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'''''Haijin''''' atau '''larangan laut''' adalah serangkaian kebijakan Tiongkok terkait [[isolasionisme|isolasionis]] yang membatasi perdagangan maritim swasta dan pemukiman pesisir pada sebagian besar zaman [[dinasti Ming]] dan beberapa masa [[dinasti Qing]]. Mula-mula diterapkan untuk menghadapi [[wokou|pembajakan]] [[keshogunan Ashikaga|Jepang]] yang timbul di kalangan partisan [[dinasti Yuan|Yuan]], larangan laut peneuhnya bersifat kontra-produktif: pada abad ke-16, pembajakan dan penyeludupan menjadi endemik dan kebanyakan dilakukan oleh orang Tionghoa yang melanggar aturan tersebut. |
'''''Haijin''''' atau '''larangan laut''' adalah serangkaian kebijakan Tiongkok terkait [[isolasionisme|isolasionis]] yang membatasi perdagangan maritim swasta dan pemukiman pesisir pada sebagian besar zaman [[dinasti Ming]] dan beberapa masa [[dinasti Qing]]. Mula-mula diterapkan untuk menghadapi [[wokou|pembajakan]] [[keshogunan Ashikaga|Jepang]] yang timbul di kalangan partisan [[dinasti Yuan|Yuan]], larangan laut peneuhnya bersifat kontra-produktif: pada abad ke-16, pembajakan dan penyeludupan menjadi endemik dan kebanyakan dilakukan oleh orang Tionghoa yang melanggar aturan tersebut. |
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==Referensi== |
== Referensi == |
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===Kutipan=== |
=== Kutipan === |
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{{reflist|30em}} |
{{reflist|30em}} |
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===Daftar pustaka=== |
=== Daftar pustaka === |
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* {{citation |editor-last=Knight |editor-first=Charles |contribution=Commercial Intercourse with China |title=Knight's Store of Knowledge for All Readers |pp=[https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=ZJteAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA129 129–152] |publisher=Charles Knight & Co. |display-editors=0 |date=1841 |ref={{harvid|''Knight's''|1841}} }}. |
* {{citation |editor-last=Knight |editor-first=Charles |contribution=Commercial Intercourse with China |title=Knight's Store of Knowledge for All Readers |pp=[https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=ZJteAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA129 129–152] |publisher=Charles Knight & Co. |display-editors=0 |date=1841 |ref={{harvid|''Knight's''|1841}} }}. |
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* {{citation |last=Deng |first=Gang |authormask=Deng Gang |year=1999 |title= Maritime Sector, Institutions, and Sea Power of Premodern China |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=0-313-30712-1}}. |
* {{citation |last=Deng |first=Gang |authormask=Deng Gang |year=1999 |title= Maritime Sector, Institutions, and Sea Power of Premodern China |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=0-313-30712-1}}. |
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* {{citation |last=Fairbank |first=John K. |author2=Merle Goldman |display-authors=1 |date=2006 |title=China: A New History |edition=2nd |location=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]] |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=0-674-01828-1 |ref={{harvid|Fairbank & al.|2006}} }}. |
* {{citation |last=Fairbank |first=John K. |author2=Merle Goldman |display-authors=1 |date=2006 |title=China: A New History |edition=2nd |location=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]] |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=0-674-01828-1 |ref={{harvid|Fairbank & al.|2006}} }}. |
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* {{citation |last=Hayes |first=James W. |authorlink=James W. Hayes |date= |
* {{citation |last=Hayes |first=James W. |authorlink=James W. Hayes |date=1974 |title=The Hong Kong Region: Its Place in Traditional Chinese Historiography and Principal Events since the Establishment of Hsin-an County in 1573 |journal=Journal of the [[Royal Asiatic Society]] Hong Kong Branch |volume=Vol. 14 |pp=108–135 |location=Hong Kong |doi= |url=http://hkjo.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/1456f650fd5455b7f60085907e5fc462.pdf |issn=1991-7295 |accessdate=2018-08-30 |archive-date=2016-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207181857/http://hkjo.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/1456f650fd5455b7f60085907e5fc462.pdf |dead-url=no }}. |
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* {{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C7dPlL7_yi4C |title=China Rising: Peace, Power, and Order in East Asia |first=David Chan-oong |last=Kang |year=2007 |publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York |isbn=0-231-14188-2 }}. |
* {{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C7dPlL7_yi4C |title=China Rising: Peace, Power, and Order in East Asia |first=David Chan-oong |last=Kang |year=2007 |publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York |isbn=0-231-14188-2 }}. |
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* {{citation |last=Li |first=Kangying |authormask=Li Kangying |title=The Ming Maritime Trade Policy in Transition, 1368 to 1567 |url=https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=srGEMarSWLYC&printsec=frontcover |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz |location=Wiesbaden |date=2010 }}. |
