akan memiliki presiden yang terpilih secara sah".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asambleanacional.gob.ve/noticias/_asamblea-nacional-arranca-proceso-para-ley-de-transicion|title=Asamblea Nacional arranca proceso para Ley de Transicion|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109052303/http://www.asambleanacional.gob.ve/noticias/_asamblea-nacional-arranca-proceso-para-ley-de-transicion|archive-date=9 January 2019|dead-url=no|access-date=10 January 2019}}</ref> Atas nama Majelis Nasional, ia menyatakan bahwa negara tersebut telah jatuh ke dalam kediktatoran ''[[de facto]]'' dan tidak memiliki pemimpin,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/f1df9924783f49859874f5fc97f0f534|title=Isolation greets Maduro's new term as Venezuela's president|last=Smith|first=Scott|date=10 January 2019|website=AP News|access-date=11 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111004811/https://apnews.com/f1df9924783f49859874f5fc97f0f534|archive-date=11 January 2019|dead-url=no}}</ref> serta menyatakan bahwa negara tersebut menghadapi keadaan darurat.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=http://www.asambleanacional.gob.ve/noticias/_an-se-declara-en-emergencia-ante-la-usurpacion-de-nicolas-maduro-en-el-cargo-de-la-presidencia-de-la|title=AN se declara en emergencia ante la usurpación de Nicolás Maduro en el cargo de la Presidencia de la República|website=Asambleanacional.gob.ve|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111021840/http://www.asambleanacional.gob.ve/noticias/_an-se-declara-en-emergencia-ante-la-usurpacion-de-nicolas-maduro-en-el-cargo-de-la-presidencia-de-la|archive-date=11 January 2019|dead-url=no|access-date=10 January 2019}}</ref> Dia menyerukan akan adanya "tentara yang mengenakan seragam mereka dengan kehormatan untuk melangkah maju dan menegakkan Konstitusi", dan meminta "warga negara untuk memiliki rasa percaya diri, kekuatan, untuk menemani kita di jalan ini".<ref name=":2" /> |
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* {{flag|Bolivia}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Bolivia's Morales reaffirms backing for Venezuela's Maduro |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politics-bolivia/bolivias-morales-reaffirms-backing-for-venezuelas-maduro-idUSKCN1PH2NP |accessdate=27 January 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=23 January 2019 |language=en |quote=Bolivia’s leftist President Evo Morales affirmed his long-standing alliance with President Nicolas Maduro ... 'Our solidarity with the Venezuelan people and our brother Nicolas Maduro, in these decisive hours in which the claws of imperialism seek again to mortally wound the democracy and self-determination of the peoples of South America,' Morales said in the tweet.}}</ref> |
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* {{flag|Cambodia}}<ref>{{cite news |title=PM warns against foreign interference |url=https://www.khmertimeskh.com/572885/pm-warns-against-foreign-interference/ |accessdate=29 January 2019 |work=[[Khmer Times]] |date=27 January 2019}}</ref> |
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* {{flag|China}}<ref name="APsupMAD">{{cite news |last1=Vasilyeva |first1=Nataliya |title=Venezuela crisis: Familiar geopolitical sides take shape |url=https://www.apnews.com/6b7fa7cc566f486cb974362168f1d90d |accessdate=25 January 2019 |agency=Associated Press |date=24 January 2019 |quote=Russia, China, Iran, Syria and Cuba have come down on one side ...}}</ref> |
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* {{flag|Cuba}}<ref name="APsupMAD"/> |
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* {{flag|Dominica}}<ref name=OAS0124>{{cite web |title=Special Meeting of the Permanent Council Thursday January 24, 2019 |url=http://www.oas.org/en/media_center/webcast_schedule.asp |website=[[Organization of American States]] |accessdate=24 January 2019 |language=en |date=24 January 2019}}</ref> |
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* {{flag|El Salvador}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elmundo.sv/el-salvador-defendio-a-maduro-ante-la-oea/|title=El Salvador defendió a Maduro ante la OEA |website=elmundo.sv|accessdate=25 January 2019}}</ref>{{efn|El Salvador changed its mind several times. Initially supporting Maduro, an official statement released on 24 January said they recognized Guaidó; later that day another statement was released, reiterating their backing of Maduro.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elmundo.sv/asamblea-de-el-salvador-desconoce-a-maduro-y-respalda-a-guaido-en-venezuela/|title=Asamblea de El Salvador desconoce a Maduro y respalda a Guaidó en Venezuela|website=El Mundo|accessdate=25 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://efectococuyo.com/principales/el-salvador-expresa-su-apoyo-a-nicolas-maduro/|title=El Salvador expresa su apoyo a Nicolás Maduro|website=Efecto Cocuyo|accessdate=25 January 2019}}</ref>}} |
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* {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pdge-guineaecuatorial.com/manifiesto-de-solidaridad-con-el-partido-socialista-unido-de-venezuela-y-su-gobierno-legitimo/|title=Manifesto of Solidarity with United Socialist Party of Venezuela|website=PDGE Guinea Ecuatorial|accessdate=28 January 2019}}</ref> |
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* {{flag|Iran}}<ref name="APsupMAD"/> |
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* {{flag|Laos}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.correodelorinoco.gob.ve/viceministro-para-asia-medio-oriente-y-oceania-recibe-a-embajadora-designada-por-la-republica-democratica-popular-lao/|title=Viceministro para Asia, Medio Oriente y Oceanía recibe a Embajadora Designada por la República Democrática Popular Lao – Correo del Orinoco}}</ref>{{better source|date=January 2019}} |
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* {{flag|Nicaragua}}<ref name="U.S. Mission to the Organization of American States">{{cite web |last1=Trujillo |first1=Carlos |title=Permanent Council Approves Resolution to Not Recognize the Legitimacy of the Maduro Regime |url=https://usoas.usmission.gov/permanent-council-approves-resolution-to-not-recognize-the-legitimacy-of-the-maduro-regime/ |website=U.S. Mission to the Organization of American States |accessdate=16 January 2019 |language=en |date=10 January 2019}}</ref> |
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* {{flag|North Korea}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2019/01/28/North-Korea-throws-support-behind-Venezuelas-Maduro-regime/3891548692065/|title=North Korea throws support behind Venezuela's Maduro regime|website=UPI|accessdate=29 January 2019}}</ref> |
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* {{flag|Palestine}}<!--PALESTINE IS A UN OBSERVER; DO NOT MOVE TO "NON-UN STATES"--><ref name=PAL>{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20190125-hamas-plo-slam-slam-blatant-us-interference-in-venezuela-affairs/|title=Hamas, PLO slam ‘blatant US interference’ in Venezuela affairs|date=25 January 2019|website=Middle East Monitor}}</ref> |
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* {{flag|Russia}}<ref name="APsupMAD"/> |
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* {{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}<ref name="St Kitts & Nevis Observer">{{cite web |title=Prime Minister attends Venezuelan President Maduro’s inauguration |url=https://www.thestkittsnevisobserver.com/regional/prime-minister-attends-venezuelan-president-maduros-inauguration/ |website=St Kitts & Nevis Observer |accessdate=17 January 2019 |language=en |date=11 January 2019}}</ref> |
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* {{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}<ref name="U.S. Mission to the Organization of American States"/> |
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* {{flag|South Africa}}<ref>{{cite web |title=President Cyril Ramaphosa congratulates President of Venezuela on his inauguration {{!}} South African Government |url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-ramaphosa-congratulates-president-venezuela-he-mr-maduro-following-his |website=[[Government of South Africa]] |accessdate=20 January 2019}}</ref> |
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* {{flag|Suriname}}<ref name=OAS0124/> |
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* {{flag|Syria}}<ref name="APsupMAD"/> |
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* {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}<ref name="Trinidad & Tobago Guardian">{{cite web |last1=Christopher |first1=Peter |title=Local Venezuelans wary of T&T's support of Maduro |url=http://www.guardian.co.tt/news/local-venezuelans-wary-of-tts-support-of-maduro-6.2.754894.6c1574466d |website=Trinidad & Tobago Guardian |accessdate=14 January 2019 |language=en |date=11 January 2019}}</ref> |
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* {{flag|Turkey}}<ref name="APsupMAD"/>|colwidth=20em}} '''Negara-negara non-PBB:''' |
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== Pengakuan == |
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* [[null|pra=|tepi]] {{Flag|Abkhazia}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/Internacional/2019/01/10/933848/Quienes-fueron-los-particulares-invitados-en-la-cuestionada-toma-de-poder-de-Nicolas-Maduro.html|title=Osetia del Sur y Abjasia, los desconocidos "países" invitados a la toma de poder de Nicolás Maduro en Venezuela|date=10 January 2019|website=Emol|language=Spanish|trans-title=South Ossetia and Abkhazia, the unknown "countries" invited to the inauguration of Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela}}</ref> |
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[[Berkas:Venezuela president recognition map.svg|pus|jmpl|700px| |
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* [[null|pra=|tepi]] {{Flag|South Ossetia}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/2209603-osetia-del-sur-desconocido-pais-sin-reconocimiento|title=Osetia del Sur, el desconocido país sin reconocimiento que apoya a Venezuela|date=10 January 2019|publisher=''La Nación'' (Argentina)}}</ref> |
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Negara yang mengakui kekuasaan presidensial |
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<br/>'''Hitam''': [[Venezuela]] |
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<br/><span style="color:#0000cd">'''Biru'''</span>: Mengakui [[Juan Guaidó|Guaidó]] |
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<br/><span style="color:#4169e1">'''Biru muda'''</span>: Mendukung [[Majelis Nasional (Venezuela)|Majelis Nasional]] |
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<br/><span style="color:#FF0000">'''Merah'''</span>: Mengakui [[Nicolás Maduro|Maduro]] |
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<br/><span style="color:#696969">'''Abu-abu'''</span>: Netral |
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<br/><span style="color:#c0c0c0">'''Abu muda'''</span>: Tidak ada data |
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]] |
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=== Pengakuan Presidensial Maduro === |
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'''Organisasi antar-pemerintah:''' |
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==== Negara-negara PBB ==== |
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{{columns-list|colwidth=18em| |
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# {{flag|Belarus}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eng.belta.by/president/view/lukashenko-calls-for-peaceful-settlement-in-venezuela-118231-2019/|title=Lukashenko calls for peaceful settlement in Venezuela|date=28 January 2019|website=Belarus Telegraphic Agency|access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.belapan.by/archive/2019/01/29/en_990356_990357/|title=Lukashenka backs Maduro after hesitation|date=29 January 2019|website=BelaPAN|access-date=31 January 2019}}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Bolivia}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Bolivia's Morales reaffirms backing for Venezuela's Maduro |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politics-bolivia/bolivias-morales-reaffirms-backing-for-venezuelas-maduro-idUSKCN1PH2NP |accessdate=27 January 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=23 January 2019 |quote=Bolivia’s leftist President Evo Morales affirmed his long-standing alliance with President Nicolas Maduro ... 'Our solidarity with the Venezuelan people and our brother Nicolas Maduro, in these decisive hours in which the claws of imperialism seek again to mortally wound the democracy and self-determination of the peoples of South America,' Morales said in the tweet.}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Cambodia}}<ref>{{cite news |title=PM warns against foreign interference |url=https://www.khmertimeskh.com/572885/pm-warns-against-foreign-interference/ |accessdate=29 January 2019 |work=[[Khmer Times]] |date=27 January 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|China}}<ref name="APsupMAD">{{cite news |last1=Vasilyeva |first1=Nataliya |title=Venezuela crisis: Familiar geopolitical sides take shape |url=https://www.apnews.com/6b7fa7cc566f486cb974362168f1d90d |accessdate=25 January 2019 |agency=Associated Press |date=24 January 2019 |quote=Russia, China, Iran, Syria and Cuba have come down on one side ...}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Cuba}}<ref name="APsupMAD"/> |
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# {{flag|Dominica}}<ref name=OAS0124>{{cite web |title=Special Meeting of the Permanent Council Thursday January 24, 2019 |url=http://www.oas.org/en/media_center/webcast_schedule.asp |website=[[Organization of American States]] |accessdate=24 January 2019 |date=24 January 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|El Salvador}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elmundo.sv/el-salvador-defendio-a-maduro-ante-la-oea/|title=El Salvador defendió a Maduro ante la OEA|website=elmundo.sv|accessdate=25 January 2019|archive-date=2019-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524180312/https://elmundo.sv/el-salvador-defendio-a-maduro-ante-la-oea/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>{{efn|El Salvador changed its mind several times. Initially supporting Maduro, an official statement released on 24 January said they recognized Guaidó; later that day another statement was released, reiterating their backing of Maduro.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elmundo.sv/asamblea-de-el-salvador-desconoce-a-maduro-y-respalda-a-guaido-en-venezuela/|title=Asamblea de El Salvador desconoce a Maduro y respalda a Guaidó en Venezuela|website=El Mundo|accessdate=25 January 2019|archive-date=2019-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125020714/https://elmundo.sv/asamblea-de-el-salvador-desconoce-a-maduro-y-respalda-a-guaido-en-venezuela|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://efectococuyo.com/principales/el-salvador-expresa-su-apoyo-a-nicolas-maduro/|title=El Salvador expresa su apoyo a Nicolás Maduro|website=Efecto Cocuyo|accessdate=25 January 2019|archive-date=2019-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126000944/http://efectococuyo.com/principales/el-salvador-expresa-su-apoyo-a-nicolas-maduro/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>}} |
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# {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pdge-guineaecuatorial.com/manifiesto-de-solidaridad-con-el-partido-socialista-unido-de-venezuela-y-su-gobierno-legitimo/|title=Manifesto of Solidarity with United Socialist Party of Venezuela|website=PDGE Guinea Ecuatorial|accessdate=28 January 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Iran}}<ref name="APsupMAD"/> |
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# {{flag|Laos}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/china-back-venezuela-warns-consequences-1309716|title=China joins Russia in backing Venezuela against U.S. moves, warns of “serious consequences”|first=Tom O'Connor On 1/29/19 at 12:32|last=PM|date=29 January 2019|website=Newsweek|accessdate=15 February 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Nicaragua}}<ref name="U.S. Mission to the Organization of American States">{{cite web |last1=Trujillo |first1=Carlos |title=Permanent Council Approves Resolution to Not Recognize the Legitimacy of the Maduro Regime |url=https://usoas.usmission.gov/permanent-council-approves-resolution-to-not-recognize-the-legitimacy-of-the-maduro-regime/ |website=U.S. Mission to the Organization of American States |accessdate=16 January 2019 |date=10 January 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|North Korea}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2019/01/28/North-Korea-throws-support-behind-Venezuelas-Maduro-regime/3891548692065/|title=North Korea throws support behind Venezuela's Maduro regime|website=UPI|accessdate=29 January 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Palestine}}{{efn|Palestine is not placed under non-UN states because it is a UN observer.}}<ref name=PAL>{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20190125-hamas-plo-slam-slam-blatant-us-interference-in-venezuela-affairs/|title=Hamas, PLO slam ‘blatant US interference’ in Venezuela affairs|date=25 January 2019|website=Middle East Monitor}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Russia}}<ref name="APsupMAD"/> |
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# {{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}<ref name="St Kitts & Nevis Observer">{{cite web |title=Prime Minister attends Venezuelan President Maduro’s inauguration |url=https://www.thestkittsnevisobserver.com/regional/prime-minister-attends-venezuelan-president-maduros-inauguration/ |website=St Kitts & Nevis Observer |accessdate=17 January 2019 |date=11 January 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}<ref name="U.S. Mission to the Organization of American States"/> |
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# {{flag|Serbia}}<ref name="Newsweek">{{cite web |last1=O'Connor |first1=Tom |title=Russia says U.S. attempts to overthrow Venezuela using its own military are "unheard of" |url=https://www.newsweek.com/russia-us-overthrow-venezula-unheard-1326754 |website=Newsweek |accessdate=12 February 2019 |date=11 February 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|South Africa}}<ref>{{cite web |title=President Cyril Ramaphosa congratulates President of Venezuela on his inauguration {{!}} South African Government |url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-ramaphosa-congratulates-president-venezuela-he-mr-maduro-following-his |website=[[Government of South Africa]] |accessdate=20 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Statement by Ambassador Jerry Matjila, Permanent Representative of South Africa to the United Nations during the UN Security Council Meeting on Venezuela, 26 January 2019 |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/speeches/2019/matj0126.htm |website=[[Government of South Africa]] |accessdate=4 February 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Suriname}}<ref name=OAS0124/> |
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# {{flag|Syria}}<ref name="APsupMAD"/> |
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# {{flag|Turkey}}<ref name="APsupMAD"/> |
