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[[Berkas:Insect food stall.JPG|jmpl|Serangga goreng untuk konsumsi manusia dijual di [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]].]] |
[[Berkas:Insect food stall.JPG|jmpl|Serangga goreng untuk konsumsi manusia dijual di [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]].]] |
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'''Entomofagi''' (dari bahasa Yunani [[wikt:ἔντομον|ἔντομον]] ''éntomon'', "serangga", dan [[wikt:φαγεῖν|φᾰγεῖν]] ''phagein'', "makan") adalah konsumpsi [[serangga]] sebagai makanan. Telur serangga, larva, [[pupa]] dan serangga dewasa telah dimakan oleh manusia sejak |
'''Entomofagi''' (dari bahasa Yunani [[wikt:ἔντομον|ἔντομον]] ''éntomon'', "serangga", dan [[wikt:φαγεῖν|φᾰγεῖν]] ''phagein'', "makan") adalah konsumpsi [[serangga]] sebagai makanan. Telur serangga, larva, [[pupa]] dan serangga dewasa telah dimakan oleh manusia sejak zaman prasejarah dan berlanjut sebagai bahan [[nutrisi manusia]] pada zaman modern.<ref name="CISR">{{cite web|url=http://cisr.ucr.edu/entomophagy.html|title=Entomophagy (Eating insects)|website=Center for Invasive Species Research, University of California (Research) |accessdate=27 Januari 2014}}</ref> |
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Aktivitas memakan serangga oleh manusia adalah hal umum dalam kebudayaan di kebanyakan wilayah di dunia, yang meliputi [[Amerika Utara]], [[Amerika Tengah|Tengah]] dan [[Amerika Selatan|Selatan]]; dan [[Afrika]], [[Asia]], [[Australia]] dan [[Selandia Baru]]. Lebih dari 1.000 spesies serangga diketahui telah dimakan di 80% negara-negara di dunia.<ref name="theguardian">Damian Carrington. "[http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/aug/01/insects-food-emissions Insects could be the key to meeting food needs of growing global population]", ''[[The Guardian]]'' 1 Agustus 2010. Diakses pada 27 Februari 2011.</ref> |
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== Penerapan == |
== Penerapan == |
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=== Budaya === |
=== Budaya === |
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[[Kupu-kupu]], [[ngengat]], [[kumbang]], [[semut]], [[lebah]], [[tawon]], [[belalang]], [[jangkrik]], [[kecoa]], [[rayap]], [[tonggeret]], dan [[capung]] menjadi serangga yang paling umum dimakan warga asli suatu negara sebagai bagian dari adat dan budaya.<ref>{{cite book|title=Creepy crawly cuisine: the gourmet guide to edible insects|last=Ramos-Elorduy|first=Julieta|authorlink=|author2=Menzel, Peter|year=1998|publisher=Inner Traditions / Bear & Company|isbn=978-0-89281-747-4|page=150|url=http://books.google.com/?id=Q7f1LkFz11gC|accessdate=2010-04-02}}</ref> Setidaknya 80 persen negara di dunia memiliki budaya memakan serangga.<ref name="theguardian"/> ''[[Atta laevigata]]'' dimakan di [[Kolombia]] dan timur laut [[Brasil]]. ''[[Gonimbrasia belina]]'' dan larvanya dimakan di selatan Afrika. Larva dari ''[[Endoxyla leucomochla]]'' dimakan masyarakat asli Australia. |
[[Kupu-kupu]], [[ngengat]], [[kumbang]], [[semut]], [[lebah]], [[tawon]], [[belalang]], [[jangkrik]], [[kecoa]], [[rayap]], [[tonggeret]], dan [[capung]] menjadi serangga yang paling umum dimakan warga asli suatu negara sebagai bagian dari adat dan budaya.<ref>{{cite book|title=Creepy crawly cuisine: the gourmet guide to edible insects|last=Ramos-Elorduy|first=Julieta|authorlink=|author2=Menzel, Peter|year=1998|publisher=Inner Traditions / Bear & Company|isbn=978-0-89281-747-4|page=150|url=http://books.google.com/?id=Q7f1LkFz11gC|accessdate=2010-04-02}}</ref> Setidaknya 80 persen negara di dunia memiliki budaya memakan serangga.<ref name="theguardian"/> ''[[Atta laevigata]]'' dimakan di [[Kolombia]] dan timur laut [[Brasil]]. ''[[Gonimbrasia belina]]'' dan larvanya dimakan di selatan Afrika. Larva dari ''[[Endoxyla leucomochla]]'' dimakan masyarakat asli Australia. |
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== Lihat juga == |
