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[[Berkas:Frog on palm frond.jpg|jmpl|Sebuah foto stok [[domain publik]] berjudul "katak di daun palem."]] |
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'''Fotografi stok''' adalah suplai [[foto]] yang sering dilisensikan untuk pemakaian-pemakaian spesifik. |
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'''Fotografi stok''' adalah suplai [[foto]] yang sering dilisensikan untuk pemakaian-pemakaian spesifik.<ref name="fbookonstockphotography"/> Industri foto stok, yang dimulai pada 1920an,<ref name="fbookonstockphotography"/> telah menghimpun model-model yang meliputi fotografi makrostok tradisional,<ref name="imacrostock"/> fotografi midstok,<ref name="hgrunbaum"/> dan [[fotografi mikrostok]].<ref name="NYT-06-05-07"/> Agensi-agensi stok konvensional menentapkan harga dari beberapa ratus sampai beberapa ribu [[dolar Amerika Serikat]] per gambar, sementara fotografi mikrostok dapat dijual sekitar USD 25 sen.<ref name="NYT-06-05-07"/> Para fotografer stok profesional biasanya menempatkan gambar-gambar mereka ke sebuah atau sejumlah agensi stok atas dasar kontrak<ref name="fbookonstockphotography"/> sementara agensi-agensi stok dapat menerima foto-foto berkualitas tinggi dari para fotografer amatir melalui tawaran daring.<ref name="lstockphoto"/> |
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<ref name="fbookonstockphotography">{{cite news |
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|title = The Focal Encyclopedia of Photography: Digital Imaging, Theory and Applications, History, and Science |
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==Referensi== |
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|first = Michael |
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{{reflist|refs= |
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|last = R. Peres |
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|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VYyldcYfq3MC&pg=PA351&lpg=PA351&dq=history+of+stock+photo+agencies&source=bl&ots=s_sexzSk1Q&sig=rXYciccSubalHlz2mk4f1UrYw3A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwik6o72-OnNAhUW0mMKHR5vAVg4FBDoAQhjMAk#v=onepage&q=history%20of%20stock%20photo%20agencies&f=false |
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<ref name="cfotoliaacquired"> |
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|newspaper = |
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{{cite news |
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|publisher = [[Taylor & Francis]] |
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| title =Adobe to buy stock-photo web company Fotolia for $800 million |
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| |
|date = 2007 |
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|accessdate = 2016-03-14 |
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| last =Stynes |
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|archive-date = 2023-07-24 |
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| url =http://www.marketwatch.com/story/adobe-to-buy-stock-photo-web-company-fotolia-for-800-million-2014-12-11 |
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|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230724075219/https://books.google.com/books?id=VYyldcYfq3MC&pg=PA351&lpg=PA351&dq=history+of+stock+photo+agencies&source=bl&ots=s_sexzSk1Q&sig=rXYciccSubalHlz2mk4f1UrYw3A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwik6o72-OnNAhUW0mMKHR5vAVg4FBDoAQhjMAk#v=onepage&q=history%20of%20stock%20photo%20agencies&f=false |
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| newspaper = |
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|dead-url = no |
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| publisher =MarketWatch |
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}} page 351</ref> Industri foto stok, yang dimulai pada 1920an,<ref name="fbookonstockphotography"/> telah menghimpun model-model yang meliputi fotografi makrostok tradisional,<ref name="imacrostock">{{cite news |
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| date =December 11, 2014 |
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| accessdate = 2016-07-15 |
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}}</ref> |
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<ref name="shutterstock-ipo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.shutterstock.com/blog/2012/10/shutterstock-celebrates-at-the-new-york-stock-exchange/|title=Shutterstock Announces Closing of Initial Public Offering and Exercise of Underwriters' Option to Purchase Additional Shares|publisher=Shutterstock|date=2012-10-16|accessdate=2013-01-18}}</ref> |
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<ref name="about">{{cite web|url=http://www.canstockphoto.com/about.php|title=About Can Stock Photo|publisher=Can Stock Photo|accessdate=2015-08-28}}</ref> |
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<ref name="news:new_approach">{{cite news |title=New Approach Brings Down Picture Buying Costs |first= |last= |url=http://www.creativematch.com/news/new-approach-brings-down-picture/91181/ |newspaper=creativematch |date=16 June 2005 |accessdate=21 March 2012}}</ref> |
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<ref name="news:picture_perfect">{{cite news |title=fotoLibra gets it picture perfect |first=Khan |last=Basheera |url=http://www.itwales.com/998726.htm |newspaper=i.t.wales |date=9 June 2004 |accessdate=21 March 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206003255/http://www.itwales.com/998726.htm |archivedate=6 February 2012 |df= }}</ref> |