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# {{flag|Uruguay}}<ref name=UGUAYmaduro>{{cite web|url=https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/crisis-venezuela-canciller-uruguay-presidencia-maduro-legitima/|title=Canciller uruguayo asegura que presidencia de Maduro es legítima|date=12 February 2019|website=Noticieros Televisa|language=es-MX|access-date=13 February 2019}}</ref>{{efn|While Uruguay still recognizes Maduro as President, on 13 February the Uruguayan government released a joint statement with the Argentine government (who recognizes Guaidó) calling for new elections.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.infobae.com/politica/2019/02/13/argentina-y-uruguay-presionan-a-venezuela-por-elecciones-libres-y-coinciden-en-la-necesidad-de-la-ayuda-humanitaria/|title=Argentina y Uruguay presionan a Venezuela por elecciones libres y coinciden en la necesidad de la ayuda humanitaria|website=Infobae|language=es|date=13 February 2019|accessdate=14 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/politica/presidentes-Uruguay-Argentina-elecciones-Venezuela_0_867564251.html|title=Los presidentes de Uruguay y Argentina llaman a elecciones libres en Venezuela|website=El Diario|language=es|date=13 February 2019|accessdate=14 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldia.com/nota/2019-2-14-2-55-49-argentina-y-uruguay-piden-elecciones-libres-y-creibles-en-venezuela-el-mundo|title=Argentina y Uruguay piden elecciones libres y creíbles en Venezuela|website=El Día|language=es|date=14 February 2019|accessdate=14 February 2019}}</ref>}} |
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}} |
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====Negara-negara non-PBB===== |
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* [[null|pra=]] [[ALBA]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.portalalba.org/index.php/areas/integracion-regional/alba/19511-alba-reitera-su-apoyo-y-reconocimiento-al-presidente-nicolas-maduro-comunicado|title=ALBA reitera su apoyo y reconocimiento al presidente Nicolás Maduro|date=25 January 2019|publisher=[[ALBA]]}}</ref> |
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{{columns-list|colwidth=18em| |
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* {{flag|Abkhazia}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/Internacional/2019/01/10/933848/Quienes-fueron-los-particulares-invitados-en-la-cuestionada-toma-de-poder-de-Nicolas-Maduro.html|title=Osetia del Sur y Abjasia, los desconocidos "países" invitados a la toma de poder de Nicolás Maduro en Venezuela|trans-title=South Ossetia and Abkhazia, the unknown "countries" invited to the inauguration of Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela|website=Emol|language=Spanish|date=10 January 2019}}</ref> |
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* {{flag|Sahrawi Republic}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201901140151.html|title=Western Sahara: Sahrawi Delegation Participates in Inauguration of Venezuelan President|date=12 January 2019|work=AllAfrica|access-date=}}</ref> |
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* {{flag|South Ossetia}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/2209603-osetia-del-sur-desconocido-pais-sin-reconocimiento|title=Osetia del Sur, el desconocido país sin reconocimiento que apoya a Venezuela|trans-title=South Ossetia, the unknown country without recognition that supports Venezuela|date=10 January 2019|publisher=''La Nación'' (Argentina)|language=Spanish|access-date=2019-02-02|archive-date=2019-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110191525/https://www.lanacion.com.ar/2209603-osetia-del-sur-desconocido-pais-sin-reconocimiento|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |
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}} |
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==== Organisasi antar-pemerintah ==== |
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{{columns-list|colwidth=18em| |
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* [[Berkas:Emblem of the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas.svg|25px]] [[ALBA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.portalalba.org/index.php/areas/integracion-regional/alba/19511-alba-reitera-su-apoyo-y-reconocimiento-al-presidente-nicolas-maduro-comunicado|title=ALBA reitera su apoyo y reconocimiento al presidente Nicolás Maduro|date=25 January 2019|publisher=[[ALBA]]|access-date=2019-02-02|archive-date=2020-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117102353/http://www.portalalba.org/index.php/areas/integracion-regional/alba/19511-alba-reitera-su-apoyo-y-reconocimiento-al-presidente-nicolas-maduro-comunicado|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |
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* {{flagicon image|Flag of SADC.svg}} [[Southern African Development Community|SADC]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Solidarity Statement With The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Issued By The SADC Chairperson, His Excellency Dr. Hage G. Geingob, President of the Republic of Namibia |url=https://www.sadc.int/news-events/news/solidarity-statement-bolivarian-republic-venezuela-issued-sadc-chairperson-his-excellency-dr-hage-g-geingob-president-republic-n/ |website=[[Southern African Development Community]] |accessdate=11 February 2019 |date=10 February 2019}}</ref> |
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}} |
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==== Organisasi internasional ==== |
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{{columns-list|colwidth=18em| |
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* {{flagicon image|Flag of Hamas.svg}} [[Hamas]]<ref name="PAL"/> |
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* {{flag|Hezbollah}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Hezbollah condemns US interference in Venezuela |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20190126-hezbollah-condemns-us-interference-in-venezuela/ |website=[[Middle East Monitor]] |accessdate=27 January 2019 |date=26 January 2019}}</ref> |
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}} |
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==== Organisasi dalam negeri ==== |
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* [[Berkas:PDV S.A. logo.svg|25px]] [[PDVSA]]<ref name="PDVSA Maduro">{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/01/24/reuters-america-guaido-vs-maduro-who-backs-venezuelas-two-presidents.html |title=Guaido vs Maduro: Who backs Venezuela’s two presidents? |quote=State oil company PDVSA, which accounts for most of Venezuela’s export earnings, stood by Maduro. “We have no other president” besides Maduro, said PDVSA President and Oil Minister Manuel Quevedo, a career military officer. |website=cnbc.com |date=24 January 2019 |access-date=2019-02-02 |archive-date=2019-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127205654/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/01/24/reuters-america-guaido-vs-maduro-who-backs-venezuelas-two-presidents.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |
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==== Kelompok militer ==== |
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* [[null|pra=|tepi]] [[Hamas]] |
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{{columns-list|colwidth=18em| |
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* [[null|pra=|tepi]] {{Flag|Hezbollah}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20190126-hezbollah-condemns-us-interference-in-venezuela/|title=Hezbollah condemns US interference in Venezuela|date=26 January 2019|website=[[Middle East Monitor]]|access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref> |
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* [[Colectivo (Venezuela)|Colectivos]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/23/venezuela-protests-thousands-march-against-maduro-as-opposition-sees-chance-for-change|title=Venezuela protests: thousands march as military faces call to abandon Maduro|last=Daniels|first=Joe|date=23 January 2019|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=|quote=Maduro has accused the opposition of fomenting violence. “I demand the full rigor of the law against the fascists,” he said on Tuesday night. His allies have also threatened the use of armed pro-government militias—known as colectivos—to quell disturbances.}}</ref> |
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** [[La Piedrita]] |
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'''Domestik/dalam negeri:''' |
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** {{flagicon image|Tupamaro flag.png}} [[Tupamaro (Venezuela)|Tupamaro]] |
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*{{flagicon image|Flag of ELN.svg}} [[National Liberation Army (Colombia)|National Liberation Army]]<ref name=":20">{{cite news |last1=Charles |first1=Mathew |title=ELN interview: Colombian Marxist guerrillas 'will fight' US troops if they invade Venezuela |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/02/02/eln-interview-colombian-marxist-guerrillas-will-fight-us-troops/ |accessdate=2 February 2019 |work=[[The Telegraph]] |date=2 February 2019}}</ref> |
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* [[null|pra=]] [[PDVSA]] <ref name="PDVSA Maduro">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/01/24/reuters-america-guaido-vs-maduro-who-backs-venezuelas-two-presidents.html|title=Guaido vs Maduro: Who backs Venezuela’s two presidents?|date=24 January 2019|website=cnbc.com|quote=State oil company PDVSA, which accounts for most of Venezuela’s export earnings, stood by Maduro. “We have no other president” besides Maduro, said PDVSA President and Oil Minister Manuel Quevedo, a career military officer.}}</ref> |
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* [[Wagner Group]] {{small|(disputed)}}<ref name="WAGNER">{{cite news |last1=Tsvetkova |first1=Maria |last2=Zverev |first2=Anton |title=Exclusive: Kremlin-linked contractors help guard Venezuela's Maduro... |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politics-russia-exclusive/exclusive-kremlin-linked-contractors-help-guard-venezuelas-maduro-sources-idUSKCN1PJ22M |accessdate=26 January 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=25 January 2019}}</ref> |
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}} |
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'''Kelompok lainnya''' |
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* Grup Wagner <small>(disengketakan)</small> <ref name="WAGNER">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politics-russia-exclusive/exclusive-kremlin-linked-contractors-help-guard-venezuelas-maduro-sources-idUSKCN1PJ22M|title=Exclusive: Kremlin-linked contractors help guard Venezuela's Maduro...|last=Tsvetkova|first=Maria|date=25 January 2019|work=[[Reuters]]|last2=Zverev|first2=Anton|language=en|access-date=26 January 2019}}</ref> |
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* Colectivos <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/23/venezuela-protests-thousands-march-against-maduro-as-opposition-sees-chance-for-change|title=Venezuela protests: thousands march as military faces call to abandon Maduro|last=Daniels|first=Joe|date=23 January 2019|work=[[The Guardian]]|quote=Maduro has accused the opposition of fomenting violence. “I demand the full rigor of the law against the fascists,” he said on Tuesday night. His allies have also threatened the use of armed pro-government militias—known as colectivos—to quell disturbances.|access-date=}}</ref> |
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** La Piedrita |
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** [[null|pra=|tepi]]Tupamaro |
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=== Presiden sementara Guaidó === |
=== Presiden sementara Guaidó === |
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'''Negara asing:''' {{columns-list|colwidth=18em| |
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'''Negara asing:''' {{Columns-list|* {{flag|Albania}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ediramaal/status/1088352958645968896|title=#Albania recognizes Juan Guaidó as the Interim President of Venezuela. On behalf of the people of #Albania I wish to @JGuaido and the brave venezuelans to succeed in getting rid of the illegitimate power that has turned their country in a hell for its own people #VenezuelaLibre|first=Edi|last=Rama|date=24 January 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|accessdate=24 January 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Albania}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ediramaal/status/1088352958645968896|title=#Albania recognizes Juan Guaidó as the Interim President of Venezuela. On behalf of the people of #Albania I wish to @JGuaido and the brave venezuelans to succeed in getting rid of the illegitimate power that has turned their country in a hell for its own people #VenezuelaLibre|first=Edi|last=Rama|date=24 January 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=24 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="MorinaVenezuela"/> |
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* {{flag|Argentina}}<ref name=OAS16>{{cite web |title=PRONUNCIAMIENTO DE APOYO A GOBIERNO DE TRANSICION EN VENEZUELA |url=http://eeoea.mrecic.gov.ar/userfiles/2018/pronunciamiento_de_apoyo_a_gobierno_de_transicion_en_venezuela_1-23-2019.docx|website=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship|Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto]]|publisher=[[Government of Argentina]] |accessdate=25 January 2019|quote=The delegations of Argentina, Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, the United States, Honduras, Guatemala, Haiti, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and the Dominican Republic reaffirm the right to democracy enjoyed by the peoples of the Americas ... In this context, we recognize and express our full support to the President of the National Assembly, Juan Guaidó, who has assumed the role of President in charge of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, in accordance with the constitutional norms and the illegitimacy of the Nicolás Maduro regime.}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Andorra}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.diariandorra.ad/noticies/nacional/2019/02/05/el_govern_reconeix_guaido_com_president_venecola_141582_1125.html|title=Andorra reconeix Guaidó com a president veneçolà|first=Redacció, Agències, Andorra la|last=Vella|date=5 February 2019|website=DiariAndorra.ad|accessdate=15 February 2019}}</ref> |
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* {{flag|Australia}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Statement on Venezuela |url=https://dfat.gov.au/news/news/Pages/statement-on-venezuela.aspx |website=[[Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia)|Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade]] |publisher=[[Government of Australia]] |accessdate=28 January 2019 |language=en-us |quote=Australia recognises and supports the President of the National Assembly, Juan Guaidó, in assuming the position of interim president}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Argentina}}<ref name=OAS16>{{cite web |title=Pronunciamento de Apoyo a Gobierno de Transicion en Venezuela |url=http://eeoea.mrecic.gov.ar/userfiles/2018/pronunciamiento_de_apoyo_a_gobierno_de_transicion_en_venezuela_1-23-2019.docx|website=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship|Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto]]|publisher=[[Government of Argentina]] |access-date=25 January 2019|quote=The delegations of Argentina, Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, the United States, Honduras, Guatemala, Haiti, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and the Dominican Republic reaffirm the right to democracy enjoyed by the peoples of the Americas ... In this context, we recognize and express our full support to the President of the National Assembly, Juan Guaidó, who has assumed the role of President in charge of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, in accordance with the constitutional norms and the illegitimacy of the Nicolás Maduro regime.}}</ref> |
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* {{flag|Bahamas}}<ref name=OAS16/> |
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# {{flag|Australia}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Statement on Venezuela |url=https://dfat.gov.au/news/news/Pages/statement-on-venezuela.aspx |website=[[Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia)|Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade]] |publisher=[[Government of Australia]] |access-date=28 January 2019 |quote=Australia recognises and supports the President of the National Assembly, Juan Guaidó, in assuming the position of interim president}}</ref> |
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* {{flag|Brazil}}<ref name=OAS16/> |
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# {{flag|Austria}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Austria recognizes Guaido as interim president of Venezuela: Kurz |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politics-eu-austria/austria-recognizes-guaido-as-interim-president-of-venezuela-kurz-idUSKCN1PT0RP |access-date=4 February 2019 |work=Reuters |date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/sebastiankurz/status/1092350419601375233|title=El régimen de #Maduro se ha negado hasta la fecha a aceptar unas elecciones presidenciales libres y justas. Por este motivo, consideramos desde este momento al Presidente @jguaido como Presidente interino legítimo de conformidad con la Constitución venezolana.|first=Sebastian|last=Kurz|language=Spanish|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=4 February 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/> |
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* {{flag|Canada}}<ref name=OAS16/> |
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# {{flag|Bahamas}}<ref name=OAS16/> |
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# {{flag|Belgium}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/dreynders/status/1092428355587264513|title=We steunen @jguaido in zijn opdracht om vrije en transparante verkiezingen te organiseren, zodat de bevolking zich vrij kan uitspreken en zodat er in #Venezuela verzoening kan komen. We steunen de contactgroep, opgericht met de #EU, in deze overgangsperiode.|first=Didier|last=Reynders|language=Dutch|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/> |
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* {{flag|Colombia}}<ref name=OAS16/> |
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# {{flag|Brazil}}<ref name=OAS16/> |
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# {{flag|Bulgaria}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mfa.bg/bg/news/20455|title=Позиция на МВнР|website=www.mfa.bg|accessdate=15 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/EZaharievaMFA/status/1093122438014160896|title=Today the #Bulgarian government decided to officially support and accept @jguaido as acting President of #Venezuela. We need a new democratic presidential vote. Committed to the better future of the people of 🇻🇪. Looking forward to the first meeting of the EU-driven #ContactGroup|first=Ekaterina|last=Zaharieva|date=6 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=6 February 2019}}</ref>{{efn|The Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs has recognized Guaidó, but the [[President of Bulgaria]], has issued a statement condemning the foreign ministry's position, critisicing the EU's recognition of Guaidó and urging neturality<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mediapool.bg/radev-poiska-bulgaria-da-ne-podkrepya-opozitsiyata-vav-venetsuela-news289452.html|title=Радев поиска България да не подкрепя опозицията във Венецуела|website=Mediapool.bg|accessdate=15 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://offnews.bg/politika/radev-pak-razkritikuva-pravitelstvoto-za-venetcuela-697142.html|title=Радев пак разкритикува правителството за Венецуела | Политика|website=offnews.bg|accessdate=15 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://offnews.bg/politika/radev-poiska-da-ne-podkrepiame-evropejskata-pozitcia-za-situatciata-va-696911.html|title=Радев поиска да не подкрепяме европейската позиция за ситуацията във Венецуела | Политика|website=offnews.bg|accessdate=15 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.webcafe.bg/newscafe/politika/id_1347049804_Radev_iska_Bulgaria_da_se_vazdarji_ot_pozitsiya_za_Venetsuela|title=Радев иска България да се въздържи от позиция за Венецуела | webcafe.bg|website=www.webcafe.bg|accessdate=15 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vesti.bg/bulgaria/radev-atakuva-borisov-sravni-bylgariia-s-venecuela-6091831|title=Радев атакува Борисов, сравни България с Венецуела|website=Vesti.bg|accessdate=15 February 2019}}</ref>}} |
