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|species = '''''H. numata'''''
|species = '''''H. numata'''''
| binomial = ''Heliconius numata''
| binomial = ''Heliconius numata''
| binomial_authority = ([[Pieter Cramer|Cramer]], 1780)<ref name=tol>{{cite web|title=Heliconius numata (Cramer 1780)|url=http://www.tolweb.org/Heliconius_numata/|publisher=Tree of Life|accessdate=17 August 2011}}</ref>
| binomial_authority = ([[Pieter Cramer|Cramer]], 1780)<ref name=tol>{{cite web|title=Heliconius numata (Cramer 1780)|url=http://www.tolweb.org/Heliconius_numata/|publisher=Tree of Life|accessdate=17 August 2011|archive-date=2022-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008113044/http://www.tolweb.org/Heliconius_numata|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| synonyms =
| synonyms =
*''Papilio numata'' <small>Cramer, [1780]</small>
*''Papilio numata'' <small>Cramer, [1780]</small>
Baris 97: Baris 97:
| subdivision = many, see [[#Subspecies|text]]
| subdivision = many, see [[#Subspecies|text]]
}}
}}
'''''Heliconius numata''''' adalah spesies kupu-kupu asli Amerika Selatan yang dikenal karena [[mimikri]] kupu-kupu [[Ithomiini|Melinaeanya]].<ref name=supergene>{{cite news|last=Wade|first=Nicholas|title=A Supergene Paints Wings for Surviving Biological War|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/16/science/16butterfly.html|accessdate=17 August 2011|newspaper=NY Times|date=15 August 2011}}</ref> Baik ''H. numata'' dan spesies Melinaea yang ditiru sama-sama tidak enak bagi predator, sehingga menjadi contoh [[mimikri Müllerian]].<ref name=mutualism>{{cite web|title=Tiger-patterned ''Heliconius numata'' and Melinaea mimicry rings in NE Peru|url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/taxome/jim/Mim/num.html|publisher=University College London|accessdate=19 August 2011}}</ref>
'''''Heliconius numata''''' adalah spesies kupu-kupu asli Amerika Selatan yang dikenal karena [[mimikri]] kupu-kupu [[Ithomiini|Melinaeanya]].<ref name=supergene>{{cite news|last=Wade|first=Nicholas|title=A Supergene Paints Wings for Surviving Biological War|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/16/science/16butterfly.html|accessdate=17 August 2011|newspaper=NY Times|date=15 August 2011|archive-date=2022-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617071700/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/16/science/16butterfly.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> Baik ''H. numata'' dan spesies Melinaea yang ditiru sama-sama tidak enak bagi predator, sehingga menjadi contoh [[mimikri Müllerian]].<ref name=mutualism>{{cite web|title=Tiger-patterned ''Heliconius numata'' and Melinaea mimicry rings in NE Peru|url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/taxome/jim/Mim/num.html|publisher=University College London|accessdate=19 August 2011|archive-date=2021-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028031412/https://www.ucl.ac.uk/taxome/jim/Mim/num.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>


== Deskripsi ==
== Deskripsi ==
Baris 103: Baris 103:


== Subspesies ==
== Subspesies ==
* ''Heliconius numata numata'' (Surinam, Guyana Perancis, Guyana)
* ''Heliconius numata numata'' (Surinam, Guyana Prancis, Guyana)
* ''Heliconius numata silvana'' <small> (Stoll, 1781)</small> (Surinam, Guyana, Venezuela, Guatemala, Brasil: Pará, Amazonas)
* ''Heliconius numata silvana'' <small> (Stoll, 1781)</small> (Surinam, Guyana, Venezuela, Guatemala, Brasil: Pará, Amazonas)
* ''Heliconius numata ethra'' <small> (Hübner, [1831])</small> (Brasil: Espírito Santo)
* ''Heliconius numata ethra'' <small> (Hübner, [1831])</small> (Brasil: Espírito Santo)
Baris 135: Baris 135:
{{commonscat}}
{{commonscat}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3024578}}


[[Kategori:Heliconius]]
[[Kategori:Heliconius]]