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<ref name="Smart Money 02-04-2009">[http://www.smartmoney.com/Spending/Technology/Small-Business-How-to-Beat-a-Goliath/ "Small Business: How to Beat a Goliath"] [[SmartMoney]], February 2, 2009 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702051634/http://www.smartmoney.com/Spending/Technology/Small-Business-How-to-Beat-a-Goliath/ |date=July 2, 2010 }}</ref> |
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<ref name="Forbes-10-28-2013">Steven Bertoni, [https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevenbertoni/2013/10/09/silicon-alleys-first-billionaire-aims-to-dominate-images-on-web/ "Silicon Alley's First Billionaire Aims To Dominate Images On Web"], ''[[Forbes]]'', October 28, 2013</ref> |
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<ref name="ah-goodbye">{{cite news | url = http://www.americanheritage.com/content/goodbye-all | title = Goodbye To All That | first = Richard F. | last = Snow | page = 5 | work = [[American Heritage (magazine)|American Heritage]] |date=May 2001 | volume = 52 | issue = 3 | publisher = American Heritage Publishing Company | location = New York City }}</ref> |
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<ref name="journalfilmquarl">{{cite journal | date = Winter 1959 | title = Film Quarterly | volume = 13 | issue = 2 | page = 8}}</ref> |
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<ref name="photodisconline">{{cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-17959266.html|title=Image is everything.(West Stock and PhotoDisc introduce Web sites) (Internet Watch) (Company Business and Marketing)(Brief Article)|last=Crotty|first=Cameron|date=February 1, 1996 |work=Macworld |accessdate=2008-10-06}}{{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> |
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<ref name="image-ethics">{{cite book|last=Gross|first=Larry P.|author2=Katz, John Stuart |author3=Ruby, Jay |title=Image ethics in the digital age|publisher=[[University of Minnesota Press]]|year=2003|isbn=978-0-8166-3824-6}}</ref> |
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<ref name="imagiseverything">[http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/september/nf70917b.htm ''The Getty-PhotoDisc Deal: Image is Everything'' - Business Week]</ref> |
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<ref name="page8MichaelHeron">{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BJwM-7b0FVIC&pg=PA5#PPA8,M1 | page = 8 | title = Digital Stock Photography: How to Shoot and Sell | first = Michal | last = Heron | publisher = Allworth Communications | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-1-58115-484-9 }}</ref> |
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<ref name = Howto16>{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ihjxHk9kLbgC&pg=PA13#PPA16,M1 | page = 16 | title = How to Shoot Stock Photos That Sell | first = Michal | last = Heron | edition = 3rd | publisher = Allworth Communications | year = 2001 | isbn = 978-1-58115-087-2 }}</ref> |
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<ref name="CNN Money">{{cite news|last=Levine|first=Robert|title=Photo wars: A $2 billion business gets rough|url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/business2_archive/2007/04/01/8403372/index.htm?postversion=2007040409|accessdate=July 19, 2012|newspaper=[[CNN Money]]|date=April 4, 2007}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Microstock Insider">{{cite news|last=Gibson|first=Steve|title=Dreamstime Site Review|url=http://microstockinsider.com/site_reviews/dreamstime|accessdate=July 19, 2012|newspaper=Microstock Insider|date=April 13, 2008}}</ref> |
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<ref name="shuttingscoopt">{{cite news |title=Getty shutting Scoopt citizen journalism photo site to focus on core business |date=February 4, 2009 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/pda/2009/feb/04/citizenmedia-photography |work=The Guardian (U.K.)}}</ref> |
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<ref name="hulton_archive">{{cite web |
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|url=http://hultongetty.com/ixbin/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=hulton&_IXSESSION_=&search-form=about.html&submit-button=search |
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|title=About Hulton Archive |
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|year=2001 |
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|publisher=Hulton Archive |
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|accessdate=2009-08-14 |
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|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011021133300/http://hultongetty.com/ixbin/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=hulton&_IXSESSION_=&search-form=about.html&submit-button=search |
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|archivedate=2001-10-21 |
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}} (archived on the Web Archive)</ref> |
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<ref name="aforhtemost"> |
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{{cite news |
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| title =New Software Sifts Photos for the Most Clickable |
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| first =Elizabeth |
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| last =Dwoskin |
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| url =https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-software-sifts-the-tide-of-online-images-1443722371 |
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| newspaper =[[Wall Street Journal]] |
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| publisher = |
