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Daftar imperium terbesar: Perbedaan antara revisi

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(17 revisi perantara oleh 11 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
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{{Update|date=Juni 2023}}
Istilah '''[[kekaisaran]]''' atau '''[[Imperium]]''' menyiratkan perluasan kedaulatan suatu [[Negara]] atau [[Bangsa]] atas wilayah-wilayah eksternal, yang membawahi banyak negara, [[Kelompok etnik|suku]] dan bangsa, membentuk suatu kesatuan politik raya. Di antara kekaisaran-kekaisaran besar dalam sejarah kemanusiaan dapat ditemukan, misalnya, Kerajaan Spanyol pertama dan, kemudian, Kerajaan Inggris , yang pada zamannya disebut "kekaisaran tempat matahari tidak pernah terbenam", karena memiliki wilayah di bawah kendali mereka di seluruh dunia.
Istilah '''[[kekaisaran]]''' atau '''[[Imperium]]''' menyiratkan perluasan kedaulatan suatu [[Negara]] atau [[Bangsa]] atas wilayah-wilayah eksternal, yang membawahi banyak negara, [[Kelompok etnik|suku]], dan bangsa untuk membentuk suatu kesatuan politik raya. Di antara kekaisaran-kekaisaran besar dalam sejarah kemanusiaan dapat ditemukan, misalnya, Kerajaan Spanyol pertama kemudian, Kerajaan Inggris , yang pada zamannya disebut "kekaisaran tempat matahari tidak pernah terbenam", karena memiliki wilayah besar (seluruh dunia) di bawah kendali mereka.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Taagepera|first=Rein|author-link=Rein Taagepera|date=1978|title=Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 3000 to 600 B.C.|url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt6wf6m5qg/qt6wf6m5qg.pdf|url-status=live|journal=[[Social Science Research]]|volume=7|issue=2|pages=180–196|doi=10.1016/0049-089x(78)90010-8|issn=0049-089X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707202816/https://escholarship.org/content/qt6wf6m5qg/qt6wf6m5qg.pdf|archive-date=2020-07-07|access-date=2020-07-07}}</ref>


== Urutan Kekaisaran dan Imperium terbesar ==
== Urutan Kekaisaran dan Imperium terbesar ==
Baris 52: Baris 53:
|-
|-
|[[Imperium kolonial Prancis|Imperium Prancis]]
|[[Imperium kolonial Prancis|Imperium Prancis]]
|[[Berkas:131Etendue de l'Empire Français.svg|200x200px]]
|[[Berkas:131Etendue de l'Empire Français.png|200x200px]]
|12,9
|12,9
|1938
|1938
Baris 80: Baris 81:
|-
|-
|[[Imperialisme Amerika Serikat|Imperium Amerika Serikat]]
|[[Imperialisme Amerika Serikat|Imperium Amerika Serikat]]
|[[Berkas:US insular areas.svg|200x200px]]
|[[Berkas:American Empire1.PNG|al=|200x200px]]
|10
|10
|1899
|1899
Baris 120: Baris 121:
|150
|150
|1600
|1600
|-
|[[Kekhalifahan Rasyidin]]
|[[Berkas:Mohammad adil-Rashidun-empire-at-its-peak-close.PNG|200x200px]]
|6.4<ref name="Taagepera1997">Taagepera1997</ref>
|655
|40,3
|{{Date table sorting|655}}<ref name="Taagepera1997"/>
|-
|-
|[[Dinasti Han]]
|[[Dinasti Han]]
Baris 202: Baris 210:
|3,9
|3,9
|301 BC
|301 BC
|
|
|-
|[[Imperium Italia]]
|[[Berkas:Italian Empire total.png|200x200px]]
|3,8
|1940
|51,9
|1938
|-
|[[Kekaisaran Belanda|Imperium Belanda]]
|[[Berkas:DutchEmpire15.png|200x200px]]
|3,7
|1940
|60,0
|1940
|-
|[[Jerman Nazi]]
|[[Berkas:Greater German Reich (1942).svg|203x203px]]
|3.6
|1942
|
|
|-
|[[Kekaisaran Gupta]]
|[[Berkas:GuptaEmpire300-550.png|200x200px]]
|3,5
|400
|
|
|-
|[[Kekaisaran Sassania]]
|[[Berkas:SassanidEmpirebiggerbymae.png|200x200px]]
|3,5
|620
|
|
|
|
Baris 209: Baris 252:


