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{{untuk|nama orang|Hebron bin Kehat}}
{{untuk|nama orang|Hebron bin Kehat}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
|name=Hebron
|name = Hebron
|image=Hebron172.JPG
|image_skyline = Hebron172.JPG
|caption=Downtown Hebron
|image_caption = Pusat Kota Hebron
|image_seal = Seal of Hebron.tif
|emblem=Hebron_Logo.jpg
|native_name = Palestinian
|emblem_type=Municipal Seal of Hebron
|pushpin_map = Teritori Palestina
|native_name= Arab:الخليل Ibrani: חֶבְרוֹן
|pushpin_map_caption = Lokasi Hebron di [[Tepi Barat]], [[Negara Palestina|Palestina]]
|hebname=חֶבְרוֹן
|arname=الخليل
|meaning=
|pushpin_map=Israel|pushpin_mapsize=250
|latd=31|latm=32|lats=00|latNS=N
|latd=31|latm=32|lats=00|latNS=N
|longd=35 |longm=05|longs=42|longEW=E
|longd=35 |longm=05|longs=42|longEW=E
|founded=
|founded =
|type=muna
|type = Kota
|population_total = 163,146
|typefrom=1997
⚫
|population_as_off = 2007<ref name="PCBS"/>
|altOffSp=Al-Khalīl
|area =
|altUnoSp=Al-Ḫalīl
|area_total_km2 = 74.102
|governorate=hb
|leader_title = Walikota
|population=163,146
|leader_name = Tayseer Abu Sneineh
⚫
|popyear=2007<ref name="PCBS"/>
|leader_title1 = Wakil Walikota
|area=
|leader_name1 =
|areakm=
|subdivision_type = [[Daftar negara berdaulat|Negara]]
|mayor=Khaled Osaily
|subdivision_name = {{PSE}}
⚫
|website= [http://www.hebron-city.ps/ www.hebron-city.ps]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Kegubernuran di Otoritas Nasional Palestina|Kegubernuran]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Kegubernuran Hebron]]
|subdivision_type2 =
|subdivision_name2 =
⚫
|website = [http://www.hebron-city.ps/ www.hebron-city.ps]
}}
}}
'''Hebron''' ([[bahasa Arab]] {{Audio|ArHebron.ogg|'''الخليل'''}} '''al-Ḫalīl''' atau '''al Khalīl''' [[bahasa Ibrani]] {{Audio|He-Hebron.ogg|'''חֶבְרוֹן'''}}, [[Ibrani Standar]] '''Ḥevron''', [[Ibrani Tiberias]] '''Ḥeḇrôn''') adalah sebuah kota di wilayah [[Yudea]] selatan di [[Tepi Barat]]. Di kota ini tinggal sekitar 120.000 orang [[Palestina]] dan 600 orang [[pemukiman Israel|pemukim Israel]],<ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4325035.stm Two Israeli troops shot in Hebron]" - ''[[BBC]]'', 3 Juli 2005</ref> dengan sekitar 7.000 orang [[Yahudi]] tinggal di [[Dewan setempat (Israel)|kota]] [[Kiryat Arba]] di dekatnya. Hebron terletak 930 m di atas [[permukaan laut]].
'''Hebron''' ([[bahasa Arab]] {{Audio|ArHebron.ogg|'''الخليل'''}} '''al-Ḫalīl''' atau '''al Khalīl''' [[bahasa Ibrani]] {{Audio|He-Hebron.ogg|'''חֶבְרוֹן'''}}, [[Ibrani Standar]] '''Ḥevron''', [[Ibrani Tiberias]] '''Ḥeḇrôn''') adalah sebuah kota di wilayah [[Yudea]] selatan di [[Tepi Barat]]. Di kota ini tinggal sekitar 120.000 orang [[Palestina]] dan 600 orang [[pemukiman Israel|pemukim Israel]],<ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4325035.stm Two Israeli troops shot in Hebron] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513202835/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4325035.stm |date=2022-05-13 }}" - ''[[BBC]]'', 3 Juli 2005</ref> dengan sekitar 7.000 orang [[Yahudi]] tinggal di [[Dewan setempat (Israel)|kota]] [[Kiryat Arba]] di dekatnya. Hebron terletak 930 m di atas [[permukaan laut]].
[[Berkas:Deserted Old City Market (Hebron).jpg|thumb|250px|Pasar yang paling sepi di kota lama.]]
[[Berkas:Deserted Old City Market (Hebron).jpg|jmpl|250px|Pasar yang ditinggalkan di Kota Tua.]]


Nama "Hebron" berasal dari nama bahasa Ibrani untuk kota ini, yang aslinya berasal dari kata חבר (''habar'' 598), yang artinya "dipersatukan, digabungkan, dipertautkan." Nama "Hebron" dapat ditelusuri ke akarnya yang sama dengan "''Heber''."<ref>[http://www.abarim-publications.com/Arie/Names/Hebron.html]</ref>
Nama "Hebron" berasal dari nama bahasa Ibrani untuk kota ini, yang aslinya berasal dari kata חבר (''habar'' 598), yang artinya "dipersatukan, digabungkan, dipertautkan." Nama "Hebron" dapat ditelusuri ke akarnya yang sama dengan "''Heber''."<ref>[http://www.abarim-publications.com/Arie/Names/Hebron.html Hebron] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080429030803/http://www.abarim-publications.com/Arie/Names/Hebron.html |date=2008-04-29 }} - Abarim Publications</ref>


