Pertempuran Mosul (2016–2017): Perbedaan antara revisi

Pertempuran Mosul (2016)
	Bagian dari Perang Saudara Irak dan; Intervensi AS di Irak
Tanggal	16 Oktober 2016 – 10 Juli 2017; (7 tahun, 10 bulan dan 1 hari)
Lokasi	Irak Barat daya Kegubernuran Arbil; Kegubernuran Ninawa;
Hasil	Kemenangan besar koalisi anti-ISIS
Perubahan; wilayah	Pada tanggal 31 Oktober, ISF dan Peshmerga telah merebut 1400 km² (540 mil²) dan 123 permukiman dari NIIS.
Pihak terlibat
Irak; Kurdistan Irak; Didukung oleh: CJTF–OIR Amerika Serikat ; Inggris ; Prancis ; Kanada ; Australia ; Denmark ; Jerman ; Turki ; Iran; Hezbollah	Negara Islam Irak dan Syam (NIIS)
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Haidar al-Abadi; (Perdana Menteri Irak); Mayjend. Najim Abdullah al-Jubouri; (Komandan ISF Operasi Ninawa); Letjend. Talib Shaghati al-Kenan; (Direktur ICTS, Komandan Operasi Komando Pasukan Militer Gabungan); Mayjend. Fadhil Jalil al-Barwari; (Komandan ISOF); Mayjend. Maan as-Saadi; (Komandan Brigade ke-2 ISOF); Mayjend. Thamer al-Husseini; (Komandan unit cepat tanggap Polisi Irak); Massoud Barzani; (Presiden Kurdistan Irak); Omer Huseyin; (Komandan Peshmerga); Sabri Kawli †; (Brigadir Jenderal); Peshmerga Leo; (Komandan Peshmerga); Sardar Saleh †; (Komandan Lapangan Peshmerga); Hamed Birmoza †; (Komandan Lapangan Peshmerga); Sait Çürükkaya †; (Komandan Lapangan Peshmerga); Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis; (Kepala Pasukan Mobilisasi Umum); Hadi Al-Amiri; (Kepala Organisasi Badar); Abu Azrael; (Komandan Kata'ib al-Imam Ali); Muhammad Jassim al-Bayati †; (Komandan Lapangan Quwwat Sahl Ninawa); Letjend. Stephen J. Townsend; (KomandanCJTF-OIR); Mayjend. Gary J. Volesky; (Komandan Komponen Darat CJTF); Muhammad Kawarithmi; (Komandan Hezbollah untuk operasi Iraq)	Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi; (Pemimpin NIIS); Aziz Ali †; (Komandan senior); Aymam al-Mosuli †; (Komandan pasukan keamanan khusus); Abu Faruq †; (Komandan Bashiqa); Abu Yakoub †; (Operasi resmi) ; Abu Hamza al-Ansari †; (Pemimpin senior); Abu Maryam † ; (Komandan Senior untuk Baghdad dan Wilayah Diyala); Mahmoud Shukri al-Nuaimi † ; ("Syaikh Faris"; komandan senior)
Pasukan
Iraq:; Pasukan Keamanan Irak Angkatan Bersenjata Irak Angkatan Darat Divisi ke-1; Divisi Angkatan Darat ke-9; Divisi ke-15; Divisi ke-16; ; Angkatan Udara; ; Counter-Terrorism Service ISOF Brigade Operasi Khusus Ke-1 ("Divisi Emas"); Brigade Operasi Khusus Ke-2; ; ; Polisi Federal; Angkatan Mobilisasi Umum Organisasi Badar; Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq; Tentara Mahdi; Kata'ib Hezbollah; Saraya Ashura; Saraya Khorasani; Kata'ib al-Imam Ali; Berkas:Nujabaimage.jpg Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba; Brigade Turkmen Brigade ke-16th Brigade; Brigade ke-52; Brigadr ke-92; Brigade Imam Husain; ; Quwwat Sahl Ninawa; Unit Perlindungan Dataran Ninawa Tentara Daratan Ninawa; ; Kurdistan Irak:; Peshmerga; Perlawanan Sinjar (YBŞ)	Militer NIIS Wilayah al-Jazeera; Kekhalifahan Baru;
Kekuatan
54.000–60.000 pasukan ISF; 14.000 pasukan militer ; 40.000 pasukan Peshmerga; Support:; Ratusan personel CJTF–OIR ; 500–2.000 pasukan	4.000–9.000 militan (1.000 asing)
Korban
83 terbunuh, 255 terluka; 30 terbunuh, 70–100 terluka; 1 terbunuh; Tentara Naqsyabandiyah: 30 ditangkap 800+ terbunuh atau terluka, 144 kendaraan tentara hancur, 1 UAV dijatuhkan; (klaim NIIS)	1.365–2.000 terbunuh; (klaim AS and Iraq)
	1.177 orang dieksekusi (214 mantan perwira ISF). ; 42.000 orang diungsikan

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif

← Revisi sebelumnya

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan

VisualTeks wiki

Sebaris

Revisi terkini sejak 31 Agustus 2023 06.09

Pertempuran Mosul (bahasa Arab: معركة الموصل; Kurdi Soran: شەڕی مووسڵ) adalah serangan ofensif bersama-sama oleh pasukan pemerintah Irak, milisi Kurdistan Irak dan didukung oleh pasukan internasional untuk merebut kembali kota Mosul dari Negara Islam Irak dan Syam (ISIS).^[52]^[53]^[54] Serangan militer dalam skala kekuatan bersenjata yang besar ini juga dijuluki sebagai Operasi "Ninawa, Kami Datang" (قادمون يا نينوى; Qadimun Ya Naynawa),^[55]^[56]. Serangan militer ini dimulai pada 16 Oktober 2016 dengan pasukan penyerang mengepung daerah yang dikendalikan ISIS di ibu kota Kegubernuran Ninawa, Mosul.^[57]^[58] Pertempuran Mosul dianggap sebagai operasi kunci dalam intervensi militer terhadap ISIS, yang merebut kota itu pada Juni 2014.^[59] Ini adalah penyerangan militer yang mengerahkan pasukan dalam jumlah terbesar oleh pasukan Irak sejak Invasi Irak 2003 oleh AS dan pasukan koalisi.^[60]

Sebelumnya telah dilakukan Operasi militer terhadap Mosul pada tahun 2015 dan serangan lain atas Mosul pada penghujung oktober 2016. Hingga saat ini diperkirakan 1,5 juta warga sipil hidup di kota terkepung tersebut terdapat kekhawatiran akan terjadinya krisis kemanusiaan yang dihadapi oleh warga sipil yang tertahan di Mosul serta kekhawatiran akan dijadikannya warga sipil sebagai perisai manusia oleh ISIS.^[61]

Serangan dimulai dengan gerakan pasukan Irak dan gerilyawan Peshmerga yang terlibat dalam pertempuran melawan ISIS di luar Mosul, tepatnya dikawasan pedesaan yang awalnya dikendalikan oleh ISIS. Lebih dari dua puluhan desa direbut dari ISIS selama beberapa hari pertama pertempuran. Para pejabat militer Irak mengatakan operasi pengepungan dan penyerangan awal tersebut akan berlangsung selama dua minggu sebelum pasukan koalisi mencapai Mosul dan setidaknya dibutuhkan waktu dua bulan untuk merebut kembali keseluruhan kota Mosul.^[62]

Pada 9 Juli 2017, Perdana Menteri Irak Haider al-Abadi menyatakan telah merebut kembali kota Mosul yang sebelumnya dikuasai ISIS, dan pengumuman resminya diumumkan pada keesokan harinya.^[63]^[64]^[65]

Latar Belakang

Mosul adalah kota kedua yang paling padat penduduknya di Irak. Pada bulan Juni 2014 kota tersebut jatuh ketangan ISIS. Dengan sebagian besar penduduk Mosul adalah Muslim Sunni, Mosul jatuh dengan mudah hanya dengan kekalahan yang cukup memalukan pemerintah Irak. Sekitar 800 militan ISIS merebut Mosul dibawah sikap apatis yang mendalam penduduk terhadap pemerintah Irak yang didominasi oleh Syiah dan angkatan bersenjata yang cenderung korup.^[66] Tidak lama setelah keberhasilan ISIS tersebut di Masjid Agung Mosul pemimpin ISIS Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi menyatakan kelahiran kekhalifahan yang mencakup wilayah Irak dan Suriah.^[66] Populasi awalnya 2,5 juta penduduk telah berkurang hingga menajadi lebih kurang sekitar 1,5 juta penduduk dalam masa dua tahun pemerintahan ISIS. Kota ini pada masa-masa damai pernah sangat beragam, dengan berbagai etnis minoritas termasuk Armenia, Yazidi, Assyria, Turkmen, dan orang-orang Shabak mengalami pengungsian besar-besaran penduduk aslinya ketika di bawah kekuasaan ISIS.^[67] Sejak bulan Juni 2014 hingga Oktober 2016 Mosul dipertahankan sebagai benteng terkuat ISIS di Irak.

Saat Mosul adalah benteng utama terakhir kelompok ISIS di Irak. Para pejabat tinggi Irak mengatakan, jatuhnya kota Mosul akan menandai kekalahan telak ISIS di Irak.^[68]

Pada minggu-minggu menjelang serangan, Mosul menjadi sasaran pengeboman udara oleh pasukan koalisi menentang ISIS yang dipimpin AS. Sementara di darat tentara Irak membuat kemajuan bertahap di sekitar kota.^[60] Reaper Drone, Typhoon dan Tornado milik RAF menyerang berbagai sasaran ISIS di kota dalam 72 jam selama persiapan serangan darat dilakukan terhadap Mosul dimulai.^[69] Selebaran disebarkan di kota oleh tentara Irak yang menyarankan agar para warga laki-laki muda untuk "bangkit" melawan ISIS ketika pertempuran dimulai.^[70]

Untuk mempertahankan diri dari serangan koalisi, ISIS telah menggali parit-parit diseluruh kota yang dialiri dengan minyak dan membakarnya guna mengurangi jarak pandang^[60] dan memperlambat gerakan maju pasukan penyerang^[30]

Kekuatan Tempur

Departemen Pertahanan Amerika Serikat memperkirakan sekitar 3.000-5.000 pejuang ISIS berada di Mosul.^[71] perkiraan lain menyebutkan sedikitnya 2.000 hingga paling banyak 9.000 pejuang ISIS yang bertahan di Mosul.^[33] Mosul Eye, sebuah blog yang melaporkan perkembangan terbaru dari Mosul menyebutkan angka 8.000-9.000 petempur yang bersumpah setia kepada ISIS yang kini mempertahankan Mosul dengan tambahan keterangan bahwa separuh dari petempur ISIS ini adalah personil yang sangat terlatih dan separuh lainnya adalah terdiri dari remaja belasan tahun yang tidak terlatih. Lebih lanjut disebutkan bahwa sebanyak 10 persen di antara petempur ISIS merupakan petempur asing (Arab dan Non-Arab) dan sisanya adalah warga asli Irak yang berasal dari hampir seluruh Governorat Ninawa.^[72]

Di pihak penyerang, CNN memperkirakan setidaknya terdapat 94.000 orang kekuatan Koalisi yang dipimpin oleh pasukan pemerintah Irak.^[73] tetapi jumlah ini kemudian direvisi naik menjadi 108.500 orang,^[74] terdiri dari 54,000 hingga 60,000 pasukan angkatan bersenjata Irak, 16.000 pejuang paramiliter dan 40.000 Peshmerga dikerahkan dalam pertempuran.^[29]^[30] Paramiliter Kristen Niniwe yang terdiri dari orang-orang Asyur dan Katolik Kaldea ikut mengisi kekuatan koalisi Irak.^[75] Turut pula mengambil bagian dalam koalisi Irak adalah pasukan paramiliter Syiah yang didukung Iran terdiri dari milisi Hashd Al-Sha'abi, Tentara Mahdi, Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq dan Organisasi Badar.^[76]

Koalisi internasional yang terdiri dari 60 negara, dipimpin oleh Amerika Serikat mendukung perang Irak melawan ISIS dengan menyediakan logistik dan dukungan udara, intelejen dan penasehat militer.^[77] Dalam operasi tempur merebut kembali Mosul Pasukan koalisi internasional bermarkas 60 kilometer (37 mil) selatan dari Mosul di Pangkalan Udara Qayyarah Barat yang sebelumnya direbut dari kekuasan ISIS pada bulan Juni.^[78] Sekitar 560 tentara AS dari Divisi Lintas Udara 101 dikerahkan di markas Qayyarah Barat selama pertempuran, termasuk unsur komando dan pengendali, satu detasemen keamanan, tim operasi lapangan udara, dan logistik dan spesialis komunikasi.^[79] AS mengerahkan peluncur roket HIMARS dan howitzer M777 yang diawaki oleh Tim Tempur Brigade 2 Divisi 101 dan Golf Company, Batalyon Pendukung Brigade 526. Tentara Prancis mengerahkan empat howitzer CAESAR dan 150 sampai 200 tentara di Qayyarah, Prancis mengumumkan 600 lebih tentara yang akan terlibat dalam koalisi pada akhir September.^[80] Tambahan 150 tentara Prancis berkedudukan di Erbil, timur Mosul dalam misi melatih milisi Peshmerga.^[76] Kapal induk Charles de Gaulle, dengan kekuatan satu skuadron 24 jet tempur Dassault Rafale secara khusus diberangkatkan dari pangakalannya di Toulon ke pantai Suriah untuk mendukung operasi terhadap ISIS melalui serangan udara dan misi pengintaian. 12 jet Rafale lainnya beroperasi dari pangkalan Angkatan Udara Prancis di Yordania dan UEA.^[81]^[82] 80 tentara pasukan khusus Australia dan 210 tentara pasukan khusus Kanada juga dikerahkan untuk membantu Peshmerga. Selain itu, Pasukan Kanada dari Resimen Perang Elektronik 21 dilaporkan turut serta dalam koalisi internasional bertugas mencegat dan mengirimkan hasil penyadapan komunikasi ISIS, sementara 2 rumah sakit lapangan dengan 60 personil tentara Kanada telah didirikan untuk mengobati korban dari pihak Kurdi.^[83]^[84]

Sementara itu Naqshabandi sebuah kelompok loyalis Ba'ath dipimpin oleh mantan wakil presiden era rezim Saddam Hussein, Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri mengeluarkan pernyataan sebelum dimulainya operasi menyerukan orang-orang kota untuk melakukan pemberontakan terhadap ISIS dan mengumumkan bahwa mereka akan berjuang melawan "organisasi teroris".^[85]^[86]