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| date =October 1, 2015 |
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| accessdate = 2016-07-15 |
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}}</ref> |
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<ref name="kpopsi"> |
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{{cite news |
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| title =Shutterstock Has Trained A Computer To Find You The Perfect Photos |
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| first = Alexandra |
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| last =Ossola |
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| url =http://www.popsci.com/shutterstock-is-visualizing-images-in-whole-new-way |
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| newspaper =[[Popular Science]] |
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| publisher = |
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| date =March 10, 2016 |
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| accessdate = 2016-06-15 |
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}}</ref> |
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<ref name="bestentrej"> |
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{{cite news |
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| title =How Shutterstock Is Training Its System to Help You Find Better Photos |
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| first =Nina |
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| last =Zipkin |
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| url =https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/272281 |
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| newspaper =[[Entrepreneur (magazine)|Entrepreneur]] |
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| publisher = |
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| date =March 10, 2016 |
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| accessdate = 2016-06-15 |
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}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ST-05-28-07">Kim Peterson, [http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2003724590_istockphoto28.html "Microstock photography represents a new business model"], ''[[Seattle Times]]'', May 28, 2007</ref> |
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<ref name="getty-feb">{{cite web |url=http://company.gettyimages.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=192&isource=corporate_website_ind_press_release |title=Jupitermedia Announces Completion Of Sale Of Jupiterimages To Getty Images and Change Of Jupitermedia Name to WebMediaBrands |publisher=Getty Images |date=2009-02-23 |accessdate=2009-08-13 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228031805/http://company.gettyimages.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=192&isource=corporate_website_ind_press_release |archivedate=2009-02-28 |df= }}</ref> |
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<ref name="reuters-jupiter">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/internetNews/idUSTRE49M50420081023|title=Jupitermedia to sell online image unit to Getty|date=2008-10-23|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=2009-08-14 | first=Savio | last=D'Souza}}</ref> |
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<ref name="gmorethanapage"> |
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{{cite news |
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| title =With Covers, Publishers Take More Than Page From Rivals |
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| first =Andrew |
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| last =Adam Newman |
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| url =https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/07/books/with-covers-publishers-take-more-than-page-from-rivals.html?_r=0 |
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| newspaper =[[The New York Times]] |
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| publisher = |
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| date =July 7, 2005 |
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| accessdate = 2016-07-15 |
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}}</ref> |
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<ref name="imacrostock"> |
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{{cite news |
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| title = Traditional Stock Agencies |
| title = Traditional Stock Agencies |
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| url |
| url = http://budgetstockphoto.com/full_price_agencies.html |
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| publisher =budgetstockphoto.com |
| publisher = budgetstockphoto.com |
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| date |
| date = |
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| accessdate = 2016-03-14 |
| accessdate = 2016-03-14 |
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| archive-date = 2016-03-17 |
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}}</ref> |
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160317063042/http://budgetstockphoto.com/full_price_agencies.html |
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<ref name="NYT-06-05-07">Eric A. Taub, [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/05/technology/circuits/05syndicate.html?em&ex=1181188800&en=687225a44f80273c&ei=5087%0A "When Are Photos Like Penny Stocks? When They Sell"], ''New York Times'', June 5, 2007</ref> |
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| dead-url = no |