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* {{flag|Denmark}}<ref name="POLITICO">{{cite web |last1=Hanke |first1=Jakob |last2=von der Burchard |first2=Hans |title=Brussels caught off-guard by Venezuela’s political turmoil |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/brussels-caught-off-guard-by-venezuelas-political-turmoil-nicolas-maduro/ |website=POLITICO |accessdate=26 January 2019 |language=en |date=24 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="The Tribune">{{cite web |title=The Latest |url=http://www.tribtown.com/2019/01/24/lt-venezuela-political-crisis-the-latest-5/ |website=The Tribune |accessdate=24 January 2019 |language=en |date=24 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="CPH Post">{{cite web |last1=W |first1=Christian |title=International News in Brief: Denmark backs Venezuelan opposition in wake of coup attempt – The Post |url=http://cphpost.dk/news/international-news-in-brief-denmark-backs-venezuelan-opposition-in-wake-of-coup-attempt.html |website=CPH Post |accessdate=26 January 2019 |language=en |date=24 January 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Canada}}<ref name=OAS16/> |
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# {{flag|Chile}}<ref name=OAS16/> |
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# {{flag|Colombia}}<ref name=OAS16/> |
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* {{flag|Georgia}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Mamuka Bakhtadze: Georgia recognizes Juan Guaido as Interim President of Venezuela and supports courageous people of Venezuela in their fight for democracy |url=https://1tv.ge/en/news/mamuka-bakhtadze-georgia-recognizes-juan-guaido-as-interim-president-of-venezuela-and-supports-the-courageous-people-of-venezuela-in-their-fight-for-democracy/ |accessdate=24 January 2019 |work=1TV |date=24 January 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Costa Rica}}<ref name=OAS16/> |
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# {{flag|Croatia}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/MVEP_hr/status/1092490178743160832 |title=RH podupire demokratski izabrana tijela Venezuele i pridružuje se zemljama članicama EU u izjavi. U skladu s Ustavom potrebno je provesti slobodne, pravedne i demokratske predsjedničke izbore. |author=MVEP/MFEA |language=Croatian |date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/PolandMFA/status/1092366807279779840 |title=Phone call between FMs #Czaputowicz and Roberto Ampuero Espinoza...The chief of Polish diplomacy told that in view of Nicolas Maduro’s ailure to call early presidential elections, Poland intended to recognize @jguaido, as..interim president |author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Poland|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/> |
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* {{flag|Haiti}}<ref name=OAS16/> |
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# {{flag|Czech Republic}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/TPetricek/status/1092417334873075712|title=I welcome that the Government of the Czech Republic recognizes Juan #Guaidó as Interim President of #Venezuela who should lead his country to the democratic elections.|first=Tomáš|last=Petříček|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/> |
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* {{flag|Honduras}}<ref name=OAS16/> |
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# {{flag|Denmark}}<ref name=Europe>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/04/juan-guaido-interim-venezuela-leader-europe|title=EU countries recognise Juan Guaidó as interim Venezuelan leader |website=The Guardian |access-date=4 February 2019 |quote=European countries including Spain, France, the UK, Sweden and Denmark have recognised Juan Guaidó as interim president of Venezuela in a coordinated move made after a deadline for Nicolás Maduro to call presidential elections expired.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/anderssamuelsen/status/1092356756364238848|title=Denmark recognises the President of the National Assembly @jguaido as the interim President of #Venezuela until new free and democratic elections take place. Applaud similar statements from key EU partners. Important EU statement coming up #dkpol|first=Anders|last=Samuelsen|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=4 February 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/> |
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* {{flag|Hungary}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kormany.hu/en/the-prime-minister/news/hungary-supports-the-spanish-position-on-venezuela|title=Hungary supports the Spanish position on Venezuela|website=Website of the Hungarian Government}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Dominican Republic}}<ref name=OAS16/> |
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* {{flag|Israel}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Israel recognizes Guaido as leader of Venezuela |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politics-israel/israel-recognizes-guaido-as-leader-of-venezuela-idUSKCN1PL0I8 |accessdate=27 January 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=27 January 2019 |language=en |quote='Israel joins the United States, Canada, most of the countries of Latin America and countries in Europe in recognizing the new leadership in Venezuela,' said Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in a statement.}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Ecuador}}<ref name=OAS16/> |
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* {{flag|Morocco}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1155036/venezuela-le-maroc-apporte-son-soutien-au-president-autoproclame-juan-guaido.html|title=Venezuela : Le Maroc apporte son soutien au président autoproclamé Juan Guaido|language=French|website=L'Orient le jour|accessdate=29 January 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Estonia}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/MFAestonia/status/1092408296261197824|title=Estonia recognises Juan Guaidó as the Interim President of #Venezuela, people of Venezuela have inalienable right to freely & democratically choose their leaders and to decide about their own future. We expect @jguaido to call for new, free and fair presidential elections.|author=Estonian MFA|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/> |
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* {{flag|Panama}}<ref name=OAS16/> |
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# {{flag|Finland}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Ulkoministerio/status/1092415026156183553|title=FM #Soini: To support the constitutional process in Venezuela, Finland supports Guaido as interim President of Venezuela.|author=ulkoministeriö(Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland)|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/> |
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* {{flag|Paraguay}}<ref name=OAS16/> |
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# {{flag|France}}<ref name=Europe/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/EmmanuelMacron/status/1092359993741983745|title=Les Vénézuéliens ont le droit de s’exprimer librement et démocratiquement. La France reconnaît @jguaido comme " président en charge " pour mettre en œuvre un processus électoral. Nous soutenons le Groupe de contact, créé avec l’UE, dans cette période de transition.|first=Emmanuel|last=Macron|language=French|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=4 February 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/> |
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* {{flag|Peru}}<ref name=OAS16/> |
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# {{flag|Georgia}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Mamuka Bakhtadze: Georgia recognizes Juan Guaido as Interim President of Venezuela and supports courageous people of Venezuela in their fight for democracy |url=https://1tv.ge/en/news/mamuka-bakhtadze-georgia-recognizes-juan-guaido-as-interim-president-of-venezuela-and-supports-the-courageous-people-of-venezuela-in-their-fight-for-democracy/ |access-date=24 January 2019 |work=1TV |date=24 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/BakhtadzeMamuka/status/1088388084360712193|title=🇬🇪 recognizes @jguaido as Interim President of #Venezuela. We express hope that @AsambleaVE will establish a transitional government, prepare free & fair elections & ensure peaceful transition of power. 🇬🇪 supports the courageous people of Venezuela in their fight for democracy.|first=Mamuka|last=Bakhtadze|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=24 January 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref> |
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* {{flag|Portugal}}<ref name="The Tribune"/> |
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# {{flag|Germany}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Germany Recognises Guaido as Legitimate Interim President of Venezuela |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2019/02/04/world/europe/04reuters-venezuela-politics-germany.html |access-date=4 February 2019 |work=NY Times |date=4 February 2019 |archive-date=2019-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204175941/https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2019/02/04/world/europe/04reuters-venezuela-politics-germany.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/RegSprecher/status/1092381309715009537|title=Kanzlerin #Merkel zu #Venezuela: Juan #Guaidó ist aus deutscher Sicht der legitime Interimspräsident für die Aufgabe, einen Wahlprozess zu initiieren. Wir hoffen, dass sich dieser Prozess möglichst kurz und friedlich gestaltet.|first=Steffen|last=Seibert|language=German|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/> |
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* {{flag|United States}}<ref name=OAS16/>|colwidth=20em}} '''Negara-negara non-PBB:''' |
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# {{flag|Guatemala}}<ref name=OAS16/> |
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# {{flag|Haiti}}<ref name=OAS16/> |
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# {{flag|Honduras}}<ref name=OAS16/> |
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# {{flag|Hungary}}<ref name=Poland>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/PolandMFA/status/1092474853297438720|title=Joint declaration on #Venezuela|author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Poland|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=4 February 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kormany.hu/en/the-prime-minister/news/hungary-supports-the-spanish-position-on-venezuela|title=Hungary supports the Spanish People’s Party’s position with relation to Venezuela|website=Website of the Hungarian Government|date=31 January 2019|access-date=31 January 2019|archive-date=2020-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811184157/https://www.kormany.hu/en/the-prime-minister/news/hungary-supports-the-spanish-position-on-venezuela|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Iceland}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/GudlaugurThor/status/1092497534415704065|title=Iceland supports @jguaido as the Interim President of Venezuela. Free and fair elections should now be called and the will of the people respected.|first=Guðlaugur|last=Þór|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Ireland}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/dfatirl/status/1093137213381054464|title=Tánaiste @simoncoveney announces Ireland's support for Mr. Juan Guaidó. Full statement available at..|author=Irish Foreign Ministry|date=6 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=6 February 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Israel}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Israel recognizes Guaido as leader of Venezuela |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politics-israel/israel-recognizes-guaido-as-leader-of-venezuela-idUSKCN1PL0I8 |access-date=27 January 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=27 January 2019 |quote='Israel joins the United States, Canada, most of the countries of Latin America and countries in Europe in recognizing the new leadership in Venezuela,' said Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in a statement.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/IsraeliPM/status/1089536952532115457|title=Israel joins the United States, Canada, most of the countries of Latin America and countries in Europe in recognizing the new leadership in Venezuela.|author=PM of Israel|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=27 January 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Italy}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://eltiempo.com.ve/2019/02/13/gobierno-italiano-reconocio-a-guaido-como-presidente/ |title=Gobierno italiano reconoció a Guaidó como presidente |access-date=13 February 2019 |work=[[El Tiempo (Anzoátegui)|El Tiempo]] |date=13 February 2019 |language=es |quote='El diputado de Forza Italia adscrito a la Comisión de Relaciones Exteriores, Guglielmo Picchi, informó este miércoles que el gobierno italiano reconoce a Juan Guaidó como presidente interino de Venezuela. |archive-date=2020-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023211738/https://eltiempo.com.ve/2019/02/13/gobierno-italiano-reconocio-a-guaido-como-presidente/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Latvia}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/edgarsrinkevics/status/1092356623585157120|title=Latvia recognises and supports Mr. Juan Guaidó, President of the democratically elected National Assembly, as President ad interim of #Venezuela. We call for free, fair and democratic presidential elections @jguaido|first=Edgars|last=Rinkēvičs|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/> |
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# {{flag|Lithuania}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/LinkeviciusL/status/1092363337864757248|title=#Lithuania joins other #EU MS in supporting & acknowledging @jguaido, President of @AsambleaVE, as VZ President ad interim. We expect free & democratic elections, strongly support ICG, initiated by EU. Democracy & rule of law in #Venezuela must be restored, human rights protected|first=Linas|last=Linkevicius|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/> |
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# {{flag|Luxembourg}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/MFA_Lu/status/1092422318058627072|title=Jean #Asselborn: like most #EU partners #Luxembourg recognizes the President of the democratically elected National Assembly Juan #Guaidó as interim President of #Venezuela with the authority to implement process leading to free, fair & democratic presidential elections @jguaido|author=MFA Luxembourg|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/> |
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# {{flag|Malta}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.mt/en/Government/DOI/Press%20Releases/Pages/2019/February/05/pr190220.aspx|title=Statement by the Government of Malta|author=Government of Malta|date=5 February 2019|publisher=Government of Malta|access-date=5 February 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Marshall Islands}}<ref name="RNZ">{{cite web |title=Marshall Islands recognises Venezuela's Juan Guaido |url=https://amp.rnz.co.nz/article/a96ad67c-717a-4f4b-8e7d-276f7f2e5ab6 |website=RNZ |accessdate=9 February 2019 |date=7 February 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Montenegro}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mvp.gov.me/en/news/195924/Montenegro-supports-the-position-of-European-partners-on-the-need-for-holding-free-and-democratic-elections-in-Venezuela.html|title=Montenegro supports the position of European partners on the need for holding free and democratic elections in Venezuela|date=6 February 2019|publisher=MVP(Ministry of Foreign Affairs)|access-date=6 February 2019|archive-date=2019-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207020512/http://www.mvp.gov.me/en/news/195924/Montenegro-supports-the-position-of-European-partners-on-the-need-for-holding-free-and-democratic-elections-in-Venezuela.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Morocco}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1155036/venezuela-le-maroc-apporte-son-soutien-au-president-autoproclame-juan-guaido.html|title=Venezuela : Le Maroc apporte son soutien au président autoproclamé Juan Guaido|language=French|website=L'Orient le jour|access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Netherlands}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ministerBlok/status/1092372480763838465|title=The eight-day period to call for free democratic and transparent elections in Venezuela expired today. The Kingdom of the Netherlands recognizes @jguaido as interim-President of Venezuela. We want freedom and democracy to return to Venezuela asap.|first=Stef|last=Blok|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/> |
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# {{flag|North Macedonia}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Dimitrov_Nikola/status/1092456519323537408|title=The Republic of Macedonia, in line with its European partners, supports and considers the President of the Venezuelan Assembly, @jguaido as Interim President, in accordance with the Constitution, in order to organize free, fair and democratic presidential elections.|first=Nikola|last=Dimitrov|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Panama}}<ref name=OAS16/> |
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# {{flag|Paraguay}}<ref name=OAS16/> |
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# {{flag|Peru}}<ref name=OAS16/> |
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# {{flag|Poland}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/PolandMFA/status/1092366807279779840|title=Phone call between FMs #Czaputowicz and Roberto Ampuero Espinoza...The chief of Polish diplomacy told that in view of Nicolas Maduro’s failure to call early presidential elections, Poland intended to recognize @jguaido, as..interim president.|author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Poland|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/> |
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# {{flag|Portugal}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/govpt/status/1092461866440445952 |title=more Portugal reconhece Juan Guaidó como Presidente interino da Venezuela em declaração do Ministro dos @ nestrangeiro_pt|author=RepúblicaPortuguesa|language=Portuguese|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/> |
