Raphael Lemkin: Perbedaan antara revisi
←Membuat halaman berisi '{{Infobox person |name =Raphael Lemkin |image = |image_size = |caption = | native_name = Rafał Lemkin |birth_date ={{birth date|1900|06|24...' |
Wagino Bot (bicara | kontrib) |
||
(12 revisi perantara oleh 9 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1: | Baris 1: | ||
{{Infobox person |
{{Infobox person |
||
|name =Raphael Lemkin |
|name =Raphael Lemkin |
||
|image = |
|image =Raphael Lemkin, Photograph 6.jpg |
||
|image_size = |
|image_size = |
||
|caption = |
|caption = |
||
Baris 13: | Baris 13: | ||
|nationality = Polandia |
|nationality = Polandia |
||
}} |
}} |
||
'''Raphael Lemkin''' (24 Juni 1900 – 28 Agustus 1959) adalah seorang pengacara berketurunan [[Polandia]]-[[Yahudi]] yang |
'''Raphael Lemkin''', {{lang-pl|Rafał Lemkin}} (24 Juni 1900 – 28 Agustus 1959) adalah seorang pengacara berketurunan [[Polandia]]-[[Yahudi]] yang dikenal sebagai pencetus istilah ''[[genosida]]''. Ia mencetuskan istilah ini pada tahun 1943 atau 1944 dari kata ''[[genos]]'' (dalam [[bahasa Yunani]] berarti keluarga, suku, atau ras) dan ''-caedere'' (dalam bahasa [[Latin]] berarti pembunuhan).{{sfn|Ishay|2008}}{{sfn|Jenkins|2008|p=140}}<ref name="cnn">{{Citation |last=Hyde |first=Jennifer |title=Polish Jew gave his life defining, fighting genocide |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/11/13/sbm.lemkin.profile/index.html |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=2008-12-02 |accessdate=2008-12-02}}</ref><ref name="USHMMWhatis?">{{cite web|url=https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007043|title=What is Genocide?|work=Holocaust Encyclopedia|publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum,|quote=In 1944, Polish Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin coined the term "genocide" in a book documenting Nazi policies of systematically destroying national and ethnic groups, including the mass murder of European Jews|accessdate=7 February 2017}}</ref> Selain itu, ia juga merupakan perumus [[Konvensi Genosida]]. Ia menyajikan rumusan tersebut di hadapan beberapa negara dalam upaya untuk meyakinkan mereka agar mereka mau mensponsori resolusi tersebut. Dengan dukungan dari [[Amerika Serikat]], resolusi ini ditunjukkan di hadapan [[Majelis Umum Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] untuk dipertimbangkan. Konvensi Genosida pun pada akhirnya ditetapkan oleh majelis pada tanggal 9 Desember 1948.<ref name=cisn>{{cite journal |last=Winter |first=Jay |authorlink= |title=Citation The Genesis Of Genocide |journal=MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History |volume=29 |issue=3 |page= 19 |publisher=History.Net |location=Vienna, Virginia |year=2017 }}</ref> |
||
== Kematian == |
== Kematian == |
||
Baris 21: | Baris 21: | ||
{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
||
== Daftar pustaka == |
|||
⚫ | |||
* {{Citation |last=Ishay |first=Micheline R. |title=The History of Human Rights: From Ancient Times to the Globalization Era |publisher=Berkeley (CA): University of California Press |year=2008|ref=harv}} |
|||
* {{cite book|last=Jenkins |first=Bruce |year=2008 |title=The Lost History of Christianity: The Thousand-Year Golden Age of the Church in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia—and How It Died |url=https://archive.org/details/losthistoryofchr00jenk |location=New York |publisher=HarperOne |isbn=978-0-06-147280-0 |ref=harv}} |
|||
* {{Citation |first=Marek |last=Kornat |contribution=Rafal Lemkin's Formative Years and the Beginning of International Career in Inter-war Poland (1918-1939) |title=Rafał Lemkin: a Hero of Humankind |year=2010 |isbn=978-83-89607-85-0 |editor-first=Praca |editor-last=Zbiorowa |ref=harv |publisher=Polski Instytut Spraw Miedzynarodowych}} |
|||
* {{cite book |last=Power |first=Samantha | authorlink =Samantha Power|title=A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide |url=https://archive.org/details/problemfromhella00powe_0 |publisher=Basic Books |year=2002 |isbn=0-465-06150-8 |ref=harv}} |
|||
