Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Mandarin: Perbedaan antara revisi
Tampilan
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k Kucing gelap memindahkan halaman Bantuan:IPA untuk bahasa Mandarin ke Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Mandarin |
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
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Baris 1: | Baris 1: | ||
{{IPA key|H:IPA-CMN}} |
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{{untuk|Bantuan pengucapan dalam IPA|Bantuan:Pengucapan}} |
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Tabel dibawah ini berisi informasi mengenai [[Fonem|fonem-fonem]] dalam [[bahasa Mandarin]] serta cara pelafalannya dalam [[Alfabet Fonetik Internasional|Alfabet Fonetik Internasional (IPA)]], yang akan digunakan pada artikel-artikel Wikipedia. |
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{{pemutakhiran}} |
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{{Templat:Bantuan:Bantuan/seri tab}}<!-- templat ini hanya digunakan untuk halaman Bantuan: , bukan Wikipedia:--> |
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Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat [[fonologi bahasa Tionghoa Standar]] |
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{{Templat:Bantuan:Bantuan/sidebar}}<!-- templat ini hanya digunakan untuk halaman Bantuan: , bukan Wikipedia:--> |
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{{Wikipedia IPA}} |
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Tabel di bawah ini menunjukkan [[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional]] (''International Phonetic Alphabet - IPA'') yang dipakai untuk menulis pelafalan dalam [[bahasa Mandarin]] pada artikel-artikel di Wikipedia. |
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{| style="background: none" |
{| style="background: none" |
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|----- |
|----- |
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| |
| style="vertical-align:top;" | |
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{| class="wikitable |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
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| |
! colspan="6" | [[Konsonan]] |
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|- |
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! [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! [[Hanyu Pinyin]]!! [[Wade–Giles]] !! [[Bopomofo]] !! Contoh dalam bahasa Mandarin !! Kemiripan bunyi dalam bahasa Indonesia |
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|- |
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| <big>{{IPA link|ɕ}}</big>{{efn|name=palatal}} |
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| x |
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| hs |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄒ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese-x-晓.wav|晓/曉/xiǎo|help=no}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | mirip seperti pelafalan konsonan{{Angbr|s}}pada kata '''s'''angat, namun dilafalkan dengan bagian ujung lidah melipat ke bagian atas liidah. |
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|- |
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| <big>{{IPA link|f}}</big> |
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| colspan="2" | f |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄈ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-f-非.wav|非/fēi|help=no}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | '''f'''irasat |
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|- |
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| <big>{{IPA link|j}}</big> |
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| colspan="2" | y-/-i- |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-y-牙.wav|牙/yá|help=no}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | '''y'''ang |
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|- |
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| <big>{{IPA link|k}}</big> |
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| g |
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| k |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄍ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese-g-干.wav|干/gān|help=no}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | '''k'''amu |
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|- |
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| <big>{{IPA|kʰ}}</big> |
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| k |
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| k' |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄎ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese-k-口-pronunciation.wav|口/kǒu|help=no}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | mirip seperti pelafalan konsonan {{Angbr|k}} pada kata '''k'''awan, namun dilafalkan dengan [[Aspirasi (linguistik)|hembusan nafas yang kuat]] |
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|- |
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| <big>{{IPA link|l}}</big> |
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| colspan="2" | l |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄌ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese-l-来-pronunciation.wav|来/來/lái|help=no}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | '''l'''aju |
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|- |
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| <big>{{IPA link|m}}</big> |
