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[[Berkas:Spectrogram_-iua-.png|jmpl|250x250px|{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}[[Spektrogram]] dari vokal bahasa Inggris Amerika {{IPA|[i, u, ɑ]}} yang menunjukan forman ''F''<sub>1</sub> dan ''F''<sub>2</sub>]] |
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{{IPA notice}}Dalam [[ilmu pidato]] dan [[fonetik]], sebuah '''forman''' adalah bentuk spektral yang dihasilkan dari [[resonansi akustik]] dari saluran vokal manusia.<ref>Titze, I.R. (1994). Principles of Voice Production, Prentice Hall, {{ISBN|978-0-13-717893-3}}.</ref><ref>Titze, I.R., Baken, R.J. Bozeman, K.W., Granqvist, S. Henrich, N., Herbst, C.T., Howard, D.M., Hunter, E.J., Kaelin, D., Kent, R.D., Löfqvist, A., McCoy, S., Miller, D.G., Noé, H., Scherer, R.C., Smith, J.R., Story, B.H., Švec, J.G., Ternström, S. and Wolfe, J. (2015) "Toward a consensus on symbolic notation of harmonics, resonances, and formants in vocalization." J. Acoust. Soc. America. 137, 3005–3007.</ref> Namun, dalam [[akustik]], definisi forman kadang-kadang berbeda karena dapat didefinisikan sebagai puncak, atau maksimum lokal, dalam spektrum.<ref>Jeans, J.H. (1938) Science & Music, reprinted by Dover, 1968.</ref><ref>Standards Secretariat, Acoustical Society of America, (1994). ANSI S1.1-1994 (R2004) American National Standard Acoustical Terminology, (12.41) Acoustical Society of America, Melville, NY.</ref> |
{{IPA notice}}Dalam [[ilmu pidato]] dan [[fonetik]], sebuah '''forman''' adalah bentuk spektral yang dihasilkan dari [[resonansi akustik]] dari saluran vokal manusia.<ref>Titze, I.R. (1994). Principles of Voice Production, Prentice Hall, {{ISBN|978-0-13-717893-3}}.</ref><ref>Titze, I.R., Baken, R.J. Bozeman, K.W., Granqvist, S. Henrich, N., Herbst, C.T., Howard, D.M., Hunter, E.J., Kaelin, D., Kent, R.D., Löfqvist, A., McCoy, S., Miller, D.G., Noé, H., Scherer, R.C., Smith, J.R., Story, B.H., Švec, J.G., Ternström, S. and Wolfe, J. (2015) "Toward a consensus on symbolic notation of harmonics, resonances, and formants in vocalization." J. Acoust. Soc. America. 137, 3005–3007.</ref> Namun, dalam [[akustik]], definisi forman kadang-kadang berbeda karena dapat didefinisikan sebagai puncak, atau maksimum lokal, dalam spektrum.<ref>Jeans, J.H. (1938) Science & Music, reprinted by Dover, 1968.</ref><ref>Standards Secretariat, Acoustical Society of America, (1994). ANSI S1.1-1994 (R2004) American National Standard Acoustical Terminology, (12.41) Acoustical Society of America, Melville, NY.</ref> |
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== Pranala luar == |
== Pranala luar == |
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* [http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~karchung/Phonetics%20II%20page%20nineteen.htm Formants for fun and profit] |
* [http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~karchung/Phonetics%20II%20page%20nineteen.htm Formants for fun and profit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518182651/http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~karchung/Phonetics%20II%20page%20nineteen.htm |date=2021-05-18 }} |
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* [http://www.geofex.com/Article_Folders/wahpedl/voicewah.htm Formants and wah-wah pedals] |
* [http://www.geofex.com/Article_Folders/wahpedl/voicewah.htm Formants and wah-wah pedals] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210035954/http://www.geofex.com/Article_Folders/wahpedl/voicewah.htm |date=2020-02-10 }} |
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* [http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/jw/formant.html What is a formant?] A discussion of the three different meanings of the word 'formant' |
* [http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/jw/formant.html What is a formant?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204214955/http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/jw/formant.html |date=2020-02-04 }} A discussion of the three different meanings of the word 'formant' |
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* [http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/jw/soprane.html Formant tuning by soprano singers] from the University of New South Wales |
* [http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/jw/soprane.html Formant tuning by soprano singers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204191517/http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/jw/soprane.html |date=2020-02-04 }} from the University of New South Wales |
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* [http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/jw/xoomi.html The acoustics of harmonic or overtone singing] from the University of New South Wales |
* [http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/jw/xoomi.html The acoustics of harmonic or overtone singing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204082858/http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/jw/xoomi.html |date=2020-02-04 }} from the University of New South Wales |
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* [http://videoweb.nie.edu.sg/phonetic/vowels/measurements.html Materials for measuring and plotting vowel formants] |
* [http://videoweb.nie.edu.sg/phonetic/vowels/measurements.html Materials for measuring and plotting vowel formants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903130542/http://videoweb.nie.edu.sg/phonetic/vowels/measurements.html |date=2019-09-03 }} |
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{{Acoustics}} |
{{Acoustics}} |
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[[Kategori:Suara manusia]] |
[[Kategori:Suara manusia]] |
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Revisi terkini sejak 23 Juli 2023 08.28
Dalam ilmu pidato dan fonetik, sebuah forman adalah bentuk spektral yang dihasilkan dari resonansi akustik dari saluran vokal manusia.[1][2] Namun, dalam akustik, definisi forman kadang-kadang berbeda karena dapat didefinisikan sebagai puncak, atau maksimum lokal, dalam spektrum.[3][4]
Lihat pula
[sunting | sunting sumber]Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Titze, I.R. (1994). Principles of Voice Production, Prentice Hall, ISBN 978-0-13-717893-3.
- ^ Titze, I.R., Baken, R.J. Bozeman, K.W., Granqvist, S. Henrich, N., Herbst, C.T., Howard, D.M., Hunter, E.J., Kaelin, D., Kent, R.D., Löfqvist, A., McCoy, S., Miller, D.G., Noé, H., Scherer, R.C., Smith, J.R., Story, B.H., Švec, J.G., Ternström, S. and Wolfe, J. (2015) "Toward a consensus on symbolic notation of harmonics, resonances, and formants in vocalization." J. Acoust. Soc. America. 137, 3005–3007.
- ^ Jeans, J.H. (1938) Science & Music, reprinted by Dover, 1968.
- ^ Standards Secretariat, Acoustical Society of America, (1994). ANSI S1.1-1994 (R2004) American National Standard Acoustical Terminology, (12.41) Acoustical Society of America, Melville, NY.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Formants for fun and profit Diarsipkan 2021-05-18 di Wayback Machine.
- Formants and wah-wah pedals Diarsipkan 2020-02-10 di Wayback Machine.
- What is a formant? Diarsipkan 2020-02-04 di Wayback Machine. A discussion of the three different meanings of the word 'formant'
- Formant tuning by soprano singers Diarsipkan 2020-02-04 di Wayback Machine. from the University of New South Wales
- The acoustics of harmonic or overtone singing Diarsipkan 2020-02-04 di Wayback Machine. from the University of New South Wales
- Materials for measuring and plotting vowel formants Diarsipkan 2019-09-03 di Wayback Machine.
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