Dalam bahasa Arab, "إبراهيم الخليل" berarti "Ibrahim, sang sahabat," yang menunjukkan bahwa, menurut ajaran [[Islam]] yang asli, [[Allah.swt]] memilih Nabi [[Ibrahim]].as sebagai hamba-Nya yang terpilih.<ref>[[Qur'an]]—{{Quran-usc|4|125}} وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ دِينًا مِّمَّنْ أَسْلَمَ وَجْهَهُ لله وَهُوَ مُحْسِنٌ واتَّبَعَ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَنِيفًا وَاتَّخَذَ اللّهُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ خَلِيلاً
Dalam bahasa Arab, "إبراهيم الخليل" berarti "Ibrahim, sang sahabat," yang menunjukkan bahwa, menurut ajaran [[Islam]] yang asli, [[Allah]] memilih Nabi [[Ibrahim]] sebagai hamba-Nya yang terpilih.<ref>[[Qur'an]]—{{Quran-usc|4|125}} وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ دِينًا مِّمَّنْ أَسْلَمَ وَجْهَهُ لله وَهُوَ مُحْسِنٌ واتَّبَعَ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَنِيفًا وَاتَّخَذَ اللّهُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ خَلِيلاً
</ref>
</ref>


Hebron terletak 30 km di selatan [[Yerusalem]]. Kota ini terkenal karena [[anggur]], [[batu kapur]], bengkel-bengkel [[keramik]] dan pabrik [[gelas tiup]]. Hebron juga merupakan lokasi pabrik produk susu yang besar, Al-Juneidi. Kota lama Hebron dicirikan oleh jalan-jalannya yang sempit dan berbelok-belok, rumah-rumah batu beratap datar, dan [[pasar]]-pasar (bazaar) lamanya. Di kota ini juga terdapat [[Universitas Hebron]] dan [http://www.ppu.edu Universitas Politeknik Palestina].
Hebron terletak 30&nbsp;km di selatan [[Yerusalem]]. Kota ini terkenal karena [[anggur]], [[batu kapur]], bengkel-bengkel [[keramik]] dan pabrik [[gelas tiup]]. Hebron juga merupakan lokasi pabrik produk susu yang besar, Al-Juneidi. Kota lama Hebron dicirikan oleh jalan-jalannya yang sempit dan berbelok-belok, rumah-rumah batu beratap datar, dan [[pasar]]-pasar (bazaar) lamanya. Di kota ini juga terdapat [[Universitas Hebron]] dan [http://www.ppu.edu Universitas Politeknik Palestina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070323081708/http://www.ppu.edu/ |date=2007-03-23 }}.
[[Berkas:Israeli soldiers on Palestine street.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Tentara-tentara Israel di Hebron, 2004]]
[[Berkas:Israeli soldiers on Palestine street.jpg|jmpl|250px|ka|Tentara-tentara Israel di Hebron, 2004]]


Situs bersejarah paling terkenal di Hebron terletak di '''Makam para Leluhur''' atau '''[[Gua Makhpela]]''' ({{lang-he|מערת המכפלה}}, atau Me'arat ha-Machpelah; {{lang-ar| الحرم الإبراهيمي}}, atau al-Haram al-Ibrahimi, "tempat suci Abraham"). Situs ini suci bagi ketiga agama Abrahamik: [[Yudaisme]], [[Kristen]], dan [[Islam]]. Menurut ''[[Kitab Kejadian]]'', [[Abraham]] membeli gua itu dan tanah di sekelilingnya untuk menguburkan istrinya [[Sarah]]. Orang [[Yahudi]] percaya bahwa [[Abraham]], [[Sarah]], [[Ishak]], [[Ribka]], [[Yakub]] dan [[Lea]] dimakamkan di gua ini (leluhur yang lainnya, [[Rahel]], dimakamkan di tempat lain, [[Betlehem]]). Karena alasan ini, orang Yahudi juga menyebut kota ini "Kota para Leluhur," dan merupakan salah satu dari empat kota paling suci dalam Yudaisme (bersama-sama dengan [[Yerusalem]], [[Tiberias]] dan [[Tzfat]]). Gua itu sendiri adalah tempat tersuci kedua dalam Yudaisme. Sepanjang sejarah di sini telah dibangun [[gereja]], [[sinagoga]] dan [[masjid]] (lihat "Sejarah," bawah). Aula Ishak kini menjadi [[Masjid Ibrahimi]], sementara Aula Abraham dan Aula Yakub berfungsi sebagai sinagoga Yahudi.
Situs bersejarah paling terkenal di Hebron terletak di '''Makam para Leluhur''' atau '''[[Gua Makhpela]]''' ({{lang-he|מערת המכפלה}}, atau Me'arat ha-Machpelah; {{lang-ar| الحرم الإبراهيمي}}, atau al-Haram al-Ibrahimi, "tempat suci Abraham"). Situs ini suci bagi ketiga agama Abrahamik: [[Yudaisme]], [[Kristen]], dan [[Islam]]. Menurut ''[[Kitab Kejadian]]'', [[Abraham]] membeli gua itu dan tanah di sekelilingnya untuk menguburkan istrinya [[Sarah]]. Orang [[Yahudi]] percaya bahwa [[Abraham]], [[Sarah]], [[Ishak]], [[Ribka]], [[Yakub]] dan [[Lea]] dimakamkan di gua ini (leluhur yang lainnya, [[Rahel]], dimakamkan di tempat lain, [[Betlehem]]). Karena alasan ini, orang Yahudi juga menyebut kota ini "Kota para Leluhur," dan merupakan salah satu dari empat kota paling suci dalam Yudaisme (bersama-sama dengan [[Yerusalem]], [[Tiberias]] dan [[Tzfat]]). Gua itu sendiri adalah tempat tersuci kedua dalam Yudaisme. Sepanjang sejarah di sini telah dibangun [[gereja]], [[sinagoge]] dan [[masjid]] (lihat "Sejarah," bawah). Aula Ishak kini menjadi [[Masjid Ibrahimi]], sementara Aula Abraham dan Aula Yakub berfungsi sebagai sinagoge Yahudi.