# [[Imperium Britania]] - 33.4 juta km²
# [[Imperium Britania]] - 33.4 juta km²
# [[Kekaisaran Mongolia|Imperium Mongolia]] - 33.2 juta km²
# [[Kekaisaran Mongolia|Imperium Mongolia]] - 24.9 juta km²
# [[Kekaisaran Rusia]] - 22.8 juta km²
# [[Kekaisaran Rusia]] - 22.8 juta km²
# [[Kekaisaran Spanyol|Imperium Spanyol]] - 19 juta km²
# [[Kekaisaran Spanyol|Imperium Spanyol]] - 19 juta km²
# [[Bani Umayyah|Kekhalifahan Umayyah]] - 15.0
# [[Bani Umayyah|Kekhalifahan Umayyah]] - 11.1 juta km²
# [[Kekaisaran Kedua Prancis|Kekaisaran Prancis]] - 13.5 juta km²
# [[Kekaisaran Kedua Prancis|Kekaisaran Prancis]] - 13.5 juta km²
# [[Dinasti Qing]] (sekarang [[Tiongkok]]) - 12 juta km²
# [[Dinasti Qing]] (sekarang [[Tiongkok]]) - 12 juta km²
Baris 258: Baris 301:
# [[Kerajaan Akkadia]] - 650,000&nbsp;km²<ref name=irows>Chase-Dunn, Álvarez and Pasciuti (2002, p. 8-9).</ref>
# [[Kerajaan Akkadia]] - 650,000&nbsp;km²<ref name=irows>Chase-Dunn, Álvarez and Pasciuti (2002, p. 8-9).</ref>
# [[Dinasti Nanda|Kerajaan Nanda]] - 600,000&nbsp;km²
# [[Dinasti Nanda|Kerajaan Nanda]] - 600,000&nbsp;km²
# [[Austria-Hongaria|Kekaisaran Austro-Hongaria]] - 600,000&nbsp;km²<ref name=WWI>Broadberry and Harrison (2005).</ref>
# [[Austria-Hungaria|Kekaisaran Austro-Hungaria]] - 600,000&nbsp;km²<ref name=WWI>Broadberry and Harrison (2005).</ref>
# [[Kekaisaran Babilonia Baru|Kerajaan Kaldea]] - 500,000&nbsp;km²<ref name=irows />
# [[Kekaisaran Babilonia Baru|Kerajaan Kaldea]] - 500,000&nbsp;km²<ref name=irows />
# [[Kekaisaran Vijayanagara|Kerajaan Vijayanagar]] - 360,000&nbsp;km²<ref name=Sinopoli>Sinopoli (2003, p. 82)</ref>
# [[Kekaisaran Vijayanagara|Kerajaan Vijayanagar]] - 360,000&nbsp;km²<ref name=Sinopoli>Sinopoli (2003, p. 82)</ref>
Baris 278: Baris 321:
# [[Dinasti Song]] - 59 juta (pada 1000)<ref name=Maddison />
# [[Dinasti Song]] - 59 juta (pada 1000)<ref name=Maddison />
# [[Kekaisaran Italia|Imperium Italia]] - 51.9 juta (pada 1938)<ref name=Harrison />
# [[Kekaisaran Italia|Imperium Italia]] - 51.9 juta (pada 1938)<ref name=Harrison />
# [[Austria-Hongaria|Kekaisaran Austro-Hungarian]] - 50.6 juta (pada 1913)
# [[Austria-Hungaria|Kekaisaran Austro-Hungarian]] - 50.6 juta (pada 1913)
# [[Kekaisaran Maurya]] - 50 juta
# [[Kekaisaran Maurya]] - 50 juta
# [[Kekaisaran Akhemenid]] - 42 juta
# [[Kekaisaran Akhemenid]] - 42 juta
Baris 289: Baris 332:
== Rujukan ==
== Rujukan ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Taagepera|first=Rein|author-link=Rein Taagepera|date=1978|title=Size and duration of empires: Systematics of size|url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt8vx325vq/qt8vx325vq_noSplash_a2c2db5cdb06a3d4d4e35b2852a74948.pdf|url-status=live|journal=[[Social Science Research]]|language=en|volume=7|issue=2|pages=108–127|doi=10.1016/0049-089X(78)90007-8|issn=0049-089X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707192527/https://escholarship.org/content/qt8vx325vq/qt8vx325vq_noSplash_a2c2db5cdb06a3d4d4e35b2852a74948.pdf|archive-date=2020-07-07|access-date=2020-07-07}}
* Jonathan M. Adams, Thomas D. Hall and [[Peter Turchin]] (2004). [http://www.eeb.uconn.edu/people/turchin/PDF/Latitude.pdf ''East-West Orientation of Historical Empires.''] [[University of Connecticut]].
* {{Cite journal|last=Taagepera|first=Rein|author-link=Rein Taagepera|date=1978|title=Size and duration of empires: Systematics of size|url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt8vx325vq/qt8vx325vq_noSplash_a2c2db5cdb06a3d4d4e35b2852a74948.pdf|url-status=live|journal=[[Social Science Research]]|language=en|volume=7|issue=2|pages=111|doi=10.1016/0049-089X(78)90007-8|issn=0049-089X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707192527/https://escholarship.org/content/qt8vx325vq/qt8vx325vq_noSplash_a2c2db5cdb06a3d4d4e35b2852a74948.pdf|archive-date=2020-07-07|access-date=2020-07-07}}
* Jonathan M. Adams, Thomas D. Hall and [[Peter Turchin]] (2004). [http://www.eeb.uconn.edu/people/turchin/PDF/Latitude.pdf ''East-West Orientation of Historical Empires.''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527235437/http://www.eeb.uconn.edu/people/turchin/PDF/Latitude.pdf |date=2008-05-27 }} [[University of Connecticut]].
