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'''Gerakan Hidup Baru''' adalah gerakan sipil yang dipimpin pemerintah pada tahun 1930-an di Tiongkok untuk menggalakkan reformasi budaya dan moralitas sosial Neo-Konfusianisme dan pada akhirnya menyatukan Tiongkok di bawah ideologi terpusat menyusul munculnya tantangan ideologis terhadap status quo. [[Chiang Kai-shek]] sebagai kepala pemerintahan dan [[Kuomintang|Partai Nasionalis Tiongkok]] meluncurkan inisiatif ini pada 19 Februari 1934 sebagai bagian dari kampanye antikomunis, dan segera memperbesar kampanye untuk menargetkan seluruh negara.{{sfnb|Yip|1992|p=287}} |
'''Gerakan Hidup Baru''' adalah gerakan sipil yang dipimpin pemerintah pada tahun 1930-an di Tiongkok untuk menggalakkan reformasi budaya dan moralitas sosial [[ Neo-Konfusianisme]] dan pada akhirnya menyatukan Tiongkok di bawah ideologi terpusat menyusul munculnya tantangan ideologis terhadap status quo. [[Chiang Kai-shek]] sebagai kepala pemerintahan dan [[Kuomintang|Partai Nasionalis Tiongkok]] meluncurkan inisiatif ini pada 19 Februari 1934 sebagai bagian dari kampanye antikomunis, dan segera memperbesar kampanye untuk menargetkan seluruh negara.{{sfnb|Yip|1992|p=287}} |
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Chiang dan istrinya, [[Soong Mei-ling]], yang memainkan peran utama dalam kampanye, menganjurkan kehidupan yang dipandu oleh [[Empat Prinsip Utama dan Delapan Kebajikan|empat kebajikan]], ''[[Li (Kong Hu Cu) |lǐ]]'' (禮/礼, ritus yang tepat), ''[[Yi (Kong Hu Cu)|yì]]'' (義/义, kebenaran atau keadilan), ''lián'' (廉, kejujuran dan |
Chiang dan istrinya, [[Soong May-ling|Soong Mei-ling]], yang memainkan peran utama dalam kampanye, menganjurkan kehidupan yang dipandu oleh [[Empat Prinsip Utama dan Delapan Kebajikan|empat kebajikan]], ''[[Li (Kong Hu Cu) |lǐ]]'' (禮/礼, ritus yang tepat), ''[[Yi (Kong Hu Cu)|yì]]'' (義/义, kebenaran atau keadilan), ''lián'' (廉, kejujuran dan bersih dari korupsi), dan ''chǐ'' (恥/耻, rasa malu; rasa benar dan salah).{{sfnb|Chiang|1934}} Kampanye ini berlangsung dengan bantuan [[Kelompok Baju Biru]] dan [[Kelompok CC]] di dalam Partai Nasionalis, dan misionaris Kristen di Tiongkok.<ref name="schok">Schoppa, R. Keith. [https://books.google.com/books?id=M6_tAAAAMAAJ&dq=editions%3A2g1y80xsQbIC&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=New+Life+Movement The Revolution and Its Past] (New York: Pearson Prentic Hall, 2nd ed. 2006, pp. 208–209 .</ref> |
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== Lihat pula == |
== Lihat pula == |
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== Referensi dan bacaan lanjutan == |
== Referensi dan bacaan lanjutan == |
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* {{citation| others = reprinted Columbia University - East Asian Curriculum Project|url = http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/cup/chiang_kaishek_new_life.pdf |
* {{citation| others = reprinted Columbia University - East Asian Curriculum Project| url = http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/cup/chiang_kaishek_new_life.pdf| title = "On The Need For a New Life Movement" (Speech 1934)| first = Kai-shek| last = Chiang| date = 1934| accessdate = 2021-11-01| archive-date = 2023-06-30| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230630081328/http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/cup/chiang_kaishek_new_life.pdf| dead-url = no}} |
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*{{cite book |
*{{cite book|editor = DeBary, Wm. Theodore|year = 2000|title = Sources of Chinese Tradition: From 1600 through the Twentieth Century|volume = II|publisher = Columbia University Press|location = New York|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DaarAgAAQBAJ&q=deBary+Sources+Chinese+Tradition+New+Life+Movement&pg=PA341|isbn = 0231-11271-8|access-date = 2021-11-01|archive-date = 2023-08-01|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230801035312/https://books.google.com/books?id=DaarAgAAQBAJ&q=deBary+Sources+Chinese+Tradition+New+Life+Movement&pg=PA341|dead-url = no}} |