Kehadiran beberapa milisi yang memiliki riwayat pelanggaran HAM telah menuai kritik Human Rights Watch yang menyerukan milisi Syiah dari Angkatan Mobilisasi Populer (PMF) atau dikenal pula dengan sebutan Hashd Al-Sha'abi untuk tidak masuk Mosul, menyusul tuduhan pelecehan parah yang dilakukkan mereka terhadap Muslim Sunni dalam operasi anti-ISIS sebelumnya di Fallujah, Tikrit dan Pengepungan Amerli.^[87]^[88]^[89]

Dalam sebuah pernyataan Perdana Menteri Irak Haider al-Abadi mengatakan bahwa hanya militer Irak dan polisi nasional Irak akan memasuki kota itu sendiri.^[90]

Keterlibatan Turki

Dilain pihak keterlibatan Turki dalam operasi telah menjadikan ketegangan baru hubungan antara Ankara dan Baghdad.^[6] Turki setidaknya memiliki 1.500 sampai 2.000 tentara di Irak.^[32] Termasuk 500 tentara Turki yang dikerahkan ke pangkalan dekat Bashiqa, di mana mereka bertugas melatih 1.500 relawan Sunni Irak terutama Turkmen dan Arab untuk merebut kembali Mosul.^[91]^[92] Kikutsertaan Turki sebenarnya bertentangan dengan keinginan pemerintah Irak, yang menganggap bahwa Turki telah melanggar kedaulatan Irak. Namun Turki tidak bergeming oleh anggapan tersebut serta bersikeras menolak untuk menarik pasukannya^[6] dari wilayah Irak. Melalui sebuah pernyataan dihadapan parlemen negaranya pada tanggal pada tanggal 1 Oktober, Presiden Turki Recep Tayyip Erdogan menyatakan: "Kami akan memainkan peran dalam operasi pembebasan Mosul dan tidak ada yang dapat mencegah kita dari berpartisipasi".^[93] Erdogan menegaskan bahwa kehadiran pasukannya dalam serangan ke Mosul adalah untuk mencegah jatuhnya Mosul kedalam kekusaan Kurdi atau Syiah yang akan mengancam keamanan negara Turki.^[94] Kehadiran Turki dikritik oleh Kurdi di Irak utara^[95] dan ribuan demonstran Kurdi menggelar unjuk rasa di Kedutaan Besar Turki di Baghdad pada 18 Oktober, menuntut pasukan Turki mundur dari Irak.^[96]

Sekutu Turki, Amerika Serikat dilaporkan telah berusaha untuk membujuk Irak untuk bekerja sama dengan Turki pada serangan terhadap Mosul.^[97] Sekretaris Departemen Pertahanan AS Ash Carter mengunjungi Turki pada 21 Oktober, di mana dicapai kesepakatan memungkinkan partisipasi terbatas Turki sambil menunggu mendapatkan persetujuan Irak. Carter membahas keterlibatan Turki secara rinci dengan Perdana Menteri Haider al-Abadi di Baghdad pada 22 Oktober dan dengan Masoud Barzani, Presiden Kurdistan Irak, di Erbil pada hari berikutnya.^[98]

Al-Abadi menolak tawaran segala sesuatu bantuan Turki, dengan mengatakan "Kami tahu bahwa Turki ingin berpartisipasi. Kami memberitahu mereka terima kasih, ini adalah yang akan ditangani oleh orang Irak dan Irak akan membebaskan Mosul dan seluruh wilayah lainnya"^[99]

Pada perkembangan situasi di Mosul selanjutnya pada tanggal 23 Oktober, Perdana Menteri Turki Binali Yildirim mengumumkan telah menembak posisi ISIS dekat Mosul setelah permintaan bantuan dari Peshmerga.^[6] Dengan bantuan dari pasukan Amerika, Inggris dan Turki, yang Peshmerga menempatkan pasukan mereka di sekeliling Bashiqa^[31]

Referensi

^ ^a ^b ^c "Mosul offensive: forces launch mass attack on Iraqi city in bid to oust Isis". The Guardian. 17 October 2016.
^ "Canadian troops supporting Kurds in fight to free Mosul from ISIS". CBC News. 17 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.
^ "Australia to have role in battle for Mosul". Sky News Australia. 17 October 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-10-18. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.
^ "Danish soldiers have a role on the attack on Islamic State in Mosul". TV2 Danmark. 17 October 2016.
^ "Germany 'will take part in the battle for Mosul'". Al-Araby Al-Jadeed (The New Arab). Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Battle for Mosul: Turkey confirms military involvement". Al Jazeera. 23 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 23 October 2016.
^ "What role is Iran playing in the Mosul offensive?". Christian Science Monitor. 29 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 5 November 2016.
^ ^a ^b David Daoud (5 November 2016). "Hezbollah fighters train Iraqi Shiite militants near Mosul". The Long War Journal. Diakses tanggal 5 November 2016.
^ Tomson, Chris (31 October 2016). "Iraqi troops rush through ISIS territory southwest of Mosul, liberate 11 villages - AMN - Al-Masdar News - المصدر نيوز". almasdarnews.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-10-26. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2016.
^ "Mosul offensive: Federal Police forces liberate 61 villages and 1400 square kilometers". iraqinews.com. 30 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2016.
^ "Battle for Mosul intensifies as Shiite militias join fray". usatoday.com. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2016.
^ Haddad, Tareq (16 October 2016). "'US military has started shelling Mosul' says Peshmerga commander". International Business Times. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.
^ "Sait Çürükkaya DAEŞ saldırısında öldü haberi". www.sonhaberler.com. 30 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 5 November 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Muhannad al-Ghazi (25 October 2016). "Anti-IS troops are gaining ground on multiple fronts in Iraq". Al-Monitor. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2016.
^ Amir Toumaj (4 November 2016). "Abu Azrael spotted during PMF's Mosul operation". The Long War Journal. Diakses tanggal 5 November 2016.
^ "Airstrike kills senior ISIS leader killed in Tel al-Sheer village, Nineveh". Iraqi News. 20 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 21 October 2016.
^ "Report: ISIS 'Rambo' killed in battle south of Mosul". Jerusalem Post. 27 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 29 October 2016.
^ "Turkish and Kurdish soldiers join forces to gain advantage in Mosul push". The Guardian.
^ "Senior ISIS official killed in al-Shallalat district of Mosul". Iraqi News. 1 November 2016. Diakses tanggal 2 November 2016.
^ "ISIS leader reported dead in Mosul; Kurdish official says residents rising up". Rudaw Media Network. 6 November 2016. Diakses tanggal 6 November 2016.
^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama rudaw1107
^ McKirdy, Euan; Tawfeeq, Mohammed; Formanek, Ingrid (11 November 2016). "Sources: Top ISIS commander killed in Mosul". CNN. Diakses tanggal 11 November 2016.
^ "Iraqi Army makes final preparations for massive offensive". 10 September 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-11-06. Diakses tanggal 10 September 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Amir Toumaj (4 November 2016). "Iraqi PMF attempts to cut off Islamic State in Mosul". The Long War Journal. Diakses tanggal 5 November 2016.
^ Bill Roggio; Caleb Weiss (28 October 2016). "Hezbollah Brigades hurries troops to Mosul fight". The Long War Journal. Diakses tanggal 31 October 2016.
^ [1] اردوغان ارسل جيشه الى العراق تجنبا لانقلاب ثانٍ.. لا حاجة للتركمان بتركيا
^ "NPF declaring their participation to Mosul offensive". Syriac International News Agency. 18 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.
^ "IS commanders reach al-Raqqa province coming from Iraq". SOHR. 25 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 25 October 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Walsh, Nick Paton; Blau, Max; Park, Madison; McLaughlin, Eliott C. (17 October 2016). "Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces inflict 'heavy losses'". CNN. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c "PressTV-LIVE UPDATE: Final push to retake Mosul". presstv.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-26. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.
^ ^a ^b "Turkish and Kurdish soldiers join forces to gain advantage in Mosul push". The Guardian.
^ ^a ^b Mathieu, Luc; Kodmani, Hala (16 October 2016). ""Le gouvernement irakien n'a pas de plan pour le jour d'après"". Libération.fr. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.
^ ^a ^b "Irak : l'opération pour reprendre Mossoul des mains de l'EI est lancée". Le Monde (dalam bahasa Prancis). 17 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016. Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; nama "lemonde1017" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda
^ Analyst, Peter Bergen, CNN National Security. "ISIS leaders may flee Mosul as their ranks are decimated". cnn.com. Diakses tanggal 27 October 2016.
^ ^a ^b "IS trickling out of Mosul as losses mount: US general". AFP. Diakses tanggal 27 October 2016.
^ CNN, Nick Paton Walsh, Ghazi Balkiz and Scott McWhinnie. "Battle for Mosul: ISIS strikes, kills at dusk". cnn.com. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2016.
^ "Casualties mount as Iraqis press deeper into IS-held Mosul". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-11-08. Diakses tanggal 2016-11-12.
^ "First US Service Member Killed In Mosul Offensive". Military.com. 20 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 20 October 2016.
^ "تنظيم الدولة يعتقل خلايا تابعة لحزب البعث أثناء محاولتها تنفيذ هجمات ضده بالتزامن مع انطلاق عملية استعادة الموصل". Al-Quds Al-Arabi (dalam bahasa Arabic). 20 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 20 October 2016.
^ Ghoshal, Arkadev (10 November 2016). "BATTLE FOR MOSUL: Iraqi and coalition forces advance as Isis continues its reign of terror". International Business Times, India Edition (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 11 November 2016.
^ "Iraqi Commander: Battle to Liberate Mosul Killed 2000 ISIL Gunmen So Far". Al-Manar TV. 7 November 2016. Diakses tanggal 7 November 2016.
^ "ISIS kills 284 villagers in Mosul as Iraq forces close in on city".
^ "ISIS 'executes' 232 near Mosul and takes 'thousands as human shields', UN says". CNN News. 28 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 28 October 2016.
^ "Human Rights Commission: ISIS executes 100 civilians in Mosul". Iraqi News. Diakses tanggal 2016-10-30.
^ "ISIS executes 22 persons by electrocution in central Mosul". Iraqi News. Diakses tanggal 2016-10-30.
^ "Iraq, le forze speciali avanzano: "Siamo entrati a Mosul" | Media: "Nuovo massacro Isis: uccisi 300 civili" - Tgcom24". Google.it. Diakses tanggal 2016-11-01.
^ Tiempo, Casa Editorial El. "Grupo Estado Islámico mata a 52 jóvenes en un colegio en Mosul - Medio oriente - El Tiempo". eltiempo.com. Diakses tanggal 5 November 2016.
^ "Islamic State executes 40 civilians in Mosul for treason, says UN". News.sky.com. Diakses tanggal 2016-11-11.
^ http://www.ibtimes.co.in/iraq-isis-killed-crucified-40-people-mosul-helping-iraqi-forces-says-un-703589
^ "42,000 mengungsi sejak mulainya serangan Mosul — IOM". Jordan Times. 10 November 2016. Diakses tanggal 10 November 2016.
^ "Mosul Iraq Situation Flash Update" (PDF). United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 6 November 2016. Diakses tanggal 7 November 2016.
^ Dunford, Daniel (15 October 2016). "Battle for Mosul: UN prepares for aftermath 'chaos'". BBC News. Diakses tanggal 15 October 2016.
^ "The Coming Battle for Mosul". The New York Times. 14 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 15 October 2016.
^ von Hein, Matthias (14 October 2016). "Interview: Battle for Mosul likely to lead to power struggle". Deutsche Welle. Diakses tanggal 15 October 2016.
^ "العبادي يطلق على عمليات تحرير نينوى تسمية "قادمون يا نينوى" أمن". Al Sumaria. 17 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 21 October 2016.
^ Winter, Charlie (20 October 2016). "How ISIS Is Spinning the Mosul Battle". The Atlantic. Diakses tanggal 21 October 2016.
^ "Battle for Mosul: Iraq and Kurdish troops make gains". BBC News. 17 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.
^ Blau, Max; Park, Madison; McLaughlin, Eliott C. (17 October 2016). "Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces close in". CNN. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.
^ Yan, Holly; Muaddi, Nadeem (17 October 2016). "Why the battle for Mosul matters in the fight against ISIS". CNN. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c "What is the battle for Mosul? Everything you need to know about the fight to liberate Isil's last bastion of power in Iraq". The Daily Telegraph. 17 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.
^ "Battle for Mosul sparks fears of humanitarian crisis". Times LIVE. Agence France Press. 17 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.
^ Chulov, Martin; Borger, Julian (19 October 2016). "Two months to take Mosul from Isis, says Iraqi general". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal 21 October 2016.
^ "Iraqi forces have fully retaken Mosul, U.S.-backed coalition confirms". USA TODAY (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2017-07-10.
^ "Battle for Mosul: Iraq PM Abadi formally declares victory". BBC News. 10 July 2017. Diakses tanggal 11 July 2017.
^ "Mosul completely freed from ISIS: What's next for the city left in ruins?". Cable News Network. 10 July 2017. Diakses tanggal 11 July 2017.
^ ^a ^b "Factbox: Once-tolerant Mosul site of Iraq push against Islamic State". Reuters. 16 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.
^ Bulos, Nabih (2 October 2016). "The battle in Iraq that could turn the tide against Islamic State: The fight for Mosul is about to begin". Los Angeles Times. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.
^ "ISIS City Under Attack on Iraqi Special Forces - Militaryword.com". Militaryword.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2016-10-22. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-10-31. Diakses tanggal 2016-10-29.
^ "Isil 'launches suicide attacks' on Kurdish forces in Mosul as bloody battle to retake terror group's Iraq stronghold begins". The Daily Telegraph. 17 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.
^ Gordon, Michael R.; Arango, Tim (17 October 2016). "Kurdish Troops Advance on ISIS-Held Villages East of Mosul". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.
^ Peter Cook, various reporters (17 October 2016). Defense Department Briefing. Arlington, Virginia, United States: C-SPAN. Berlangsung pada 23:02. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016. The estimate [of ISL fighters in Mosul] I've seen was… 3,000 to 5,000… We've seen other numbers that are higher.
^ Wright, Robin (27 October 2016). "The Secret Eye Inside Mosul". The New Yorker. Diakses tanggal 29 October 2016.
^ Walsh, Nick; Blau, Max; Grinberg, Emanuella; Hume, Tim (17 October 2016). "Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces inflict 'heavy losses' on ISIS". CNN. Berlangsung pada 20:02. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.
^ Hume, Tim (25 October 2016). "Battle for Mosul: How ISIS is fighting to keep its Iraqi stronghold". CNN. Diakses tanggal 29 October 2016.
^ Lodge, Carey (18 October 2016). "Christian Forces Will 'Fight Relentlessly' To Free Mosul From ISIS". Christian Today. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.
^ ^a ^b "Bataille de Mossoul : qui participe à la reconquête ?". L'Observer (dalam bahasa Prancis). 17 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.
^ "Iraq, Syria Make Significant Strides Countering ISIL, Press Secretary". U.S. Department of Defense. 17 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.
^ Forey, Samuel (16 October 2016). "Bataille de Mossoul: reportage à Qayyarah, dans le QG de la coalition". Le Figaro (dalam bahasa Prancis). Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.
^ Sisk, Richard (8 August 2016). "101st Soldiers Deploying to Bolster Fight Against ISIS in Iraq". Military.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.
^ Chapleau, Philippe (29 September 2016). "Les quatre Caesar de Qayyarah ont déjà donné de la voix". Ouest-France. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.
^ Licourt, Julien (30 September 2016). "Premières opérations depuis le Charles-de-Gaulle avant l'offensive sur Mossoul". Le Figaro (dalam bahasa Prancis). Diakses tanggal 19 October 2016.
^ Pleitgen, Fred (17 October 2016). "On board the French nuclear carrier battling ISIS". CNN. Diakses tanggal 19 October 2016.
^ Greene, Andrew. "Islamic State: Australia's special forces to assist Iraq military in battle for Mosul". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.
^ Chase, Steven. "Canadian forces providing crucial support in battle to recapture Mosul". The Globe and Mail. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.
^ "تحرير الموصل.. جيش النقشبندية ينفي اشتباك البشمركة مع "داعش"". Bawwabat Al-Arab (dalam bahasa Arabic). 18 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 20 October 2016.
^ "الهجوم ينجز أهدافه في سهل نينوى". Azzaman (dalam bahasa Arabic). 17 October 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-10-18. Diakses tanggal 20 October 2016.
^ "Ban militias with abuse records from Mosul fight: HRW". Al Jazeera. 26 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 26 October 2016.
^ Wille, Belkis (14 October 2016). "How Retaking Mosul Could Spell Disaster for Civilians". Human Rights Watch. Diakses tanggal 26 October 2016.
^ Dolamari, Mewan (7 October 2016). "US accepts Shia-militia role in Mosul battle despite human rights abuses". www.kurdistan24.net. Diakses tanggal 26 October 2016.
^ "Trompettes et tambours médiatiques pour la reconquête de Mossoul". Ouest-France (dalam bahasa Prancis). 17 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.
^ "Offensive sur Mossoul: Washington tente de désamorcer les tensions Turquie-Irak". L'Orient-Le Jour. 12 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.
^ "Reconquête de Mossoul: la Turquie entend peser sur le champ de bataille irakien" (dalam bahasa Prancis). RFI. 17 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.
^ Lister, Tim; Alkhshali, Hamdi (4 October 2016). "Stakes high for Iraq as Mosul offensive looms". CNN. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.
^ "Erdogan: Iraq unable to liberate Mosul on its own". Al Arabiya. 15 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.
^ Hesen, Rêbaz (17 October 2016). "People of South Kurdistan: Turkey after a permanent occupation in Mosul". Firat News Agency. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.
^ "آلاف العراقيين يتظاهرون للمطالبة بخروج القوات التركية (Thousands of Iraqis Demonstrate to Demand the Withdrawal of Turkish Troops". قناة الحرة (Al Hurra). 18 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.
^ Baldor, Lolita C. (22 October 2016). "Carter says Turkey should play role in Mosul fight". The Washington Post. Associated Press. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-19. Diakses tanggal 23 October 2016.
^ "MOSUL OFFENSIVE DAY 7: Live Updates". Rudaw Media Network. 23 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 23 October 2016.
^ Baldor, Lolita C. (22 October 2016). "Iraqi leader resists US push for Turkish role in Mosul fight". The Washington Post. Associated Press. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-02. Diakses tanggal 23 October 2016.