* J. Beloch (1886), ''Die Bevölkerung der griechisch–römischen Welt'', Duncker and Humblot, Leipzig.
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* Jean-Noël Biraben (2003). "The rising numbers of humankind", ''Populations & Societies'' '''394'''.
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Baris 296: Baris 341:
* Christopher Chase-Dunn, Alexis Álvarez, and Daniel Pasciuti (2002). [http://repositories.cdlib.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=irows ''Power and Size: Urbanization and Empire Formation in World-Systems Since the Bronze Age''.] [[University of California, Riverside]].
* Christopher Chase-Dunn, Alexis Álvarez, and Daniel Pasciuti (2002). [http://repositories.cdlib.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=irows ''Power and Size: Urbanization and Empire Formation in World-Systems Since the Bronze Age''.] [[University of California, Riverside]].
* Raymond W. Goldsmith (1984), "An estimate of the size and structure of the national product of the Early Roman Empire", ''Journal of the International Association for Research in Income and Wealth'' '''30'''
* Raymond W. Goldsmith (1984), "An estimate of the size and structure of the national product of the Early Roman Empire", ''Journal of the International Association for Research in Income and Wealth'' '''30'''
* Bruce R. Gordon (2005). [http://ellone-loire.net/obsidian/earthrul.html ''To Rule the Earth...''] ([http://web.archive.org/web/20020321105432/http://ellone-loire.net/obsidian/earthrul.html cached]) (See [http://www.hostkingdom.net/Bibliography.html Bibliography] for sources used.)
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* Mark Harrison (1998). ''The Economics of World War II: Six Great Powers in International Comparison''.
* Mark Harrison (1998). ''The Economics of World War II: Six Great Powers in International Comparison''.
* [[Angus Maddison]] (2001). ''[[The World Economy: Historical Statistics|The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective]]''. [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]], Paris.
* [[Angus Maddison]] (2001). ''[[The World Economy: Historical Statistics|The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective]]''. [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]], Paris.
Baris 303: Baris 348:
* Sevket Pamuk (2005), "The Ottoman Empire in World War I". In Stephen Broadberry and Mark Harrison (2005), ''The Economics of World War I'', p.&nbsp;112-136. [[Cambridge University Press]]. ISBN 0-521-85212-9.
* Sevket Pamuk (2005), "The Ottoman Empire in World War I". In Stephen Broadberry and Mark Harrison (2005), ''The Economics of World War I'', p.&nbsp;112-136. [[Cambridge University Press]]. ISBN 0-521-85212-9.
* Donald Quataert (2005). ''The Ottoman Empire, 1700-1922''.
* Donald Quataert (2005). ''The Ottoman Empire, 1700-1922''.
* Walter Scheidel (2005). [http://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/scheidel/110505.pdf The monetary systems of the Han and Roman empires]. [[Stanford University]].
* Walter Scheidel (2005). [http://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/scheidel/110505.pdf The monetary systems of the Han and Roman empires] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712074105/http://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/scheidel/110505.pdf |date=2007-07-12 }}. [[Stanford University]].
* Walter Scheidel (2006). [http://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/scheidel/120601.pdf Imperial state formation in Rome and China]. [[Stanford University]].
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* Carla M. Sinopoli (2003). ''The Political Economy of Craft Production: Crafting Empire in South India, C. 1350-1650''.
* Carla M. Sinopoli (2003). ''The Political Economy of Craft Production: Crafting Empire in South India, C. 1350-1650''.
* Ralph Thomlinson (1975), ''Demographic Problems, Controversy Over Population Control'', Second Edition.
* Ralph Thomlinson (1975), ''Demographic Problems, Controversy Over Population Control'', Second Edition.
* Dr Frances Wood (2006). [http://static.royalacademy.org.uk/files/china-student-guide-6.pdf ''China: The Three Emperors''.] [[Royal Academy]].
* Dr Frances Wood (2006). [http://static.royalacademy.org.uk/files/china-student-guide-6.pdf ''China: The Three Emperors''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511222410/http://static.royalacademy.org.uk/files/china-student-guide-6.pdf |date=2013-05-11 }} [[Royal Academy]].
* H. Yoon (1985). "An early Chinese idea of a dynamic environmental cycle", ''[[GeoJournal]]'' '''10''' (2), p.&nbsp;211-212.
* H. Yoon (1985). "An early Chinese idea of a dynamic environmental cycle", ''[[GeoJournal]]'' '''10''' (2), p.&nbsp;211-212.