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* {{citation| last = Dirlik | first = Arif | title = The Ideological Foundations of the New Life Movement: A Study in Counterrevolution | journal = Journal of Asian Studies |volume = 34 |number = 4 |year = 1975 | pages = 945–980| doi = 10.2307/2054509 | jstor = 2054509 }} |
* {{citation| last = Dirlik | first = Arif | title = The Ideological Foundations of the New Life Movement: A Study in Counterrevolution | journal = Journal of Asian Studies |volume = 34 |number = 4 |year = 1975 | pages = 945–980| doi = 10.2307/2054509 | jstor = 2054509 }} |
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* {{cite book |last = Eastman |first = Lloyd |year = 1974 |title = The Abortive Revolution: China under Nationalist Rule, 1927-1937 |publisher = Harvard University Press |location = Cambridge, Mass. |isbn = 0674001753 |url = https://archive.org/details/abortiverevoluti00lloy }} |
* {{cite book |last = Eastman |first = Lloyd |year = 1974 |title = The Abortive Revolution: China under Nationalist Rule, 1927-1937 |publisher = Harvard University Press |location = Cambridge, Mass. |isbn = 0674001753 |url = https://archive.org/details/abortiverevoluti00lloy }} |
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* {{citation| last = Heinrichs | first = Maurus | title = Vita nova et vita christiana | journal = Collectanea commissionis synodalis |volume = 9 |number = 1 |year = 1936 | pages = 39-69 }} |
* {{citation| last = Heinrichs | first = Maurus | title = Vita nova et vita christiana | journal = Collectanea commissionis synodalis |volume = 9 |number = 1 |year = 1936 | pages = 39-69 }} |
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* {{cite book |last = Li |first = Laura Tyson |year = 2006 |title = Madame Chiang Kai-shek: China's Eternal First Lady |publisher = Atlantic Monthly Press| location = New York|url=https://archive.org/details/madamechiangkais00lila |url-access = registration |page = [https://archive.org/details/madamechiangkais00lila/page/492 492] |quote = China New Life Movement. |isbn = 0871139332}} |
* {{cite book |last = Li |first = Laura Tyson |year = 2006 |title = Madame Chiang Kai-shek: China's Eternal First Lady |publisher = Atlantic Monthly Press| location = New York|url=https://archive.org/details/madamechiangkais00lila |url-access = registration |page = [https://archive.org/details/madamechiangkais00lila/page/492 492] |quote = China New Life Movement. |isbn = 0871139332}} |
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* {{cite journal |last =Liu |first = |
* {{cite journal |last =Liu |first =Wennan |title =Redefining the Moral and Legal Roles of the State in Everyday Life: The New Life Movement in China in the Mid-1930s |journal =Cross-Currents: East Asian History and Culture Review |volume =2 |issue =2 |pages =335–365 |date =2013 |url =https://cross-currents.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/e-journal/articles/liu_0.pdf |doi =10.1353/ach.2013.0022 |doi-access =free |access-date =2021-11-01 |archive-date =2022-03-17 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20220317224711/https://cross-currents.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/e-journal/articles/liu_0.pdf |dead-url =yes }} |
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* "Americans and Ideological Reform: The New Life Movement," in {{cite book |last = Thomson |first = James Claude, Jr. |year = 1969 |title = While China Faced West: American Reformers in Nationalist China, 1928-1937 |publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge|url=https://archive.org/details/whilechinafacedw0000thom |url-access = registration }}, pp. 151– 174. |
* "Americans and Ideological Reform: The New Life Movement," in {{cite book |last = Thomson |first = James Claude, Jr. |year = 1969 |title = While China Faced West: American Reformers in Nationalist China, 1928-1937 |publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge|url=https://archive.org/details/whilechinafacedw0000thom |url-access = registration }}, pp. 151– 174. |