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| colspan="2" | m |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄇ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-m-明.wav|明/míng|help=no}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | '''m'''asak |
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|- |
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| <big>{{IPA link|n}}</big> |
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| colspan=2| n |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄋ,ㄣ,ㄢ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-n-泥.wav|泥/ní|help=no}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | '''n'''asi |
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|- |
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| <big>{{IPA link|ŋ}}</big> |
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| colspan="2" | -ng |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄥ,ㄤ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-j-江.wav|江/jiāng|help=no}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | '''ng'''a'''ng'''a |
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|- |
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| <big>{{IPA link|p}}</big> |
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| b |
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| p |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄅ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-b-帮.wav|帮/幫/bāng|help=no}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | '''p'''anas |
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|- |
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| <big>{{IPA|pʰ}}</big> |
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| p |
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| p' |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄆ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-p-滂.wav|滂/páng|help=no}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | mirip seperti pelafalan konsonan {{Angbr|p}} pada kata '''p'''intar, namun dilafalkan dengan hembusan nafas yang kuat |
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|- |
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| <big>{{IPA link|ʐ}}{{efn|name=r sym|Also transcribed as {{IPA link|ɻ}} in some literature.}}</big> |
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| r- |
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| j |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄖ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-日.wav|日/rì|help=no}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | mirip seperti pengucapan konsonan {{Angbr|z}} pada kata '''z'''aman, namun dilafalkan dengan bagian ujung lidah [[Konsonan retrofleks|ditarik ke belakang]] |
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|- |
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| <big>{{IPA link|s}}</big> |
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| colspan="2" | s |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄙ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-私.wav|私/sī|help=no}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | '''s'''ana |
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|- |
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| <big>{{IPA link|ʂ}}</big> |
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| colspan="2" | sh |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄕ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-矢.wav|矢/shǐ|help=no}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" |mirip seperti pengucapan konsonan {{Angbr|s}} pada kata '''s'''aya, namun dilafalkan dengan bagian ujung lidah ditarik ke belakang |
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|- |
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| <big>{{IPA link|t}}</big> |
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| d |
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| t |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄉ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-d-端.wav|端/duān|help=no}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | '''t'''ahu |
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|- |
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| <big>{{IPA|tʰ}}</big> |
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| t |
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| t' |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄊ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-t-透.wav|透/tòu|help=no}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | mirip seperti pelafalan konsonan {{Angbr|t}} pada kata '''t'''awa, namun dilafalkan dengan hembusan nafas yang kuat |
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|- |
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| <big>{{IPA link|tɕ}}</big>{{efn|name=palatal|Dalam bahasa Mandarin, konsonan {{IPA|[ɕ, tɕ, tɕʰ]}} adalah konsonan yang selalu diikuti oleh fonem {{IPA|[i]}} {{IPA|[j]}}, {{IPA|[y]}}, serta {{IPA|[ɥ]}}.}} |
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| j |
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| ch |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄐ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-j-叫.wav|叫/jiào|help=no}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | mirip seperti pelafalan konsonan {{Angbr|c}} pada kata '''c'''erdas, namun dilafalkan dengan posisi lidah agak dekat dengan [[Konsonan palatal|langit-langit mulut]] |
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|- |