<!--== Sejarah==
<!--== Sejarah==
=== Ancient period ===
=== Ancient period ===
Hebron is one of the most ancient cities in the [[Middle East]], and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Hebron was an ancient [[Canaan|Canaanite]] royal city, which according to archaeological findings was probably founded in the [[35th century BC|35th century BCE]], and mentioned in the Bible as existing during the [[18th century BC|18th century BCE]].
Hebron is one of the most ancient cities in the [[Middle East]], and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Hebron was an ancient [[Canaan|Canaanite]] royal city, which according to archaeological findings was probably founded in the [[35th century BC|35th century BCE]], and mentioned in the Bible as existing during the [[18th century BC|18th century BCE]].


Hebron is mentioned as being formerly called [[Kiryat Arba|Kirjath-arba]], before being conquered by [[Joshua]] and the [[Israelites]] (Joshua 14). Hebron became one of the principal centers of the [[Tribe of Judah]], and the Judahite [[David]] was anointed King of [[Israel]] in Hebron and reigned in the city until the capture of [[Jerusalem]], when the capital of the [[Kingdom of Israel]] was moved to that city. Jar handle stamps bearing Hebrew letters dating from 700 BCE, the oldest known inscription naming the city, have been found in Hebron (see [[LMLK seal]]).
Hebron is mentioned as being formerly called [[Kiryat Arba|Kirjath-arba]], before being conquered by [[Joshua]] and the [[Israelites]] (Joshua 14). Hebron became one of the principal centers of the [[Tribe of Judah]], and the Judahite [[David]] was anointed King of [[Israel]] in Hebron and reigned in the city until the capture of [[Jerusalem]], when the capital of the [[Kingdom of Israel]] was moved to that city. Jar handle stamps bearing Hebrew letters dating from 700 BCE, the oldest known inscription naming the city, have been found in Hebron (see [[LMLK seal]]).


After the destruction of the [[First Temple]], most of the Jewish inhabitants of Hebron were exiled and their place was taken by [[Edomites]] at about [[587 BCE]]. [[Herod the Great]] built the wall which still surrounds the [[Cave of Machpelah]]. During the first war against the Romans, Hebron was conquered by [[Simon Bar Giora]], the leader of the [[Sicarii]]. Eventually it became part of the [[Byzantine Empire]]. The [[Byzantine Emperor]] [[Justinian I]] erected a Christian church over the Cave of Machpelah in the [[6th century|6th century CE]] which was later destroyed by the [[Sassanid]]s.
After the destruction of the [[First Temple]], most of the Jewish inhabitants of Hebron were exiled and their place was taken by [[Edomites]] at about [[587 BCE]]. [[Herod the Great]] built the wall which still surrounds the [[Cave of Machpelah]]. During the first war against the Romans, Hebron was conquered by [[Simon Bar Giora]], the leader of the [[Sicarii]]. Eventually it became part of the [[Byzantine Empire]]. The [[Byzantine Emperor]] [[Justinian I]] erected a Christian church over the Cave of Machpelah in the [[6th century|6th century CE]] which was later destroyed by the [[Sassanid]]s.
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=== Israeli rule ===
=== Israeli rule ===
After the [[Six Day War]], in June [[1967]], Hebron and the rest of the West Bank came under Israeli control (See [[Israeli-occupied territories]]).
After the [[Six Day War]], in June [[1967]], Hebron and the rest of the West Bank came under Israeli control (See [[Israeli-occupied territories]]).


In 1969, a group of Jewish settlers began to reside in the city, though a government compromise soon focused the Jewish presence to the east in the new [[Israeli settlement|settlement]] of [[Kiryat Arba]]. Beginning in 1979, Jewish settlers moved from Kiryat Arba to the old [[Avraham Avinu]] neighborhood, and later to other Hebron neighborhoods including [[Tel Rumeida]].
In 1969, a group of Jewish settlers began to reside in the city, though a government compromise soon focused the Jewish presence to the east in the new [[Israeli settlement|settlement]] of [[Kiryat Arba]]. Beginning in 1979, Jewish settlers moved from Kiryat Arba to the old [[Avraham Avinu]] neighborhood, and later to other Hebron neighborhoods including [[Tel Rumeida]].
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Funds from Arab nations earmarked for the reconstruction of homes in Hebron destroyed by Israeli bulldozers during the second intifada was reported to have reached PA leaders close to [[Yasser Arafat]] rather than the intended recipients.<ref>[http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=countries&Area=palestinian&ID=SP39002]</ref>
Funds from Arab nations earmarked for the reconstruction of homes in Hebron destroyed by Israeli bulldozers during the second intifada was reported to have reached PA leaders close to [[Yasser Arafat]] rather than the intended recipients.<ref>[http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=countries&Area=palestinian&ID=SP39002]</ref>


In [[1994]], an Israeli Jewish settler [[Baruch Goldstein]] opened fire on Muslims at prayer in the [[Mosque of Abraham massacre|Ibrahimi Mosque]], killing 29. This event was condemned by the Israeli Government and polled Israelis. Israel banned the right-wing [[Kach]] movement as a result.
In [[1994]], an Israeli Jewish settler [[Baruch Goldstein]] opened fire on Muslims at prayer in the [[Mosque of Abraham massacre|Ibrahimi Mosque]], killing 29. This event was condemned by the Israeli Government and polled Israelis. Israel banned the right-wing [[Kach]] movement as a result.