[guardian1017-1] "Mosul offensive: forces launch mass attack on Iraqi city in bid to oust Isis". The Guardian. 17 October 2016.

[Canadatroops-2] "Canadian troops supporting Kurds in fight to free Mosul from ISIS". CBC News. 17 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.

[3] "Australia to have role in battle for Mosul". Sky News Australia. 17 October 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-10-18. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.

[4] "Danish soldiers have a role on the attack on Islamic State in Mosul". TV2 Danmark. 17 October 2016.

[5] "Germany 'will take part in the battle for Mosul'". Al-Araby Al-Jadeed (The New Arab). Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.

[aj1023-6] "Battle for Mosul: Turkey confirms military involvement". Al Jazeera. 23 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 23 October 2016.

[7] "What role is Iran playing in the Mosul offensive?". Christian Science Monitor. 29 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 5 November 2016.

[Hezbollah-8] David Daoud (5 November 2016). "Hezbollah fighters train Iraqi Shiite militants near Mosul". The Long War Journal. Diakses tanggal 5 November 2016.

[9] Tomson, Chris (31 October 2016). "Iraqi troops rush through ISIS territory southwest of Mosul, liberate 11 villages - AMN - Al-Masdar News - المصدر نيوز". almasdarnews.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-10-26. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2016.

[10] "Mosul offensive: Federal Police forces liberate 61 villages and 1400 square kilometers". iraqinews.com. 30 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2016.

[11] "Battle for Mosul intensifies as Shiite militias join fray". usatoday.com. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2016.

[ibt1016-12] Haddad, Tareq (16 October 2016). "'US military has started shelling Mosul' says Peshmerga commander". International Business Times. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.

[13] "Sait Çürükkaya DAEŞ saldırısında öldü haberi". www.sonhaberler.com. 30 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 5 November 2016.

[multiple_fronts-14] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Muhannad al-Ghazi (25 October 2016). "Anti-IS troops are gaining ground on multiple fronts in Iraq". Al-Monitor. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2016.

[15] Amir Toumaj (4 November 2016). "Abu Azrael spotted during PMF's Mosul operation". The Long War Journal. Diakses tanggal 5 November 2016.

[16] "Airstrike kills senior ISIS leader killed in Tel al-Sheer village, Nineveh". Iraqi News. 20 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 21 October 2016.

[17] "Report: ISIS 'Rambo' killed in battle south of Mosul". Jerusalem Post. 27 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 29 October 2016.

[18] "Turkish and Kurdish soldiers join forces to gain advantage in Mosul push". The Guardian.

[19] "Senior ISIS official killed in al-Shallalat district of Mosul". Iraqi News. 1 November 2016. Diakses tanggal 2 November 2016.

[ansari-20] "ISIS leader reported dead in Mosul; Kurdish official says residents rising up". Rudaw Media Network. 6 November 2016. Diakses tanggal 6 November 2016.

[rudaw1107-21] Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama rudaw1107

[cnn1111-22] McKirdy, Euan; Tawfeeq, Mohammed; Formanek, Ingrid (11 November 2016). "Sources: Top ISIS commander killed in Mosul". CNN. Diakses tanggal 11 November 2016.

[23] "Iraqi Army makes final preparations for massive offensive". 10 September 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-11-06. Diakses tanggal 10 September 2016.

[PMF_cut_off-24] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Amir Toumaj (4 November 2016). "Iraqi PMF attempts to cut off Islamic State in Mosul". The Long War Journal. Diakses tanggal 5 November 2016.

[25] Bill Roggio; Caleb Weiss (28 October 2016). "Hezbollah Brigades hurries troops to Mosul fight". The Long War Journal. Diakses tanggal 31 October 2016.

[26] [1] اردوغان ارسل جيشه الى العراق تجنبا لانقلاب ثانٍ.. لا حاجة للتركمان بتركيا

[27] "NPF declaring their participation to Mosul offensive". Syriac International News Agency. 18 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.

[commander_Raqqa-28] "IS commanders reach al-Raqqa province coming from Iraq". SOHR. 25 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 25 October 2016.

[cnn1017-29] Walsh, Nick Paton; Blau, Max; Park, Madison; McLaughlin, Eliott C. (17 October 2016). "Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces inflict 'heavy losses'". CNN. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.

[ptv-30] "PressTV-LIVE UPDATE: Final push to retake Mosul". presstv.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-26. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.

[TurkeyKurdsPush-31] "Turkish and Kurdish soldiers join forces to gain advantage in Mosul push". The Guardian.

[MathieuKodmani1016-32] Mathieu, Luc; Kodmani, Hala (16 October 2016). ""Le gouvernement irakien n'a pas de plan pour le jour d'après"". Libération.fr. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.

[lemonde1017-33] "Irak : l'opération pour reprendre Mossoul des mains de l'EI est lancée". Le Monde (dalam bahasa Prancis). 17 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016. Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; nama "lemonde1017" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda

[34] Analyst, Peter Bergen, CNN National Security. "ISIS leaders may flee Mosul as their ranks are decimated". cnn.com. Diakses tanggal 27 October 2016.

[trickling-35] "IS trickling out of Mosul as losses mount: US general". AFP. Diakses tanggal 27 October 2016.

[36] CNN, Nick Paton Walsh, Ghazi Balkiz and Scott McWhinnie. "Battle for Mosul: ISIS strikes, kills at dusk". cnn.com. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2016.

[37] "Casualties mount as Iraqis press deeper into IS-held Mosul". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-11-08. Diakses tanggal 2016-11-12.

[38] "First US Service Member Killed In Mosul Offensive". Military.com. 20 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 20 October 2016.

[Naqshabandi_-_Al-Quds_Al-Arabi-39] "تنظيم الدولة يعتقل خلايا تابعة لحزب البعث أثناء محاولتها تنفيذ هجمات ضده بالتزامن مع انطلاق عملية استعادة الموصل". Al-Quds Al-Arabi (dalam bahasa Arabic). 20 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 20 October 2016.

[40] Ghoshal, Arkadev (10 November 2016). "BATTLE FOR MOSUL: Iraqi and coalition forces advance as Isis continues its reign of terror". International Business Times, India Edition (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 11 November 2016.

[41] "Iraqi Commander: Battle to Liberate Mosul Killed 2000 ISIL Gunmen So Far". Al-Manar TV. 7 November 2016. Diakses tanggal 7 November 2016.

[42] "ISIS kills 284 villagers in Mosul as Iraq forces close in on city".

[auto-43] "ISIS 'executes' 232 near Mosul and takes 'thousands as human shields', UN says". CNN News. 28 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 28 October 2016.

[44] "Human Rights Commission: ISIS executes 100 civilians in Mosul". Iraqi News. Diakses tanggal 2016-10-30.

[45] "ISIS executes 22 persons by electrocution in central Mosul". Iraqi News. Diakses tanggal 2016-10-30.

[46] "Iraq, le forze speciali avanzano: "Siamo entrati a Mosul" | Media: "Nuovo massacro Isis: uccisi 300 civili" - Tgcom24". Google.it. Diakses tanggal 2016-11-01.

[47] Tiempo, Casa Editorial El. "Grupo Estado Islámico mata a 52 jóvenes en un colegio en Mosul - Medio oriente - El Tiempo". eltiempo.com. Diakses tanggal 5 November 2016.

[48] "Islamic State executes 40 civilians in Mosul for treason, says UN". News.sky.com. Diakses tanggal 2016-11-11.

[49] ttp://www.ibtimes.co.in/iraq-isis-killed-crucified-40-people-mosul-helping-iraqi-forces-says-un-703589

[50] "42,000 mengungsi sejak mulainya serangan Mosul — IOM". Jordan Times. 10 November 2016. Diakses tanggal 10 November 2016.

[unhcr1109-51] "Mosul Iraq Situation Flash Update" (PDF). United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 6 November 2016. Diakses tanggal 7 November 2016.

[52] Dunford, Daniel (15 October 2016). "Battle for Mosul: UN prepares for aftermath 'chaos'". BBC News. Diakses tanggal 15 October 2016.

[53] "The Coming Battle for Mosul". The New York Times. 14 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 15 October 2016.

[54] von Hein, Matthias (14 October 2016). "Interview: Battle for Mosul likely to lead to power struggle". Deutsche Welle. Diakses tanggal 15 October 2016.

[55] "العبادي يطلق على عمليات تحرير نينوى تسمية "قادمون يا نينوى" أمن". Al Sumaria. 17 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 21 October 2016.

[atlantic1020-56] Winter, Charlie (20 October 2016). "How ISIS Is Spinning the Mosul Battle". The Atlantic. Diakses tanggal 21 October 2016.

[bbc1017-57] "Battle for Mosul: Iraq and Kurdish troops make gains". BBC News. 17 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.

[cnn1016-58] Blau, Max; Park, Madison; McLaughlin, Eliott C. (17 October 2016). "Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces close in". CNN. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.

[59] Yan, Holly; Muaddi, Nadeem (17 October 2016). "Why the battle for Mosul matters in the fight against ISIS". CNN. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.

[dt1017-60] "What is the battle for Mosul? Everything you need to know about the fight to liberate Isil's last bastion of power in Iraq". The Daily Telegraph. 17 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.

[afp1017-61] "Battle for Mosul sparks fears of humanitarian crisis". Times LIVE. Agence France Press. 17 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.

[62] Chulov, Martin; Borger, Julian (19 October 2016). "Two months to take Mosul from Isis, says Iraqi general". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal 21 October 2016.

[63] "Iraqi forces have fully retaken Mosul, U.S.-backed coalition confirms". USA TODAY (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2017-07-10.

[formally_declares_victory-64] "Battle for Mosul: Iraq PM Abadi formally declares victory". BBC News. 10 July 2017. Diakses tanggal 11 July 2017.

[completely_freed-65] "Mosul completely freed from ISIS: What's next for the city left in ruins?". Cable News Network. 10 July 2017. Diakses tanggal 11 July 2017.

[reuters1016-66] "Factbox: Once-tolerant Mosul site of Iraq push against Islamic State". Reuters. 16 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.

[67] Bulos, Nabih (2 October 2016). "The battle in Iraq that could turn the tide against Islamic State: The fight for Mosul is about to begin". Los Angeles Times. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.

[68] "ISIS City Under Attack on Iraqi Special Forces - Militaryword.com". Militaryword.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2016-10-22. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-10-31. Diakses tanggal 2016-10-29.

[69] "Isil 'launches suicide attacks' on Kurdish forces in Mosul as bloody battle to retake terror group's Iraq stronghold begins". The Daily Telegraph. 17 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.

[nyt1017-70] Gordon, Michael R.; Arango, Tim (17 October 2016). "Kurdish Troops Advance on ISIS-Held Villages East of Mosul". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.

[71] Peter Cook, various reporters (17 October 2016). Defense Department Briefing. Arlington, Virginia, United States: C-SPAN. Berlangsung pada 23:02. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016. The estimate [of ISL fighters in Mosul] I've seen was… 3,000 to 5,000… We've seen other numbers that are higher.

[auto1-72] Wright, Robin (27 October 2016). "The Secret Eye Inside Mosul". The New Yorker. Diakses tanggal 29 October 2016.

[73] Walsh, Nick; Blau, Max; Grinberg, Emanuella; Hume, Tim (17 October 2016). "Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces inflict 'heavy losses' on ISIS". CNN. Berlangsung pada 20:02. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.