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| <big>{{IPA|tɕʰ}}</big> |
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| q |
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| ch' |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄑ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-q-去.wav|去/qù|help=no}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | pelafalannya mirip seperti yang sudah dijelaskan di atas, namun dilafalkan dengan hembusan nafas yang kuat |
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|- |
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| <big>{{IPA link|ts}}</big> |
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| z |
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| ts |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄗ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-z-子.wav|子/zǐ|help=no}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | '''ts'''unami |
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|- |
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| <big>{{IPA|tsʰ}}</big> |
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| c |
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| ts' |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄘ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-此.wav|此/cǐ|help=no}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | mirip seperti pelafalan konsonan {{Angbr|ts}}pada kata '''ts'''unami, namun dilafalkan dengan hembusan nafas yang kuat |
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|- |
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| <big>{{IPA link|ʈʂ}}</big> |
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| zh |
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| ch |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄓ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese-zh-之.wav|{{Lang|zh|之/zhī}}|help=no}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" |mirip seperti pengucapan konsonan {{Angbr|c}} pada kata '''c'''ara, namun dilafalkan dengan bagian ujung lidah ditarik ke belakang |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPA|ʈʂʰ}}</big> |
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| ch |
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| ch' |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄔ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese-ch-吃-pronunciation.wav|{{Lang|zh|吃/chī}}|help=no}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" |pelafalannya mirip seperti yang sudah dijelaskan di atas, namun dilafalkan dengan hembusan nafas yang kuat |
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|- |
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| <big>{{IPA link|w}}</big> |
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| colspan="2" | w-/-u- |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-w-我.wav|我/wǒ|help=no}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | '''w'''anita |
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|- |
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| <big>{{IPA link|x}}</big> |
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| colspan="2" | h |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄏ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-h-火.wav|火/huǒ|help=no}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" |'''kh'''ianat |
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|- |
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| <big>{{IPA link|ɥ}}</big>{{efn|name=v|''ü'' ({{IPAslink|y}}) dieja sebagai ''u'' pada huruf ''y'', karena dalam romanisasi Hanyu-Pinyin, vokal {{IPAslink|u}} tidak dapat terjadi pada konsonan tersebut.}} |
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| yu-/-ü- |
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| yü-/-ü- |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄩ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese-ü-月-pronunciation.wav|月/yuè|help=no}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | tidak ada; cara untuk melafalkan konsonan ini adalah dengan mengucapkan konsonan {{Angbr|y}}dan {{Angbr|w}}secara bersamaan |
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|- |
|- |
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![[Bantuan:IPA|IPA]] !! [[Pinyin]] !! [[Bopomofo]] !! Bahasa Indonesia |
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|- align=center |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Voiceless bilabial plosive.ogg|p}}</big>|| b || ㄅ |
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|align=left| '''p'''aku |
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|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPA|[pʰ]}}</big>|| p || ㄆ |
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|align=left| '''b'''atu |
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|- align=center |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Bilabial nasal.ogg|m}}</big>|| m || ㄇ |
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|align=left| '''m'''ana |
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|- align=center |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Voiceless labiodental fricative.ogg|f}}</big>|| f || ㄈ |
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|align=left| '''f'''akir |
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|- align=center |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Voiceless alveolar plosive.ogg|t}}</big>|| d || ㄉ |
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|align=left| '''t'''etapi |