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* [[Insektivor]] |
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== Referensi == |
== Referensi == |
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== Bacaan lebih lanjut == |
== Bacaan lebih lanjut == |
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* [[Daniel P. Calder|Calder, Daniel]]. ''The Dietitian's Guide to Eating Bugs'' 2013 ebook [http://www.scribd.com/doc/160318509/The-Dietitian-s-Guide-to-Eating-Bugs] |
* [[Daniel P. Calder|Calder, Daniel]]. ''The Dietitian's Guide to Eating Bugs'' 2013 ebook [http://www.scribd.com/doc/160318509/The-Dietitian-s-Guide-to-Eating-Bugs] |
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* {{cite journal|last=DeFoliart|first=Gene|title=Insects as Human Food|journal=Crop Protection|year=1992|volume=11|pages=395–399|url=http://www.food-insects.com/Insects%20as%20Human%20Food.htm|doi=10.1016/0261-2194(92)90020-6|issue=5}} |
* {{cite journal|last=DeFoliart|first=Gene|title=Insects as Human Food|journal=Crop Protection|year=1992|volume=11|pages=395–399|url=http://www.food-insects.com/Insects%20as%20Human%20Food.htm|doi=10.1016/0261-2194(92)90020-6|issue=5|access-date=2014-07-20|archive-date=2015-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423113342/http://www.food-insects.com/Insects%20as%20Human%20Food.htm|dead-url=yes}} |
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* [[Vincent M. Holt|Holt, Vincent]]. ''Why Not Eat Insects?'' 1885 Pamphlet [http://bugsandbeasts.com/whynoteatinsects/ Full text of the 1885 pamphlet ''Why Not Eat Insects'' by Vincent Holt, with French cuisine recipes] |
* [[Vincent M. Holt|Holt, Vincent]]. ''Why Not Eat Insects?'' 1885 Pamphlet [http://bugsandbeasts.com/whynoteatinsects/ Full text of the 1885 pamphlet ''Why Not Eat Insects'' by Vincent Holt, with French cuisine recipes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210185459/http://bugsandbeasts.com/whynoteatinsects/ |date=2008-12-10 }} |
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* {{cite journal|last=Ichinose|first=Katsuya|title=More insect eating|journal=Nature|date=February 9, 1989 |volume=337|issue=6207|pages=513–514 |doi=10.1038/337513b0|pmid=2915701 }} |
* {{cite journal|last=Ichinose|first=Katsuya|title=More insect eating|journal=Nature|date=February 9, 1989 |volume=337|issue=6207|pages=513–514 |doi=10.1038/337513b0|pmid=2915701 }} |
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* {{cite journal|last=Kantha |first=Sachi Sri. |title=Insect eating in Japan |journal=Nature |date=November 24, 1988 |volume=336 |pages=316–317|bibcode=1988Natur.336R.316K|doi=10.1038/336316b0|issue=6197}} |
* {{cite journal|last=Kantha |first=Sachi Sri. |title=Insect eating in Japan |journal=Nature |date=November 24, 1988 |volume=336 |pages=316–317|bibcode=1988Natur.336R.316K|doi=10.1038/336316b0|issue=6197}} |
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{{commons|Entomophagy}} |
{{commons|Entomophagy}} |
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* {{cite journal |url=http://www.newscientist.com/channel/opinion/mg19325952.600-the-word-edible-insects.html |journal=[[New Scientist]] |title=Edible insects |year=2007 |volume=2595 |page=56 }} |
* {{cite journal |url=http://www.newscientist.com/channel/opinion/mg19325952.600-the-word-edible-insects.html |journal=[[New Scientist]] |title=Edible insects |year=2007 |volume=2595 |page=56 }} |
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* {{cite web |url=http://www.food-insects.com/book7_31/The%20Human%20Use%20of%20Insects%20as%20a%20Food%20Resource.htm |title=The Human Use of Insects as a Food Resource: A Bibliographic Account in Progress |author=DeFoliart, Gene R. |publisher=[[Universitas Wisconsin–Madison]] |date=2002-09-29}} |