[74] Hume, Tim (25 October 2016). "Battle for Mosul: How ISIS is fighting to keep its Iraqi stronghold". CNN. Diakses tanggal 29 October 2016.

[75] Lodge, Carey (18 October 2016). "Christian Forces Will 'Fight Relentlessly' To Free Mosul From ISIS". Christian Today. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.

[lobs1017-76] "Bataille de Mossoul : qui participe à la reconquête ?". L'Observer (dalam bahasa Prancis). 17 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.

[77] "Iraq, Syria Make Significant Strides Countering ISIL, Press Secretary". U.S. Department of Defense. 17 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.

[78] Forey, Samuel (16 October 2016). "Bataille de Mossoul: reportage à Qayyarah, dans le QG de la coalition". Le Figaro (dalam bahasa Prancis). Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.

[79] Sisk, Richard (8 August 2016). "101st Soldiers Deploying to Bolster Fight Against ISIS in Iraq". Military.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.

[80] Chapleau, Philippe (29 September 2016). "Les quatre Caesar de Qayyarah ont déjà donné de la voix". Ouest-France. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.

[81] Licourt, Julien (30 September 2016). "Premières opérations depuis le Charles-de-Gaulle avant l'offensive sur Mossoul". Le Figaro (dalam bahasa Prancis). Diakses tanggal 19 October 2016.

[cnncdg-82] Pleitgen, Fred (17 October 2016). "On board the French nuclear carrier battling ISIS". CNN. Diakses tanggal 19 October 2016.

[Okra-83] Greene, Andrew. "Islamic State: Australia's special forces to assist Iraq military in battle for Mosul". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.

[CANSOFCOM-84] Chase, Steven. "Canadian forces providing crucial support in battle to recapture Mosul". The Globe and Mail. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.

[Naqshabandi_-_Bawwabat_Al-Arab-85] "تحرير الموصل.. جيش النقشبندية ينفي اشتباك البشمركة مع "داعش"". Bawwabat Al-Arab (dalam bahasa Arabic). 18 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 20 October 2016.

[Naqshabandi_-_Azzaman-86] "الهجوم ينجز أهدافه في سهل نينوى". Azzaman (dalam bahasa Arabic). 17 October 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-10-18. Diakses tanggal 20 October 2016.

[87] "Ban militias with abuse records from Mosul fight: HRW". Al Jazeera. 26 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 26 October 2016.

[88] Wille, Belkis (14 October 2016). "How Retaking Mosul Could Spell Disaster for Civilians". Human Rights Watch. Diakses tanggal 26 October 2016.

[89] Dolamari, Mewan (7 October 2016). "US accepts Shia-militia role in Mosul battle despite human rights abuses". www.kurdistan24.net. Diakses tanggal 26 October 2016.

[of1017-90] "Trompettes et tambours médiatiques pour la reconquête de Mossoul". Ouest-France (dalam bahasa Prancis). 17 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2016.

[91] "Offensive sur Mossoul: Washington tente de désamorcer les tensions Turquie-Irak". L'Orient-Le Jour. 12 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.

[92] "Reconquête de Mossoul: la Turquie entend peser sur le champ de bataille irakien" (dalam bahasa Prancis). RFI. 17 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.

[93] Lister, Tim; Alkhshali, Hamdi (4 October 2016). "Stakes high for Iraq as Mosul offensive looms". CNN. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.

[94] "Erdogan: Iraq unable to liberate Mosul on its own". Al Arabiya. 15 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.

[95] Hesen, Rêbaz (17 October 2016). "People of South Kurdistan: Turkey after a permanent occupation in Mosul". Firat News Agency. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.

[96] "آلاف العراقيين يتظاهرون للمطالبة بخروج القوات التركية (Thousands of Iraqis Demonstrate to Demand the Withdrawal of Turkish Troops". قناة الحرة (Al Hurra). 18 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.

[97] Baldor, Lolita C. (22 October 2016). "Carter says Turkey should play role in Mosul fight". The Washington Post. Associated Press. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-19. Diakses tanggal 23 October 2016.

[rudaw1023-98] "MOSUL OFFENSIVE DAY 7: Live Updates". Rudaw Media Network. 23 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 23 October 2016.

[99] Baldor, Lolita C. (22 October 2016). "Iraqi leader resists US push for Turkish role in Mosul fight". The Washington Post. Associated Press. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-02. Diakses tanggal 23 October 2016.

[9]

[10]

[11]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]

[63]

[64]

[65]

[66]

[67]

[68]

[69]

[70]

[71]

[72]

[73]

[74]

[75]

[76]

[77]

[78]

[79]

[80]

[81]

[82]

[83]

[84]

[85]

[86]

[87]

[88]

[89]

[90]

[91]

[92]

[93]

[94]

[95]

[96]

[97]

[98]

[99]