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* {{cite encyclopedia|ref=harv|editor=Edwin Pak-wah Leung|title = Historical Dictionary of Revolutionary China, 1839-1976|publisher = Greenwood Press| article = New Life Movement|first=Ka-che|last= Yip|year = 1992| pages = 289–290}} |
* {{cite encyclopedia|ref=harv|editor=Edwin Pak-wah Leung|title = Historical Dictionary of Revolutionary China, 1839-1976|publisher = Greenwood Press| article = New Life Movement|first=Ka-che|last= Yip|year = 1992| pages = 289–290}} |
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Revisi terkini sejak 1 Agustus 2023 03.53
Gerakan Hidup Baru adalah gerakan sipil yang dipimpin pemerintah pada tahun 1930-an di Tiongkok untuk menggalakkan reformasi budaya dan moralitas sosial Neo-Konfusianisme dan pada akhirnya menyatukan Tiongkok di bawah ideologi terpusat menyusul munculnya tantangan ideologis terhadap status quo. Chiang Kai-shek sebagai kepala pemerintahan dan Partai Nasionalis Tiongkok meluncurkan inisiatif ini pada 19 Februari 1934 sebagai bagian dari kampanye antikomunis, dan segera memperbesar kampanye untuk menargetkan seluruh negara.[1]
Chiang dan istrinya, Soong Mei-ling, yang memainkan peran utama dalam kampanye, menganjurkan kehidupan yang dipandu oleh empat kebajikan, lǐ (禮/礼, ritus yang tepat), yì (義/义, kebenaran atau keadilan), lián (廉, kejujuran dan bersih dari korupsi), dan chǐ (恥/耻, rasa malu; rasa benar dan salah).[2] Kampanye ini berlangsung dengan bantuan Kelompok Baju Biru dan Kelompok CC di dalam Partai Nasionalis, dan misionaris Kristen di Tiongkok.[3]
Lihat pula
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Sejarah Republik Tiongkok
- Chiang Kai-shek
- Gerakan 4 Mei
- Renaisans Kebudayaan Tionghoa
- Gerakan Rekonstruksi Pedesaan
Catatan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Yip (1992), hlm. 287.
- ^ Chiang (1934).
- ^ Schoppa, R. Keith. The Revolution and Its Past (New York: Pearson Prentic Hall, 2nd ed. 2006, pp. 208–209 .
Referensi dan bacaan lanjutan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Chiang, Kai-shek (1934), "On The Need For a New Life Movement" (Speech 1934) (PDF), reprinted Columbia University - East Asian Curriculum Project, diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2023-06-30, diakses tanggal 2021-11-01
- DeBary, Wm. Theodore, ed. (2000). Sources of Chinese Tradition: From 1600 through the Twentieth Century. II. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231-11271-8. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 2021-11-01.
- Dirlik, Arif (1975), "The Ideological Foundations of the New Life Movement: A Study in Counterrevolution", Journal of Asian Studies, 34 (4): 945–980, doi:10.2307/2054509, JSTOR 2054509
- Eastman, Lloyd (1974). The Abortive Revolution: China under Nationalist Rule, 1927-1937. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674001753.
- Heinrichs, Maurus (1936), "Vita nova et vita christiana", Collectanea commissionis synodalis, 9 (1): 39–69
- Li, Laura Tyson (2006). Madame Chiang Kai-shek: China's Eternal First Lady
. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press. hlm. 492. ISBN 0871139332. China New Life Movement.
- Liu, Wennan (2013). "Redefining the Moral and Legal Roles of the State in Everyday Life: The New Life Movement in China in the Mid-1930s" (PDF). Cross-Currents: East Asian History and Culture Review. 2 (2): 335–365. doi:10.1353/ach.2013.0022
. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2022-03-17. Diakses tanggal 2021-11-01. - "Americans and Ideological Reform: The New Life Movement," in Thomson, James Claude, Jr. (1969). While China Faced West: American Reformers in Nationalist China, 1928-1937. Cambridge: Harvard University Press., pp. 151– 174.
- Yip, Ka-che (1992). "New Life Movement". Dalam Edwin Pak-wah Leung. Historical Dictionary of Revolutionary China, 1839-1976. Greenwood Press. hlm. 289–290.