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|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPA|[tʰ]}}</big>|| t || ㄊ |
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|align=left| '''d'''elapan |
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|- align=center |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Alveolar nasal.ogg|n}}</big>|| n-, -an, -en || ㄋ, ㄢ, ㄣ |
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|align=left| '''n'''egara |
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|- align=center |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Alveolar lateral approximant.ogg|l}}</big>|| l || ㄌ |
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|align=left| '''l'''elaki |
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|- align=center |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Voiceless velar plosive.ogg|k}}</big>|| g || ㄍ |
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|align=left| '''k'''era |
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|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPA|[kʰ]}}</big>|| k || ㄎ |
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|align=left| '''g'''erak |
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|- align=center |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Voiceless velar fricative.ogg|x}}</big>|| h || ㄏ |
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|align=left| '''h'''endak |
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|- align=center |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg|tɕ}}</big>|| j || ㄐ |
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|align=left| '''c'''icak |
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|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPA|[tɕʰ]}}</big>|| q || ㄑ |
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|align=left| '''j'''inak |
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|- align=center |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg|ɕ}}</big>|| x || ㄒ |
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|align=left| '''s'''iapa |
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|- align=center |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Voiceless retroflex affricate.ogg|tʂ}}</big>|| zh || ㄓ |
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|align=left| ''pi'''tch'''er'' (Inggris) |
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|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPA|[tʂʰ]}}</big>|| ch || ㄔ |
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|align=left| '''''ch'''urch'' (Inggris) |
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|- align=center |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Voiceless retroflex sibilant.ogg|ʂ}}</big>|| sh || ㄕ |
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|align=left| '''''s'''ure'' (Inggris) |
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|- align=center |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Voiced retroflex sibilant.ogg|ʐ}}</big>|| r- || ㄖ<ref>{{IPA|[ʐ]}} dapat diucap {{IPA|[ɻ]}}.</ref> |
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|align=left| '''''Zs'''a '''Zs'''a'' (awal suku kata) |
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|- align=center |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Voiceless alveolar affricate.ogg|ts}}</big>|| z || ㄗ |
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|align=left| '''c'''ecak |
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|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPA|[tsʰ]}}</big>|| c || ㄘ |
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|align=left| '''j'''erapah |
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|- align=center |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Voiceless alveolar sibilant.ogg|s}}</big>|| s || ㄙ |
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|align=left| '''s'''ebuah |
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|- align=center |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Retroflex approximant.ogg|ɻ}}</big>|| -r || ㄦ |
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|align=left| a'''r'''ia (akhir suku kata) |
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|- align=center |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Velar nasal.ogg|ŋ}}</big>|| -ng (-ang, -eng) || ㄤ, ㄥ |
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|align=left| bolo'''ng''' |
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|- align=center |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Voiceless retroflex affricate.ogg|w}}</big>|| w-, -u- || ㄨ |
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|align=left| '''w'''alau |
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|- align=center |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Palatal approximant.ogg|j}}</big>|| y-, -i- || ㄧ |
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|align=left| '''y'''a |
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|- align=center |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Labial-palatal approximant.ogg|ɥ}}</big>|| yu-, -ü-<ref name="v">''ü'' ({{IPA|[y], [ɥ]}}) dieja u setelah j, q, x sebagai {{IPA|[u]}}, {{IPA|[w]}} tidak dapat terjadi setelah konsonan tersebut.</ref> || ㄩ |
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|align=left| (simultan ''y'' dan ''w'') |
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|} |
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| |
| style="vertical-align:top;" | |