Revisi terkini sejak 17 Agustus 2023 21.38

Heliconius numata
Heliconius numata
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan:
Animalia
Filum:
Arthropoda
Kelas:
Insecta
Ordo:
Lepidoptera
Divisi:
Rhopalocera
Famili:
Nymphalidae
Subfamili:
Heliconiinae
Genus:
Heliconius
Spesies:
H. numata
Nama binomial
Heliconius numata
(Cramer, 1780)[1]
Subspecies

many, see text

Sinonim
  • Papilio numata Cramer, [1780]
  • Eueides pione Hübner, 1816
  • Heliconius numata var. melanops Weymer, 1894
  • Heliconius numata var. guiensis Riffarth, 1900
  • Heliconius numata isabellinus f. intermedia Boullet & Le Cerf, 1909
  • Heliconius numata f. melanopors Joicey & Kaye, 1917
  • Papilio silvana Stoll, [1781]
  • Heliconius diffusus Butler, 1873
  • Heliconius silvana var. divisus Kaye, 1906
  • Heliconius numata silvaniformis Joicey & Kaye, 1917
  • Heliconius silvana atakama Neustetter, 1931
  • Heliconius dryalus Hopffer, 1869
  • Heliconius ethra ab. brasiliensis Neustetter, 1907
  • Heliconius ethra var. hopfferi Neustetter, 1907
  • Heliconia aristiona Hewitson, [1853]
  • Heliconius aristiona var. peruana Hopffer, 1879
  • Heliconius aristiona var. splendidus Weymer, 1894
  • Heliconius aurora Bates, 1862
  • Heliconius numata var. isabellinus Bates, 1862
  • Heliconius eupharius Weymer, 1890
  • Heliconius gordius Weymer, 1894
  • Heliconius floridus Weymer, 1894
  • Heliconius seraphion Weymer, 1894
  • Heliconius gradatus Weymer, 1894
  • Heliconius aristiona aurora f. michaeli Neustetter, 1931
  • Heliconius aristiona aurora f. deflavata Neustetter, 1932
  • Heliconius aristiona idalion f. excelsa Neustetter, 1932
  • Heliconius euphone C. & R. Felder, 1862
  • Heliconius idalion Weymer, 1894
  • Heliconius tleson Riffarth, 1901
  • Heliconius aganippe Riffarth, 1901
  • Heliconius aristiona lepidus Riffarth, 1907
  • Heliconius idalion f. confluens Neustetter, 1912
  • Heliconius euphone ab. nephele Seitz, 1916
  • Heliconius euphone ab. confluxus Seitz, 1916
  • Heliconius aristiona euphorbius Stichel, 1923
  • Heliconius mixta Apolinar, 1927
  • Heliconius numatus laura Neustetter, 1932
  • Heliconius messene C. & R. Felder, 1862
  • Heliconius sikinos Riffarth, 1901
  • Heliconius aristiona messene f. juncta Neustetter, 1925
  • Heliconius aristiona colombiana Apolinar, 1927
  • Heliconius aristiona messene f. euphrasinus Neustetter, 1928
  • Heliconius bicoloratus Butler, 1873
  • Heliconius bicoloratus var. phalaris Weymer, 1894
  • Heliconia arcuella Druce, 1874
  • Heliconius elegans Weymer, 1894
  • Heliconius numatus praelautus Stichel, 1906
  • Heliconius nubifer Butler, 1875
  • Heliconius superioris Butler, 1875
  • Heliconius numata var. maecenas Weymer, 1894
  • Heliconius numatus sincerus Riffarh, 1907
  • Heliconia numilia Herrich-Schäffer, 1865
  • Heliconius aulicus Weymer, 1883
  • Heliconius lenaeus Weymer, 1891
  • Heliconius colepta Riffarth, 1901
  • Heliconius lyrcaeus Weymer, 1891
  • Heliconius timaeus Weymer, 1894
  • Heliconius geminatus Weymer, 1894
  • Heliconius mirus var. illustris Weymer, 1894
  • Heliconius silvana mirificus Stichel, 1906
  • Heliconius novatus subnutilus Stichel, 1906
  • Heliconius superioris var. mavors Weymer, 1894
  • Heliconius numata superioris ab. translata Joicey & Kaye, 1917
  • Heliconius mirus Weymer, 1894
  • Heliconius leopardus Weymer, 1894
  • Heliconius spadicarius Weeks, 1901
  • Heliconius arethusa Riffarth, 1901
  • Helicons novatus obscurior Stichel, 1906
  • Heliconius novatus artemis Riffarth, 1907
  • Heliconius insolitus Avinoff, 1926
  • Heliconius novatus f. confluens Neustetter, 1931
  • Heliconius aristiona tarapotensis Riffarth, 1901
  • Heliconius staudingeri Weymer, 1894
  • Heliconius staudingeri var. pretiosus Weymer, 1894
  • Heliconius aristiona lepidus f. gracilis Riffarth, 1907
  • Heliconius aristiona timaeus f. aristeus Neustetter, 1931
  • Heliconius aristiona staudingeri f. lutea Neustetter, 1931