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# {{flag|Romania}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.g4media.ro/breaking-romania-il-recunoaste-pe-juan-guaido-ca-presedinte-interimar-al-venezuelei-comunicat-al-administratia-prezidentiala.html |title=România îl recunoaște pe Juan Guaidó ca Președinte interimar al Venezuelei – comunicat al Administrației Prezidențiale |work=G4Media |author=Mihai Roman |language=Romanian |date=8 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/KlausIohannis/status/1093807210474471424|title=Romania officially recognized Juan Guaidó as interim president of # Venezuela.|first=Klaus|last=Iohannis|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=8 February 2019|access-date=9 February 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Slovenia}}<ref name=Europe/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.sta.si/2605963/slovenia-recognises-juan-guaido-as-interim-president-of-venezuela|title=STA: Slovenia recognises Juan Guaido as interim president of Venezuela|website=english.sta.si|accessdate=15 February 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Spain}}<ref name=Europe/><ref name=Poland/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/sanchezcastejon/status/1092349110617849856|title=Reconozco como presidente encargado de Venezuela a @jguaido, con un horizonte claro: la convocatoria de elecciones presidenciales libres, democráticas, con garantías y sin exclusiones. No daré ni un paso atrás. Por la libertad, la democracia y la concordia en #Venezuela|first=Pedro|last=Sanchez|language=Spanish|date=4 February 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Sweden}}<ref name=Europe/><ref name=Poland/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/margotwallstrom/status/1092425826488983552|title=Sweden supports and acknowledges Juan Guaidó as the Interim President of Venezuela, in accordance with the country’s constitution, free and fair elections should now be called.|first=Margot|last=Wallstroem|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=4 February 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Ukraine}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Відповідь Речниці МЗС України Катерини Зеленко для ЗМІ щодо політичної кризи у Венесуелі |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/ua/press-center/briefing/1317-vidpovidy-rechnici-mzs-ukrajini-katerini-zelenko-dlya-zmi-shhodo-politichnoji-krizi-u-venesujeli |accessdate=4 February 2019 |archive-date=2019-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207072227/https://mfa.gov.ua/ua/press-center/briefing/1317-vidpovidy-rechnici-mzs-ukrajini-katerini-zelenko-dlya-zmi-shhodo-politichnoji-krizi-u-venesujeli |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=MFA: Ukraine backs Venezuelan opposition leader |url=https://www.unian.info/politics/10433733-mfa-ukraine-backs-venezuelan-opposition-leader.html |accessdate=4 February 2019 |work=www.unian.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/world/wall-street-journal-juan-guaido-recognized-as-venezuelas-president-by-major-eu-countries.html |
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|title=Wall Street Journal: Juan Guaidó recognized as Venezuela’s president by major EU countries |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=4 February 2019 |publisher=Wall Street Journal |via=[[Kyiv Post]] |accessdate=4 February 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|United Kingdom}}<ref name=Europe/><ref name=Poland/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Jeremy_Hunt/status/1092349500688158720|title=Nicolas Maduro has not called Presidential elections within 8 day limit we have set. So UK alongside European allies now recognises @jguaido as interim constitutional president until credible elections can be held. Let’s hope this takes us closer to ending humanitarian crisis|first=Jeremy|last=Hunt|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=4 February 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|United States}}<ref name=OAS16/> |
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}}|colwidth=20em}} |
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==== Negara-negara non-PBB ==== |
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* {{Flag|Kosovo}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gazetaexpress.com/en/news/kosovo-recognises-venezuela-opposition-leader-as-president-174803/|title=Kosovo recognises Venezuela opposition leader as president|website=www.gazetaexpress.com|access-date=2019-02-02|archive-date=2019-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124203315/https://www.gazetaexpress.com/en/news/kosovo-recognises-venezuela-opposition-leader-as-president-174803/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |
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==== Organisasi antar-pemerintah ==== |
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* [[null|pra=|tepi]] {{Flag|Kosovo}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gazetaexpress.com/en/news/kosovo-recognises-venezuela-opposition-leader-as-president-174803/|title=Kosovo recognises Venezuela opposition leader as president|website=www.gazetaexpress.com}}</ref> |
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* [[Parlemen Eropa]] <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politics-eu/eu-parliament-recognizes-guaido-as-venezuelan-interim-president-idUSKCN1PP1HQ|title=EU parliament recognizes Guaido as Venezuelan interim president|date=31 January 2019|work=[[Reuters]]|language=en|access-date=31 January 2019}}</ref> |
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'''Organisasi antar-pemerintah:''' |
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* [[null|pra=]] [[Parlemen Eropa]] <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politics-eu/eu-parliament-recognizes-guaido-as-venezuelan-interim-president-idUSKCN1PP1HQ|title=EU parliament recognizes Guaido as Venezuelan interim president|date=31 January 2019|work=[[Reuters]]|language=en|access-date=31 January 2019}}</ref> |
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* Kelompok Lima <ref name="Miami Herald">{{Cite web|url=https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/venezuela/article223932475.html|title=Lima Group says it won't recognize Maduro's new term as president of Venezuela|last=Wyss|first=Jim|date=4 January 2019|website=Miami Herald|language=en|access-date=14 January 2019}}</ref> {{efn|Excluding Mexico.}} |
* Kelompok Lima <ref name="Miami Herald">{{Cite web|url=https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/venezuela/article223932475.html|title=Lima Group says it won't recognize Maduro's new term as president of Venezuela|last=Wyss|first=Jim|date=4 January 2019|website=Miami Herald|language=en|access-date=14 January 2019}}</ref> {{efn|Excluding Mexico.}} |
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==== Organisasi-organisasi ==== |
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* Inter-American Development Bank <ref name="Twitter">{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/MorenoBID/status/1088216692944224256|title=El BID manifiesta su voluntad de trabajar con el Presidente Interino de Venezuela, Juan Guaidó, para asegurar la continuidad de nuestro apoyo al desarrollo del pueblo venezolano|last=Moreno|first=Luis Alberto|date=23 January 2019|website=Twitter|language=es|access-date=24 January 2019}}</ref> |
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* [[null|pra=]] Inter-American Development Bank <ref name="Twitter">{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/MorenoBID/status/1088216692944224256|title=El BID manifiesta su voluntad de trabajar con el Presidente Interino de Venezuela, Juan Guaidó, para asegurar la continuidad de nuestro apoyo al desarrollo del pueblo venezolano|last=Moreno|first=Luis Alberto|date=23 January 2019|website=Twitter|language=es|access-date=24 January 2019}}</ref> |
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* [[Sosialis Internasional]] <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://rpp.pe/mundo/venezuela/la-internacional-socialista-reconoce-los-esfuerzos-de-juan-guaido-y-pide-elecciones-en-venezuela-noticia-1178071|title=La Internacional Socialista reconoce los esfuerzos de Juan Guaidó y pide elecciones en Venezuela|date=30 January 2019|work=[[Radio Programas del Perú|RPP]]|language=es|access-date=31 January 2019}}</ref> |
* [[Sosialis Internasional]] <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://rpp.pe/mundo/venezuela/la-internacional-socialista-reconoce-los-esfuerzos-de-juan-guaido-y-pide-elecciones-en-venezuela-noticia-1178071|title=La Internacional Socialista reconoce los esfuerzos de Juan Guaidó y pide elecciones en Venezuela|date=30 January 2019|work=[[Radio Programas del Perú|RPP]]|language=es|access-date=31 January 2019}}</ref> |
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==== Domestik/dalam negeri ==== |
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* Komite Kreditor Venezuela <ref name="ab">{{Cite web|url=http://efectococuyo.com/politica/comite-de-acreedores-de-venezuela-asegura-que-no-negociara-con-el-regimen-actual/|title=Comité de Acreedores de Venezuela asegura que no negociará con el "régimen actual"|website=Efecto Cocuyo|language=es|access-date=12 January 2019|archive-date=2019-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415064415/http://efectococuyo.com/politica/comite-de-acreedores-de-venezuela-asegura-que-no-negociara-con-el-regimen-actual/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |
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* Komite Kreditor Venezuela <ref name="ab">{{Cite web|url=http://efectococuyo.com/politica/comite-de-acreedores-de-venezuela-asegura-que-no-negociara-con-el-regimen-actual/|title=Comité de Acreedores de Venezuela asegura que no negociará con el "régimen actual"|website=Efecto Cocuyo|language=es|access-date=12 January 2019}}</ref> |
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* Konferensi Episkopal Venezuela <ref name="LPcev">{{Cite news|url=https://www.lapatilla.com/2019/01/15/monsenor-ovidio-perez-morales-la-iglesia-venezolana-declara-ilegitimo-al-regimen-comunista-y-respalda-a-la-an/|title=Monseñor Ovidio Pérez Morales: La Iglesia venezolana declara ilegítimo al régimen comunista y respalda a la AN|date=15 January 2019|work=[[La Patilla]]|language=es-ES|access-date=16 January 2019}}</ref> |
* Konferensi Episkopal Venezuela <ref name="LPcev">{{Cite news|url=https://www.lapatilla.com/2019/01/15/monsenor-ovidio-perez-morales-la-iglesia-venezolana-declara-ilegitimo-al-regimen-comunista-y-respalda-a-la-an/|title=Monseñor Ovidio Pérez Morales: La Iglesia venezolana declara ilegítimo al régimen comunista y respalda a la AN|date=15 January 2019|work=[[La Patilla]]|language=es-ES|access-date=16 January 2019}}</ref> |
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* |
* Fedecámaras <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://efectococuyo.com/politica/fedecamaras-no-puede-convalidar-un-gobierno-cuestionado-por-su-legitimidad-de-origen/|title=Fedecámaras no puede convalidar un "gobierno cuestionado por su legitimidad de origen"|website=EC|access-date=12 January 2019|archive-date=2019-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415064257/http://efectococuyo.com/politica/fedecamaras-no-puede-convalidar-un-gobierno-cuestionado-por-su-legitimidad-de-origen/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |
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* Front Militer Institusional <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lapatilla.com/2019/01/13/frente-institucional-de-militares-retirados-anuncia-su-apoyo-irrestricto-a-juan-guaido-comunicado/|title=Frente Institucional de militares retirados anuncia su apoyo irrestricto a Juan Guaidó (Comunicado)|date=13 January 2019|work=[[La Patilla]]|language=es-ES|access-date=15 January 2019}}</ref> |
* Front Militer Institusional <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lapatilla.com/2019/01/13/frente-institucional-de-militares-retirados-anuncia-su-apoyo-irrestricto-a-juan-guaido-comunicado/|title=Frente Institucional de militares retirados anuncia su apoyo irrestricto a Juan Guaidó (Comunicado)|date=13 January 2019|work=[[La Patilla]]|language=es-ES|access-date=15 January 2019}}</ref> |
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* Front Pembebasan Venezuela <ref name="favl">{{Cite web|url=https://www.analitica.com/actualidad/actualidad-nacional/juan-guaido-y-favl-afinan-agenda-unica-para-movilizacion-del-23ene/|title=Juan Guaidó y FAVL afinan agenda única para movilización del 23Ene|date=12 January 2019|website=Analitica|language=Spanish|access-date=12 January 2019}}</ref> |
* Front Pembebasan Venezuela <ref name="favl">{{Cite web|url=https://www.analitica.com/actualidad/actualidad-nacional/juan-guaido-y-favl-afinan-agenda-unica-para-movilizacion-del-23ene/|title=Juan Guaidó y FAVL afinan agenda única para movilización del 23Ene|date=12 January 2019|website=Analitica|language=Spanish|access-date=12 January 2019}}</ref> |
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* Federasi Pekerja Venezuela <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.asambleanacional.gob.ve/noticias/_juan-guaido-me-apego-a-los-articulos-333-350-y-233|title=Juan Guaidó: Me apego a los artículos 333, 350 y 233 para lograr el cese de la usurpación y convocar elecciones libres con la unión del pueblo, FAN y comunidad internacional|last=|first=|date=|website=|language=es|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> |
* Federasi Pekerja Venezuela <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.asambleanacional.gob.ve/noticias/_juan-guaido-me-apego-a-los-articulos-333-350-y-233|title=Juan Guaidó: Me apego a los artículos 333, 350 y 233 para lograr el cese de la usurpación y convocar elecciones libres con la unión del pueblo, FAN y comunidad internacional|last=|first=|date=|website=|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502221500/http://www.asambleanacional.gob.ve/noticias/_juan-guaido-me-apego-a-los-articulos-333-350-y-233|archive-date=2019-05-02|dead-url=yes|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> |
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=== Mendukung Majelis Nasional === |
=== Mendukung Majelis Nasional === |
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==== Negara PBB ==== |
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'''Negara asing:''' {{Columns-list|* {{flag|France}}<ref name="POLITICO"/>{{efn|name="Ultimatum"|On 26 January 2019, Spain, France, Germany and the United Kingdom gave Maduro an eight-day ultimatum, saying they would recognize Guaidó as president unless Maduro calls for fresh elections within that timeframe.<ref>{{cite web |title=EU nations give Venezuela's Maduro eight-day ultimatum |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/01/eu-nations-give-venezuela-maduro-day-ultimatum-190126115807947.html |website=Aljazeera |accessdate=26 January 2019 |language=en |date=26 January 2019}}</ref>}} |
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{{columns-list|colwidth=18em| |
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* {{flag|Germany}}<ref name="POLITICO"/>{{efn|name="Ultimatum"}} |
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# {{flag|Cyprus}}<ref name="POLITICO"/> |
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# {{flag|Greece}}<ref name="POLITICO"/> |
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# {{flag|Guyana}}<ref name="U.S. Mission to the Organization of American States"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kaieteurnewsonline.com/2019/01/25/concerned-guyana-government-urges-dialogue-as-venezuelas-woes-worsen/|title=Concerned Guyana government urges dialogue as Venezuela’s woes worsen|date=25 January 2019|website=Kaieteur News|access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Jamaica}}<ref name="U.S. Mission to the Organization of American States"/> |
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# {{flag|Japan}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://efectococuyo.com/internacionales/japon-lamenta-investidura-de-maduro-y-honduras-tambien-se-pronuncia/|title=Japón lamenta investidura de Maduro y Honduras también se pronuncia - Efecto Cocuyo|website=efectococuyo.com|access-date=2019-02-02|archive-date=2019-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416063159/http://efectococuyo.com/internacionales/japon-lamenta-investidura-de-maduro-y-honduras-tambien-se-pronuncia/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/japan-germany/japan-pm-abe-wants-stable-democratic-prompt-solution-to-venezuela-situation-idUKL3N1ZZ2IY|title=Japan PM Abe: wants stable, democratic, prompt solution to Venezuela situation|first=Elaine|last=Lies|publisher=Reuters|date=4 February 2019|access-date=5 February 2019}}</ref> |
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* {{flag|Spain}}<ref name="POLITICO"/>{{efn|name="Ultimatum"}} |
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# {{flag|Saint Lucia}}<ref name="U.S. Mission to the Organization of American States"/> |
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# {{flag|Slovakia}}<ref name="POLITICO"/> |
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* {{flag|Ukraine}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/PavloKlimkin/status/1088456097793400833|title=Respondiendo con fuerza a las exigencias de los manifestantes pacíficos es una via más corta para que las autoridades pierdan su legitimidad. Apostamos a la Asamblea Nacional y la sabiduría de su Presidente Juan Guiaidó por una salida de la crisis política #VenezuelaLibre|first=Pavlo|last=Klimkin|date=24 January 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|accessdate=24 January 2019}}</ref> |
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}} |
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* {{flag|United Kingdom}}<ref name="POLITICO"/>{{efn|name="Ultimatum"}}|colwidth=20em}} '''Negara-negara non-PBB:''' |
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==== Negara-negara non-PBB ==== |
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* [[null|pra=|tepi]] {{Flag|Taiwan}} <ref>{{Cite tweet}}</ref> |
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* {{Flag|Taiwan}} <ref>{{Cite tweet|author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ROC (Taiwan)|user=MOFA_Taiwan |number=1089421436467462145 |date=27 January 2019 |title=#Taiwan stands with the forces of freedom. We’re keeping a close eye on the situation in #Venezuela & are willing & able to provide humanitarian assistance. It’s imperative democratic order is restored & the people can enjoy freedom & a swift return to normal life. |link=https://mobile.twitter.com/MOFA_Taiwan/status/1089421436467462145 |access-date=28 January 2019}}</ref> |
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==== Organisasi antar-pemerintah ==== |
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* {{Flag|European Union}}<ref name="POLITICO">{{cite web |last1=Hanke |first1=Jakob |last2=von der Burchard |first2=Hans |title=Brussels caught off-guard by Venezuela’s political turmoil |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/brussels-caught-off-guard-by-venezuelas-political-turmoil-nicolas-maduro/ |website=POLITICO |accessdate=26 January 2019 |date=24 January 2019|quote=In a declaration published late Wednesday, EU foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini said the EU ... “fully supports the national assembly as the democratically elected institution whose powers need to be restored and respected.” ... Kocijančič said Mogherini’s statement had been “agreed with all 28 member states" ... }}</ref><ref name=EU2019-01-23a>{{cite web |title=Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the European Union on latest developments in Venezuela|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2019/01/23/declaration-by-the-high-representative-on-behalf-of-the-european-union-on-latest-developments-in-venezuela/|website=[[Council of the European Union]] |accessdate=23 January 2019 |date=23 January 2019 |quote= The EU fully supports the national assembly as the democratically elected institution whose powers need to be restored and respected.}}</ref><ref name=Reuters2019-02-04a>{{cite news |agency=Reuters|title=Divided Italy blocks EU statement on recognizing Venezuela's Guaido|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politics-italy/divided-italy-blocks-eu-statement-on-recognizing-venezuelas-guaido-idUSKCN1PT15G|accessdate=8 February 2019|date=4 February 2019}}</ref> |
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* [[null|pra=|tepi]] {{Flag|European Union}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2019/01/23/declaration-by-the-high-representative-on-behalf-of-the-european-union-on-latest-developments-in-venezuela/|title=Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the European Union on latest developments in Venezuela|date=23 January 2019|website=[[Council of the European Union]]|language=en|access-date=23 January 2019|quote=The EU fully supports the national assembly as the democratically elected institution whose powers need to be restored and respected.}}</ref> |
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=== Netralitas dukungan === |
=== Netralitas dukungan === |