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{| class=" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
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! colspan="6" | [[Vokal]] |
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! [[ |
! [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! [[Hanyu Pinyin]]!! [[Wade–Giles]] !! [[Bopomofo]] !! Contoh dalam bahasa Mandarin !! Kemiripan bunyi dalam bahasa Indonesia |
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|- |
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| rowspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|ä|a}}</big> |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Open front unrounded vowel.ogg|a}}</big>|| a ''(a, an)'' || ㄚ, ㄢ |
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| colspan="2" | a |
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| Agak seperti ''c'''a'''r'' (inggris) |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄚ,ㄢ,ㄤ}} |
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| {{Lang|zh|阿,安,盎}} |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-align: left;" | '''a'''sik |
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|- |
|- |
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| '''e'''r |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Open back unrounded vowel.ogg|ɑ}}</big>|| a ''(ang)'', e ''(er)'' || ㄤ, ㄦ |
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| '' |
| '''ê'''rh |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄦ}} |
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| {{Lang|zh|二,兒(儿)}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|ɛ}}~{{IPA link|æ}}</big> |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Open-mid back rounded vowel.ogg|ɔ}}</big> || o ''(wo<ref>''uo'' dieja dengan ''o'' ketika didahului oleh b, p, m atau f, tetapi diucapkan sama.</ref>)'' || ㄛ |
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| |
| y'''a'''n/-i'''a'''n |
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| y'''e'''n/-i'''e'''n |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧㄢ}} |
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| {{Lang|zh|言}} |
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| rowspan="2" style="text-align: left;" | t'''e'''h |
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|- |
|- |
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| colspan=2 | yu'''a'''n/-ü'''a'''n |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Close-mid back unrounded vowel.ogg|ɤ}}</big>|| [[pepet|e]] || ㄜ |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄩㄢ}} |
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| Agak seperti ''h'''ur'''t'' (Inggris) |
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| {{Lang|zh|元}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| <big>{{IPA link|e̞|e}}</big> |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Mid-central vowel.ogg|ə}}</big>|| e ''(en<ref name="short form"/>, eng)'' || ㄣ, ㄥ |
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| y'''e'''/-i'''e''', yu'''e'''/-ü'''e''' |
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| g'''e'''las |
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| eh |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄝ}} |
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| {{Lang|zh|也,月}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | '''e'''nak |
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|- |
|- |
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| <big>{{IPA link|ə}}</big> |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Open-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg|ɛ}}</big>|| é ''(ye)'', a ''(yan, yuan)'' || ㄝ,ㄧㄢ , ㄩㄢ |
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| '''e'''n,{{efn|name=short form}} '''e'''ng |
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| t'''e'''h |
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| '''ê'''n, '''ê'''ng |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄣ,ㄥ}} |
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| {{Lang|zh|本,冷}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | p'''e'''p'''e'''t, m'''e'''nang |
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|- |
|- |
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|<big>{{IPA| |
|<big>{{IPA link|ɚ}}</big> |
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| er |
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| cap'''ai''' |
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| êrh |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄦ}} |
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| {{Lang|zh|二,兒(儿)}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | {{efn|The rhotic vowel also appears in [[erhua]].}}tidak ada; bunyi yang paling mirip adalah pelafalan kata ''h'''er''''' dalam [[bahasa Inggris Amerika]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| <big>{{IPA link|ɤ}}</big> |
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|<big>{{IPA|[eɪ]}}</big>|| ei<ref name="short form">''wei, you, wen'' dieja ''ui, iu, un'' masing dalam pinyin, tapi diucapkan identik, ketika didahului oleh konsonan.</ref>|| ㄟ |
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| e |
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| h'''ei''' |
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| ê / o{{efn|name=eo|This sound is spelled ⟨o⟩ after ⟨k, k', h⟩ in Wade-Giles.}} |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄜ}} |