* {{cite web |url=http://www.food-insects.com/book7_31/The%20Human%20Use%20of%20Insects%20as%20a%20Food%20Resource.htm |title=The Human Use of Insects as a Food Resource: A Bibliographic Account in Progress |author=DeFoliart, Gene R. |publisher=[[Universitas Wisconsin–Madison]] |date=2002-09-29 |access-date=2014-07-20 |archive-date=2007-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224084534/http://www.food-insects.com/book7_31/The%20Human%20Use%20of%20Insects%20as%20a%20Food%20Resource.htm |dead-url=yes }} |
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* {{cite web |url=http://www.creepycrawlycooking.com/ |publisher=Creepy Crawly Cooking |title=Understanding the Role of Insects in Foods and Foodways |author=Stewart, Jeff}} |
* {{cite web |url=http://www.creepycrawlycooking.com/ |publisher=Creepy Crawly Cooking |title=Understanding the Role of Insects in Foods and Foodways |author=Stewart, Jeff |access-date=2014-07-20 |archive-date=2014-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728162928/http://www.creepycrawlycooking.com/ |dead-url=yes }} |
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* {{cite web |url=http://outside.away.com/magazine/0497/9704feeat.html |publisher=[[Outside (magazine)|Outside]] |title=It's Hard to Eat Just One |year=1997 |author=Frazier, Ian}} |
* {{cite web |url=http://outside.away.com/magazine/0497/9704feeat.html |publisher=[[Outside (magazine)|Outside]] |title=It's Hard to Eat Just One |year=1997 |author=Frazier, Ian |access-date=2014-07-20 |archive-date=2005-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050404014007/http://outside.away.com/magazine/0497/9704feeat.html |dead-url=yes }} |
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* {{cite web |url=http://www.uky.edu/Agriculture/Entomology/ythfacts/bugfood/yf813.htm |title=Insect Snacks from Around the World |publisher=[[University of Kentucky]] |author=Unger, Lana |date=1999-01-20}} |
* {{cite web |url=http://www.uky.edu/Agriculture/Entomology/ythfacts/bugfood/yf813.htm |title=Insect Snacks from Around the World |publisher=[[University of Kentucky]] |author=Unger, Lana |date=1999-01-20}} |
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* {{cite web |url=http://www.sixwise.com/newsletters/05/06/29/how_many_insect_parts_and_rodent_hairs_are_allowed_in_your_food.htm |title=How many insect parts and rodent hairs are allowed in your food? |publisher=Sixwise.com}} |
* {{cite web |url=http://www.sixwise.com/newsletters/05/06/29/how_many_insect_parts_and_rodent_hairs_are_allowed_in_your_food.htm |title=How many insect parts and rodent hairs are allowed in your food? |publisher=Sixwise.com}} |
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* {{cite web |url=http://www.scienceinafrica.co.za/2003/october/stinkbug.htm |title=Eat your bugs - harvesting edible stink-bugs |author=Toms, Rob; Thagwana, Mashudu |year=2003 |publisher=Science in Africa}} |
* {{cite web |url=http://www.scienceinafrica.co.za/2003/october/stinkbug.htm |title=Eat your bugs - harvesting edible stink-bugs |author=Toms, Rob; Thagwana, Mashudu |year=2003 |publisher=Science in Africa |access-date=2014-07-20 |archive-date=2011-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110416215547/http://www.scienceinafrica.co.za/2003/october/stinkbug.htm |dead-url=yes }} |
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* {{cite book|url=http://weeklywire.com/ww/04-05-99/austin_food_feature1.html|title=Man Eating Bugs: The Art and Science of Eating Insects|author=Menzel, Peter; D'Aluisio, Faith|year=1998|publisher= |
* {{cite book|url=http://weeklywire.com/ww/04-05-99/austin_food_feature1.html|title=Man Eating Bugs: The Art and Science of Eating Insects|author=Menzel, Peter; D'Aluisio, Faith|year=1998|publisher=Ten Speed Press|isbn=1-58008-022-7|access-date=2014-07-20|archive-date=2014-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810201021/http://weeklywire.com/ww/04-05-99/austin_food_feature1.html|dead-url=yes}} |
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* Nejame, Sam. [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/10/magazine/10wwln-essay-t.html?ref=magazine "Man Bites Insect"] ''New York Times Sunday Magazine''. 10 Februari 2008.] |