@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
-{{for|other Mosul offensives|Battle of Mosul}}
+{{untuk|serangan Mosul lainnya|Pertempuran Mosul (disambiguasi)}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2016}}
 {{Infobox military conflict
 |conflict=Pertempuran Mosul (2016)
-|partof=the [[Perang saudara Irak (2014–sekarang)|Perang Saudara Irak]] dan<br>the [[American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–present)|Intervensi AS di Irak]]
+|partof=[[Perang Saudara Irak (2014–sekarang)|Perang Saudara Irak]] dan<br>[[American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–sekarang)|Intervensi AS di Irak]]
 |width=350px
-|image=[[File:Map of Iraq - Battle of Mosul.png|300px|alt= Infographic of Mosul within Iraq]]
+|image= [[Berkas:Battle of Mosul (2016-2017).svg|300px]]
+|cation= Sebuah gambaran kartografi dari situasi saat ini di Mosul, 25 Januari 2017.
-|cation= Infographic dari Mosul di Irak, with initial positions of Iraqi Army and Kurdish Peshmerga, Oktober 2016.
+{{Leftlegend | # EDC4BE | kontrol pemerintah Irak}} {{leftlegend | # B4B2AE |  [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam|ISIL]] kontrol}} {{leftlegend | # FFFF00 | [[Peshmerga]] kontrol}}
-|date=16 Oktober 2016 – ''sekarang''<br>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=10|day1=16|year1=2016}})
+|date=16 Oktober 2016 – 10 Juli 2017<br>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=10|day1=16|year1=2016}})
 |place=[[Irak]]
-* Barat daya [[Provinsi Erbil]]
+* Barat daya [[Kegubernuran Arbil]]
-* [[Nineveh Governorate]]
+* [[Kegubernuran Ninawa]]
+|result=Kemenangan besar koalisi anti-ISIS
-|status=Masih berlanjut
-|territory= Pada tanggal 31 Oktober, ISF dan Peshmerga telah menangkap total {{mengkonversi| 1400 | km2}} dan 123 permukiman dari ISIL.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iraqi-troops-rush-isis-territory-southwest-mosul-liberate-10-villages/|title=Iraqi troops rush through ISIS territory southwest of Mosul, liberate 11 villages - AMN - Al-Masdar News - المصدر نيوز|first=Chris|last=Tomson|date=31 October 2016|work=almasdarnews.com|accessdate=1 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/mosul-offensive-federal-police-forces-liberate-61-villages-1400-square-kilometers/|title=Mosul offensive: Federal Police forces liberate 61 villages and 1400 square kilometers|date=30 October 2016|work=iraqinews.com|accessdate=1 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2016/10/30/battle-mosul-intensifies-shiite-militias-join-fray/93017632/|title=Battle for Mosul intensifies as Shiite militias join fray|work=usatoday.com|accessdate=1 November 2016}}</ref>
+|territory= Pada tanggal 31 Oktober, ISF dan Peshmerga telah merebut 1400 km² (540 mil²) dan 123 permukiman dari NIIS.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iraqi-troops-rush-isis-territory-southwest-mosul-liberate-10-villages/|title=Iraqi troops rush through ISIS territory southwest of Mosul, liberate 11 villages - AMN - Al-Masdar News - المصدر نيوز|first=Chris|last=Tomson|date=31 October 2016|work=almasdarnews.com|accessdate=1 November 2016|archive-date=2017-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026055655/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iraqi-troops-rush-isis-territory-southwest-mosul-liberate-10-villages/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/mosul-offensive-federal-police-forces-liberate-61-villages-1400-square-kilometers/|title=Mosul offensive: Federal Police forces liberate 61 villages and 1400 square kilometers|date=30 October 2016|work=iraqinews.com|accessdate=1 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2016/10/30/battle-mosul-intensifies-shiite-militias-join-fray/93017632/|title=Battle for Mosul intensifies as Shiite militias join fray|work=usatoday.com|accessdate=1 November 2016}}</ref>
 |combatant1={{flagicon|Iraq}} '''[[Irak]]'''<br>
 {{flagicon|Kurdistan}} [[Kurdistan Irak]]<br>
@@ Baris 19: / Baris 20: @@
 |bullets=yes
 |title={{flagicon image|Seal of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.svg|size=25px|border=}} '''[[Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve|CJTF–OIR]]'''
-|{{flag|Amerika serikat}}<ref name="guardian1017">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/17/iraqi-forces-begin-assault-on-isis-stronghold-mosul|title=Mosul offensive: forces launch mass attack on Iraqi city in bid to oust Isis|publisher=The Guardian|date=17 October 2016}}</ref>
+|{{flag|Amerika Serikat}}<ref name="guardian1017">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/17/iraqi-forces-begin-assault-on-isis-stronghold-mosul|title=Mosul offensive: forces launch mass attack on Iraqi city in bid to oust Isis|publisher=The Guardian|date=17 October 2016}}</ref>
-|{{flag|United Kingdom}}<ref name="guardian1017"/>
+|{{flag|Inggris}}<ref name="guardian1017"/>
-|{{flag|France}}<ref name="guardian1017"/>
+|{{flag|Prancis}}<ref name="guardian1017"/>
-|{{flag|Canada}}<ref name="Canadatroops">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/harjit-sajjan-supporting-troops-iraq-1.3809333|title=Canadian troops supporting Kurds in fight to free Mosul from ISIS|publisher=CBC News|date=17 October 2016|accessdate=17 October 2016}}</ref>
+|{{flag|Kanada}}<ref name="Canadatroops">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/harjit-sajjan-supporting-troops-iraq-1.3809333|title=Canadian troops supporting Kurds in fight to free Mosul from ISIS|publisher=CBC News|date=17 October 2016|accessdate=17 October 2016}}</ref>
-|{{flag|Australia}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.skynews.com.au/news/top-stories/2016/10/17/australia-to-have-role-in-battle-for-mosul.html|title=Australia to have role in battle for Mosul|publisher=Sky News Australia|date=17 October 2016|accessdate=17 October 2016}}</ref>
+|{{flag|Australia}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.skynews.com.au/news/top-stories/2016/10/17/australia-to-have-role-in-battle-for-mosul.html|title=Australia to have role in battle for Mosul|publisher=Sky News Australia|date=17 October 2016|accessdate=17 October 2016|archive-date=2016-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018205626/http://www.skynews.com.au/news/top-stories/2016/10/17/australia-to-have-role-in-battle-for-mosul.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
 |{{flag|Denmark}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nyheder.tv2.dk/udland/2016-10-17-danskere-deltager-i-angrebet-paa-islamisk-stat|title=Danish soldiers have a role on the attack on Islamic State in Mosul|publisher=TV2 Danmark|date=17 October 2016}}</ref>
-|{{flag|Germany}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2016/9/24/germany-will-take-part-in-the-battle-for-mosul|title=Germany 'will take part in the battle for Mosul'|work=Al-Araby Al-Jadeed (The New Arab)|accessdate=18 October 2016}}</ref>
+|{{flag|Jerman}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2016/9/24/germany-will-take-part-in-the-battle-for-mosul|title=Germany 'will take part in the battle for Mosul'|work=Al-Araby Al-Jadeed (The New Arab)|accessdate=18 October 2016}}</ref>
-|{{flag|Turkey}}<ref name="aj1023"/>
+|{{flag|Turki}}<ref name="aj1023"/>
 }}
 {{flag|Iran}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/layout/set/amphtml/World/Middle-East/2016/1029/What-role-is-Iran-playing-in-the-Mosul-offensive|title=What role is Iran playing in the Mosul offensive? |work=Christian Science Monitor|date=29 October 2016|accessdate=5 November 2016}}</ref><br>{{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} [[Hezbollah]]<ref name="Hezbollah">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/11/hezbollah-fighters-train-iraqi-shiite-militants-near-mosul.php|title=Hezbollah fighters train Iraqi Shiite militants near Mosul|publisher= The Long War Journal|author=David Daoud|date=5 November 2016 |accessdate=5 November 2016}}</ref>
 |combatant2='''{{Flag|Negara Islam Irak dan Syam|name=Negara Islam|size=23px}} (NIIS)'''
-|commander1={{flagicon image|Flag of Iraq.svg|size=23px}} [[Haidar al-Abadi]]<br><small>(Prime Minister of Iraq)</small><br>{{flagicon|Iraq}} Mayjend. [[Najim Abdullah al-Jubouri]]<br><small>([[Iraqi security forces|ISF]] commander of [[Nineveh Governorate|Nineveh]] Operations)</small><br>{{flagicon|Iraq}} Lt. Gen. Talib Shaghati al-Kenan<br><small>(ICTS director, commander of Joint Military Operation Command)</small><br>{{flagicon|Iraq}} Maj. Gen. [[Fadhil Jalil al-Barwari]]<br><small>(ISOF commander)</small><br>{{flagicon|Iraq}} Maj. Gen. Maan al-Saadi<br><small>(ISOF 2nd Brigade commander)</small><br>{{flagicon|Iraq}} Maj. Gen. Thamer al-Husseini<br><small>(Iraqi police rapid response units commander)</small><br>{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} [[Massoud Barzani]]<br>({{small|President of Iraqi Kurdistan}})<br>{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} Omer Huseyin<ref name="ibt1016">{{cite news|last1=Haddad|first1=Tareq|title='US military has started shelling Mosul' says Peshmerga commander|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/us-military-has-started-shelling-mosul-says-peshmerga-commander-1586650|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=International Business Times|date=16 October 2016}}</ref><br><small>(Peshmerga commander)</small><br>{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} Sabri Kawli{{KIA}}<br>({{small|Brigadier General}})<br>{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} Peshmerga Leo<br>({{small|Peshmerga commander}})<br>{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} Sardar Saleh{{KIA}}<br>({{small|Peshmerga field commander}})<br>{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} Hamed Birmoza{{KIA}}<br>({{small|Peshmerga field commander}})<br>{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} Sait Çürükkaya{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Sait Çürükkaya DAEŞ saldırısında öldü haberi|url=http://www.sonhaberler.com/ortadogu/sait-curukkaya-daes-saldirisinda-oldu-h177635.html|accessdate=5 November 2016|work=www.sonhaberler.com|date=30 October 2016}}</ref><br>({{small|Peshmerga field commander}})<br>[[File:Popular Mobilization Forces (Iraq) logo.jpg|18px]] [[Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis]]<ref name="multiple fronts"/><br>({{small|Head of the Popular Mobilization forces}})<br>[[File:Popular Mobilization Forces (Iraq) logo.jpg|18px]] {{flagicon image|Badr Organisation Military flag.svg|size=23px}} [[Hadi Al-Amiri]]<ref name="multiple fronts"/><br>({{small|Head of the Badr Organization}})<br>[[File:Popular Mobilization Forces (Iraq) logo.jpg|18px]] [[Abu Azrael]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/11/abu-azrael-spotted-during-pmfs-mosul-operation.php|title=Abu Azrael spotted during PMF’s Mosul operation|publisher=The Long War Journal|author1=Amir Toumaj|date=4 November 2016|accessdate=5 November 2016}}</ref><br>({{small|Kata'ib al-Imam Ali commander}})<br>[[File:Popular Mobilization Forces (Iraq) logo.jpg|18px]] {{flagicon image|Shabak Flag.jpg|size=22px}} Muhammad Jassim al-Bayati{{KIA}}<br>({{small|[[Shabak Militia|Quwwat Sahl Ninawa]] field commander}})<br>
+|commander1={{flagicon image|Flag of Iraq.svg|size=23px}} [[Haidar al-Abadi]]<br><small>(Perdana Menteri Irak)</small><br>{{flagicon|Iraq}} Mayjend. [[Najim Abdullah al-Jubouri]]<br><small>(Komandan [[Pasukan keamanan Irak|ISF]] Operasi [[Kegubernuran Ninawa|Ninawa]])</small><br>{{flagicon|Iraq}} Letjend. Talib Shaghati al-Kenan<br><small>(Direktur ICTS, Komandan Operasi Komando Pasukan Militer Gabungan)</small><br>{{flagicon|Iraq}} Mayjend. [[Fadhil Jalil al-Barwari]]<br><small>(Komandan ISOF)</small><br>{{flagicon|Iraq}} Mayjend. Maan as-Saadi<br><small>(Komandan Brigade ke-2 ISOF)</small><br>{{flagicon|Iraq}} Mayjend. Thamer al-Husseini<br><small>(Komandan unit cepat tanggap Polisi Irak)</small><br>{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} [[Massoud Barzani]]<br>({{small|Presiden Kurdistan Irak}})<br>{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} Omer Huseyin<ref name="ibt1016">{{cite news|last1=Haddad|first1=Tareq|title='US military has started shelling Mosul' says Peshmerga commander|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/us-military-has-started-shelling-mosul-says-peshmerga-commander-1586650|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=International Business Times|date=16 October 2016}}</ref><br><small>(Komandan Peshmerga)</small><br>{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} Sabri Kawli{{KIA}}<br>({{small|Brigadir Jenderal}})<br>{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} Peshmerga Leo<br>({{small|Komandan Peshmerga}})<br>{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} Sardar Saleh{{KIA}}<br>({{small|Komandan Lapangan Peshmerga}})<br>{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} Hamed Birmoza{{KIA}}<br>({{small|Komandan Lapangan Peshmerga}})<br>{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} Sait Çürükkaya{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Sait Çürükkaya DAEŞ saldırısında öldü haberi|url=http://www.sonhaberler.com/ortadogu/sait-curukkaya-daes-saldirisinda-oldu-h177635.html|accessdate=5 November 2016|work=www.sonhaberler.com|date=30 October 2016}}</ref><br>({{small|Komandan Lapangan Peshmerga}})<br>[[Berkas:Popular Mobilization Forces (Iraq) logo.jpg|18px]] [[Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis]]<ref name="multiple fronts"/><br>({{small|Kepala Pasukan Mobilisasi Umum}})<br>[[Berkas:Popular Mobilization Forces (Iraq) logo.jpg|18px]] {{flagicon image|Badr Organisation Military flag.svg|size=23px}} [[Hadi Al-Amiri]]<ref name="multiple fronts"/><br>({{small|Kepala Organisasi Badar}})<br>[[Berkas:Popular Mobilization Forces (Iraq) logo.jpg|18px]] [[Abu Azrael]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/11/abu-azrael-spotted-during-pmfs-mosul-operation.php|title=Abu Azrael spotted during PMF’s Mosul operation|publisher=The Long War Journal|author1=Amir Toumaj|date=4 November 2016|accessdate=5 November 2016}}</ref><br>({{small|Komandan Kata'ib al-Imam Ali}})<br>[[Berkas:Popular Mobilization Forces (Iraq) logo.jpg|18px]] {{flagicon image|Shabak Flag.jpg|size=22px}} Muhammad Jassim al-Bayati{{KIA}}<br>({{small|Komandan Lapangan [[Wajib Militer Shabak|Quwwat Sahl Ninawa]]}})<br>
-{{flagicon|United States}} [[Lieutenant general (United States)|Lt. Gen.]] [[Stephen J. Townsend]]<br><small>([[Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve|CJTF-OIR]] commander)</small><br>{{flagicon|United States}} Maj. Gen. [[Gary J. Volesky]]<br><small>(Commander of CJTF Land Component Command)</small><br>{{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} Muhammad Kawarithmi<ref name="Hezbollah" /><br>({{small|Hezbollah commander of Iraqi operations}})
+{{flagicon|United States}} [[Letnan jenderal (Amerika Serikat)|Letjend.]] [[Stephen J. Townsend]]<br><small>(Komandan[[Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve|CJTF-OIR]])</small><br>{{flagicon|United States}} Mayjend. [[Gary J. Volesky]]<br><small>(Komandan Komponen Darat CJTF)</small><br>{{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} Muhammad Kawarithmi<ref name="Hezbollah" /><br>({{small|Komandan Hezbollah untuk operasi Iraq}})
-|commander2={{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]]<br><small>(Leader of ISIL)</small><br>{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} Aziz Ali{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/airstrike-kills-senior-isis-leader-killed-tel-al-sheer-village-nineveh/|title=Airstrike kills senior ISIS leader killed in Tel al-Sheer village, Nineveh|publisher=Iraqi News|date=20 October 2016|accessdate=21 October 2016}}</ref><br><small>(Senior commander)</small><br>{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} Aymam al-Mosuli{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Report-ISIS-Rambo-killed-in-battle-south-of-Mosul-471023/|title=Report: ISIS 'Rambo' killed in battle south of Mosul|publisher=Jerusalem Post|date=27 October 2016|accessdate=29 October 2016}}</ref><br><small>(Commander of special security forces)</small><br>{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} Abu Faruq{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Turkish and Kurdish soldiers join forces to gain advantage in Mosul push|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/23/mosul-offensive-turkish-and-kurdish-forces-launch-attacks-on-isis|publisher=The Guardian}}</ref><br><small>(Commander of Bashiqa)</small><br>{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} Abu Yakoub{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Senior ISIS official killed in al-Shallalat district of Mosul|url=http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/senior-isis-official-killed-west-coast-mosul/|accessdate=2 November 2016|work=Iraqi News|date=1 November 2016}}</ref><br><small>(Operations official)</small> <br>{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} Abu Hamza al-Ansari{{KIA}}<ref name="ansari">{{cite news|title=ISIS leader reported dead in Mosul; Kurdish official says residents rising up|url=http://rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/061120168|accessdate=6 November 2016|publisher=Rudaw Media Network|date=6 November 2016}}</ref><br><small>(Senior leader)</small><br>{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} Abu Maryam{{KIA}}<ref name="rudaw1107"/> <br><small>(Senior commander for Baghdad and Diyala Vilayet)</small><br>{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} Mahmoud Shukri al-Nuaimi{{KIA}}<ref name="cnn1111">{{cite news|last1=McKirdy|first1=Euan|last2=Tawfeeq|first2=Mohammed|last3=Formanek|first3=Ingrid|title=Sources: Top ISIS commander killed in Mosul|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/10/middleeast/iraq-mosul-offensive/|accessdate=11 November 2016|publisher=CNN|date=11 November 2016}}</ref> <br><small>("Sheikh Faris"; senior commander)</small>