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| {{Lang|zh|厄}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | mirip seperti pelafalan vokal {{Angbr|o}} pada kata '''o'''rang, namun dilafalkan tanpa [[Vokal takbulat setengah tertutup belakang|bibir dan mulut dibulatkan]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|<big>{{IPA| |
| <big>{{IPA link|i}}</big> |
||
| colspan="2" | yi/-i |
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| kal'''au''' |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧ}} |
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| {{Lang|zh|李}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | '''i'''kan |
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|- |
|- |
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|<big>{{IPA| |
| <big>{{IPA link|o̞|o}}</big> |
||
| w'''o'''/-u'''o'''{{efn|name=py-o| This sound is spelled ⟨o⟩ after ⟨b, p, m, f⟩ in Pinyin.}}/-'''o'''u |
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| ''h'''oe''''' (Inggris) |
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| o{{efn|name=wg-o|{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄛ}} is spelled as ⟨o⟩, except for ⟨k, k', h, sh⟩ (as ⟨kuo, k'uo, huo, shuo⟩) in Wade-Giles.}} |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄛ}} |
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| {{Lang|zh|果}},{{Lang|zh|狗}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | '''o'''tak |
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|- |
|- |
||
| <big>{{IPA|ɻ̩}}</big> |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Close front unrounded vowel.ogg|i}}</big>|| yi/-i ''(yi, yin, ying)'' || ㄧ |
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| zh'''i''', ch'''i''', sh'''i''', r'''i''' |
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| '''i'''ni |
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| ih |
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| rowspan=2 | {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄭ}}{{efn|name=rare sym|This symbol is rarely used and usually omitted during writing.}} |
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| {{Lang|zh|之,吃,師(师),日}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | tidak ada; fonem {{IPA|/ɻ̩/}} merupakan bentuk silabis dari konsonan /{{IPAlink|ɻ}}/ |
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|- |
|- |
||
| <big>{{IPA|ɹ̩}}</big> |
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|{{bunyiIPA|Close back rounded vowel.ogg|u}}</big> || wu/-u || ㄨ |
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| |
| z'''i''', c'''i''', s'''i''' |
||
| ŭ |
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| {{Lang|zh|子,次,私}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | tidak ada; fonem {{IPA|/ɹ̩/}} merupakan bentuk silabis dari konsonan /{{IPAlink|ɹ}}/ |
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|- |
|- |
||
| <big>{{IPA link|u}}</big> |
|||
|{{bunyiIPA|Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg|ʊ}}</big> || o ''(ong)'' || ㄨㄥ |
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| colspan="2" | wu/-u |
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| rump'''u'''t |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨ}} |
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| {{Lang|zh|土}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | '''u'''ntuk |
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|- |
|- |
||
| <big>{{IPA link|ʊ}}</big> |
|||
|{{bunyiIPA|Close front rounded vowel.ogg|y}}</big> || yu/-ü<ref name="v"/> ''(yu, yun)'' || ㄩ |
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| -'''o'''ng |
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| Agak seperti ''c'''u'''te'' (Inggris) |
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| -'''u'''ng |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄥ,ㄩㄥ}} |
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| {{Lang|zh|冬,用}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | bur'''u'''h |
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|- |
|- |
||
| <big>{{IPA link|y}}</big> |
|||
|{{bunyiIPA|Open-mid front rounded vowel.ogg|œ}}</big>|| e ''(yue)'' || ㄩㄝ |
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| yu/-ü{{efn|name=v}} |
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| ''j'''e'''une'' (Prancis) |
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| yü/-ü |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄩ}} |
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| {{Lang|zh|雨}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | mirip seperti pelafalan vokal {{Angbr|i}} pada kata '''i'''kut, namun dilafalkan dengan [[Vokal bulat tertutup depan|bibir dan mulut dibulatkan]] |
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|- |
|- |
||
! colspan="6" | [[Diphthong]]s |
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|<big>{{IPA|[ɨ]}}</big> |
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| i ''(si, zi, ci, shi, zhi, chi, ri)'' (berdengung)<ref>Vokal sedikit "berdengung" Dalam suku kata ''shi, zhi, chi, ri,'' vokal juga ditarik: {{IPA|[ɨ ˞]}}, bukan seperti ''ir'' dalam kata ''bird'' bahasa Inggris Amerika. Ini kadang-kadang tercantum sebagai suku kata frikatif ({{IPA|[z], [ʐ̩]}}), tapi ada frication kecil.</ref> || ㄭ |
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|- |
|- |
||
| <big>{{IPA|aɪ}}</big> |
|||
! colspan="4"| [[Vokal nasal|Nasal]]<ref>Hanya terjadi di [[erhua]] dan umumnya tidak dianggap sebagai bagian dari persediaan vokal utama.</ref> |
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| colspan="2" | ai |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄞ}} |