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}}</ref> fotografi midstok,<ref name="hgrunbaum">{{cite news |
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|title = Co-founder of Getty Images steps down as CEO |
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|first = Rami |
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|last = Grunbaum |
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|url = http://www.seattletimes.com/business/technology/co-founder-of-getty-images-steps-down-as-ceo-amid-heated-competition/ |
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|newspaper = [[The Seattle Times]] |
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|publisher = |
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|date = March 13, 2015 |
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|accessdate = 2016-07-15 |
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|archive-date = 2016-08-15 |
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|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160815162825/http://www.seattletimes.com/business/technology/co-founder-of-getty-images-steps-down-as-ceo-amid-heated-competition/ |
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|dead-url = no |
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}}</ref> dan [[fotografi mikrostok]].<ref name="NYT-06-05-07">Eric A. Taub, [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/05/technology/circuits/05syndicate.html?em&ex=1181188800&en=687225a44f80273c&ei=5087%0A "When Are Photos Like Penny Stocks? When They Sell"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225211735/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/05/technology/circuits/05syndicate.html?em&ex=1181188800&en=687225a44f80273c&ei=5087%0A |date=2021-02-25 }}, ''New York Times'', June 5, 2007</ref> Agensi-agensi stok konvensional menentapkan harga dari beberapa ratus sampai beberapa ribu [[dolar Amerika Serikat]] per gambar, sementara fotografi mikrostok dapat dijual sekitar USD 25 sen.<ref name="NYT-06-05-07"/> Para fotografer stok profesional biasanya menempatkan gambar-gambar mereka ke sebuah atau sejumlah agensi stok atas dasar kontrak<ref name="fbookonstockphotography"/> sementara agensi-agensi stok dapat menerima foto-foto berkualitas tinggi dari para fotografer amatir melalui tawaran daring. |
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== Referensi == |
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<ref name="hgrunbaum"> |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{cite news |
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| title =Co-founder of Getty Images steps down as CEO |
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| first =Rami |
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| last =Grunbaum |
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| url =http://www.seattletimes.com/business/technology/co-founder-of-getty-images-steps-down-as-ceo-amid-heated-competition/ |
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| newspaper =[[The Seattle Times]] |
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| publisher = |
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| date =March 13, 2015 |
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| accessdate = 2016-07-15 |
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}}</ref> |
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<ref name="getty">[http://corporate.gettyimages.com/masters2/conservation/articles/HAHistory.pdf Hulton|Archive – History in Pictures] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527044717/http://corporate.gettyimages.com/masters2/conservation/articles/HAHistory.pdf |date=2013-05-27 }} History of ''Picture Post'' by the Archive Curator Sarah McDonald, 15/10/04. Accessed March 2008</ref> |
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<ref name = Howto13>{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ihjxHk9kLbgC&pg=PA13#PPA12,M1 | page = 13 | title = How to Shoot Stock Photos That Sell | first = Michal | last = Heron | edition = 3rd | publisher = Allworth Communications | year = 2001 | isbn = 978-1-58115-087-2 }}</ref> |
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<ref name="Boyle 2008 38">{{Cite book|last=Boyle|first=Jnu ble Zdrf pacanaiames|title=The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind|publisher=CSPD|year=2008|page=38|url=https://www.google.com/books?id=Fn1Pl9Gv_EMC&dq=public+domain&source=gbs_navlinks_s |isbn=978-0-300-13740-8}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Graber 2008 173">{{Cite book |last=Graber |first=Christoph B. |last2=Nenova |first2=Mira B. |title=Intellectual Property and Traditional Cultural Expressions in a Digital Environment |publisher=[[Edward Elgar Publishing]] |year=2008| page=173 |url=https://www.google.com/books?id=gK6OI0hrANsC&dq=%22public+domain%22+intellectual+property&lr=&as_brr=3&source=gbs_navlinks_s|isbn=978-1-84720-921-4}}</ref> |
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<ref name="dalamaybrief"> |
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{{cite news |
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| title =A Brief History of Stock Photography |
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| url =http://www.alamy.com/blog/a-brief-history-of-stock-photography |
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| publisher =alamy.com |
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| date =June 16, 2015 |
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| accessdate = 2016-03-14 |
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}}</ref> |