A year later, the Mayor of Hebron invited the Christian Peacemaker Teams to assist them the local Palestinian community in opposition to what they describe as Israeli military occupation, collective punishment, settler harassment, home demolitions and land confiscation.<ref>[http://www.cpt.org/publications/history.php CPT Presence in Hebron]</ref> They have maintained a presence in the community despite attacks against them, the most noted being in 2004 when two corps members, Kimberly Lamberty and Christopher Brown were attacked while walking Palestinian Children to school [http://www.sfcg.org/articles/westbank.pdf Washington Post account]. Accounts of the CPT presence can be found in Art Gish's "Hebron Journal."
A year later, the Mayor of Hebron invited the Christian Peacemaker Teams to assist them the local Palestinian community in opposition to what they describe as Israeli military occupation, collective punishment, settler harassment, home demolitions and land confiscation.<ref>[http://www.cpt.org/publications/history.php CPT Presence in Hebron]</ref> They have maintained a presence in the community despite attacks against them, the most noted being in 2004 when two corps members, Kimberly Lamberty and Christopher Brown were attacked while walking Palestinian Children to school [http://www.sfcg.org/articles/westbank.pdf Washington Post account]. Accounts of the CPT presence can be found in Art Gish's "Hebron Journal."
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The UN subsequently established an international unarmed observer force - the [[Temporary International Presence in Hebron]] (TIPH) to maintain a buffer between the Palestinian Arab population of the city and the Jews residing in their enclave in the old city. On February 8, [[2006]], TIPH temporarily left Hebron after attacks on their headquarters by some Palestinians angered by the [[Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy]].
The UN subsequently established an international unarmed observer force - the [[Temporary International Presence in Hebron]] (TIPH) to maintain a buffer between the Palestinian Arab population of the city and the Jews residing in their enclave in the old city. On February 8, [[2006]], TIPH temporarily left Hebron after attacks on their headquarters by some Palestinians angered by the [[Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy]].
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== Demografi ==
== Demografi ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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| 500
| 500
|
|
| <ref name=JVL>[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/hebron.html Jewish Virtual Library]</ref>
| <ref name=JVL>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/hebron.html |title=Jewish Virtual Library |access-date=2007-01-19 |archive-date=2016-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231183115/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/hebron.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|-
|-
!1838
!1838
Baris 143: Baris 146:
|700
|700
|
|
|<ref name="JVL"/>
|<ref name=JVL>[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/hebron.html Jewish Virtual Library]</ref>
|-
|-
!1930
!1930
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|0
|0
|
|
|<ref name="JVL"/>
|<ref name=JVL>[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/hebron.html Jewish Virtual Library]</ref>
|-
|-
! 1931
! 1931
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<!--
<!--
== Controversy: Jewish settlement after 1967 ==
== Controversy: Jewish settlement after 1967 ==
[[Berkas:HebronStar.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Star of David]] carved above entrance to a home in the old city of Hebron.<ref name=cpt1/> <ref name=cpt2/>]]
[[Berkas:HebronStar.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Star of David]] carved above entrance to a home in the old city of Hebron.<ref name=cpt1/><ref name=cpt2/>]]


Following the [[Six-Day War]] of [[1967]], a group of Jews disguised as tourists, led by [[Rabbi]] [[Moshe Levinger]], took over the main hotel in Hebron and refused to leave. They later moved to a nearby abandoned army camp and established the settlement of [[Kiryat Arba]]. In [[1979]], Levinger's wife led 30 Jewish women to take over the Daboya Hospital (Beit Hadassah) in central Hebron. Before long this received Israeli government approval and further Jewish enclaves in the city were established with army assistance. This process of expansion of the Jewish presence is continuing and there are now more than 20 Jewish settlements in and around the city.
Following the [[Six-Day War]] of [[1967]], a group of Jews disguised as tourists, led by [[Rabbi]] [[Moshe Levinger]], took over the main hotel in Hebron and refused to leave. They later moved to a nearby abandoned army camp and established the settlement of [[Kiryat Arba]]. In [[1979]], Levinger's wife led 30 Jewish women to take over the Daboya Hospital (Beit Hadassah) in central Hebron. Before long this received Israeli government approval and further Jewish enclaves in the city were established with army assistance. This process of expansion of the Jewish presence is continuing and there are now more than 20 Jewish settlements in and around the city.