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| {{Lang|zh|艾}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | k'''ai'''l |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
| <big>{{IPA|aʊ}}</big> |
||
| colspan="2" | ao |
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| ang ''(angr)'' || |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄠ}} |
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| Tak ada ekuivalen; nasal {{IPA|[ɑ]}} |
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| {{Lang|zh|凹}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | k'''au''' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| <big>{{IPA|eɪ}}</big> |
||
| colspan="2" | ei{{efn|name=short form|''wei'', ''you''/''yu'', ''wen''/''wên'' are spelled respectively ''ui'', ''iu'', ''un'' in Pinyin and Wade-Giles but are pronounced identically when they are preceded by a consonant.}} |
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| eng ''(engr)'' || |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄟ}} |
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| Tak ada ekuivalen; nasal {{IPA|[ə]}} |
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| {{Lang|zh|杯}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | g'''ei'''ser |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
| <big>{{IPA|oʊ}}</big> |
||
| colspan="2" | ou{{efn|name=short form}} |
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| ong ''(ongr)'' || |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄡ}} |
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| Tak ada ekuivalen; nasal {{IPA|[ʊ]}} |
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| {{Lang|zh|歐(欧)}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | '''ow'''e |
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|} |
|} |
||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
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{{wikipedia IPA}} |
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! colspan="7" | [[Nada (linguistik)|Nada]] |
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{| class="wikitable" |
|||
! IPA |
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! Pinyin |
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! Deskripsi |
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|- |
|- |
||
! [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! [[Hanyu Pinyin]]!! [[Wade–Giles]] !! [[Bopomofo]] !! Contoh dalam bahasa mandarin !! [[Angka nada]]!! Penjelasan |
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! colspan=3 | [[Bahasa bernada|Nada]] |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
| <big>{{IPA|[[Tone (linguistics)#Phonetic notation|á]]}}</big> |
||
| ā |
|||
| á, é |
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| a<sup>1</sup> |
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| pertengahan naik: {{IPA|˧˥}} |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄚ}} |
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| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese-巴-pronunciation.wav|{{Lang|zh|巴/bā}}|help=no}} |
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| nada 1 |
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| style="text-align: left;" | nada datar tinggi {{IPA|[˥]}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| <big>{{IPA|[[Tone (linguistics)#Phonetic notation|ǎ]]}}</big> |
||
| á |
|||
| à, è |
|||
| a<sup>2</sup> |
|||
| tinggi jatuh: {{IPA|˥˩}} |
|||
| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄚˊ}} |
|||
| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese-拔.wav|{{Lang|zh|拔/bá}}|help=no}} |
|||
| nada 2 |
|||
| style="text-align: left;" | nada tengah menaik {{IPA|[˧˥]}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| <big>{{IPA|[[Tone (linguistics)#Phonetic notation|à]]}}</big> |
||
| |
| ǎ |
||
| a<sup>3</sup> |
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| tinggi: {{IPA|˥}} |
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| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄚˇ}} |
|||
| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese-third tone-把-pronunciation.wav|{{Lang|zh|把/bǎ}}|help=no}} |
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| nada 3 |
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| style="text-align: left;" | bervariasi: pada posisi tengah, dilafalkan sebagai nada datar rendah {{IPA|[˩]}}; pada posisi awal, dilafalkan sebagai nada tengah menurun {{IPA|[˧˩]}}; pada posisi akhir, dilafalkan sebagai nada rendah menaik {{IPA|[˩˧]}}; pada posisi ''isolasi''/sendirian, dilafalkan sebagai nada naik turun {{IPA|[˧˩˧]}}<!--This is a dipping tone only when it is spoken in isolation. In context, it is pronounced like a phonetic low tone.--> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| <big>{{IPA|[[Tone (linguistics)#Phonetic notation|â]]}}</big> |
||
| |
| à |
||
| a<sup>4</sup> |
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| medial, rendah: {{IPA|˩}} <br />awalnya, pertengahan jatuh: {{IPA|˧˩}} <br />akhirnya, rendah naik: {{IPA|˩˧}} <br />secara terpisah, menukik: {{IPA|˧˩˧}} |
|||
| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄚˋ}} |
|||
| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese-爸-pronunciation.wav|{{Lang|zh|爸/bà}}|help=no}} |
|||
| nada 4 |
|||
| style="text-align: left;" | nada tinggi menurun {{IPA|[˥˩]}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| <big>{{IPA|[[Tone (linguistics)#Phonetic notation|a]]}}</big> |
||
| a |
| a |
||
| a<sup>0</sup> |
|||