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Beberapa negara menyerukan secara khusus untuk tidak melakukan intervensi dan tanpa mengakui kedua belah pihak, meminta diadakan diskusi diplomatik untuk bergerak maju. |
Beberapa negara menyerukan secara khusus untuk tidak melakukan intervensi dan tanpa mengakui kedua belah pihak, meminta diadakan diskusi diplomatik untuk bergerak maju. |
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==== Negara-negara PBB ==== |
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{{columns-list|colwidth=18em| |
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{{div col|rules=yes}} |
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# {{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/antigua-pm-says-caribbean-could-be-destabilised-as-a-result-of-situation-in-venezuela_155794?profile=1373|title=Jamaica Observer Limited|website=Jamaica Observer|access-date=2019-02-02|archive-date=2020-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105005145/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/antigua-pm-says-caribbean-could-be-destabilised-as-a-result-of-situation-in-venezuela_155794?profile=1373|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Armenia}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aysor.am/en/news/2019/01/24/armenia-venezuela/1516973|title=Armenia follows developments in Venezuela, hopes for peaceful solution: MFA spokesperson|website=Aysor}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Barbados}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Writer |first1=Staff |date=29 January 2019 |year= |title=CARICOM optimistic of peaceful solution to Venezuelan crisis |url=https://barbadostoday.bb/2019/01/28/caricom-optimistic-of-peaceful-solution-to-venezuelan-crisis/ |dead-url= |publisher=Barbados Today Newspaper |publication-date= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=4 February 2019 |quote=St Kitts-Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, and Belize abstained during the vote while Grenada was not present.}}</ref> |
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*{{flag|Belize}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.breakingbelizenews.com/2019/01/20/prime-minister-barrow-speaks-out-against-foreign-intervention-in-nicaragua-and-venezuela/|title=Prime Minister Barrow speaks out against foreign intervention in Nicaragua and Venezuela|date=20 January 2019|publisher=Breaking Belize News}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Belize}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.breakingbelizenews.com/2019/01/20/prime-minister-barrow-speaks-out-against-foreign-intervention-in-nicaragua-and-venezuela/|title=Prime Minister Barrow speaks out against foreign intervention in Nicaragua and Venezuela|date=20 January 2019|publisher=Breaking Belize News}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Grenada}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/grenada-worried-about-instabality-in-venezuela_155880?profile=1373|title=Jamaica Observer Limited|website=Jamaica Observer|access-date=2019-02-02|archive-date=2020-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107113309/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/grenada-worried-about-instabality-in-venezuela_155880?profile=1373|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|India}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-refuses-to-join-efforts-to-recognise-self-declared-president-of-venezuela/articleshow/67685085.cms|title=India refuses to join efforts to recognise self-declared president of Venezuela|last=Chaudhury|first=Dipanjan|date=25 January 2019|website=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/india-calls-for-dialogue-in-venezuela/1374805|title=India calls for dialogue in Venezuela|date=25 January 2019|work=[[Anadolu Agency]]|access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Indonesia}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Indonesia calls for restraint in Venezuela |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/01/26/indonesia-calls-for-restraint-in-venezuela.html |accessdate=29 January 2019 |work=[[The Jakarta Post]] |date=26 January 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Ivory Coast}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://africatimes.com/2019/01/27/un-security-councils-african-members-support-venezuelas-maduro/|title=UN Security Council’s African members support Venezuela’s Maduro|date=27 January 2019|website=Africa Times}}</ref> |
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*{{flag|Italy}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Италия не признала самопровозглашенного президента Венесуэлы |url=https://vz.ru/news/2019/2/1/962100.html |accessdate=1 February 2019 |work=[[ВЗГЛЯД]] |date=1 February 2019 |language=ru}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Kuwait}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2773857|title=Kuwait urges dialogue to end political standoff in Venezuela|date=27 January 2019|website=Kuwait News Agency|access-date=}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Mexico}}<ref name="The Straits Times">{{cite web |title=Maduro v Guaido: Who is backing whom amid crisis in Venezuela |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/americas/maduro-vs-guaido-who-is-backing-whom-amid-crisis-in-venezuela |website=The Straits Times |accessdate=5 February 2019 |date=28 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.startribune.com/the-latest-venezuela-diplomat-in-miami-backs-challenger/504977872/ |work= Star Tribune |title= The Latest: Venezuela opposition leader backs US sanctions |agency= Associated Press |date= 29 January 2019 |accessdate= 30 January 2019 |archive-date= 2019-12-27 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191227202801/http://www.startribune.com/the-latest-venezuela-diplomat-in-miami-backs-challenger/504977872/ |dead-url= yes }}</ref> |
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*{{flag|Kuwait}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2773857|title=Kuwait urges dialogue to end political standoff in Venezuela|last=|first=|date=27 January 2019|website=Kuwait News Agency|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Nepal}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Press release on recent political developments in Venezuela - Ministry of Foreign Affairs Nepal MOFA |url=https://mofa.gov.np/11789-2/ |publisher=Government of Nepal Ministry of Foreign Affairs |accessdate=1 February 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|New Zealand}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Eleanor Ainge |title=Venezuela crisis: New Zealand refuses to back Guaidó as interim president |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/29/venezuela-crisis-new-zealand-guaido-interim-president?CMP=twt_gu |accessdate=29 January 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=29 January 2019}}</ref> |
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*{{flag|Namibia}}<ref>http://www.mirco.gov.na/documents/140810/673389/MEDIA+RELEASE+-+NAMIBIA+POSITION+ON+VENEZUELA/e989db0c-ce0a-4dc6-b23f-b2b0f22219fe</ref> |
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# {{flag|Norway}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bjørgaas |first1=Tove |title=Sverige og Danmark anerkjenner Guaido – Norge vil ikke |url=https://www.nrk.no/urix/sverige-og-danmark-anerkjenner-guaido-_-norge-vil-ikke-1.14414059 |accessdate=4 February 2019 |work=NRK.no |language=no}}</ref> |
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*{{flag|Nepal}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Press release on recent political developments in Venezuela - Ministry of Foreign Affairs Nepal MOFA |url=https://mofa.gov.np/11789-2/ |publisher=Government of Nepal Ministry of Foreign Affairs |accessdate=1 February 2019}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|San Marino}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Venezuela: San Marino, "Riceviamo l'auspicio del Papa per una soluzione pacifica della crisi" |url=http://www.smtvsanmarino.sm/politica/2019/02/04/venezuela-san-marino-riceviamo-auspicio-papa-soluzione-pacifica-crisi |accessdate=10 February 2019 |work=[[SMtv San Marino (TV channel)|SMTV San Marino]] |date=4 February 2019 |language=it}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|South Korea}}<ref>{{cite web |title=MOFA Spokesperson’s Statement on Crisis in Venezuela |url=http://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/brd/m_5676/view.do?seq=320374&srchFr=&srchTo=&srchWord=&srchTp=&multi_itm_seq=0&itm_seq_1=0&itm_seq_2=0&company_cd=&company_nm=&page=1&titleNm= |website=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (South Korea)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of South Korea]] |publisher=[[Government of the Republic of Korea]] |accessdate=5 February 2019 |date=1 February 2019}}</ref> |
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*{{flag|Serbia}}{{rs}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mundo.sputniknews.com/europa/201901251085023338-serbia-no-reconoce-a-guaido/|title=Serbia no tiene la intención de reconocer a Guaidó como presidente de Venezuela|website=mundo.sputniknews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.urdupoint.com/en/world/serbia-will-not-recognize-guaido-as-venezuela-540044.html|title=Serbia Will Not Recognize Guaido As Venezuelan President - Vucic|website=UrduPoint}}</ref> --> |
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# {{flag|Switzerland}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Geiser |first1=Urs |title=Swiss concerned about the deepening crisis in Venezuela |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/politics/uncertainty_swiss-concerned-about-the-deepening-crisis-in-venezuela/44708320 |accessdate=2 February 2019 |work=SWI swissinfo.ch }}</ref> |
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*{{flag|South Korea}}<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=MOFAkr_eng|author=MOFA |number=1091255498681139200 |date = 1 February 2019 |title=The government of the Republic of Korea hopes that Venezuela will restore democracy as soon as possible by undertaking a peaceful and democratic process in which all of the political actors of the country participate.}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}<ref>https://newsday.co.tt/2019/02/15/tt-preserving-neutral-position-on-venezuela/</ref> |
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*{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=OPM_TT |author=OPM Trinidad&Tobago |number=1090002275475603458 |date = 28 January 2019 |title=We believe in the coming days there will be work towards dialogue so that the internal difficulties in Venezuela can be approached without intervention and interference from those who may have a different approach. - @DrKeithRowley}}</ref> |
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# {{flag|Vatican City}}<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-vatican/vatican-calls-for-end-to-suffering-in-venezuela-but-takes-no-sides-idUSKCN1PI2QM |title= Vatican calls for end to suffering in Venezuela but takes no sides |date= 24 January 2019 |accessdate= 2 February 2019 |work= Reuters}}</ref> |
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}} |
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*{{flag|Vatican City}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/Pope-Francis-Calls-for-Just-Peaceful-Solution-in-Venezuela-20190127-0020.html|title=Pope Francis Calls for 'Just, Peaceful Solution' in Venezuela|last=|first=|date=27 January 2019|website=[[TeleSUR|Telesur]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> |
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*{{flag|Vietnam}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tuoitrenews.vn/news/politics/20190125/vietnam-wishes-for-peace-stability-in-venezuela-spokesperson/48691.html|title=Vietnam wishes for peace, stability in Venezuela: spokesperson|website=Tuoi Tre News}}</ref> |
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{{div col end}} |
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'''Organisasi antar-pemerintah:''' |
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==== Organisasi antar-pemerintah ==== |
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* [[null|pra=|tepi]] [[Komunitas Karibia]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.tt/news/caricom-on-venezuela-noninterference-facilitate-dialogue-6.2.765103.fbbf3926c9|title=CARICOM on Venezuela: Non-interference, facilitate dialogue|last=|first=|date=24 January 2019|website=Trindad and Tobago Guardian|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> |
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* [[ |
* [[Komunitas Karibia]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.tt/news/caricom-on-venezuela-noninterference-facilitate-dialogue-6.2.765103.fbbf3926c9|title=CARICOM on Venezuela: Non-interference, facilitate dialogue|last=|first=|date=24 January 2019|website=Trindad and Tobago Guardian|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> |
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* {{Flag|United Nations}} <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/01/1031382|title=UN political chief calls for dialogue to ease tensions in Venezuela; Security Council divided over path to end crisis|last=|first=|date=|work=UN News|access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> |
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== Opini publik == |
== Opini publik == |
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Baris 198: | Baris 290: | ||
Sebuah survei telepon terhadap 999 warga Venezuela oleh Hercon antara 25 dan 30 Januari menunjukkan bahwa 81,9% responden mengakui Guaido sebagai presiden, 13,4% menanggapi dengan menyatakan Maduro adalah presiden dan 4,6% tidak memutuskan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lapatilla.com/2019/01/31/819-de-venezolanos-reconoce-a-juan-guaido-como-primer-mandatario/|title=81,9 % de venezolanos reconoce a Juan Guaidó como presidente de Venezuela (Encuesta Hercón)|last=|first=|date=2019-01-31|website=[[La Patilla]]|language=es-ES|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-31}}</ref> |
Sebuah survei telepon terhadap 999 warga Venezuela oleh Hercon antara 25 dan 30 Januari menunjukkan bahwa 81,9% responden mengakui Guaido sebagai presiden, 13,4% menanggapi dengan menyatakan Maduro adalah presiden dan 4,6% tidak memutuskan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lapatilla.com/2019/01/31/819-de-venezolanos-reconoce-a-juan-guaido-como-primer-mandatario/|title=81,9 % de venezolanos reconoce a Juan Guaidó como presidente de Venezuela (Encuesta Hercón)|last=|first=|date=2019-01-31|website=[[La Patilla]]|language=es-ES|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-31}}</ref> |
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Sebuah jajak pendapat Januari 2019 oleh Hinterlaces, sebuah jajak pendapat yang dipimpin oleh anggota Majelis Konstituante Nasional {{Ill|Oscar Schemel|es}} yang digambarkan sebagai pro-Maduro,<ref name="reuters" |
Sebuah jajak pendapat Januari 2019 oleh Hinterlaces, sebuah jajak pendapat yang dipimpin oleh anggota Majelis Konstituante Nasional {{Ill|Oscar Schemel|es}} yang digambarkan sebagai pro-Maduro,<ref name="reuters"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://es.panampost.com/sabrina-martin/2016/03/21/encuestadora-chavista-admite-que-venezolanos-desean-salir-de-maduro/|title=Encuestadora chavista admite que venezolanos desean salir de Maduro|date=21 March 2016|work=[[PanAm Post]]|language=es-ES|access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/13828|title=Venezuela’s Highly Unusual Presidential Election|last=[[Gregory Wilpert|Wilpert]]|first=[[Gregory Wilpert|Gregory]]|date=2018-05-19|website=[[Venezuelanalysis.com]]|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-31|quote=Pro-government pollsters, such as the company Hinterlaces give Maduro a 17 point advantage}}</ref> melaporkan bahwa 86% rakyat Venezuela akan menentang intervensi militer, 81% menentang sanksi AS, dan bahwa 84% mendukung dialog untuk mengakhiri krisis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecanary.co/global/world-news/2019/01/29/new-poll-shows-venezuelans-overwhelmingly-oppose-military-intervention-and-us-sanctions/|title=New poll shows Venezuelans overwhelmingly oppose military intervention and US sanctions|date=29 January 2019|website=The Canary}}</ref> Polling Hinterlaces lainnya, dari 1.580 rumah tangga, melaporkan bahwa 81% tidak tahu siapa Guaido, dengan 11% memiliki pendapat yang mendukungnya dan 5% memiliki pendapat yang tidak menguntungkan; 3% tidak memiliki pendapat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vtv.gob.ve/hinterlaces-81-venezolanos-desconoce-a-guaido-como-lider-politico/|title=Hinterlaces: 81% de los venezolanos desconoce a Guaidó como líder político|date=20 January 2019|access-date=2019-02-02|archive-date=2019-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190319051907/http://vtv.gob.ve/hinterlaces-81-venezolanos-desconoce-a-guaido-como-lider-politico/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |
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<sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" data-ve-ignore="true" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''[[Wikipedia:Pemastian|<span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (January 2019)">lebih baik sumber dibutuhkan</span>]]'' ]</sup> |
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== Lihat pula == |
== Lihat pula == |
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* [[Upaya kudeta Venezuela tahun 2002]] |
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* [[Konferensi Internasional tentang Situasi di Venezuela]] |
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* Upaya kudeta Venezuela tahun 2002 |
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* 2017 krisis konstitusi Venezuela |
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* Krisis di Venezuela |
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* Intervensi pemilihan asing |
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* Konferensi Internasional tentang Situasi di Venezuela |
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* Troika dari tirani |
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* Protes Venezuela (2014 – sekarang) |
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== Catatan == |
== Catatan == |
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Baris 215: | Baris 300: | ||
== Referensi == |
== Referensi == |
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[[Kategori:CS1 sumber berbahasa Rusia (ru)]] |
[[Kategori:CS1 sumber berbahasa Rusia (ru)]] |
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[[Kategori:CS1 sumber berbahasa |
[[Kategori:CS1 sumber berbahasa Prancis (fr)]] |
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[[Kategori:Halaman yang mengandung pranala ke konten yang hanya dapat diakses dengan berlangganan]] |
[[Kategori:Halaman yang mengandung pranala ke konten yang hanya dapat diakses dengan berlangganan]] |
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[[Kategori: |
[[Kategori:Nomor pranala templat tautan antarbahasa]] |
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[[Kategori:Halaman yang menggunakan sintaks gambar usang]] |
[[Kategori:Halaman yang menggunakan sintaks gambar usang]] |
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[[Kategori:Venezuela]] |
[[Kategori:Venezuela]] |
Revisi per 19 Juni 2023 14.16
![]() | Artikel ini memerlukan pemutakhiran informasi. |
Krisis Presidensial Venezuela 2019 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Bagian dari Krisis di Venezuela | ||||
Nicolás Maduro (kiri) Juan Guaidó (kanan) | ||||
Tanggal | 10 Januari 2019 (5 tahun, 7 bulan dan 22 hari) | – kini |||
Lokasi | Venezuela | |||
Sebab |
| |||
Metode | Protes, kampanye dukungan, tekanan diplomatik asing, dan sanksi | |||
Status | Sedang terjadi
| |||
Pihak terlibat | ||||
|
Krisis kepresidenan Venezuela tahun 2019 adalah sebuah perselisihan presiden yang menyebabkan krisis nasional di Venezuela, yang sudah berlangsung sejak 10 Januari 2019 lalu.