Jews living in these settlements and their supporters claim that they are resettling areas where Jews have lived since time immemorial, for example citing the [[Star of David]] (see photo) carved in the keystone above some of the doorways in the old city.<ref name=cpt1> Christian Peacemaking Teams. [http://www.cpt.org/archives/2004/jul04/0032.html HEBRON UPDATE: July 11-16, 2004], 2004-7-26. Retrieved on 2006-11-13.</ref> <ref name=cpt2> Christian Peacemaking Teams. [http://www.cpt.org/archives/2004/sep04/0000.html HEBRON UPDATE: August 17-23, 2004], 2004-9-1. Retrieved on 2006-11-13.</ref> However, some reports, both foreign and Israeli are sharply critical of the settlers. <ref name=BG>The Boston Globe. [http://www.globalexchange.org/countries/palestine/293.html A top Israeli Says Settlers Incited Riot In Hebron] 2002-7-31. Retrieved on 2006-11-13. (was [http://www.boston.com/dailyglobe2/212/nation/A_top_Israeli_says_settlers_incited_riot_in_Hebron.shtml here])</ref> <ref name=sct>The Scotsman. "[http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/international.cfm?id=820752002 Settlers’ revenge leaves Hebron bleeding]", 2002-7-30. Retrieved on 2006-11-13.</ref>
Jews living in these settlements and their supporters claim that they are resettling areas where Jews have lived since time immemorial, for example citing the [[Star of David]] (see photo) carved in the keystone above some of the doorways in the old city.<ref name=cpt1> Christian Peacemaking Teams. [http://www.cpt.org/archives/2004/jul04/0032.html HEBRON UPDATE: July 11-16, 2004], 2004-7-26. Retrieved on 2006-11-13.</ref><ref name=cpt2> Christian Peacemaking Teams. [http://www.cpt.org/archives/2004/sep04/0000.html HEBRON UPDATE: August 17-23, 2004], 2004-9-1. Retrieved on 2006-11-13.</ref> However, some reports, both foreign and Israeli are sharply critical of the settlers.<ref name=BG>The Boston Globe. [http://www.globalexchange.org/countries/palestine/293.html A top Israeli Says Settlers Incited Riot In Hebron] 2002-7-31. Retrieved on 2006-11-13. (was [http://www.boston.com/dailyglobe2/212/nation/A_top_Israeli_says_settlers_incited_riot_in_Hebron.shtml here])</ref><ref name=sct>The Scotsman. "[http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/international.cfm?id=820752002 Settlers’ revenge leaves Hebron bleeding]", 2002-7-30. Retrieved on 2006-11-13.</ref>


The sentiments of Jews who fled the [[1929 Hebron massacre]] and their descendants are mixed. Some advocate the continued settlement of Hebron as a way to continue the Jewish heritage in the city, while others suggest that settlers should try to live in peace with the Arabs there, with some even recommending the complete pullout of all settlers in Hebron.<ref name=jpt>Jerusalem Post. "[http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?apage=1&cid=1145961357122&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull Field News 10/2/2002 Hebron Jews' offspring divided over city's fate]", 2006-05-16. Retrieved on 2006-07-28.</ref> Descendants supporting the latter views have even gone as far as to meet with Palestinian leaders in Hebron.<ref name=agf>Philadelphia Inquirer. "[http://www.angelfire.com/il/FourMothers/Yona.html Hebron descendants decry actions of current settlers They are kin of the Jews ousted in 1929]", 1997-03-03. Retrieved on 2006-07-28.</ref> The two most public examples of the descendants' views are the [[1997]] statement made by an association comprised of some descendants dissociating themselves from the then-current Jewish settlers in Hebron and calling them an obstacle to peace.<ref name=agf/>, and the [[May 15]], [[2006]] letter sent to the Israeli government by other descendants urging the government to continue its support of Jewish settlement in Hebron, in their names and urged it to allow the return of eight Jewish families evacuated last January from the homes they set up in empty shops near the Avraham Avinu neighborhood.<ref name=jpt/>