+|commander2={{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]]<br><small>(Pemimpin NIIS)</small><br>{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} Aziz Ali{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/airstrike-kills-senior-isis-leader-killed-tel-al-sheer-village-nineveh/|title=Airstrike kills senior ISIS leader killed in Tel al-Sheer village, Nineveh|publisher=Iraqi News|date=20 October 2016|accessdate=21 October 2016}}</ref><br><small>(Komandan senior)</small><br>{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} Aymam al-Mosuli{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Report-ISIS-Rambo-killed-in-battle-south-of-Mosul-471023/|title=Report: ISIS 'Rambo' killed in battle south of Mosul|publisher=Jerusalem Post|date=27 October 2016|accessdate=29 October 2016}}</ref><br><small>(Komandan pasukan keamanan khusus)</small><br>{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} Abu Faruq{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Turkish and Kurdish soldiers join forces to gain advantage in Mosul push|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/23/mosul-offensive-turkish-and-kurdish-forces-launch-attacks-on-isis|publisher=The Guardian}}</ref><br><small>(Komandan Bashiqa)</small><br>{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} Abu Yakoub{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Senior ISIS official killed in al-Shallalat district of Mosul|url=http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/senior-isis-official-killed-west-coast-mosul/|accessdate=2 November 2016|work=Iraqi News|date=1 November 2016}}</ref><br><small>(Operasi resmi)</small> <br>{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} Abu Hamza al-Ansari{{KIA}}<ref name="ansari">{{cite news|title=ISIS leader reported dead in Mosul; Kurdish official says residents rising up|url=http://rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/061120168|accessdate=6 November 2016|publisher=Rudaw Media Network|date=6 November 2016}}</ref><br><small>(Pemimpin senior)</small><br>{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} Abu Maryam{{KIA}}<ref name="rudaw1107"/> <br><small>(Komandan Senior untuk Baghdad dan Wilayah Diyala)</small><br>{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} Mahmoud Shukri al-Nuaimi{{KIA}}<ref name="cnn1111">{{cite news|last1=McKirdy|first1=Euan|last2=Tawfeeq|first2=Mohammed|last3=Formanek|first3=Ingrid|title=Sources: Top ISIS commander killed in Mosul|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/10/middleeast/iraq-mosul-offensive/|accessdate=11 November 2016|publisher=CNN|date=11 November 2016}}</ref> <br><small>("Syaikh Faris"; komandan senior)</small>
 |units1=
 '''Iraq''':<br>
-[[Iraqi Security Forces]]
+[[Pasukan Keamanan Irak]]
 * [[Angkatan Bersenjata Irak]]
-** {{flagicon image|Iraqi Ground Forces Flag.svg}} [[Iraqi Army|Army]]
+** {{flagicon image|Iraqi Ground Forces Flag.svg}} [[Angkatan Darat Irak|Angkatan Darat]]
-*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the 1st Division (Iraq).svg}} [[1st Division (Iraq)|1st Division]]<ref name="multiple fronts">{{cite web|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/10/mosul-operation-iraq-nineveh.html|title=Anti-IS troops are gaining ground on multiple fronts in Iraq|work=Al-Monitor|author=Muhannad al-Ghazi|date=25 October 2016|accessdate=1 November 2016}}</ref>
+*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the 1st Division (Iraq).svg}} [[Divisi ke-1 (Irak)|Divisi ke-1]]<ref name="multiple fronts">{{cite web|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/10/mosul-operation-iraq-nineveh.html|title=Anti-IS troops are gaining ground on multiple fronts in Iraq|work=Al-Monitor|author=Muhannad al-Ghazi|date=25 October 2016|accessdate=1 November 2016}}</ref>
-*** [[9th Division (Iraq)|9th Armoured Division]]<ref name="multiple fronts" />
+*** [[Divisi ke-9 (Irak)|Divisi Angkatan Darat ke-9]]<ref name="multiple fronts" />
-*** 15th Division<ref name="multiple fronts" />
+*** Divisi ke-15<ref name="multiple fronts" />
-*** 16th Division<ref name="multiple fronts" />
+*** Divisi ke-16<ref name="multiple fronts" />
-** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Iraqi Air Force.svg}} [[Iraqi Air Force|Air Force]]
+** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Iraqi Air Force.svg}} [[Angkatan Udara Irak|Angkatan Udara]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Iraqi Counter Terrorism Bureau.svg}} Counter-Terrorism Service
-** {{flagicon image|Special Operations Iraq Flag.svg}} [[Iraqi Special Operations Forces|ISOF]]
+** {{flagicon image|Special Operations Iraq Flag.svg}} [[Angkatan Operasi Khusus Irak|ISOF]]
-*** 1st Special Operations Brigade ("Golden Division")
+*** Brigade Operasi Khusus Ke-1 ("Divisi Emas")
+*** Brigade Operasi Khusus Ke-2
-*** 2nd Special Operations Brigade
-* {{flagicon image|Iraqi Federal Police Flag.svg}} [[Iraqi Police|Federal Police]]
+* {{flagicon image|Iraqi Federal Police Flag.svg}} [[Polisi Irak|Polisi Federal]]
-[[File:Popular Mobilization Forces (Iraq) logo.jpg|18px]] [[Popular Mobilization Forces]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Iraqi Army makes final preparations for massive offensive|date=10 September 2016|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iraqi-army-makes-final-preparations-massive-offensive/|accessdate=10 September 2016}}</ref>
+[[Berkas:Popular Mobilization Forces (Iraq) logo.jpg|18px]] [[Angkatan Mobilisasi Umum]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Iraqi Army makes final preparations for massive offensive|date=10 September 2016|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iraqi-army-makes-final-preparations-massive-offensive/|accessdate=10 September 2016|archive-date=2018-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106044702/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iraqi-army-makes-final-preparations-massive-offensive/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
-* {{flagicon image|Badr Organisation Military flag.svg|size=23px}} [[Badr Organization]]<ref name="PMF cut off">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/11/iraqi-popular-mobilization-forces-attempt-to-cut-off-islamic-state-in-mosul.php|title=Iraqi PMF attempts to cut off Islamic State in Mosul|publisher=The Long War Journal|author1=Amir Toumaj|date=4 November 2016|accessdate=5 November 2016}}</ref>
+* {{flagicon image|Badr Organisation Military flag.svg|size=23px}} [[Organisasi Badar]]<ref name="PMF cut off">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/11/iraqi-popular-mobilization-forces-attempt-to-cut-off-islamic-state-in-mosul.php|title=Iraqi PMF attempts to cut off Islamic State in Mosul|publisher=The Long War Journal|author1=Amir Toumaj|date=4 November 2016|accessdate=5 November 2016}}</ref>
 * [[Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq]]<ref name="PMF cut off" />
-* [[Peace Companies]]
+* [[Tentara Mahdi]]
 * {{flagicon image|Kata'ib Hezbollah flag.svg}} [[Kata'ib Hezbollah]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/10/hezbollah-brigades-rushes-troops-to-mosul-fight.php |title= Hezbollah Brigades hurries troops to Mosul fight |publisher= The Long War Journal |author2= Caleb Weiss |author1= Bill Roggio |date= 28 October 2016 |accessdate=31 October 2016}}</ref>
 * Saraya Ashura<ref name="PMF cut off" />
@@ Baris 57: / Baris 58: @@
 * [[Kata'ib al-Imam Ali]]<ref name="PMF cut off" />
 * {{flagicon image|Nujabaimage.jpg}} [[Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba]]<ref name="PMF cut off" />
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of Iraq Turkmen Front.svg|size=22px|border=}} [[Turkmen Brigades (PMU)|Turkmen Brigades]]<ref>[http://www.tasnimnews.com/ar/news/2016/10/20/1216412/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84-%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8D-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7] اردوغان ارسل جيشه الى العراق تجنبا لانقلاب ثانٍ.. لا حاجة للتركمان بتركيا</ref>
+* {{flagicon image|Flag of Iraq Turkmen Front.svg|size=22px|border=}} [[Brigade Turkmen (PMU)|Brigade Turkmen]]<ref>[http://www.tasnimnews.com/ar/news/2016/10/20/1216412/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84-%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8D-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7] اردوغان ارسل جيشه الى العراق تجنبا لانقلاب ثانٍ.. لا حاجة للتركمان بتركيا</ref>
-** 16th Brigade
+** Brigade ke-16th Brigade
-** 52nd Brigade
+** Brigade ke-52
-** 92nd Brigade
+** Brigadr ke-92
-** Brigade of Imam Hussein
+** Brigade Imam Husain
 * {{flagicon image|Shabak Flag.jpg|size=22px|border=}} [[Shabak Militia|Quwwat Sahl Ninawa]]
-* [[File:Emblem of the Nineveh Plain Protection Units.svg|18px]] [[Nineveh Plain Protection Units]]
+* [[Berkas:Emblem of the Nineveh Plain Protection Units.svg|18px]] [[Unit Perlindungan Dataran Ninawa]]
-** {{flagicon image|Flag of Assyria.svg}} Nineveh Plain Forces<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.syriacsnews.com/npf-declaring-participation-mosul-offensive/|title=NPF declaring their participation to Mosul offensive|publisher=Syriac International News Agency|date=18 October 2016|accessdate=18 October 2016}}</ref>
+** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Assyrians.svg}} Tentara Daratan Ninawa<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.syriacsnews.com/npf-declaring-participation-mosul-offensive/|title=NPF declaring their participation to Mosul offensive|publisher=Syriac International News Agency|date=18 October 2016|accessdate=18 October 2016}}</ref>
-'''Iraqi Kurdistan''':<br>
+'''Kurdistan Irak''':<br>
 {{flagicon|Kurdistan}} [[Peshmerga]]<br>
-{{flagicon image|Flag of YBŞ.svg|border=}} [[Sinjar Resistance Units|Sinjar Resistance]] (YBŞ)
+{{flagicon image|Flag of YBŞ.svg|border=}} [[Satuan Perlawanan Sinjar|Perlawanan Sinjar]] (YBŞ)
-|units2= [[Military of ISIL]]
+|units2= [[Aktivitas Militer NIIS|Militer NIIS]]
-* [[ISIL territorial claims|Wilayat al-Jazeera]]
+* [[Klaim teritorial ISIL|Wilayah al-Jazeera]]
-* Caliphate Cubs<ref name="commander Raqqa">{{cite news|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=53197|title=IS commanders reach al-Raqqa province coming from Iraq|publisher=SOHR|date=25 October 2016|accessdate=25 October 2016}}</ref>
+* Kekhalifahan Baru<ref name="commander Raqqa">{{cite news|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=53197|title=IS commanders reach al-Raqqa province coming from Iraq|publisher=SOHR|date=25 October 2016|accessdate=25 October 2016}}</ref>
-|strength1={{flagicon|Iraq}} 54,000–60,000 ISF troops<ref name="cnn1017">{{cite news|last1=Walsh|first1=Nick Paton|last2=Blau|first2=Max|last3=Park|first3=Madison|last4=McLaughlin|first4=Eliott C.|title=Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces inflict 'heavy losses'|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/17/middleeast/mosul-isis-operation-begins-iraq/index.html|accessdate=17 October 2016|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=17 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="ptv"/><br>14,000 paramilitary troops<ref name="cnn1017"/><br/>
+|strength1={{flagicon|Iraq}} 54.000–60.000 pasukan ISF<ref name="cnn1017">{{cite news|last1=Walsh|first1=Nick Paton|last2=Blau|first2=Max|last3=Park|first3=Madison|last4=McLaughlin|first4=Eliott C.|title=Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces inflict 'heavy losses'|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/17/middleeast/mosul-isis-operation-begins-iraq/index.html|accessdate=17 October 2016|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=17 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="ptv"/><br>14.000 pasukan militer <ref name="cnn1017"/><br/>
-{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} 40,000 Peshmerga troops<ref name="cnn1017"/><br/>'''Support:'''<br>{{flagicon image|Inherent Resolve.jpg|size=25px|border=no}} Hundreds of CJTF–OIR personnel<br>{{flagicon|Turkey}} 500–2,000 troops<ref name="TurkeyKurdsPush">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/23/mosul-offensive-turkish-and-kurdish-forces-launch-attacks-on-isis|title=Turkish and Kurdish soldiers join forces to gain advantage in Mosul push|publisher=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="MathieuKodmani1016"/>
+{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} 40.000 pasukan Peshmerga<ref name="cnn1017"/><br/>'''Support:'''<br>{{flagicon image|Seal of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.svg|size=25px|border=no}} Ratusan personel CJTF–OIR <br>{{flagicon|Turkey}} 500–2.000 pasukan<ref name="TurkeyKurdsPush">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/23/mosul-offensive-turkish-and-kurdish-forces-launch-attacks-on-isis|title=Turkish and Kurdish soldiers join forces to gain advantage in Mosul push|publisher=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="MathieuKodmani1016"/>
-|strength2= 4,000–9,000 militants (1,000 foreigners)<ref name="lemonde1017">{{cite news|title=Irak : l'opération pour reprendre Mossoul des mains de l'EI est lancée|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/proche-orient/article/2016/10/17/irak-debut-de-l-operation-pour-reprendre-mossoul-des-mains-de-l-ei_5014713_3218.html|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=[[Le Monde]]|date=17 October 2016|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/26/world/will-isis-leaders-escape-mosul-bergen/index.html|title=ISIS leaders may flee Mosul as their ranks are decimated|first=Peter Bergen, CNN National Security|last=Analyst|work=cnn.com|accessdate=27 October 2016}}</ref>
+|strength2= 4.000–9.000 militan (1.000 asing)<ref name="lemonde1017">{{cite news|title=Irak : l'opération pour reprendre Mossoul des mains de l'EI est lancée|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/proche-orient/article/2016/10/17/irak-debut-de-l-operation-pour-reprendre-mossoul-des-mains-de-l-ei_5014713_3218.html|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=[[Le Monde]]|date=17 October 2016|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/26/world/will-isis-leaders-escape-mosul-bergen/index.html|title=ISIS leaders may flee Mosul as their ranks are decimated|first=Peter Bergen, CNN National Security|last=Analyst|work=cnn.com|accessdate=27 October 2016}}</ref>
-|casualties1={{flagicon|Iraq}} 83 killed, 255 wounded<ref name="trickling">{{cite web|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/afp/2016/10/iraq-conflict-mosul-us-is.html|title=IS trickling out of Mosul as losses mount: US general|first=|last=|work=AFP|accessdate=27 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/31/middleeast/mosul-isis-scene/index.html|title=Battle for Mosul: ISIS strikes, kills at dusk|first=Nick Paton Walsh, Ghazi Balkiz and Scott McWhinnie|last=CNN|work=cnn.com|accessdate=1 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/f9af3b07da29424e8fded83b38d6414e/casualties-mount-iraqis-press-deeper-held-mosul|title=Casualties mount as Iraqis press deeper into IS-held Mosul|publisher=}}</ref><br>
+|casualties1={{flagicon|Iraq}} 83 terbunuh, 255 terluka<ref name="trickling">{{cite web|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/afp/2016/10/iraq-conflict-mosul-us-is.html|title=IS trickling out of Mosul as losses mount: US general|first=|last=|work=AFP|accessdate=27 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/31/middleeast/mosul-isis-scene/index.html|title=Battle for Mosul: ISIS strikes, kills at dusk|first=Nick Paton Walsh, Ghazi Balkiz and Scott McWhinnie|last=CNN|work=cnn.com|accessdate=1 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/f9af3b07da29424e8fded83b38d6414e/casualties-mount-iraqis-press-deeper-held-mosul|title=Casualties mount as Iraqis press deeper into IS-held Mosul|publisher=|access-date=2016-11-12|archive-date=2016-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108150029/http://www.bigstory.ap.org/article/f9af3b07da29424e8fded83b38d6414e/casualties-mount-iraqis-press-deeper-held-mosul|dead-url=yes}}</ref><br>
-{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} 30 killed, 70–100 wounded<ref name="trickling"/><br>
+{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} 30 terbunuh, 70–100 terluka<ref name="trickling"/><br>
-{{flagicon|United States}} 1 killed<ref>{{cite news|title=First US Service Member Killed In Mosul Offensive|url=http://www.military.com/daily-news/2016/10/20/us-service-member-killed-in-bomb-blast-in-iraq.html|accessdate=20 October 2016|agency=Military.com|date=20 October 2016}}</ref><br>
+{{flagicon|United States}} 1 terbunuh<ref>{{cite news|title=First US Service Member Killed In Mosul Offensive|url=http://www.military.com/daily-news/2016/10/20/us-service-member-killed-in-bomb-blast-in-iraq.html|accessdate=20 October 2016|agency=Military.com|date=20 October 2016}}</ref><br>