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<ref name="microstockfocalenc">{{Cite book| last = Peres| first = Michael R| title = The Focal encyclopaedia of photography: digital imaging, theory and applications, history, and science| publisher = Focal Press| date = 2007| pages = 352| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VYyldcYfq3MC&dq=%22rights+managed%22+license&source=gbs_navlinks_s| isbn = 978-0-240-80740-9}}</ref> |
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<ref name="fbookonstockphotography"> |
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{{cite news |
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| title =The Focal Encyclopedia of Photography: Digital Imaging, Theory and Applications, History, and Science |
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| first =Michael |
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| last =R. Peres |
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| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=VYyldcYfq3MC&pg=PA351&lpg=PA351&dq=history+of+stock+photo+agencies&source=bl&ots=s_sexzSk1Q&sig=rXYciccSubalHlz2mk4f1UrYw3A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwik6o72-OnNAhUW0mMKHR5vAVg4FBDoAQhjMAk#v=onepage&q=history%20of%20stock%20photo%20agencies&f=false |
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| newspaper = |
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| publisher =[[Taylor & Francis]] |
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| date =2007 |
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| accessdate = 2016-03-14 |
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}} page 351</ref> |
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<ref name="focalgoogle353">{{Cite book| last = Peres| first = Michael R| title = The Focal encyclopaedia of photography: digital imaging, theory and applications, history, and science| publisher = Focal Press| year = 2007| pages = 352–353| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VYyldcYfq3MC&dq=%22rights+managed%22+license&source=gbs_navlinks_s| isbn = 978-0-240-80740-9}}</ref> |
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}} |
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== Bacaan tambahan == |
== Bacaan tambahan == |
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{{refbegin}} |
{{refbegin}} |
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* {{Cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Claire Cain |title=From Sex Object to Gritty Woman: The Evolution of Women in Stock Photos |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2017-09-07 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/07/upshot/from-sex-object-to-gritty-woman-the-evolution-of-women-in-stock-photos.html |issn=0362-4331 |df=mdy-all }} |
* {{Cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Claire Cain |title=From Sex Object to Gritty Woman: The Evolution of Women in Stock Photos |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2017-09-07 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/07/upshot/from-sex-object-to-gritty-woman-the-evolution-of-women-in-stock-photos.html |issn=0362-4331 |df=mdy-all |access-date=2019-04-03 |archive-date=2017-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926042411/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/07/upshot/from-sex-object-to-gritty-woman-the-evolution-of-women-in-stock-photos.html |dead-url=no }} |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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==Pranala luar== |
== Pranala luar == |
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*{{commons category-inline|Stock photographies}} |
* {{commons category-inline|Stock photographies}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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[[ |
[[Kategori:Arsip foto]] |
Revisi terkini sejak 24 Juli 2023 07.52
Fotografi stok adalah suplai foto yang sering dilisensikan untuk pemakaian-pemakaian spesifik. [1] Industri foto stok, yang dimulai pada 1920an,[1] telah menghimpun model-model yang meliputi fotografi makrostok tradisional,[2] fotografi midstok,[3] dan fotografi mikrostok.[4] Agensi-agensi stok konvensional menentapkan harga dari beberapa ratus sampai beberapa ribu dolar Amerika Serikat per gambar, sementara fotografi mikrostok dapat dijual sekitar USD 25 sen.[4] Para fotografer stok profesional biasanya menempatkan gambar-gambar mereka ke sebuah atau sejumlah agensi stok atas dasar kontrak[1] sementara agensi-agensi stok dapat menerima foto-foto berkualitas tinggi dari para fotografer amatir melalui tawaran daring.
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ a b c R. Peres, Michael (2007). "The Focal Encyclopedia of Photography: Digital Imaging, Theory and Applications, History, and Science". Taylor & Francis. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-24. Diakses tanggal 2016-03-14. page 351
- ^ "Traditional Stock Agencies". budgetstockphoto.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-17. Diakses tanggal 2016-03-14.
- ^ Grunbaum, Rami (March 13, 2015). "Co-founder of Getty Images steps down as CEO". The Seattle Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-08-15. Diakses tanggal 2016-07-15.
- ^ a b Eric A. Taub, "When Are Photos Like Penny Stocks? When They Sell" Diarsipkan 2021-02-25 di Wayback Machine., New York Times, June 5, 2007
Bacaan tambahan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Miller, Claire Cain (September 7, 2017). "From Sex Object to Gritty Woman: The Evolution of Women in Stock Photos". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 26, 2017. Diakses tanggal April 3, 2019.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Media tentang Stock photographies di Wikimedia Commons