Presiden petahana Nicolás Maduro dinyatakan sebagai pemenang pemilihan presiden Mei 2018; yang mana proses dan hasil pemilu itu banyak diperdebatkan.[1] Pada 10 Januari 2019, Majelis Nasional Venezuela, yang mayoritas terdiri atas koalisi oposisi, menyatakan bahwa hasil pemilihan tidak sah dan mengangkat Juan Guaido sebagai penjabat presiden, dikutip dari beberapa klausul Konstitusi Venezuela 1999 yang disahkan oleh mantan presiden Hugo Chavez, pendahulu Maduro. Sebagai tanggapan, Mahkamah Agung yang ditunjuk Maduro menyebut pernyataan sikap oleh Majelis itu tidaklah konstitusional.[2]
Unjuk rasa massa di seluruh Venezuela dan dunia terjadi pada 23 Januari ketika Guaido meminta rakyat Venezuela untuk berdemonstrasi menentang Maduro.[3][4] Sebuah demonstrasi untuk mendukung Revolusi Bolivarian dan mendukung pemerintah juga terjadi.[5] Demonstrasi massal tersebut berlangsung hingga 30 Januari.[6][7]
Pertemuan khusus di Organisasi Negara-negara Amerika pada 24 Januari dan di PBB pada 26 Januari diadakan, tetapi tidak ada konsensus yang tercapai. Sekretaris Jenderal PBB António Guterres menyerukan dialog untuk meredakan ketegangan.[8] Meksiko dan Uruguay kemudian mengumumkan akan adanya sebuah konferensi internasional untuk negara-negara dengan posisi netral di Montevideo pada 7 Februari.[9]
Pemerintahan Maduro menyatakan bahwa krisis saat ini adalah sebuah kudeta dipimpin oleh Amerika Serikat untuk menggulingkannya dan mengendalikan cadangan minyak negara yang besar.[10][11][12]
Latar Belakang
Sejak 2010, Venezuela menderita krisis sosial-ekonomi di bawah pimpinan Nicolás Maduro (dan secara singkat di bawah pendahulunya, Hugo Chavez), karena tingkat kejahatan yang meningkat, hiperinflasi, dan kualitas hidup yang rendah.[13][14][15][16][17][18] Sebagai akibat dari ketidakpuasan terhadap pemerintah, koalisi oposisi pun terpilih menjadi koalisi mayoritas pada Majelis Nasional untuk pertama kalinya sejak 1999; setelah pemilihan parlemen 2015.[19] Setelah pemilihan, para anggota Majelis Nasional yang terdiri dari pejabat Bolivarian mengisi Mahkamah Agung, pengadilan tertinggi di Venezuela, dengan sekutu Maduro.[19][20] Pengadilan melucuti tiga anggota parlemen oposisi dari kursi Majelis Nasional mereka pada awal 2016, mengutip dugaan "penyimpangan" dalam pemilihan mereka, sehingga mencegah terjadinya supermayoritas oposisi yang akan mampu menantang Presiden Maduro.[19]
Pengadilan kemudian menyetujui beberapa tindakan oleh Maduro dan memberinya kekuatan lebih pada 2017.[19] Ketika protes meningkat terhadap Maduro, ia menyerukan akan adanya majelis konstituante yang akan merancang konstitusi baru untuk menggantikan Konstitusi Venezuela 1999 yang dibuat oleh Chavez.[21] Banyak negara menganggap tindakan ini sebagai upaya Maduro untuk tetap berkuasa tanpa batas,[22] dan lebih dari 40 negara menyatakan bahwa mereka tidak akan mengakui Majelis Konstituante Nasional.[23][24] Partai oposisi terhadap partai yang berkuasa, Meja Bundar Persatuan Demokratik (The Democratic Unity Roundtable) memboikot pemilihan umum tersebut, dengan mengatakan bahwa Majelis Konstituante adalah "sebuah trik untuk menjaga [partai penguasa yang] berkuasa".[25] Karena oposisi tidak berpartisipasi dalam pemilihan, Great Patriotic Pole yang berkuasa didominasi oleh Partai Sosialis Bersatu Venezuela, yang memenangkan hampir semua kursi di majelis.[26][27][28] Pada 8 Agustus 2017, Majelis Konstituante mendeklarasikan bahwa Majelis Konstituante merupakan "cabang pemerintah dengan kekuasaan tertinggi di Venezuela", serta melarang Majelis Nasional yang dipimpin oposisi melakukan tindakan yang akan mengganggu majelis sambil terus memberikan langkah-langkah dalam "dukungan dan solidaritas" dengan Presiden. Maduro, secara efektif menghilangkan semua kekuatan Majelis Nasional.[29]
Pemilihan Presiden 2018
Pada bulan Februari 2018, Maduro menyerukan pemilihan presiden empat bulan sebelum tanggal yang ditentukan.[30] Ia dinyatakan sebagai pemenang pada Mei 2018 setelah beberapa partai oposisi utama tidak diperbolehkan berpartisipasi. Selain itu, terdapat pula beberapa penyimpangan lainnya. Banyak yang menyatakan bahwa pemilihan itu tidak sah.[31][32][33][34] Berpasangan dengan seorang yang memandang kepemimpinan Maduro sebagai kediktatoran yang tidak efektif,[35][36][37] para politisi dari dalam maupun luar negeri menyatakan bahwa Maduro tidak dipilih secara sah.[38] Dalam bulan-bulan menjelang pelantikannya pada 10 Januari 2019, Maduro ditekan untuk mundur oleh negara-negara dan badan-badan termasuk Kelompok Lima (selain Meksiko), Amerika Serikat, dan OAS (Organisasi Negara-negara Amerika). Tekanan ini semakin meningkat seiring dengan dilantiknya anggota Majelis Nasional Venezuela yang baru pada tanggal 5 Januari 2019.[39][40][41] Maduro menolak Majelis Nasional pada tahun 2017;[42] yang disebut sebagai "satu-satunya lembaga yang dipilih secara demokratis yang tersisa di negara ini".[a]
Seruan untuk membentuk pemerintahan transisi
Antara pemilihan presiden Mei 2018 dan pelantikan Maduro, ada seruan untuk mendirikan pemerintahan transisi.[51][52][53] CEO Venezuela Al Día, Manuel Corao, berpendapat bahwa Maduro bukan lagi presiden dan bahwa "sebagian besar rakyat di Venezuela terwakili dalam Majelis Nasional [dan ingin] menunjuk pemerintahan transisi yang mengisi kekosongan kekuasaan dan membebaskan Venezuela dari kejahatan Komunis".[51] Mantan legislator Venezuela Alexis Ortiz menyatakan bahwa "Paham Castrochavism [...] membusuk dalam ketidakmampuan, korupsi, dan penyerahan kedaulatan nasional", menyerukan pemerintah transisi untuk bekerja pada rekonsiliasi, mengadakan pemilihan umum, menerima bantuan kemanusiaan dan melindungi kebebasan sipil, di antara beberapa permintaan lainnya.[52]
Sebuah laporan pada November 2018 oleh International Crisis Group mengatakan bahwa "negara-negara tetangga dan kekuatan asing lainnya telah mengambil berbagai langkah - termasuk sanksi, untuk mencapai negosiasi transisi, yang merupakan jalan keluar terbaik dari krisis" [53]
Pembenaran tantangan
Koalisi Oposisi Venezuela mendasarkan tindakannya pada Konstitusi Venezuela 1999, khususnya Pasal 233 yang menetapkan bahwa "pemimpin Majelis Nasional akan memegang jabatan presiden jika tidak ada presiden yang sah", yang mereka nyatakan setelah pemilihan presiden Venezuela 2018.[54] Pasal 333 menyerukan warga negara untuk memulihkan dan menegakkan konstitusi jika tidak diikuti. Mereka berpendapat bahwa baik komunitas nasional dan internasional harus bersatu di bawah pemerintahan transisi yang akan menjamin bantuan kemanusiaan, membawa pemulihan aturan hukum Venezuela, dan akan mengadakan pemilihan demokratis.[54]
Strategi oposisi
Majelis Nasional dan pihak oposisi telah mempertahankan strategi tiga langkah[55] dalam krisis ini untuk memulihkan keadaan demokrasi di negara ini:
Bahasa Indonesia:
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Bahasa Spanyol
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Linimasa
Pelantikan kedua Maduro
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro_2019_Inauguration.jpg/220px-Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro_2019_Inauguration.jpg)
Tanda krisis yang pertama muncul pada saat Hakim Agung dan Hakim Pemilu yang dekat dengan Maduro pindah menetap di Amerika Serikat hanya beberapa hari sebelum pelantikan kedua Nicolás Maduro, pada 10 Januari 2019. Hakim Pengadilan, Christian Zerpa, mengatakan bahwa pelantikan Nicolás Maduro tersebut "tidak berkompeten" dan "tidak sah".[39][40][56] Beberapa menit setelah Maduro mengambil sumpah sebagai presiden Venezuela, Organisasi Negara-negara Amerika menyetujui sebuah resolusi dalam sesi khusus Dewan Permanennya yang menyatakan bahwa kepresidenan Maduro tidak sah dan mendesak pemilihan baru.[57] Pemilihan Maduro tersebut didukung oleh Turki, Rusia, Tiongkok, dan Aliansi Bolivarian untuk Rakyat Kita (ALBA);[58][59] negara kecil Karibia lainnya yang bergantung pada bantuan ekonomi dari pemerintah Maduro (seperti Dominika, Saint Kitts dan Nevis, serta Trinidad dan Tobago) turut menghadiri pelantikannya.[60]
Keputusan publik
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Juan_Guaid%C3%B3_open_cabildo_11_January_2019.jpg/220px-Juan_Guaid%C3%B3_open_cabildo_11_January_2019.jpg)
Juan Guaidó, pemimpin Majelis Nasional Venezuela yang baru diangkat, mulai bergerak untuk membentuk pemerintahan transisi tak lama setelah ia diangkat pada 5 Januari 2019, dan menyatakan bahwa "terlepas dari apakah Maduro memulai masa jabatan barunya pada tanggal 10, negara itu tidak akan memiliki presiden yang terpilih secara sah".[61] Atas nama Majelis Nasional, ia menyatakan bahwa negara tersebut telah jatuh ke dalam kediktatoran de facto dan tidak memiliki pemimpin,[62] serta menyatakan bahwa negara tersebut menghadapi keadaan darurat.[63] Dia menyerukan akan adanya "tentara yang mengenakan seragam mereka dengan kehormatan untuk melangkah maju dan menegakkan Konstitusi", dan meminta "warga negara untuk memiliki rasa percaya diri, kekuatan, untuk menemani kita di jalan ini".[63]
Pengakuan
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Venezuela_president_recognition_map.svg/700px-Venezuela_president_recognition_map.svg.png)
Hitam: Venezuela
Biru: Mengakui Guaidó
Biru muda: Mendukung Majelis Nasional
Merah: Mengakui Maduro
Abu-abu: Netral
Abu muda: Tidak ada data
Pengakuan Presidensial Maduro
Negara-negara PBB
Belarus[64][65]
Bolivia[66]
Cambodia[67]
China[68]
Cuba[68]
Dominica[69]
El Salvador[70][b]
Equatorial Guinea[73]
Iran[68]
Laos[74]
Nicaragua[75]
North Korea[76]
Palestine[c][77]
Russia[68]
Saint Kitts and Nevis[78]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[75]
Serbia[79]
South Africa[80][81]
Suriname[69]
Syria[68]
Turkey[68]
Uruguay[82][d]
Negara-negara non-PBB=
Organisasi antar-pemerintah
Organisasi internasional
Organisasi dalam negeri
Kelompok militer
Presiden sementara Guaidó
Negara asing:
Albania[96][97]
Andorra[98]
Argentina[99]
Australia[100]
Austria[101][102][103]
Bahamas[99]
Belgium[104][103]
Brazil[99]
Bulgaria[105][106][e]
Canada[99]
Chile[99]
Colombia[99]
Costa Rica[99]
Croatia[112][113][103]
Czech Republic[114][103]
Denmark[115][116][103]
Dominican Republic[99]
Ecuador[99]
Estonia[117][103]
Finland[118][103]
France[115][119][103]
Georgia[120][121]
Germany[122][123][103]
Guatemala[99]
Haiti[99]
Honduras[99]
Hungary[103][124]
Iceland[125]
Ireland[126]
Israel[127][128]
Italy[129]
Latvia[130][103]
Lithuania[131][103]
Luxembourg[132][103]
Malta[133]
Marshall Islands[134]
Montenegro[135]
Morocco[136]
Netherlands[137][103]
North Macedonia[138]
Panama[99]
Paraguay[99]
Peru[99]
Poland[139][103]
Portugal[140][103]
Romania[141][142]
Slovenia[115][143]
Spain[115][103][144]
Sweden[115][103][145]
Ukraine[146][147][148]
United Kingdom[115][103][149]
United States[99]
|colwidth=20em}}
Negara-negara non-PBB
Organisasi antar-pemerintah
- Parlemen Eropa [151]
- Kelompok Lima [152] [f]
Organisasi-organisasi
- Inter-American Development Bank [153]
- Sosialis Internasional [154]
Domestik/dalam negeri
- Komite Kreditor Venezuela [155]
- Konferensi Episkopal Venezuela [156]
- Fedecámaras [157]
- Front Militer Institusional [158]
- Front Pembebasan Venezuela [159]
- Federasi Pekerja Venezuela [160]
Mendukung Majelis Nasional
Negara PBB
Negara-negara non-PBB
Organisasi antar-pemerintah
Netralitas dukungan
Beberapa negara menyerukan secara khusus untuk tidak melakukan intervensi dan tanpa mengakui kedua belah pihak, meminta diadakan diskusi diplomatik untuk bergerak maju.