-[[Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order|Naqshibandi Army]]: 30 captured<ref name="Naqshabandi - Al-Quds Al-Arabi">{{cite web|title=تنظيم الدولة يعتقل خلايا تابعة لحزب البعث أثناء محاولتها تنفيذ هجمات ضده بالتزامن مع انطلاق عملية استعادة الموصل|url=http://www.alquds.co.uk/?p=616382|website=Al-Quds Al-Arabi|accessdate=20 October 2016|language=Arabic|date=20 October 2016}}</ref>
+[[Tentara Pria dari Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah|Tentara Naqsyabandiyah]]: 30 ditangkap<ref name="Naqshabandi - Al-Quds Al-Arabi">{{cite web|title=تنظيم الدولة يعتقل خلايا تابعة لحزب البعث أثناء محاولتها تنفيذ هجمات ضده بالتزامن مع انطلاق عملية استعادة الموصل|url=http://www.alquds.co.uk/?p=616382|website=Al-Quds Al-Arabi|accessdate=20 October 2016|language=Arabic|date=20 October 2016}}</ref>
 ----
-+ killed or wounded, 144 armored vehicles destroyed, 1 UAV downed<br>({{small|ISIL claim}})
++ terbunuh atau terluka, 144 kendaraan tentara hancur, 1 UAV dijatuhkan<br>({{small|klaim NIIS}})
-|casualties2=1,365–2,000 killed<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ghoshal|first1=Arkadev|title=BATTLE FOR MOSUL: Iraqi and coalition forces advance as Isis continues its reign of terror|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/battle-mosul-iraqi-coalition-forces-advance-isis-continues-its-reign-terror-703457|accessdate=11 November 2016|work=International Business Times, India Edition|date=10 November 2016|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Iraqi Commander: Battle to Liberate Mosul Killed 2000 ISIL Gunmen So Far|url=http://english.almanar.com.lb/91034|accessdate=7 November 2016|publisher=Al-Manar TV|date=7 November 2016}}</ref><br>({{small|USA and Iraqi claims}})
+|casualties2=1.365–2.000 terbunuh<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ghoshal|first1=Arkadev|title=BATTLE FOR MOSUL: Iraqi and coalition forces advance as Isis continues its reign of terror|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/battle-mosul-iraqi-coalition-forces-advance-isis-continues-its-reign-terror-703457|accessdate=11 November 2016|work=International Business Times, India Edition|date=10 November 2016|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Iraqi Commander: Battle to Liberate Mosul Killed 2000 ISIL Gunmen So Far|url=http://english.almanar.com.lb/91034|accessdate=7 November 2016|publisher=Al-Manar TV|date=7 November 2016}}</ref><br>({{small|klaim AS and Iraq}})
-|casualties3=1,177 people executed (214 former ISF officers).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/u-s-soldier-dies-fight-drive-isis-iraq-mosul-article-1.2839510|title=ISIS kills 284 villagers in Mosul as Iraq forces close in on city|publisher=}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news|title=ISIS 'executes' 232 near Mosul and takes 'thousands as human shields', UN says|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/28/middleeast/iraq-mosul-isis/index.html|accessdate=28 October 2016|publisher=CNN News|date=28 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/human-rights-commission-isis-executes-100-civilians-mosul/ |title=Human Rights Commission: ISIS executes 100 civilians in Mosul |publisher=Iraqi News |date= |accessdate=2016-10-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/isis-executes-22-persons-electrocution-central-mosul/ |title=ISIS executes 22 persons by electrocution in central Mosul |publisher=Iraqi News |date= |accessdate=2016-10-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author= |url=https://www.google.it/amp/s/amp.tgcom24.mediaset.it/articolo/206/3039206.html |title=Iraq, le forze speciali avanzano: "Siamo entrati a Mosul" &#124; Media: "Nuovo massacro Isis: uccisi 300 civili" - Tgcom24 |website=Google.it |date= |accessdate=2016-11-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/medio-oriente/estado-islamico-asesina-52-jovenes-en-mosul/16741143|title=Grupo Estado Islámico mata a 52 jóvenes en un colegio en Mosul - Medio oriente - El Tiempo|first=Casa Editorial El|last=Tiempo|work=eltiempo.com|accessdate=5 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.sky.com/story/islamic-state-executes-40-civilians-in-mosul-for-treason-says-un-10652922 |title=Islamic State executes 40 civilians in Mosul for treason, says UN |website=News.sky.com |date= |accessdate=2016-11-11}}</ref><ref>http://www.ibtimes.co.in/iraq-isis-killed-crucified-40-people-mosul-helping-iraqi-forces-says-un-703589</ref>  <br>42,000 people displaced<ref>{{cite news|title=42,000 displaced since start of Mosul assault — IOM|url=http://www.jordantimes.com/news/region/42000-displaced-start-mosul-assault-%E2%80%94-iom|accessdate=10 November 2016|work=Jordan Times|date=10 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="unhcr1109">{{cite web|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/20161106%20UNHCR%20Iraq%20Flash%20Update.pdf|title=Mosul Iraq Situation Flash Update|publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|date=6 November 2016|accessdate=7 November 2016}}</ref>
+|casualties3=1.177 orang dieksekusi (214 mantan perwira ISF).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/u-s-soldier-dies-fight-drive-isis-iraq-mosul-article-1.2839510|title=ISIS kills 284 villagers in Mosul as Iraq forces close in on city|publisher=}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news|title=ISIS 'executes' 232 near Mosul and takes 'thousands as human shields', UN says|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/28/middleeast/iraq-mosul-isis/index.html|accessdate=28 October 2016|publisher=CNN News|date=28 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/human-rights-commission-isis-executes-100-civilians-mosul/ |title=Human Rights Commission: ISIS executes 100 civilians in Mosul |publisher=Iraqi News |date= |accessdate=2016-10-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/isis-executes-22-persons-electrocution-central-mosul/ |title=ISIS executes 22 persons by electrocution in central Mosul |publisher=Iraqi News |date= |accessdate=2016-10-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author= |url=https://www.google.it/amp/s/amp.tgcom24.mediaset.it/articolo/206/3039206.html |title=Iraq, le forze speciali avanzano: "Siamo entrati a Mosul" &#124; Media: "Nuovo massacro Isis: uccisi 300 civili" - Tgcom24 |website=Google.it |date= |accessdate=2016-11-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/medio-oriente/estado-islamico-asesina-52-jovenes-en-mosul/16741143|title=Grupo Estado Islámico mata a 52 jóvenes en un colegio en Mosul - Medio oriente - El Tiempo|first=Casa Editorial El|last=Tiempo|work=eltiempo.com|accessdate=5 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.sky.com/story/islamic-state-executes-40-civilians-in-mosul-for-treason-says-un-10652922 |title=Islamic State executes 40 civilians in Mosul for treason, says UN |website=News.sky.com |date= |accessdate=2016-11-11}}</ref><ref>http://www.ibtimes.co.in/iraq-isis-killed-crucified-40-people-mosul-helping-iraqi-forces-says-un-703589</ref>  <br>42.000 orang diungsikan <ref>{{cite news|title=42,000 mengungsi sejak mulainya serangan Mosul — IOM|url=http://www.jordantimes.com/news/region/42000-displaced-start-mosul-assault-%E2%80%94-iom|accessdate=10 November 2016|work=Jordan Times|date=10 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="unhcr1109">{{cite web|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/20161106%20UNHCR%20Iraq%20Flash%20Update.pdf|title=Mosul Iraq Situation Flash Update|publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|date=6 November 2016|accessdate=7 November 2016}}</ref>
 |campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Iraq War (2014–present)}}
 }}
+'''Pertempuran Mosul''' ({{lang-ar|معركة الموصل}}; {{lang-ckb|شەڕی مووسڵ}}) adalah serangan ofensif bersama-sama oleh pasukan pemerintah [[Irak]], milisi [[Kurdistan Irak]] dan didukung oleh pasukan internasional untuk merebut kembali kota [[Mosul]] dari [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam]] (ISIS).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dunford|first1=Daniel|title=Battle for Mosul: UN prepares for aftermath 'chaos'|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-37643228|accessdate=15 October 2016|work=BBC News|date=15 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The Coming Battle for Mosul|url=http://www.nytimes.com//2016/10/15/opinion/the-coming-battle-for-mosul.html|accessdate=15 October 2016|work=The New York Times|date=14 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=von Hein|first1=Matthias|title=Interview: Battle for Mosul likely to lead to power struggle|url=http://www.dw.com/en/interview-battle-for-mosul-likely-to-lead-to-power-struggle/a-36049145|accessdate=15 October 2016|work=Deutsche Welle|date=14 October 2016}}</ref> Serangan militer dalam skala kekuatan bersenjata yang besar ini juga dijuluki sebagai Operasi "'''Ninawa, Kami Datang'''" ({{lang|ar|قادمون يا نينوى}}; ''Qadimun Ya Naynawa''),<ref>{{cite news|title=العبادي يطلق على عمليات تحرير نينوى تسمية "قادمون يا نينوى"  أمن|url=http://www.alsumaria.tv/news/182977/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%89-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A/ar|accessdate=21 October 2016|work=Al Sumaria|date=17 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="atlantic1020">{{cite news|last1=Winter|first1=Charlie|title=How ISIS Is Spinning the Mosul Battle|url=http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/10/isis-mosul-propaganda-iraq-kurds-peshmerga/504854/|accessdate=21 October 2016|work=The Atlantic|date=20 October 2016}}</ref>. Serangan militer ini dimulai pada 16 Oktober 2016 dengan pasukan penyerang mengepung daerah yang dikendalikan ISIS di ibu kota [[Kegubernuran Ninawa]], Mosul.<ref name="bbc1017">{{cite news|title=Battle for Mosul: Iraq and Kurdish troops make gains|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-37679325|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=BBC News|date=17 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="cnn1016">{{cite news|last1=Blau|first1=Max|last2=Park|first2=Madison|last3=McLaughlin|first3=Eliott C. |title=Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces close in|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/17/middleeast/mosul-isis-operation-begins-iraq/index.html|accessdate=17 October 2016|publisher=CNN|date=17 October 2016}}</ref> Pertempuran Mosul dianggap sebagai operasi kunci dalam intervensi militer terhadap ISIS, yang merebut kota itu pada Juni 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Yan|first1=Holly|last2=Muaddi|first2=Nadeem|title=Why the battle for Mosul matters in the fight against ISIS|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/17/middleeast/battle-for-mosul/|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=CNN|date=17 October 2016}}</ref> Ini adalah penyerangan militer yang mengerahkan pasukan dalam jumlah terbesar oleh pasukan Irak sejak [[Invasi Irak 2003]] oleh [[Amerika Serikat|AS]] dan pasukan koalisi.<ref name="dt1017">{{cite news|title=What is the battle for Mosul? Everything you need to know about the fight to liberate Isil's last bastion of power in Iraq|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/10/17/what-is-the-battle-for-mosul-isils-last-bastion-of-power-in-iraq/|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=17 October 2016}}</ref>
-'''Pertempuran Mosul''' ({{lang-ar|معركة الموصل}}) adalah serangan ofensif bersama-sama oleh pasukan pemerintah [[Irak]], milisi [[Kurdistan Irak]] dan didukung oleh pasukan internasional untuk merebut kembali kota [[Mosul]] dari [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam]] (ISIS)<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dunford|first1=Daniel|title=Battle for Mosul: UN prepares for aftermath 'chaos'|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-37643228|accessdate=15 October 2016|work=BBC News|date=15 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The Coming Battle for Mosul|url=http://www.nytimes.com//2016/10/15/opinion/the-coming-battle-for-mosul.html|accessdate=15 October 2016|work=The New York Times|date=14 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=von Hein|first1=Matthias|title=Interview: Battle for Mosul likely to lead to power struggle|url=http://www.dw.com/en/interview-battle-for-mosul-likely-to-lead-to-power-struggle/a-36049145|accessdate=15 October 2016|work=Deutsche Welle|date=14 October 2016}}</ref>. Serangan militer dalam skala kekuatan bersenjata yang besar ini juga dijuluki sebagai Operasi "'''Ninawa, Kami Datang'''" ({{lang|ar|قادمون يا نينوى}}; ''Qadimun Ya Naynawa''),<ref>{{cite news|title=العبادي يطلق على عمليات تحرير نينوى تسمية "قادمون يا نينوى"  أمن|url=http://www.alsumaria.tv/news/182977/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%89-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A/ar|accessdate=21 October 2016|work=Al Sumaria|date=17 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="atlantic1020">{{cite news|last1=Winter|first1=Charlie|title=How ISIS Is Spinning the Mosul Battle|url=http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/10/isis-mosul-propaganda-iraq-kurds-peshmerga/504854/|accessdate=21 October 2016|work=The Atlantic|date=20 October 2016}}</ref>. Serangan militer ini dimulai pada 16 Oktober 2016 dengan pasukan penyerang mengepung daerah yang dikendalikan ISIS di  ibu kota [[Governorat Ninawa]], Mosul.<ref name="bbc1017">{{cite news|title=Battle for Mosul: Iraq and Kurdish troops make gains|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-37679325|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=BBC News|date=17 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="cnn1016">{{cite news|last1=Blau|first1=Max|last2=Park|first2=Madison|last3=McLaughlin|first3=Eliott C. |title=Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces close in|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/17/middleeast/mosul-isis-operation-begins-iraq/index.html|accessdate=17 October 2016|publisher=CNN|date=17 October 2016}}</ref> Pertempuran Mosul dianggap sebagai operasi kunci dalam intervensi militer terhadap ISIS, yang merebut kota itu pada Juni 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Yan|first1=Holly|last2=Muaddi|first2=Nadeem|title=Why the battle for Mosul matters in the fight against ISIS|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/17/middleeast/battle-for-mosul/|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=CNN|date=17 October 2016}}</ref> Ini adalah penyerangan militer yang mengerahkan pasukan dalam jumlah terbesar oleh pasukan Irak sejak [[Invasi Irak 2003]] oleh [[Amerika Serikat|AS]] dan pasukan koalisi.<ref name="dt1017">{{cite news|title=What is the battle for Mosul? Everything you need to know about the fight to liberate Isil's last bastion of power in Iraq|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/10/17/what-is-the-battle-for-mosul-isils-last-bastion-of-power-in-iraq/|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=17 October 2016}}</ref>
 Sebelumnya telah dilakukan Operasi militer terhadap Mosul pada tahun 2015 dan serangan lain atas Mosul pada penghujung oktober 2016. Hingga saat ini diperkirakan 1,5 juta warga sipil hidup di kota terkepung tersebut terdapat kekhawatiran akan terjadinya krisis kemanusiaan yang dihadapi oleh warga sipil yang tertahan di Mosul serta kekhawatiran akan dijadikannya warga sipil sebagai perisai manusia oleh ISIS.<ref name="afp1017">{{cite news|title=Battle for Mosul sparks fears of humanitarian crisis|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/world/2016/10/17/Battle-for-Mosul-sparks-fears-of-humanitarian-crisis|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=Times LIVE|agency=Agence France Press|date=17 October 2016}}</ref>
@@ Baris 93: / Baris 92: @@
 Serangan dimulai dengan gerakan pasukan Irak dan gerilyawan [[Peshmerga]] yang terlibat dalam pertempuran melawan ISIS di luar Mosul, tepatnya dikawasan pedesaan yang awalnya dikendalikan oleh ISIS. Lebih dari dua puluhan desa direbut dari ISIS selama beberapa hari pertama pertempuran. Para pejabat militer Irak mengatakan operasi pengepungan dan penyerangan awal tersebut akan berlangsung selama dua minggu sebelum pasukan koalisi mencapai Mosul dan setidaknya dibutuhkan waktu dua bulan untuk merebut kembali keseluruhan kota Mosul.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chulov|first1=Martin|last2=Borger|first2=Julian|title=Two months to take Mosul from Isis, says Iraqi general|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/18/two-months-to-take-mosul-from-isis-says-iraqi-general|accessdate=21 October 2016|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=19 October 2016}}</ref>
+Pada 9 Juli 2017, Perdana Menteri Irak [[Haider al-Abadi]] menyatakan telah merebut kembali kota Mosul yang sebelumnya dikuasai ISIS, dan pengumuman resminya diumumkan pada keesokan harinya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2017/07/10/iraqi-forces-have-retaken-mosul-u-s-backed-coalition-confirms/465022001/|title=Iraqi forces have fully retaken Mosul, U.S.-backed coalition confirms|work=USA TODAY|access-date=2017-07-10|language=en}}</ref><ref name="formally declares victory">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-40558836|title=Battle for Mosul: Iraq PM Abadi formally declares victory|publisher=BBC News|date=10 July 2017|accessdate=11 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="completely freed">{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/07/10/middleeast/mosul-what-next/index.html|title=Mosul completely freed from ISIS: What's next for the city left in ruins?|publisher=Cable News Network|date=10 July 2017|accessdate=11 July 2017}}</ref>