* Nejame, Sam. [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/10/magazine/10wwln-essay-t.html?ref=magazine "Man Bites Insect"] ''New York Times Sunday Magazine''. 10 Februari 2008.] |
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* Dicke, Marcel. "[http://www.tedxamsterdam.com/2009/video-marcel-dicke-why-not-eat-insects/ Why not eat insects?]", ''[[TED (conference)|TEDx]]Amsterdam''. Retrieved 12 March 2011. |
* Dicke, Marcel. "[http://www.tedxamsterdam.com/2009/video-marcel-dicke-why-not-eat-insects/ Why not eat insects?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225184446/http://www.tedxamsterdam.com/2009/video-marcel-dicke-why-not-eat-insects/ |date=2011-02-25 }}", ''[[TED (conference)|TEDx]]Amsterdam''. Retrieved 12 March 2011. |
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* {{cite web|title=The Farmed Insect Co: Manufacturing Cricket Flour for Protein|url=http://www.thefarmedinsectcompany.com/}} |
* {{cite web|title=The Farmed Insect Co: Manufacturing Cricket Flour for Protein|url=http://www.thefarmedinsectcompany.com/|access-date=2014-07-20|archive-date=2014-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531121932/http://www.thefarmedinsectcompany.com/|dead-url=yes}} |
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* {{cite web|title=Exo: Protein Bars Made from Cricket Flour|url=http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/exoprotein/exo-protein-bars-made-from-cricket-flour|publisher=Kickstarter}} |
* {{cite web|title=Exo: Protein Bars Made from Cricket Flour|url=http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/exoprotein/exo-protein-bars-made-from-cricket-flour|publisher=Kickstarter}} |
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* {{cite web|title=Eatgrub.co.uk: Edible insects you can cook with in the UK, featuring recipes and upcoming events|url=http://www.eatgrub.co.uk/}} |
* {{cite web|title=Eatgrub.co.uk: Edible insects you can cook with in the UK, featuring recipes and upcoming events|url=http://www.eatgrub.co.uk/}} |
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[[Kategori:Serangga sebagai makanan| ]] |
[[Kategori:Serangga sebagai makanan| ]] |
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[[Kategori:Entomologi]] |
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[[Kategori:Entomologi]] |
[[Kategori:Entomologi]] |
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Revisi terkini sejak 16 Juli 2023 08.45
Entomofagi (dari bahasa Yunani ἔντομον éntomon, "serangga", dan φᾰγεῖν phagein, "makan") adalah konsumpsi serangga sebagai makanan. Telur serangga, larva, pupa dan serangga dewasa telah dimakan oleh manusia sejak zaman prasejarah dan berlanjut sebagai bahan nutrisi manusia pada zaman modern.[1]
Aktivitas memakan serangga oleh manusia adalah hal umum dalam kebudayaan di kebanyakan wilayah di dunia, yang meliputi Amerika Utara, Tengah dan Selatan; dan Afrika, Asia, Australia dan Selandia Baru. Lebih dari 1.000 spesies serangga diketahui telah dimakan di 80% negara-negara di dunia.[2]
Penerapan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Entomofagi dapat dilakukan dengan tujuan sebagai sumber nutrisi utama maupun pendamping makanan utama, dan dimakan ketika serangga berada dalam tahap larva, pupa, maupun dewasa. Namun konsumsi serangga oleh manusia, terutama eksploitasi dalam skala komersial, telah menyebabkan populasi serangga di berbagai tempat mengalami penurunan.[3]
Budaya
[sunting | sunting sumber]Kupu-kupu, ngengat, kumbang, semut, lebah, tawon, belalang, jangkrik, kecoa, rayap, tonggeret, dan capung menjadi serangga yang paling umum dimakan warga asli suatu negara sebagai bagian dari adat dan budaya.[4] Setidaknya 80 persen negara di dunia memiliki budaya memakan serangga.[2] Atta laevigata dimakan di Kolombia dan timur laut Brasil. Gonimbrasia belina dan larvanya dimakan di selatan Afrika. Larva dari Endoxyla leucomochla dimakan masyarakat asli Australia.