The sentiments of Jews who fled the [[1929 Hebron massacre]] and their descendants are mixed. Some advocate the continued settlement of Hebron as a way to continue the Jewish heritage in the city, while others suggest that settlers should try to live in peace with the Arabs there, with some even recommending the complete pullout of all settlers in Hebron.<ref name=jpt>Jerusalem Post. "[http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?apage=1&cid=1145961357122&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull Field News 10/2/2002 Hebron Jews' offspring divided over city's fate]", 2006-05-16. Retrieved on 2006-07-28.</ref> Descendants supporting the latter views have even gone as far as to meet with Palestinian leaders in Hebron.<ref name=agf>Philadelphia Inquirer. "[http://www.angelfire.com/il/FourMothers/Yona.html Hebron descendants decry actions of current settlers They are kin of the Jews ousted in 1929]", 1997-03-03. Retrieved on 2006-07-28.</ref> The two most public examples of the descendants' views are the [[1997]] statement made by an association comprised of some descendants dissociating themselves from the then-current Jewish settlers in Hebron and calling them an obstacle to peace.<ref name=agf/>, and the [[May 15]], [[2006]] letter sent to the Israeli government by other descendants urging the government to continue its support of Jewish settlement in Hebron, in their names and urged it to allow the return of eight Jewish families evacuated last January from the homes they set up in empty shops near the Avraham Avinu neighborhood.<ref name=jpt/>
Baris 207: Baris 210:
* [http://www.abas-zaki.org/ Abas Zaki, Politician].
* [http://www.abas-zaki.org/ Abas Zaki, Politician].
-->
-->
* [[Abraham]], leluhur bangsa Arab dan Israel yang pernah berdiam di sini
* [[Abraham]] atau [[Ibrahim]], leluhur bangsa Arab dan Israel yang pernah berdiam di sini
* Kaleb bin Yefune, pengintai negeri ini bersama Yosua (Hosea) bin Nun yang dijanjikan Tuhan untuk mendudukinya. Pada usia 85 tahun Yosua memberikan Hebron kepada Kaleb menjadi milik pusakanya. (Alkitab Yosua 14 : 6-15)
* [[Daud]], pernah menjadikan kota ini sebagai ibukota kerajaannya sebelum pindah ke [[Yerusalem]]
* [[Daud]], pernah menjadikan kota ini sebagai ibu kota kerajaannya sebelum pindah ke [[Yerusalem]]
* [[Abner bin Ner]], kepala tentara raja [[Saul]]. Setelah Saul mati berpihak kepada raja [[Daud]]. Ia dibunuh oleh [[Yoab]], panglima [[Daud]], dan makamnya ada di kota Hebron.
* [[Abner bin Ner]], kepala tentara raja [[Saul]]. Setelah Saul mati berpihak kepada raja [[Daud]]. Ia dibunuh oleh [[Yoab]], panglima [[Daud]], dan makamnya ada di kota Hebron.
* [[Abraham Azulai]] (c.[[1570]]-[[1643]]) [[rabbi]], pengarang dan komentator "Kabbalistic", dikuburkan di pemakaman kuno Yahudi di Hebron.
* [[Abraham Azulai]] (c.[[1570]]-[[1643]]) [[rabbi]], pengarang dan komentator "Kabbalistic", dikuburkan di pemakaman kuno Yahudi di Hebron.
* [[Malkiel Ashkenazi]], pemimpin "Sephardic Jewish Community of Hebron" di abad ke-16
* [[Malkiel Ashkenazi]], pemimpin "Sephardic Jewish Community of Hebron" pada abad ke-16
* [[Eliyahu di Vidas]], Kabalis Abad Pertengahan
* [[Eliyahu di Vidas]], Kabalis Abad Pertengahan
* [[Rabbi]] [[Haim Bajaio]], pembeli tanah di Hebron antara 1807-1811 [http://www.israelnationalnews.com/article.php3?id=5725]
* [[Rabbi]] [[Haim Bajaio]], pembeli tanah di Hebron antara 1807-1811 [http://www.israelnationalnews.com/article.php3?id=5725] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061112154048/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/article.php3?id=5725 |date=2006-11-12 }}
* [[Rabbi]] [[Chaim Hezekiah Medini]], rabbi kepala dari 1891-1904
* [[Rabbi]] [[Chaim Hezekiah Medini]], rabbi kepala dari 1891-1904
* Ben Zion Gershon, Rabbi Hanoch Hason, Rabbi Yosef Kastel dan Eliezer Dan Silonim dibunuh bersama kelaurga mereka pada [[Pembantaian Hebron 1929]]
* Ben Zion Gershon, Rabbi Hanoch Hason, Rabbi Yosef Kastel dan Eliezer Dan Silonim dibunuh bersama kelaurga mereka pada [[Pembantaian Hebron 1929]]
* [[Baruch Goldstein]], pembunuh massal
* [[Baruch Goldstein]], pembunuh massal
* [[Avraham Shmulevich]] ("Bead Artseinu"), aktivis, politikus
* [[Avraham Shmulevich]] ("Bead Artseinu"), aktivis, politikus
* [[Noam Federman]]
* [[Noam Federman]]
* [[David Wilder (jurubicara Hebron)|David Wilder]] - [http://www.freeman.org/m_online/wildera.htm Spokesman, Komunitas Yahudi Hebron]
* [[David Wilder (jurubicara Hebron)|David Wilder]] - [http://www.freeman.org/m_online/wildera.htm Spokesman, Komunitas Yahudi Hebron] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070119075917/http://www.freeman.org/m_online/wildera.htm |date=2007-01-19 }}
* Rabbi [[Moshe Levinger]], perintis Komunitas Yahudi kontemporer ([[yishuv]] yang baru).
* Rabbi [[Moshe Levinger]], perintis Komunitas Yahudi kontemporer ([[yishuv]] yang baru).
* Rabbi [[Dov Lior]], rabbi komunitas [[Kiryat Arba]]
* Rabbi [[Dov Lior]], rabbi komunitas [[Kiryat Arba]]
* [[Shalhevet Pass]], korban pembunuhan
* [[Shalhevet Pass]], korban pembunuhan