* {{cite book | title=The Origins of Genocide: Raphael Lemkin as a Historian of Mass Violence |first=Dominik |last=Schaller |first2=Jürgen |last2=Zimmerer|location=London |publisher=Routledge |year=2009 |ref=harv |isbn=9780415480260}} |
|||
* {{cite journal |last=Szawłowski |first=Ryszard |title=Diplomatic File: Raphael Lemkin (1900–1959) – The Polish Lawyer Who Created the Concept of ‘Genocide’ |journal=Polish Quarterly of International Affairs |issue=2 |year=2005 |pages=98–133 |ref=harv}} |
|||
[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1900]] |
[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1900]] |
||
[[Kategori:Kematian 1959]] |
[[Kategori:Kematian 1959]] |
||
[[Kategori:Genosida]] |
[[Kategori:Genosida]] |
||
[[Kategori:Yahudi |
[[Kategori:Yahudi-Polandia]] |
||
⚫ |
Revisi terkini sejak 27 Agustus 2023 06.22
Raphael Lemkin | |
---|---|
Nama asal | Rafał Lemkin |
Lahir | Bezwodne, Volkovysk, Kegubernuran Grodno, Kekaisaran Rusia (kini Belarus) | 24 Juni 1900
Meninggal | 28 Agustus 1959 New York City, New York, A.S. | (umur 59)
Kebangsaan | Polandia |
Pekerjaan | Pengacara |
Dikenal atas | Pencetus istilah genosida dan perumus Konvensi tentang Pencegahan dan Penghukuman Kejahatan Genosida |
Raphael Lemkin, bahasa Polandia: Rafał Lemkin (24 Juni 1900 – 28 Agustus 1959) adalah seorang pengacara berketurunan Polandia-Yahudi yang dikenal sebagai pencetus istilah genosida. Ia mencetuskan istilah ini pada tahun 1943 atau 1944 dari kata genos (dalam bahasa Yunani berarti keluarga, suku, atau ras) dan -caedere (dalam bahasa Latin berarti pembunuhan).[1][2][3][4] Selain itu, ia juga merupakan perumus Konvensi Genosida. Ia menyajikan rumusan tersebut di hadapan beberapa negara dalam upaya untuk meyakinkan mereka agar mereka mau mensponsori resolusi tersebut. Dengan dukungan dari Amerika Serikat, resolusi ini ditunjukkan di hadapan Majelis Umum Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa untuk dipertimbangkan. Konvensi Genosida pun pada akhirnya ditetapkan oleh majelis pada tanggal 9 Desember 1948.[5]
Kematian
[sunting | sunting sumber]Lemkin meninggal akibat serangan jantung di New York City pada tahun 1959. Jenazahnya disemayamkan di Kuburan Mount Hebron, Flushing, Queens, New York.[6]
Catatan kaki
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Ishay 2008.
- ^ Jenkins 2008, hlm. 140.
- ^ Hyde, Jennifer (2008-12-02), Polish Jew gave his life defining, fighting genocide, CNN, diakses tanggal 2008-12-02
- ^ "What is Genocide?". Holocaust Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum,. Diakses tanggal 7 February 2017.
In 1944, Polish Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin coined the term "genocide" in a book documenting Nazi policies of systematically destroying national and ethnic groups, including the mass murder of European Jews
- ^ Winter, Jay (2017). "Citation The Genesis Of Genocide". MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History. Vienna, Virginia: History.Net. 29 (3): 19.
- ^ "Dr Raphael Lemkin (1900 - 1959) - Find A Grave Memorial". Diakses tanggal 30 April 2017.
Daftar pustaka
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Ishay, Micheline R. (2008), The History of Human Rights: From Ancient Times to the Globalization Era, Berkeley (CA): University of California Press
- Jenkins, Bruce (2008). The Lost History of Christianity: The Thousand-Year Golden Age of the Church in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia—and How It Died. New York: HarperOne. ISBN 978-0-06-147280-0.
- Kornat, Marek (2010), "Rafal Lemkin's Formative Years and the Beginning of International Career in Inter-war Poland (1918-1939)", dalam Zbiorowa, Praca, Rafał Lemkin: a Hero of Humankind, Polski Instytut Spraw Miedzynarodowych, ISBN 978-83-89607-85-0
- Power, Samantha (2002). A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide. Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-06150-8.
- Schaller, Dominik; Zimmerer, Jürgen (2009). The Origins of Genocide: Raphael Lemkin as a Historian of Mass Violence. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780415480260.
- Szawłowski, Ryszard (2005). "Diplomatic File: Raphael Lemkin (1900–1959) – The Polish Lawyer Who Created the Concept of 'Genocide'". Polish Quarterly of International Affairs (2): 98–133.