Lihat juga
[sunting | sunting sumber]Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ "Entomophagy (Eating insects)". Center for Invasive Species Research, University of California (Research). Diakses tanggal 27 Januari 2014.
- ^ a b Damian Carrington. "Insects could be the key to meeting food needs of growing global population", The Guardian 1 Agustus 2010. Diakses pada 27 Februari 2011.
- ^ Ramos-Elorduy, Julieta (2006). "Threatened edible insects in Hidalgo, Mexico and some measures to preserve them". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2: 51. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-2-51. PMC 1716161
. PMID 17144918.
- ^ Ramos-Elorduy, Julieta; Menzel, Peter (1998). Creepy crawly cuisine: the gourmet guide to edible insects. Inner Traditions / Bear & Company. hlm. 150. ISBN 978-0-89281-747-4. Diakses tanggal 2010-04-02.
Bacaan lebih lanjut
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Calder, Daniel. The Dietitian's Guide to Eating Bugs 2013 ebook [1]
- DeFoliart, Gene (1992). "Insects as Human Food". Crop Protection. 11 (5): 395–399. doi:10.1016/0261-2194(92)90020-6. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-04-23. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-20.
- Holt, Vincent. Why Not Eat Insects? 1885 Pamphlet Full text of the 1885 pamphlet Why Not Eat Insects by Vincent Holt, with French cuisine recipes Diarsipkan 2008-12-10 di Wayback Machine.
- Ichinose, Katsuya (February 9, 1989). "More insect eating". Nature. 337 (6207): 513–514. doi:10.1038/337513b0. PMID 2915701.
- Kantha, Sachi Sri. (November 24, 1988). "Insect eating in Japan". Nature. 336 (6197): 316–317. Bibcode:1988Natur.336R.316K. doi:10.1038/336316b0.
- Taylor, Ronald L. (1975). Butterflies in My Stomach, or, Insects in human nutrition. John Gregory Tweed (illus.). Santa Barbara, Calif.: Woodbridge Press Pub. Co. ISBN 978-0-912800-08-0., OCLC 1551292
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Entomophagy.
- "Edible insects". New Scientist. 2595: 56. 2007.
- DeFoliart, Gene R. (2002-09-29). "The Human Use of Insects as a Food Resource: A Bibliographic Account in Progress". Universitas Wisconsin–Madison. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-02-24. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-20.
- Stewart, Jeff. "Understanding the Role of Insects in Foods and Foodways". Creepy Crawly Cooking. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-07-28. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-20.
- Frazier, Ian (1997). "It's Hard to Eat Just One". Outside. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2005-04-04. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-20.
- Unger, Lana (1999-01-20). "Insect Snacks from Around the World". University of Kentucky.
- "How many insect parts and rodent hairs are allowed in your food?". Sixwise.com.
- Toms, Rob; Thagwana, Mashudu (2003). "Eat your bugs - harvesting edible stink-bugs". Science in Africa. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-04-16. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-20.
- Menzel, Peter; D'Aluisio, Faith (1998). Man Eating Bugs: The Art and Science of Eating Insects. Ten Speed Press. ISBN 1-58008-022-7. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-08-10. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-20.
- Nejame, Sam. "Man Bites Insect" New York Times Sunday Magazine. 10 Februari 2008.]
- Dicke, Marcel. "Why not eat insects? Diarsipkan 2011-02-25 di Wayback Machine.", TEDxAmsterdam. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
- "The Farmed Insect Co: Manufacturing Cricket Flour for Protein". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-05-31. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-20.
- "Exo: Protein Bars Made from Cricket Flour". Kickstarter.
- "Eatgrub.co.uk: Edible insects you can cook with in the UK, featuring recipes and upcoming events".
- "BugGrub.com: Bringing edible insects to the UK".
- "EdibleUnique: Bringing edible insects & bush tucker to the UK".
- "Serangga Lezat". Deutsche Welle.