{{coord|31|32|00|N|35|05|42|E|format=dec|display=title}}


== Lihat pula ==
== Lihat pula ==
Baris 239: Baris 245:
== Pranala luar ==
== Pranala luar ==
{{commonscat|Hebron}}
{{commonscat|Hebron}}
* [http://www.hebron.com/english/ Jewish Website]
* [http://www.hebron.com/english/ Jewish Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901044340/http://www.hebron.com/english/ |date=2006-09-01 }}
* [http://www.telrumeidaproject.org Tel Rumeida Project]
* [http://www.telrumeidaproject.org Tel Rumeida Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129093612/http://www.telrumeidaproject.org/ |date=2023-01-29 }}
* [http://www.palsolidarity.org/category/hebron/ The International Solidarity Movement >> Hebron Region]
* [http://www.palsolidarity.org/category/hebron/ The International Solidarity Movement >> Hebron Region] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609143350/https://palsolidarity.org/category/hebron/ |date=2023-06-09 }}
* [http://www.machpela.com/english/ The Cave of Machpela]
* [http://www.machpela.com/english/ The Cave of Machpela] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610211439/http://www.machpela.com/english/ |date=2023-06-10 }}
* [http://www.atlastours.net/holyland/hebron.html Hebron (Al-Khalil), Holy Land]
* [http://www.atlastours.net/holyland/hebron.html Hebron (Al-Khalil), Holy Land] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219170306/http://www.atlastours.net/holyland/hebron.html |date=2020-02-19 }}
* [[Christian Peacemaker Teams]]' [http://www.cpt.org/gallery/view_album.php?set_albumName=hebron photos of Hebron]
* [[Christian Peacemaker Teams]]' [http://www.cpt.org/gallery/view_album.php?set_albumName=hebron photos of Hebron] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060801221819/http://www.cpt.org/gallery/view_album.php?set_albumName=hebron |date=2006-08-01 }}
* [http://www.pal-chambers.org/chambers/photogallery.html The City of Hebron from Hebron Chamber of Commerce.]
* [http://www.pal-chambers.org/chambers/photogallery.html The City of Hebron from Hebron Chamber of Commerce.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820191814/http://www.pal-chambers.org/chambers/photogallery.html |date=2008-08-20 }}
* [http://www.execulink.com/~wblank/hebron.htm Daily Bible study - Hebron]
* [http://www.execulink.com/~wblank/hebron.htm Daily Bible study - Hebron] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061011083641/http://www.execulink.com/~wblank/hebron.htm |date=2006-10-11 }}
* [http://www.lmlk.com/research/lmlk_hbrn.htm HBRN LMLK seals]
* [http://www.lmlk.com/research/lmlk_hbrn.htm HBRN LMLK seals] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404125630/http://www.lmlk.com/research/lmlk_hbrn.htm |date=2023-04-04 }}
* [http://www.hebron.org.il/history.htm History of Hebron from Encyclopedia Judaica]
* [http://www.hebron.org.il/history.htm History of Hebron from Encyclopedia Judaica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060419142128/http://www.hebron.org.il/history.htm |date=2006-04-19 }}
* [http://www.tiph.org/ The International Presence in Hebron]
* [http://www.tiph.org/ The International Presence in Hebron] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712081004/http://www.tiph.org/ |date=2023-07-12 }}
* [http://www.israel-mfa.gov.il/mfa/go.asp?MFAH00s30 Israel's Ministry of Foreign Affairs page on Hebron]
* [http://www.israel-mfa.gov.il/mfa/go.asp?MFAH00s30 Israel's Ministry of Foreign Affairs page on Hebron] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317222456/http://www.israel-mfa.gov.il/mfa/go.asp?MFAH00s30 |date=2013-03-17 }}
* [http://archnet.org/library/images/thumbnails.tcl?location_id=9861 Pictures from ArchNet digital library.]
* [http://archnet.org/library/images/thumbnails.tcl?location_id=9861 Pictures from ArchNet digital library.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211082956/http://archnet.org/library/images/thumbnails.tcl?location_id=9861 |date=2007-02-11 }}
* [http://www.btselem.org/English/ The Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories]
* [http://www.btselem.org/English/ The Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116111559/http://btselem.org/English/ |date=2009-01-16 }}
* [http://www.icshebron.org/English_site.htm Islamic Charitable Society].
* [http://www.icshebron.org/English_site.htm Islamic Charitable Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615031938/http://www.icshebron.org/English_site.htm |date=2006-06-15 }}.
* [http://www.antiwar.com/hacohen/?articleid=8404 Hebron for Beginners] by Dr. Ran HaCohen, [[Antiwar.com]], January 18, 2006
* [http://www.antiwar.com/hacohen/?articleid=8404 Hebron for Beginners] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312151958/http://www.antiwar.com/hacohen/?articleid=8404 |date=2017-03-12 }} by Dr. Ran HaCohen, [[Antiwar.com]], January 18, 2006
* [http://www.webjournal.unior.it ''An Architectural Survey of Raboud (South of Hebron)''] by Dr. Prof. Ibrahim Iqtait, in ''Web Journal on Cultural Patrimony'' (Fabio Maniscalco ed.), vol. 1, January-June, 2006
* [http://www.webjournal.unior.it ''An Architectural Survey of Raboud (South of Hebron)''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130223426/http://www.webjournal.unior.it/ |date=2016-01-30 }} by Dr. Prof. Ibrahim Iqtait, in ''Web Journal on Cultural Patrimony'' (Fabio Maniscalco ed.), vol. 1, January-June, 2006
* [http://naturalchildhood.blogspot.com/ film of clashes between Israeli soldiers and school children]
* [http://naturalchildhood.blogspot.com/ film of clashes between Israeli soldiers and school children] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315052138/http://naturalchildhood.blogspot.com/ |date=2022-03-15 }}
* [http://www.hebronrc.org The Hebron Rehabilitation Committee]
* [http://www.hebronrc.org The Hebron Rehabilitation Committee] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712211837/https://www.hebronrc.org/ |date=2023-07-12 }}
* [http://mideastoutpost.com/archives/000245.html Article of Prof. Erich Isaac 'On Jewish Hebron']
* [http://mideastoutpost.com/archives/000245.html Article of Prof. Erich Isaac 'On Jewish Hebron'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222232516/http://mideastoutpost.com/archives/000245.html |date=2006-12-22 }}
* [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/Hebron.html Hebron from Jewish Virtual Library]
* [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/Hebron.html Hebron from Jewish Virtual Library] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161205193953/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/Hebron.html |date=2016-12-05 }}
* [http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-lerner011602.shtml Hebron Surprise The physical reality of a mythical city By Barbara Lerner.]
* [http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-lerner011602.shtml Hebron Surprise The physical reality of a mythical city By Barbara Lerner.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517085328/http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-lerner011602.shtml |date=2008-05-17 }}


[[Kategori:Wilayah yang dipertentangkan]]
[[Kategori:Wilayah yang dipertentangkan]]
Baris 268: Baris 274:
[[Kategori:Tempat di Alkitab]]
[[Kategori:Tempat di Alkitab]]
[[Kategori:Kanaan]]
[[Kategori:Kanaan]]
[[Kategori:Kota di Palestina]]
[[Kategori:Kota di Tepi Barat]]
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[[Kategori:Tepi Barat]]
[[Kategori:Penerima Penghargaan Aga Khan untuk Arsitektur]]
[[Kategori:Penerima Penghargaan Aga Khan untuk Arsitektur]]
⚫
[[Kategori:Islam di Israel]]
{{Link FA|ar}}
[[Kategori:Yahudi dan Yudaisme di Israel]]

[[ar:الخليل]]
[[be:Горад Хеўрон]]
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[[he:חברון]]
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[[kk:Әл-Халил]]
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[[uk:Хеврон]]
[[yi:חברון]]
[[zh:希伯仑]]