Heliconius numata adalah spesies kupu-kupu asli Amerika Selatan yang dikenal karena mimikri kupu-kupu Melinaeanya.[2] Baik H. numata dan spesies Melinaea yang ditiru sama-sama tidak enak bagi predator, sehingga menjadi contoh mimikri Müllerian.[3]

Deskripsi[sunting | sunting sumber]

H. numatus adalah spesies neotropis yang lebih banyak ditemui di hutan sekunder daripada hutan primer. Spesies jantan dan betina sama-sama tertarik dengan bunga merah atau jingga, atau pakaian berwarna merah atau jingga. Telur dan larva dapat ditemui di jalaran tumbuhan Passiflora.[4]

Subspesies[sunting | sunting sumber]

  • Heliconius numata numata (Surinam, Guyana Prancis, Guyana)
  • Heliconius numata silvana (Stoll, 1781) (Surinam, Guyana, Venezuela, Guatemala, Brasil: Pará, Amazonas)
  • Heliconius numata ethra (Hübner, [1831]) (Brasil: Espírito Santo)
  • Heliconius numata aristiona Hewitson, [1853] (Bolivia, Peru)
  • Heliconius numata aurora Bates, 1862 (Brasil: Amazonas, Kolombia, Bolivia, Peru)
  • Heliconius numata euphone C. & R. Felder, 1862 (Kolombia, Ekuador)
  • Heliconius numata messene C. & R. Felder, 1862 (Kolombia)
  • Heliconius numata bicoloratus Butler, 1873 (Peru)
  • Heliconius numata arcuella Druce, 1874 (Peru)
  • Heliconius numata nubifer Butler, 1875 (Brasil: Amazonas)
  • Heliconius numata superioris Butler, 1875 (Brasil: Amazonas, Pará, Venezuela)
  • Heliconius numata robigus Weymer, 1875 (Venezuela)
  • Heliconius numata aulicus Weymer, 1883 (Venezuela)
  • Heliconius numata lenaeus Weymer, 1891 (Ekuador)
  • Heliconius numata lyrcaeus Weymer, 1891 (Peru)
  • Heliconius numata geminatus Weymer, 1894 (Brasil: Amazonas)
  • Heliconius numata illustris Weymer, 1894(Peru)
  • Heliconius numata mavors Weymer, 1894 (Brasil: Amazonas)
  • Heliconius numata mirus Weymer, 1894 (Bolivia)
  • Heliconius numata tarapotensis Riffarth, 1901 (Peru)
  • Heliconius numata zobrysi Fruhstorfer, 1910 (Brasil: Mato Grosso)
  • Heliconius numata ignotus Joicey & Kaye, 1917 (Peru)
  • Heliconius numata talboti Joicey & Kaye, 1917 (Peru)
  • Heliconius numata pratti Joicey & Kaye, 1917 (Peru)
  • Heliconius numata peeblesi Joicey & Talbot, 1925 (Venezuela)
  • Heliconius numata jiparanaensis Neustetter, 1931 (Brasil: Rondônia)
  • Heliconius numata holzingeri Fernández & Brown, 1976 (Venezuela)
  • Heliconius numata sourensis Brown, 1976 (Brasil: Pará)

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Heliconius numata.
  1. ^ "Heliconius numata (Cramer 1780)". Tree of Life. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2022-10-08. Diakses tanggal 17 August 2011. 
  2. ^ Wade, Nicholas (15 August 2011). "A Supergene Paints Wings for Surviving Biological War". NY Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2022-06-17. Diakses tanggal 17 August 2011. 
  3. ^ "Tiger-patterned Heliconius numata and Melinaea mimicry rings in NE Peru". University College London. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-10-28. Diakses tanggal 19 August 2011. 
  4. ^ Brown, Keith S. (1974). "Adaptive polymorphism associated with multiple Müllerian mimicry in Heliconius numata (Lepid. Nymph.)". Biotropica. 6 (4). JSTOR 2989666. 
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