| "datar": <br />rendah setelah nada jatuh {{IPA|[â]}}; <br />pertengahan setelah semua nada lain |
|||
| {{Lang|zh-Bopo|˙<!--Placed before the symbol-->ㄚ}} |
|||
| {{audio|Mandarin Chinese-fourth tone-吧-pronunciation.wav|{{Lang|zh|吧/ba}}|help=no}} |
|||
| nada 0 atau 5<br>(tak bernada) |
|||
| style="text-align: left;" | bervariasi; pada nada lainnya (kecuali nada 4), dilafalkan sebagai nada datar tengah {{IPA|[˧]}}; namun pada nada 4, dilafalkan sebagai nada datar rendah {{IPA|[˩]}}<!--The syllable is phonemically toneless but, after a high tone, is phonetically mid.--> |
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|- |
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| colspan="7" | '''Catatan:''' [[Romanisasi]] Hanyu-Pinyin menggunakan diakritik yang sama seperti halnya diakritik yang digunakan oleh IPA, namun dengan nilai yang berbeda. |
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|} |
|} |
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|} |
|} |
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== Lihat pula == |
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* [[Ejaan Wade–Giles]] |
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* [[wikt:Indeks:Pinyin Mandarin]] |
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== Catatan == |
== Catatan == |
||
{{Notelist|30em}} |
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<references/> |
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{{bantuan-stub}} <!-- berikan templat ini apabila halaman berupa halaman bantuan rintisan --> |
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== Referensi == |
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{{Navbox Gabungan Pedoman WBI}} |
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{{Refbegin}} |
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[[Kategori:Wikipedia IPA|Mandarin]] |
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* {{cite book |given = San |surname = Duanmu |title = The Phonology of Standard Chinese |edition = 2nd |location = Oxford |publisher = Oxford University Press |year = 2007 }} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:{{PAGENAME}}}} |
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* {{cite journal |surname1 = Lee |given1 = Wai-Sum |surname2 = Zee |given2 = Eric |year = 2003 |title = Standard Chinese (Beijing) |journal = Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume = 33 |issue = 1 |pages = 109–112 |doi = 10.1017/S0025100303001208 |url = https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/050A393AF2D3C325E3C6796FE8CA99A3/S0025100303001208a.pdf/standard_chinese_beijing.pdf}} |
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[[en:Help:IPA for Mandarin]] |
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* {{cite book |given = Yen-Hwei |surname = Lin |title = The Sounds of Chinese |location = Cambridge |publisher = Cambridge University Press |year = 2007 }} |
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{{Refend}} |
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== External links == |
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* [http://project-modelino.com/chinese-phonetic-transcription-converter.php?site_language=english Chinese Phonetic Transcription Converter]—Free Online Tool to convert Chinese Text to Pinyin Phonetic Transcription |
Revisi per 22 Juni 2023 12.28
![]() | Halaman ini merupakan petunjuk pengucapan Alfabet Fonetik Internasional (AFI) untuk Bahasa Mandarin di Wikipedia. halaman ini menyediakan sekumpulan simbol fonetik yang digunakan untuk merepresentasikan bunyi Bahasa Mandarin di artikel Wikipedia. Integritas informasi harus dipertahankan di halaman ini; sehingga jika anda ingin mengubah simbol atau informasi apapun, anda harus membuat konsensus terlebih dahulu di halaman pembicaraan. Untuk bantuan dalam membaca simbol IPA, lihat Bantuan:IPA. Untuk penjelasan perbedaan [ ], / / dan ⟨ ⟩, Lihat IPA § Tanda kurung dan delimitasi transkripsi. |
Tabel dibawah ini berisi informasi mengenai fonem-fonem dalam bahasa Mandarin serta cara pelafalannya dalam Alfabet Fonetik Internasional (IPA), yang akan digunakan pada artikel-artikel Wikipedia.
Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat fonologi bahasa Tionghoa Standar
|
|
Catatan
- ^ a b Dalam bahasa Mandarin, konsonan [ɕ, tɕ, tɕʰ] adalah konsonan yang selalu diikuti oleh fonem [i] [j], [y], serta [ɥ].
- ^ Also transcribed as ɻ in some literature.
- ^ a b ü (/y/) dieja sebagai u pada huruf y, karena dalam romanisasi Hanyu-Pinyin, vokal /u/ tidak dapat terjadi pada konsonan tersebut.
- ^ a b c wei, you/yu, wen/wên are spelled respectively ui, iu, un in Pinyin and Wade-Giles but are pronounced identically when they are preceded by a consonant.
- ^ The rhotic vowel also appears in erhua.
- ^ This sound is spelled ⟨o⟩ after ⟨k, k', h⟩ in Wade-Giles.
- ^ This sound is spelled ⟨o⟩ after ⟨b, p, m, f⟩ in Pinyin.
- ^ ㄨㄛ is spelled as ⟨o⟩, except for ⟨k, k', h, sh⟩ (as ⟨kuo, k'uo, huo, shuo⟩) in Wade-Giles.
- ^ This symbol is rarely used and usually omitted during writing.
Referensi
- Duanmu, San (2007). The Phonology of Standard Chinese (edisi ke-2nd). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Lee, Wai-Sum; Zee, Eric (2003). "Standard Chinese (Beijing)" (PDF). Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 33 (1): 109–112. doi:10.1017/S0025100303001208.
- Lin, Yen-Hwei (2007). The Sounds of Chinese. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
External links
- Chinese Phonetic Transcription Converter—Free Online Tool to convert Chinese Text to Pinyin Phonetic Transcription