Negara-negara PBB
Organisasi antar-pemerintah
Opini publik
Jajak pendapat di Venezuela yang digambarkan oleh Reuters "sangat kontroversial dan berbeda" dengan kenyataan di lapangan.[190]
Sebuah survei telepon terhadap 1.000 pemilih terdaftar di Venezuela oleh Venezuela Hercon, yang dilakukan dari 15 hingga 19 Januari 2019, melaporkan 79,9% responden setuju agar Maduro meninggalkan jabatannya. Mengenai Majelis Nasional, 68,8% responden menilai pekerjaan mereka positif sementara 15,6% menilai tindakan mereka negatif. Ketika ditanya apakah mereka setuju dengan Majelis Nasional menyumpahi Guaido sebagai presiden sementara, 68,6% setuju dengan Guaido menjadi presiden sementara sementara 19,4% tidak setuju.[191]
Survei terhadap 900 orang antara 19 dan 20 Januari oleh Meganálisis melaporkan bahwa 81,4% responden berharap bahwa Guaido akan dilantik pada 23 Januari, sementara 84,2% mendukung pemerintahan transisi untuk menggantikan pemerintahan Maduro.[192]
Sebuah survei Meganálisis terhadap 870 warga Venezuela yang dilakukan antara 24 dan 25 Januari melaporkan bahwa 83,7% responden mengakui Guaido sebagai presiden yang sah, 11,4% tidak dapat memutuskan siapa yang menjadi presiden dan 4,8% mengakui Maduro sebagai presiden.[193]
Sebuah survei telepon terhadap 999 warga Venezuela oleh Hercon antara 25 dan 30 Januari menunjukkan bahwa 81,9% responden mengakui Guaido sebagai presiden, 13,4% menanggapi dengan menyatakan Maduro adalah presiden dan 4,6% tidak memutuskan.[194]
Sebuah jajak pendapat Januari 2019 oleh Hinterlaces, sebuah jajak pendapat yang dipimpin oleh anggota Majelis Konstituante Nasional Oscar Schemel yang digambarkan sebagai pro-Maduro,[190][195][196] melaporkan bahwa 86% rakyat Venezuela akan menentang intervensi militer, 81% menentang sanksi AS, dan bahwa 84% mendukung dialog untuk mengakhiri krisis.[197] Polling Hinterlaces lainnya, dari 1.580 rumah tangga, melaporkan bahwa 81% tidak tahu siapa Guaido, dengan 11% memiliki pendapat yang mendukungnya dan 5% memiliki pendapat yang tidak menguntungkan; 3% tidak memiliki pendapat.[198]
Lihat pula
Catatan
- ^ Sources directly claiming that the National Assembly is the "only democratically elected" or "only legitimate" political body in Venezuela include: Financial Times,[43] The Telegraph,[44] the BBC,[45] Economic Times,[46] CTV,[47] Business Times,[48] Reuters agency,[49] CBC,[50] etc.
- ^ El Salvador changed its mind several times. Initially supporting Maduro, an official statement released on 24 January said they recognized Guaidó; later that day another statement was released, reiterating their backing of Maduro.[71][72]
- ^ Palestine is not placed under non-UN states because it is a UN observer.
- ^ While Uruguay still recognizes Maduro as President, on 13 February the Uruguayan government released a joint statement with the Argentine government (who recognizes Guaidó) calling for new elections.[83][84][85]
- ^ The Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs has recognized Guaidó, but the President of Bulgaria, has issued a statement condemning the foreign ministry's position, critisicing the EU's recognition of Guaidó and urging neturality[107][108][109][110][111]
- ^ Excluding Mexico.
Referensi
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President Nicolás Maduro was inaugurated for a second term after an election last year that was widely considered illegitimate — and despite a plummeting economy and skyrocketing violence, hunger and migration.
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... the National Assembly is the only democratically elected institution left in the country ...
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- ^ "Lukashenka backs Maduro after hesitation". BelaPAN. 29 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 31 January 2019.[pranala nonaktif permanen]
- ^ "Bolivia's Morales reaffirms backing for Venezuela's Maduro". Reuters. 23 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 27 January 2019.
Bolivia’s leftist President Evo Morales affirmed his long-standing alliance with President Nicolas Maduro ... 'Our solidarity with the Venezuelan people and our brother Nicolas Maduro, in these decisive hours in which the claws of imperialism seek again to mortally wound the democracy and self-determination of the peoples of South America,' Morales said in the tweet.
- ^ "PM warns against foreign interference". Khmer Times. 27 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 29 January 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f Vasilyeva, Nataliya (24 January 2019). "Venezuela crisis: Familiar geopolitical sides take shape". Associated Press. Diakses tanggal 25 January 2019.
Russia, China, Iran, Syria and Cuba have come down on one side ...
- ^ a b "Special Meeting of the Permanent Council Thursday January 24, 2019". Organization of American States. 24 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2019.
- ^ "El Salvador defendió a Maduro ante la OEA". elmundo.sv. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-05-24. Diakses tanggal 25 January 2019.
- ^ "Asamblea de El Salvador desconoce a Maduro y respalda a Guaidó en Venezuela". El Mundo. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-01-25. Diakses tanggal 25 January 2019.
- ^ "El Salvador expresa su apoyo a Nicolás Maduro". Efecto Cocuyo. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-01-26. Diakses tanggal 25 January 2019.
- ^ "Manifesto of Solidarity with United Socialist Party of Venezuela". PDGE Guinea Ecuatorial. Diakses tanggal 28 January 2019.
- ^ PM, Tom O'Connor On 1/29/19 at 12:32 (29 January 2019). "China joins Russia in backing Venezuela against U.S. moves, warns of "serious consequences"". Newsweek. Diakses tanggal 15 February 2019.
- ^ a b c d e Trujillo, Carlos (10 January 2019). "Permanent Council Approves Resolution to Not Recognize the Legitimacy of the Maduro Regime". U.S. Mission to the Organization of American States. Diakses tanggal 16 January 2019.
- ^ "North Korea throws support behind Venezuela's Maduro regime". UPI. Diakses tanggal 29 January 2019.
- ^ a b "Hamas, PLO slam 'blatant US interference' in Venezuela affairs". Middle East Monitor. 25 January 2019.
- ^ "Prime Minister attends Venezuelan President Maduro's inauguration". St Kitts & Nevis Observer. 11 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 17 January 2019.
- ^ O'Connor, Tom (11 February 2019). "Russia says U.S. attempts to overthrow Venezuela using its own military are "unheard of"". Newsweek. Diakses tanggal 12 February 2019.
- ^ "President Cyril Ramaphosa congratulates President of Venezuela on his inauguration | South African Government". Government of South Africa. Diakses tanggal 20 January 2019.
- ^ "Statement by Ambassador Jerry Matjila, Permanent Representative of South Africa to the United Nations during the UN Security Council Meeting on Venezuela, 26 January 2019". Government of South Africa. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019.
- ^ "Canciller uruguayo asegura que presidencia de Maduro es legítima". Noticieros Televisa (dalam bahasa Spanyol). 12 February 2019. Diakses tanggal 13 February 2019.
- ^ "Argentina y Uruguay presionan a Venezuela por elecciones libres y coinciden en la necesidad de la ayuda humanitaria". Infobae (dalam bahasa Spanyol). 13 February 2019. Diakses tanggal 14 February 2019.
- ^ "Los presidentes de Uruguay y Argentina llaman a elecciones libres en Venezuela". El Diario (dalam bahasa Spanyol). 13 February 2019. Diakses tanggal 14 February 2019.
- ^ "Argentina y Uruguay piden elecciones libres y creíbles en Venezuela". El Día (dalam bahasa Spanyol). 14 February 2019. Diakses tanggal 14 February 2019.
- ^ "Osetia del Sur y Abjasia, los desconocidos "países" invitados a la toma de poder de Nicolás Maduro en Venezuela" [South Ossetia and Abkhazia, the unknown "countries" invited to the inauguration of Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela]. Emol (dalam bahasa Spanish). 10 January 2019.
- ^ "Western Sahara: Sahrawi Delegation Participates in Inauguration of Venezuelan President". AllAfrica. 12 January 2019.
- ^ "Osetia del Sur, el desconocido país sin reconocimiento que apoya a Venezuela" [South Ossetia, the unknown country without recognition that supports Venezuela] (dalam bahasa Spanish). La Nación (Argentina). 10 January 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-01-10. Diakses tanggal 2019-02-02.
- ^ "ALBA reitera su apoyo y reconocimiento al presidente Nicolás Maduro". ALBA. 25 January 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-11-17. Diakses tanggal 2019-02-02.
- ^ "Solidarity Statement With The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Issued By The SADC Chairperson, His Excellency Dr. Hage G. Geingob, President of the Republic of Namibia". Southern African Development Community. 10 February 2019. Diakses tanggal 11 February 2019.
- ^ "Hezbollah condemns US interference in Venezuela". Middle East Monitor. 26 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 27 January 2019.
- ^ "Guaido vs Maduro: Who backs Venezuela's two presidents?". cnbc.com. 24 January 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-01-27. Diakses tanggal 2019-02-02.
State oil company PDVSA, which accounts for most of Venezuela’s export earnings, stood by Maduro. “We have no other president” besides Maduro, said PDVSA President and Oil Minister Manuel Quevedo, a career military officer.
- ^ Daniels, Joe (23 January 2019). "Venezuela protests: thousands march as military faces call to abandon Maduro". The Guardian.
Maduro has accused the opposition of fomenting violence. “I demand the full rigor of the law against the fascists,” he said on Tuesday night. His allies have also threatened the use of armed pro-government militias—known as colectivos—to quell disturbances.
- ^ Charles, Mathew (2 February 2019). "ELN interview: Colombian Marxist guerrillas 'will fight' US troops if they invade Venezuela". The Telegraph. Diakses tanggal 2 February 2019.
- ^ Tsvetkova, Maria; Zverev, Anton (25 January 2019). "Exclusive: Kremlin-linked contractors help guard Venezuela's Maduro..." Reuters. Diakses tanggal 26 January 2019.
- ^ Rama, Edi (24 January 2019). "#Albania recognizes Juan Guaidó as the Interim President of Venezuela. On behalf of the people of #Albania I wish to @JGuaido and the brave venezuelans to succeed in getting rid of the illegitimate power that has turned their country in a hell for its own people #VenezuelaLibre". Twitter. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2019.
- ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
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- ^ Vella, Redacció, Agències, Andorra la (5 February 2019). "Andorra reconeix Guaidó com a president veneçolà". DiariAndorra.ad. Diakses tanggal 15 February 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Pronunciamento de Apoyo a Gobierno de Transicion en Venezuela". Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto. Government of Argentina. Diakses tanggal 25 January 2019.
The delegations of Argentina, Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, the United States, Honduras, Guatemala, Haiti, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and the Dominican Republic reaffirm the right to democracy enjoyed by the peoples of the Americas ... In this context, we recognize and express our full support to the President of the National Assembly, Juan Guaidó, who has assumed the role of President in charge of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, in accordance with the constitutional norms and the illegitimacy of the Nicolás Maduro regime.
- ^ "Statement on Venezuela". Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Government of Australia. Diakses tanggal 28 January 2019.
Australia recognises and supports the President of the National Assembly, Juan Guaidó, in assuming the position of interim president
- ^ "Austria recognizes Guaido as interim president of Venezuela: Kurz". Reuters. 4 February 2019. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019.
- ^ Kurz, Sebastian (4 February 2019). "El régimen de #Maduro se ha negado hasta la fecha a aceptar unas elecciones presidenciales libres y justas. Por este motivo, consideramos desde este momento al Presidente @jguaido como Presidente interino legítimo de conformidad con la Constitución venezolana" (dalam bahasa Spanish). twitter. Diakses tanggal 7 February 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Ministry of Foreign Affairs Poland (4 February 2019). "Joint declaration on #Venezuela". twitter. Diakses tanggal 7 February 2019.
- ^ Reynders, Didier (4 February 2019). "We steunen @jguaido in zijn opdracht om vrije en transparante verkiezingen te organiseren, zodat de bevolking zich vrij kan uitspreken en zodat er in #Venezuela verzoening kan komen. We steunen de contactgroep, opgericht met de #EU, in deze overgangsperiode" (dalam bahasa Dutch). Twitter. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019.
- ^ "Позиция на МВнР". www.mfa.bg. Diakses tanggal 15 February 2019.
- ^ Zaharieva, Ekaterina (6 February 2019). "Today the #Bulgarian government decided to officially support and accept @jguaido as acting President of #Venezuela. We need a new democratic presidential vote. Committed to the better future of the people of 🇻🇪. Looking forward to the first meeting of the EU-driven #ContactGroup". Twitter. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2019.
- ^ "Радев поиска България да не подкрепя опозицията във Венецуела". Mediapool.bg. Diakses tanggal 15 February 2019.
- ^ "Радев пак разкритикува правителството за Венецуела | Политика". offnews.bg. Diakses tanggal 15 February 2019.
- ^ "Радев поиска да не подкрепяме европейската позиция за ситуацията във Венецуела | Политика". offnews.bg. Diakses tanggal 15 February 2019.
- ^ "Радев иска България да се въздържи от позиция за Венецуела | webcafe.bg". www.webcafe.bg. Diakses tanggal 15 February 2019.
- ^ "Радев атакува Борисов, сравни България с Венецуела". Vesti.bg. Diakses tanggal 15 February 2019.
- ^ MVEP/MFEA (4 February 2019). "RH podupire demokratski izabrana tijela Venezuele i pridružuje se zemljama članicama EU u izjavi. U skladu s Ustavom potrebno je provesti slobodne, pravedne i demokratske predsjedničke izbore" (dalam bahasa Croatian). Twitter. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019.
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs Poland (4 February 2019). "Phone call between FMs #Czaputowicz and Roberto Ampuero Espinoza...The chief of Polish diplomacy told that in view of Nicolas Maduro's ailure to call early presidential elections, Poland intended to recognize @jguaido, as..interim president". Twitter. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019.
- ^ Petříček, Tomáš (4 February 2019). "I welcome that the Government of the Czech Republic recognizes Juan #Guaidó as Interim President of #Venezuela who should lead his country to the democratic elections". Twitter. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f "EU countries recognise Juan Guaidó as interim Venezuelan leader". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019.
European countries including Spain, France, the UK, Sweden and Denmark have recognised Juan Guaidó as interim president of Venezuela in a coordinated move made after a deadline for Nicolás Maduro to call presidential elections expired.
- ^ Samuelsen, Anders (4 February 2019). "Denmark recognises the President of the National Assembly @jguaido as the interim President of #Venezuela until new free and democratic elections take place. Applaud similar statements from key EU partners. Important EU statement coming up #dkpol". twitter. Diakses tanggal 7 February 2019.
- ^ Estonian MFA (4 February 2019). "Estonia recognises Juan Guaidó as the Interim President of #Venezuela, people of Venezuela have inalienable right to freely & democratically choose their leaders and to decide about their own future. We expect @jguaido to call for new, free and fair presidential elections". Twitter. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019.
- ^ ulkoministeriö(Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland) (4 February 2019). "FM #Soini: To support the constitutional process in Venezuela, Finland supports Guaido as interim President of Venezuela". Twitter. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019.