* {{citation |last=Li |first=Kangying |authormask=Li Kangying |title=The Ming Maritime Trade Policy in Transition, 1368 to 1567 |url=https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=srGEMarSWLYC&printsec=frontcover |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz |location=Wiesbaden |date=2010 }}. |
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* {{citation |url=https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=mLBgaa8d4aMC&printsec=frontcover |title=Intra-Asian Trade and the World Market |editor=A. John H. Latham |editor2=Heita Kawakatsu |display-editors=0 |series=''Studies in the Modern History of Asia'' |publisher=Routledge |location=Abingdon |date=2006 |contribution=China's Overseas Trade Policy and Its Historical Results: 1522–1840 |pp=4–23 |last=Shi |first=Zhihong |authormask=Shi Zhihong }}. |
* {{citation |url=https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=mLBgaa8d4aMC&printsec=frontcover |title=Intra-Asian Trade and the World Market |editor=A. John H. Latham |editor2=Heita Kawakatsu |display-editors=0 |series=''Studies in the Modern History of Asia'' |publisher=Routledge |location=Abingdon |date=2006 |contribution=China's Overseas Trade Policy and Its Historical Results: 1522–1840 |pp=4–23 |last=Shi |first=Zhihong |authormask=Shi Zhihong }}. |
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* {{citation |last=Von Glahn |first=Richard |date=1996 |title=Fountain of Fortune: Money and Monetary Policy in China, 1000–1700 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |isbn=0-520-20408-5 }}. |
* {{citation |last=Von Glahn |first=Richard |date=1996 |title=Fountain of Fortune: Money and Monetary Policy in China, 1000–1700 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |isbn=0-520-20408-5 }}. |
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* {{citation |last=Wang |first=Xiangrong |authormask=Wang Xiangrong |contribution-url=http://chinajapan.org/articles/02.1/02.1.28-41wang.pdf |contribution=Periodizing the History of Sino-Japanese Relations |title=Sino-Japanese Studies |volume=Vol. 2 |date=1980 }}. |
* {{citation |last=Wang |first=Xiangrong |authormask=Wang Xiangrong |contribution-url=http://chinajapan.org/articles/02.1/02.1.28-41wang.pdf |contribution=Periodizing the History of Sino-Japanese Relations |title=Sino-Japanese Studies |volume=Vol. 2 |date=1980 |accessdate=2018-08-30 |archive-date=2011-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721053355/http://www.chinajapan.org/articles/02.1/02.1.28-41wang.pdf |dead-url=no }}. |
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[[Kategori:Isolasionisme]] |
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Revisi terkini sejak 12 Agustus 2023 23.26
| Haijin | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hanzi: | 海禁 | ||||||
| Makna harfiah: | sea ban | ||||||
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Haijin atau larangan laut adalah serangkaian kebijakan Tiongkok terkait isolasionis yang membatasi perdagangan maritim swasta dan pemukiman pesisir pada sebagian besar zaman dinasti Ming dan beberapa masa dinasti Qing. Mula-mula diterapkan untuk menghadapi pembajakan Jepang yang timbul di kalangan partisan Yuan, larangan laut peneuhnya bersifat kontra-produktif: pada abad ke-16, pembajakan dan penyeludupan menjadi endemik dan kebanyakan dilakukan oleh orang Tionghoa yang melanggar aturan tersebut.
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Kutipan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Daftar pustaka
[sunting | sunting sumber]- "Commercial Intercourse with China", Knight's Store of Knowledge for All Readers, Charles Knight & Co., 1841, hlm. 129–152.
- Deng Gang (1999), Maritime Sector, Institutions, and Sea Power of Premodern China, Greenwood Press, ISBN 0-313-30712-1.
- Fairbank, John K.; et al. (2006), China: A New History (edisi ke-2nd), Cambridge: Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-01828-1.
- Hayes, James W. (1974), "The Hong Kong Region: Its Place in Traditional Chinese Historiography and Principal Events since the Establishment of Hsin-an County in 1573" (PDF), Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch, Hong Kong, Vol. 14: 108–135, ISSN 1991-7295, diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2016-02-07, diakses tanggal 2018-08-30.
- Kang, David Chan-oong (2007), China Rising: Peace, Power, and Order in East Asia, New York: Columbia University Press, ISBN 0-231-14188-2.
- Li Kangying (2010), The Ming Maritime Trade Policy in Transition, 1368 to 1567, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
- Martin, Sean (2001), Black Death, Harpenden, hlm. 14.
- McNeill, William Hardy (1998), Plagues and Peoples, Anchor, ISBN 978-0-385-12122-4.
- Shi Zhihong (2006), "China's Overseas Trade Policy and Its Historical Results: 1522–1840", Intra-Asian Trade and the World Market, Studies in the Modern History of Asia, Abingdon: Routledge, hlm. 4–23.
- Von Glahn, Richard (1996), Fountain of Fortune: Money and Monetary Policy in China, 1000–1700, Berkeley: University of California Press, ISBN 0-520-20408-5.
- Wang Xiangrong (1980), "Periodizing the History of Sino-Japanese Relations" (PDF), Sino-Japanese Studies, Vol. 2, diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2011-07-21, diakses tanggal 2018-08-30.