Revisi terkini sejak 17 Agustus 2023 15.31

Untuk nama orang, lihat Hebron bin Kehat.
Hebron
Palestinian
Kota
Pusat Kota Hebron
Pusat Kota Hebron
Lambang resmi Hebron
Lambang
Negara Palestina
KegubernuranKegubernuran Hebron
Pemerintahan
 • WalikotaTayseer Abu Sneineh
Luas
 • Total74,102 km2 (28,611 sq mi)
Populasi
 • Total163.146
Situs webwww.hebron-city.ps

Hebron (bahasa Arab الخليلⓘ al-Ḫalīl atau al Khalīl bahasa Ibrani חֶבְרוֹןⓘ, Ibrani Standar Ḥevron, Ibrani Tiberias Ḥeḇrôn) adalah sebuah kota di wilayah Yudea selatan di Tepi Barat. Di kota ini tinggal sekitar 120.000 orang Palestina dan 600 orang pemukim Israel,[2] dengan sekitar 7.000 orang Yahudi tinggal di kota Kiryat Arba di dekatnya. Hebron terletak 930 m di atas permukaan laut.

Pasar yang ditinggalkan di Kota Tua.

Nama "Hebron" berasal dari nama bahasa Ibrani untuk kota ini, yang aslinya berasal dari kata חבר (habar 598), yang artinya "dipersatukan, digabungkan, dipertautkan." Nama "Hebron" dapat ditelusuri ke akarnya yang sama dengan "Heber."[3]

Dalam bahasa Arab, "إبراهيم الخليل" berarti "Ibrahim, sang sahabat," yang menunjukkan bahwa, menurut ajaran Islam yang asli, Allah memilih Nabi Ibrahim sebagai hamba-Nya yang terpilih.[4]

Hebron terletak 30 km di selatan Yerusalem. Kota ini terkenal karena anggur, batu kapur, bengkel-bengkel keramik dan pabrik gelas tiup. Hebron juga merupakan lokasi pabrik produk susu yang besar, Al-Juneidi. Kota lama Hebron dicirikan oleh jalan-jalannya yang sempit dan berbelok-belok, rumah-rumah batu beratap datar, dan pasar-pasar (bazaar) lamanya. Di kota ini juga terdapat Universitas Hebron dan Universitas Politeknik Palestina Diarsipkan 2007-03-23 di Wayback Machine..

Tentara-tentara Israel di Hebron, 2004

Situs bersejarah paling terkenal di Hebron terletak di Makam para Leluhur atau Gua Makhpela (bahasa Ibrani: מערת המכפלה‎, atau Me'arat ha-Machpelah; bahasa Arab: الحرم الإبراهيمي, atau al-Haram al-Ibrahimi, "tempat suci Abraham"). Situs ini suci bagi ketiga agama Abrahamik: Yudaisme, Kristen, dan Islam. Menurut Kitab Kejadian, Abraham membeli gua itu dan tanah di sekelilingnya untuk menguburkan istrinya Sarah. Orang Yahudi percaya bahwa Abraham, Sarah, Ishak, Ribka, Yakub dan Lea dimakamkan di gua ini (leluhur yang lainnya, Rahel, dimakamkan di tempat lain, Betlehem). Karena alasan ini, orang Yahudi juga menyebut kota ini "Kota para Leluhur," dan merupakan salah satu dari empat kota paling suci dalam Yudaisme (bersama-sama dengan Yerusalem, Tiberias dan Tzfat). Gua itu sendiri adalah tempat tersuci kedua dalam Yudaisme. Sepanjang sejarah di sini telah dibangun gereja, sinagoge dan masjid (lihat "Sejarah," bawah). Aula Ishak kini menjadi Masjid Ibrahimi, sementara Aula Abraham dan Aula Yakub berfungsi sebagai sinagoge Yahudi.


Demografi

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Tahun Muslim Kristen Yahudi Total Catatan
1538 749 r 7 r 20 r 776 r (r = rumah tangga) Sumber: Cohen & Lewis
1817 500 [5]
1838 700 [5]
1837 423 Montefiore census
1866 497 Montefiore census
1922 16,074 73 430 16,577 British Mandate Census
1929 700 [5]
1930 0 [5]
1931 17,275 112 135 17,522 British Mandate Census
1944 24,400 150 0 24,550 Perkiraan
1967 38,203 106 0 38,309 Census
1997 130,000 3 530 130,533 [5]

Data setelah tahun 1967 tidak memasukkan komunitas Yahudi di Kiryat Arba, yang bertetangga dengan Hebron tetapi tidak termasuk menjadi bagiannya, dan yang dihuni oleh 6500 penduduk Yahudi.

Tokoh terkemuka yang berhubungan dengan Hebron

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31°32′00″N 35°05′42″E / 31.53333°N 35.09500°E / 31.53333; 35.09500

Lihat pula

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Referensi

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  1. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama PCBS
  2. ^ "Two Israeli troops shot in Hebron Diarsipkan 2022-05-13 di Wayback Machine." - BBC, 3 Juli 2005
  3. ^ Hebron Diarsipkan 2008-04-29 di Wayback Machine. - Abarim Publications
  4. ^ Qur'an—4:125 وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ دِينًا مِّمَّنْ أَسْلَمَ وَجْهَهُ لله وَهُوَ مُحْسِنٌ واتَّبَعَ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَنِيفًا وَاتَّخَذَ اللّهُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ خَلِيلاً
  5. ^ a b c d e "Jewish Virtual Library". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-12-31. Diakses tanggal 2007-01-19. 

Pranala luar

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Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Hebron.
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=Hebron&oldid=24030499"