- ^ Macron, Emmanuel (4 February 2019). "Les Vénézuéliens ont le droit de s'exprimer librement et démocratiquement. La France reconnaît @jguaido comme " président en charge " pour mettre en œuvre un processus électoral. Nous soutenons le Groupe de contact, créé avec l'UE, dans cette période de transition" (dalam bahasa French). twitter. Diakses tanggal 7 February 2019.
- ^ "Mamuka Bakhtadze: Georgia recognizes Juan Guaido as Interim President of Venezuela and supports courageous people of Venezuela in their fight for democracy". 1TV. 24 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2019.
- ^ Bakhtadze, Mamuka (24 January 2019). "🇬🇪 recognizes @jguaido as Interim President of #Venezuela. We express hope that @AsambleaVE will establish a transitional government, prepare free & fair elections & ensure peaceful transition of power. 🇬🇪 supports the courageous people of Venezuela in their fight for democracy". twitter. Diakses tanggal 7 February 2019.
- ^ "Germany Recognises Guaido as Legitimate Interim President of Venezuela". NY Times. 4 February 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-02-04. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019.
- ^ Seibert, Steffen (4 February 2019). "Kanzlerin #Merkel zu #Venezuela: Juan #Guaidó ist aus deutscher Sicht der legitime Interimspräsident für die Aufgabe, einen Wahlprozess zu initiieren. Wir hoffen, dass sich dieser Prozess möglichst kurz und friedlich gestaltet" (dalam bahasa German). Twitter. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019.
- ^ "Hungary supports the Spanish People's Party's position with relation to Venezuela". Website of the Hungarian Government. 31 January 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-11. Diakses tanggal 31 January 2019.
- ^ Þór, Guðlaugur (4 February 2019). "Iceland supports @jguaido as the Interim President of Venezuela. Free and fair elections should now be called and the will of the people respected". Twitter. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019.
- ^ Irish Foreign Ministry (6 February 2019). "Tánaiste @simoncoveney announces Ireland's support for Mr. Juan Guaidó. Full statement available at." Twitter. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2019.
- ^ "Israel recognizes Guaido as leader of Venezuela". Reuters. 27 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 27 January 2019.
'Israel joins the United States, Canada, most of the countries of Latin America and countries in Europe in recognizing the new leadership in Venezuela,' said Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in a statement.
- ^ PM of Israel (27 January 2019). "Israel joins the United States, Canada, most of the countries of Latin America and countries in Europe in recognizing the new leadership in Venezuela". twitter. Diakses tanggal 7 February 2019.
- ^ "Gobierno italiano reconoció a Guaidó como presidente". El Tiempo (dalam bahasa Spanyol). 13 February 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-10-23. Diakses tanggal 13 February 2019.
'El diputado de Forza Italia adscrito a la Comisión de Relaciones Exteriores, Guglielmo Picchi, informó este miércoles que el gobierno italiano reconoce a Juan Guaidó como presidente interino de Venezuela.
- ^ Rinkēvičs, Edgars (4 February 2019). "Latvia recognises and supports Mr. Juan Guaidó, President of the democratically elected National Assembly, as President ad interim of #Venezuela. We call for free, fair and democratic presidential elections @jguaido". Twitter. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019.
- ^ Linkevicius, Linas (4 February 2019). "#Lithuania joins other #EU MS in supporting & acknowledging @jguaido, President of @AsambleaVE, as VZ President ad interim. We expect free & democratic elections, strongly support ICG, initiated by EU. Democracy & rule of law in #Venezuela must be restored, human rights protected". Twitter. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019.
- ^ MFA Luxembourg (4 February 2019). "Jean #Asselborn: like most #EU partners #Luxembourg recognizes the President of the democratically elected National Assembly Juan #Guaidó as interim President of #Venezuela with the authority to implement process leading to free, fair & democratic presidential elections @jguaido". Twitter. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019.
- ^ Government of Malta (5 February 2019). "Statement by the Government of Malta". Government of Malta. Diakses tanggal 5 February 2019.
- ^ "Marshall Islands recognises Venezuela's Juan Guaido". RNZ. 7 February 2019. Diakses tanggal 9 February 2019.
- ^ "Montenegro supports the position of European partners on the need for holding free and democratic elections in Venezuela". MVP(Ministry of Foreign Affairs). 6 February 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-02-07. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2019.
- ^ "Venezuela : Le Maroc apporte son soutien au président autoproclamé Juan Guaido". L'Orient le jour (dalam bahasa French). Diakses tanggal 29 January 2019.
- ^ Blok, Stef (4 February 2019). "The eight-day period to call for free democratic and transparent elections in Venezuela expired today. The Kingdom of the Netherlands recognizes @jguaido as interim-President of Venezuela. We want freedom and democracy to return to Venezuela asap". Twitter. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019.
- ^ Dimitrov, Nikola (4 February 2019). "The Republic of Macedonia, in line with its European partners, supports and considers the President of the Venezuelan Assembly, @jguaido as Interim President, in accordance with the Constitution, in order to organize free, fair and democratic presidential elections". Twitter. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019.
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs Poland (4 February 2019). "Phone call between FMs #Czaputowicz and Roberto Ampuero Espinoza...The chief of Polish diplomacy told that in view of Nicolas Maduro's failure to call early presidential elections, Poland intended to recognize @jguaido, as..interim president". Twitter. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019.
- ^ RepúblicaPortuguesa (4 February 2019). "more Portugal reconhece Juan Guaidó como Presidente interino da Venezuela em declaração do Ministro dos @ nestrangeiro_pt" (dalam bahasa Portuguese). Twitter. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019.
- ^ Mihai Roman (8 February 2019). "România îl recunoaște pe Juan Guaidó ca Președinte interimar al Venezuelei – comunicat al Administrației Prezidențiale". G4Media (dalam bahasa Romanian).
- ^ Iohannis, Klaus (8 February 2019). "Romania officially recognized Juan Guaidó as interim president of # Venezuela". twitter. Diakses tanggal 9 February 2019.
- ^ "STA: Slovenia recognises Juan Guaido as interim president of Venezuela". english.sta.si. Diakses tanggal 15 February 2019.
- ^ Sanchez, Pedro (4 February 2019). "Reconozco como presidente encargado de Venezuela a @jguaido, con un horizonte claro: la convocatoria de elecciones presidenciales libres, democráticas, con garantías y sin exclusiones. No daré ni un paso atrás. Por la libertad, la democracia y la concordia en #Venezuela" (dalam bahasa Spanish). Diakses tanggal 7 February 2019.
- ^ Wallstroem, Margot (4 February 2019). "Sweden supports and acknowledges Juan Guaidó as the Interim President of Venezuela, in accordance with the country's constitution, free and fair elections should now be called". twitter. Diakses tanggal 7 February 2019.
- ^ "Відповідь Речниці МЗС України Катерини Зеленко для ЗМІ щодо політичної кризи у Венесуелі". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-02-07. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019.
- ^ "MFA: Ukraine backs Venezuelan opposition leader". www.unian.info. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019.
- ^ "Wall Street Journal: Juan Guaidó recognized as Venezuela's president by major EU countries". Wall Street Journal. 4 February 2019. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019 – via Kyiv Post.
- ^ Hunt, Jeremy (4 February 2019). "Nicolas Maduro has not called Presidential elections within 8 day limit we have set. So UK alongside European allies now recognises @jguaido as interim constitutional president until credible elections can be held. Let's hope this takes us closer to ending humanitarian crisis". twitter. Diakses tanggal 7 February 2019.
- ^ "Kosovo recognises Venezuela opposition leader as president". www.gazetaexpress.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-01-24. Diakses tanggal 2019-02-02.
- ^ "EU parliament recognizes Guaido as Venezuelan interim president". Reuters (dalam bahasa Inggris). 31 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 31 January 2019.
- ^ Wyss, Jim (4 January 2019). "Lima Group says it won't recognize Maduro's new term as president of Venezuela". Miami Herald (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 14 January 2019.
- ^ Moreno, Luis Alberto (23 January 2019). "El BID manifiesta su voluntad de trabajar con el Presidente Interino de Venezuela, Juan Guaidó, para asegurar la continuidad de nuestro apoyo al desarrollo del pueblo venezolano". Twitter (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Diakses tanggal 24 January 2019.
- ^ "La Internacional Socialista reconoce los esfuerzos de Juan Guaidó y pide elecciones en Venezuela". RPP (dalam bahasa Spanyol). 30 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 31 January 2019.
- ^ "Comité de Acreedores de Venezuela asegura que no negociará con el "régimen actual"". Efecto Cocuyo (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-04-15. Diakses tanggal 12 January 2019.
- ^ "Monseñor Ovidio Pérez Morales: La Iglesia venezolana declara ilegítimo al régimen comunista y respalda a la AN". La Patilla (dalam bahasa Spanyol). 15 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 16 January 2019.
- ^ "Fedecámaras no puede convalidar un "gobierno cuestionado por su legitimidad de origen"". EC. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-04-15. Diakses tanggal 12 January 2019.
- ^ "Frente Institucional de militares retirados anuncia su apoyo irrestricto a Juan Guaidó (Comunicado)". La Patilla (dalam bahasa Spanyol). 13 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 15 January 2019.
- ^ "Juan Guaidó y FAVL afinan agenda única para movilización del 23Ene". Analitica (dalam bahasa Spanish). 12 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 12 January 2019.
- ^ "Juan Guaidó: Me apego a los artículos 333, 350 y 233 para lograr el cese de la usurpación y convocar elecciones libres con la unión del pueblo, FAN y comunidad internacional" (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-05-02. Diakses tanggal 11 January 2019.
- ^ a b c d Hanke, Jakob; von der Burchard, Hans (24 January 2019). "Brussels caught off-guard by Venezuela's political turmoil". POLITICO. Diakses tanggal 26 January 2019.
In a declaration published late Wednesday, EU foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini said the EU ... “fully supports the national assembly as the democratically elected institution whose powers need to be restored and respected.” ... Kocijančič said Mogherini’s statement had been “agreed with all 28 member states" ...
- ^ "Concerned Guyana government urges dialogue as Venezuela's woes worsen". Kaieteur News. 25 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 29 January 2019.
- ^ "Japón lamenta investidura de Maduro y Honduras también se pronuncia - Efecto Cocuyo". efectococuyo.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-04-16. Diakses tanggal 2019-02-02.
- ^ Lies, Elaine (4 February 2019). "Japan PM Abe: wants stable, democratic, prompt solution to Venezuela situation". Reuters. Diakses tanggal 5 February 2019.
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ROC (Taiwan) [@MOFA_Taiwan] (27 January 2019). "#Taiwan stands with the forces of freedom. We're keeping a close eye on the situation in #Venezuela & are willing & able to provide humanitarian assistance. It's imperative democratic order is restored & the people can enjoy freedom & a swift return to normal life" (Tweet). Diakses tanggal 28 January 2019 – via Twitter.
- ^ "Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the European Union on latest developments in Venezuela". Council of the European Union. 23 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 23 January 2019.
The EU fully supports the national assembly as the democratically elected institution whose powers need to be restored and respected.
- ^ "Divided Italy blocks EU statement on recognizing Venezuela's Guaido". Reuters. 4 February 2019. Diakses tanggal 8 February 2019.
- ^ "Jamaica Observer Limited". Jamaica Observer. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-11-05. Diakses tanggal 2019-02-02.
- ^ "Armenia follows developments in Venezuela, hopes for peaceful solution: MFA spokesperson". Aysor.
- ^ Writer, Staff (29 January 2019). "CARICOM optimistic of peaceful solution to Venezuelan crisis". Barbados Today Newspaper. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019.
St Kitts-Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, and Belize abstained during the vote while Grenada was not present.
- ^ "Prime Minister Barrow speaks out against foreign intervention in Nicaragua and Venezuela". Breaking Belize News. 20 January 2019.
- ^ "Jamaica Observer Limited". Jamaica Observer. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-11-07. Diakses tanggal 2019-02-02.
- ^ Chaudhury, Dipanjan (25 January 2019). "India refuses to join efforts to recognise self-declared president of Venezuela". The Economic Times.
- ^ "India calls for dialogue in Venezuela". Anadolu Agency. 25 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 29 January 2019.
- ^ "Indonesia calls for restraint in Venezuela". The Jakarta Post. 26 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 29 January 2019.
- ^ "UN Security Council's African members support Venezuela's Maduro". Africa Times. 27 January 2019.
- ^ "Kuwait urges dialogue to end political standoff in Venezuela". Kuwait News Agency. 27 January 2019.
- ^ "Maduro v Guaido: Who is backing whom amid crisis in Venezuela". The Straits Times. 28 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 5 February 2019.
- ^ "The Latest: Venezuela opposition leader backs US sanctions". Star Tribune. Associated Press. 29 January 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-12-27. Diakses tanggal 30 January 2019.
- ^ "Press release on recent political developments in Venezuela - Ministry of Foreign Affairs Nepal MOFA". Government of Nepal Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2019.
- ^ Roy, Eleanor Ainge (29 January 2019). "Venezuela crisis: New Zealand refuses to back Guaidó as interim president". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal 29 January 2019.
- ^ Bjørgaas, Tove. "Sverige og Danmark anerkjenner Guaido – Norge vil ikke". NRK.no (dalam bahasa Norwegia). Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019.
- ^ "Venezuela: San Marino, "Riceviamo l'auspicio del Papa per una soluzione pacifica della crisi"". SMTV San Marino (dalam bahasa Italia). 4 February 2019. Diakses tanggal 10 February 2019.
- ^ "MOFA Spokesperson's Statement on Crisis in Venezuela". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of South Korea. Government of the Republic of Korea. 1 February 2019. Diakses tanggal 5 February 2019.
- ^ Geiser, Urs. "Swiss concerned about the deepening crisis in Venezuela". SWI swissinfo.ch. Diakses tanggal 2 February 2019.
- ^ https://newsday.co.tt/2019/02/15/tt-preserving-neutral-position-on-venezuela/
- ^ "Vatican calls for end to suffering in Venezuela but takes no sides". Reuters. 24 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 2 February 2019.
- ^ "CARICOM on Venezuela: Non-interference, facilitate dialogue". Trindad and Tobago Guardian. 24 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 29 January 2019.
- ^ "UN political chief calls for dialogue to ease tensions in Venezuela; Security Council divided over path to end crisis". UN News. Diakses tanggal 29 January 2019.
- ^ a b "Most Venezuelans think Chavez will recover: poll". Reuters (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2013-02-26. Diakses tanggal 2019-01-31.
- ^ "El 79.9% de los venezolanos quiere que Maduro negocie ya su salida (encuesta flash Hercon)". La Patilla (dalam bahasa Spanyol). 20 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 20 January 2019.
- ^ "Ni diálogo, ni elecciones... esto es lo que quieren los venezolanos después del #23Ene, según revela encuestadora Meganálisis". La Patilla (dalam bahasa Spanyol). 21 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 22 January 2019.
- ^ "83.7 % de los venezolanos reconocen a Guaidó como el Presidente legítimo de Venezuela (Flash Meganálisis)". La Patilla (dalam bahasa Spanyol). 26 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 27 January 2019.
- ^ "81,9 % de venezolanos reconoce a Juan Guaidó como presidente de Venezuela (Encuesta Hercón)". La Patilla (dalam bahasa Spanyol). 2019-01-31. Diakses tanggal 2019-01-31.
- ^ "Encuestadora chavista admite que venezolanos desean salir de Maduro". PanAm Post (dalam bahasa Spanyol). 21 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2019.
- ^ Wilpert, Gregory (2018-05-19). "Venezuela's Highly Unusual Presidential Election". Venezuelanalysis.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2019-01-31.
Pro-government pollsters, such as the company Hinterlaces give Maduro a 17 point advantage
- ^ "New poll shows Venezuelans overwhelmingly oppose military intervention and US sanctions". The Canary. 29 January 2019.
- ^ "Hinterlaces: 81% de los venezolanos desconoce a Guaidó como líder político". 20 January 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-03-19. Diakses tanggal 2019-02-02.