-==Latar Belakang==
+== Latar Belakang ==
 Mosul adalah kota kedua yang paling padat penduduknya di Irak. Pada bulan Juni 2014 kota tersebut jatuh ketangan ISIS. Dengan sebagian besar penduduk Mosul adalah Muslim Sunni, Mosul jatuh dengan mudah hanya dengan kekalahan yang cukup memalukan pemerintah Irak. Sekitar 800 militan ISIS merebut Mosul dibawah sikap apatis yang mendalam penduduk terhadap pemerintah Irak yang didominasi oleh Syiah dan angkatan bersenjata yang cenderung korup.<ref name="reuters1016">{{cite news|title=Factbox: Once-tolerant Mosul site of Iraq push against Islamic State|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/factbox-once-tolerant-mosul-iraq-push-against-islamic-232623181.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|agency=Reuters|date=16 October 2016}}</ref> Tidak lama setelah keberhasilan ISIS tersebut di Masjid Agung Mosul pemimpin ISIS [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]] menyatakan kelahiran kekhalifahan yang mencakup wilayah Irak dan [[Suriah]].<ref name="reuters1016"/> Populasi awalnya 2,5 juta penduduk telah berkurang hingga menajadi lebih kurang sekitar 1,5 juta penduduk dalam masa dua tahun pemerintahan ISIS. Kota ini pada masa-masa damai pernah sangat beragam, dengan berbagai etnis minoritas termasuk Armenia, Yazidi, Assyria, Turkmen, dan orang-orang Shabak mengalami pengungsian besar-besaran penduduk aslinya ketika di bawah kekuasaan ISIS.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bulos|first1=Nabih|title=The battle in Iraq that could turn the tide against Islamic State: The fight for Mosul is about to begin|url=http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-iraq-mosul-20161002-snap-story.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=2 October 2016}}</ref> Sejak bulan Juni 2014 hingga Oktober 2016 Mosul dipertahankan sebagai benteng terkuat ISIS di Irak.
-Saat Mosul adalah benteng utama terakhir kelompok ISIS di Irak. Para pejabat tinggi Irak mengatakan, jatuhnya kota Mosul akan menandai kekalahan telak ISIS di Irak.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://militaryword.com/isis-city-under-attack-on-iraqi-special-forces|title=ISIS City Under Attack on Iraqi Special Forces - Militaryword.com|last=|first=|date=2016-10-22|work=|newspaper=Militaryword.com|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-29|via=}}</ref>
+Saat Mosul adalah benteng utama terakhir kelompok ISIS di Irak. Para pejabat tinggi Irak mengatakan, jatuhnya kota Mosul akan menandai kekalahan telak ISIS di Irak.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://militaryword.com/isis-city-under-attack-on-iraqi-special-forces|title=ISIS City Under Attack on Iraqi Special Forces - Militaryword.com|last=|first=|date=2016-10-22|work=|newspaper=Militaryword.com|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-29|via=|archive-date=2016-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031092354/http://militaryword.com/isis-city-under-attack-on-iraqi-special-forces|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
-Pada minggu-minggu menjelang serangan, Mosul menjadi sasaran pengeboman udara oleh pasukan koalisi menentang ISIS yang dipimpin AS. Sementara di darat tentara Irak membuat kemajuan bertahap di sekitar kota.<ref name="dt1017"/>. [[MQ-9 Reaper|Reaper Drone]], [[Eurofighter Typhoon|Typhoon]] dan [[Panavia Tornado|Tornado]] milik [[Angkatan Udara Britania Raya|RAF]] menyerang berbagai sasaran ISIS di kota dalam 72 jam selama persiapan serangan darat dilakukan terhadap Mosul dimulai.<ref>{{cite news|title=Isil 'launches suicide attacks' on Kurdish forces in Mosul as bloody battle to retake terror group's Iraq stronghold begins|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/10/17/bloody-battle-to-retake-mosul-begins-as-iraqi-forces-move-to-wip2/|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=17 October 2016}}</ref> Selebaran disebarkan di kota oleh tentara Irak yang menyarankan agar para warga laki-laki muda untuk "bangkit" melawan ISIS ketika pertempuran dimulai.<ref name="nyt1017">{{cite news|last1=Gordon|first1=Michael R.|last2=Arango|first2=Tim|title=Kurdish Troops Advance on ISIS-Held Villages East of Mosul|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/17/world/middleeast/iraq-isis-mosul-battle.html|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=The New York Times|date=17 October 2016}}</ref>
+Pada minggu-minggu menjelang serangan, Mosul menjadi sasaran pengeboman udara oleh pasukan koalisi menentang ISIS yang dipimpin AS. Sementara di darat tentara Irak membuat kemajuan bertahap di sekitar kota.<ref name="dt1017"/> [[MQ-9 Reaper|Reaper Drone]], [[Eurofighter Typhoon|Typhoon]] dan [[Panavia Tornado|Tornado]] milik [[Angkatan Udara Britania Raya|RAF]] menyerang berbagai sasaran ISIS di kota dalam 72 jam selama persiapan serangan darat dilakukan terhadap Mosul dimulai.<ref>{{cite news|title=Isil 'launches suicide attacks' on Kurdish forces in Mosul as bloody battle to retake terror group's Iraq stronghold begins|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/10/17/bloody-battle-to-retake-mosul-begins-as-iraqi-forces-move-to-wip2/|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=17 October 2016}}</ref> Selebaran disebarkan di kota oleh tentara Irak yang menyarankan agar para warga laki-laki muda untuk "bangkit" melawan ISIS ketika pertempuran dimulai.<ref name="nyt1017">{{cite news|last1=Gordon|first1=Michael R.|last2=Arango|first2=Tim|title=Kurdish Troops Advance on ISIS-Held Villages East of Mosul|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/17/world/middleeast/iraq-isis-mosul-battle.html|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=The New York Times|date=17 October 2016}}</ref>
-Untuk mempertahankan diri dari serangan koalisi, ISIS telah menggali parit-parit diseluruh kota yang dialiri dengan minyak dan membakarnya guna mengurangi jarak pandang<ref name="dt1017"/> dan memperlambat gerakan maju pasukan penyerang<ref name="ptv">{{cite web|url=http://www.presstv.com/Detail/2016/10/17/489433/Iraq-Mosul-five-villages|title=PressTV-LIVE UPDATE: Final push to retake Mosul|work=presstv.com|accessdate=17 October 2016}}</ref>
+Untuk mempertahankan diri dari serangan koalisi, ISIS telah menggali parit-parit diseluruh kota yang dialiri dengan minyak dan membakarnya guna mengurangi jarak pandang<ref name="dt1017"/> dan memperlambat gerakan maju pasukan penyerang<ref name="ptv">{{cite web|url=http://www.presstv.com/Detail/2016/10/17/489433/Iraq-Mosul-five-villages|title=PressTV-LIVE UPDATE: Final push to retake Mosul|work=presstv.com|accessdate=17 October 2016|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226080431/https://www.presstv.com/Detail/2016/10/17/489433/Iraq-Mosul-five-villages|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
-==Kekuatan Tempur==
+== Kekuatan Tempur ==
+[[Berkas:Peshmerga soldiers prepare to conduct a combined arms live-fire exercise near Erbil, Iraq.jpg|left|thumb|Tentara [[Peshmerga]] bersiap untuk melakukan latihan gabungan tembakan langsung dengan senjata dengan seorang instruktur Italia di dekat [[Arbil]], pada 12 Oktober 2016.]]
-Departemen Pertahanan Amerika Serikat memperkirakan sekitar 3.000-5.000 pejuang ISIS berada di Mosul<ref>{{cite AV media | people = Peter Cook, various reporters | date = 17 October 2016 | title = Defense Department Briefing | url = https://www.c-span.org/video/?417070-1/peter-cook-briefs-reporters-military-operations-mosul | access-date = 17 October 2016 | time =  23:02 | location = Arlington, Virginia, United States | publisher = [[C-SPAN]] | quote = The estimate [of ISL fighters in Mosul] I've seen was… 3,000 to 5,000… We've seen other numbers that are higher.}}</ref>. perkiraan lain menyebutkan sedikitnya 2.000 hingga paling banyak 9.000 pejuang ISIS yang bertahan di Mosul<ref name="lemonde1017">{{cite news|title=Irak : l'opération pour reprendre Mossoul des mains de l'EI est lancée|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/proche-orient/article/2016/10/17/irak-debut-de-l-operation-pour-reprendre-mossoul-des-mains-de-l-ei_5014713_3218.html|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=[[Le Monde]]|date=17 October 2016|language=}}</ref>. ''[[Mosul Eye]]'', sebuah blog yang melaporkan perkembangan terbaru dari Mosul menyebutkan angka 8.000-9.000 petempur yang bersumpah setia kepada ISIS yang kini mempertahankan Mosul dengan tambahan keterangan bahwa separuh dari petempur ISIS ini adalah personil yang sangat terlatih dan separuh lainnya adalah terdiri dari remaja belasan tahun yang tidak terlatih. Lebih lanjut disebutkan bahwa sebanyak 10 persen diantara petempur ISIS merupakan petempur asing (Arab dan Non-Arab) dan sisanya adalah warga asli Irak yang berasal dari hampir seluruh Governorat Ninawa<ref name="auto1">{{cite news |last=Wright |first=Robin |date=27 October 2016 |title=The Secret Eye Inside Mosul |url=http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-secret-eye-inside-mosul |newspaper=The New Yorker |access-date=29 October 2016 }}</ref>.
+Departemen Pertahanan Amerika Serikat memperkirakan sekitar 3.000-5.000 pejuang ISIS berada di Mosul.<ref>{{cite AV media | people = Peter Cook, various reporters | date = 17 October 2016 | title = Defense Department Briefing | url = https://www.c-span.org/video/?417070-1/peter-cook-briefs-reporters-military-operations-mosul | access-date = 17 October 2016 | time =  23:02 | location = Arlington, Virginia, United States | publisher = [[C-SPAN]] | quote = The estimate [of ISL fighters in Mosul] I've seen was… 3,000 to 5,000… We've seen other numbers that are higher.}}</ref> perkiraan lain menyebutkan sedikitnya 2.000 hingga paling banyak 9.000 pejuang ISIS yang bertahan di Mosul.<ref name="lemonde1017">{{cite news|title=Irak : l'opération pour reprendre Mossoul des mains de l'EI est lancée|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/proche-orient/article/2016/10/17/irak-debut-de-l-operation-pour-reprendre-mossoul-des-mains-de-l-ei_5014713_3218.html|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=[[Le Monde]]|date=17 October 2016|language=}}</ref> ''[[Mosul Eye]]'', sebuah blog yang melaporkan perkembangan terbaru dari Mosul menyebutkan angka 8.000-9.000 petempur yang bersumpah setia kepada ISIS yang kini mempertahankan Mosul dengan tambahan keterangan bahwa separuh dari petempur ISIS ini adalah personil yang sangat terlatih dan separuh lainnya adalah terdiri dari remaja belasan tahun yang tidak terlatih. Lebih lanjut disebutkan bahwa sebanyak 10 persen di antara petempur ISIS merupakan petempur asing (Arab dan Non-Arab) dan sisanya adalah warga asli Irak yang berasal dari hampir seluruh Governorat Ninawa.<ref name="auto1">{{cite news |last=Wright |first=Robin |date=27 October 2016 |title=The Secret Eye Inside Mosul |url=http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-secret-eye-inside-mosul |newspaper=The New Yorker |access-date=29 October 2016 }}</ref>
-Dipihak penyerang CNN memperkirakan setidaknya terdapat 94.000 orang kekuatan Koalisi yang dipimpin oleh pasukan pemerintah Irak<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/17/middleeast/mosul-isis-operation-begins-iraq/|title=Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces inflict 'heavy losses' on ISIS |last1=Walsh |first1=Nick |last2=Blau |first2=Max|last3=Grinberg|first3=Emanuella |last4=Hume|first4=Tim |date=17 October 2016 |website= CNN |access-date=17 October 2016|time =20:02}}</ref>. tetapi jumlah ini kemudian direvisi naik menjadi 108.500 orang <ref>{{cite news |last=Hume |first=Tim |date=25 October 2016 |title=Battle for Mosul: How ISIS is fighting to keep its Iraqi stronghold |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/24/middleeast/iraq-mosul-isis-tactics/ |newspaper=CNN |access-date=29 October 2016 }}</ref>, terdiri dari 54,000 hingga 60,000 pasukan angkatan bersenjata Irak, 16.000 pejuang paramiliter dan 40.000 Peshmerga dikerahkan dalam pertempuran<ref name="cnn1017">{{cite news|last1=Walsh|first1=Nick Paton|last2=Blau|first2=Max|last3=Park|first3=Madison|last4=McLaughlin|first4=Eliott C.|title=Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces inflict 'heavy losses'|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/17/middleeast/mosul-isis-operation-begins-iraq/index.html|accessdate=17 October 2016|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=17 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="ptv"/>. Paramiliter Kristen Niniwe yang terdiri dari orang-orang Asyur dan  Katolik Kaldea ikut mengisi kekuatan koalisi Irak<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lodge|first1=Carey|title=Christian Forces Will 'Fight Relentlessly' To Free Mosul From ISIS|url=http://www.christiantoday.com/article/christian.forces.will.fight.relentlessly.to.free.mosul.from.isis/98274.htm|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=Christian Today|date=18 October 2016}}</ref>. Turut pula mengambil bagian dalam  koalisi Irak adalah pasukan paramiliter Syiah yang didukung [[Iran]] terdiri dari milisi ''Hashd Al-Sha'abi'', [[Tentara Mahdi]], ''Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq'' dan [[Organisasi Badar]]<ref name="lobs1017">{{cite news|title=Bataille de Mossoul : qui participe à la reconquête ?|url=http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/monde/20161017.OBS9927/bataille-de-mossoul-qui-participe-a-la-reconquete.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=L'Observer|date=17 October 2016|language=fr-FR}}</ref>.
+Di pihak penyerang, CNN memperkirakan setidaknya terdapat 94.000 orang kekuatan Koalisi yang dipimpin oleh pasukan pemerintah Irak.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/17/middleeast/mosul-isis-operation-begins-iraq/|title=Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces inflict 'heavy losses' on ISIS |last1=Walsh |first1=Nick |last2=Blau |first2=Max|last3=Grinberg|first3=Emanuella |last4=Hume|first4=Tim |date=17 October 2016 |website= CNN |access-date=17 October 2016|time =20:02}}</ref> tetapi jumlah ini kemudian direvisi naik menjadi 108.500 orang,<ref>{{cite news |last=Hume |first=Tim |date=25 October 2016 |title=Battle for Mosul: How ISIS is fighting to keep its Iraqi stronghold |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/24/middleeast/iraq-mosul-isis-tactics/ |newspaper=CNN |access-date=29 October 2016 }}</ref> terdiri dari 54,000 hingga 60,000 pasukan angkatan bersenjata Irak, 16.000 pejuang paramiliter dan 40.000 Peshmerga dikerahkan dalam pertempuran.<ref name="cnn1017">{{cite news|last1=Walsh|first1=Nick Paton|last2=Blau|first2=Max|last3=Park|first3=Madison|last4=McLaughlin|first4=Eliott C.|title=Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces inflict 'heavy losses'|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/17/middleeast/mosul-isis-operation-begins-iraq/index.html|accessdate=17 October 2016|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=17 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="ptv"/> Paramiliter Kristen Niniwe yang terdiri dari orang-orang Asyur dan Katolik Kaldea ikut mengisi kekuatan koalisi Irak.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lodge|first1=Carey|title=Christian Forces Will 'Fight Relentlessly' To Free Mosul From ISIS|url=http://www.christiantoday.com/article/christian.forces.will.fight.relentlessly.to.free.mosul.from.isis/98274.htm|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=Christian Today|date=18 October 2016}}</ref> Turut pula mengambil bagian dalam koalisi Irak adalah pasukan paramiliter Syiah yang didukung [[Iran]] terdiri dari milisi ''Hashd Al-Sha'abi'', [[Tentara Mahdi]], ''Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq'' dan [[Organisasi Badar]].<ref name="lobs1017">{{cite news|title=Bataille de Mossoul : qui participe à la reconquête ?|url=http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/monde/20161017.OBS9927/bataille-de-mossoul-qui-participe-a-la-reconquete.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=L'Observer|date=17 October 2016|language=fr-FR}}</ref>
-Koalisi internasional yang terdiri dari 60 negara, dipimpin oleh Amerika Serikat mendukung perang Irak melawan ISIS dengan menyediakan logistik dan dukungan udara, intelejen dan penasehat militer<ref>{{cite news|title=Iraq, Syria Make Significant Strides Countering ISIL, Press Secretary|url=http://www.defense.gov/News/Article/Article/976204/iraq-syria-make-significant-strides-countering-isil-press-secretary-says|accessdate=18 October 2016|publisher=U.S. Department of Defense|date=17 October 2016}}</ref>. Dalam operasi tempur merebut kembali Mosul Pasukan koalisi internasional bermarkas 60 kilometer (37 mil) selatan dari Mosul di Pangkalan Udara  Qayyarah Barat yang sebelumnya direbut  dari kekuasan ISIS pada bulan Juni<ref>{{cite news|last1=Forey|first1=Samuel|title=Bataille de Mossoul: reportage à Qayyarah, dans le QG de la coalition|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2016/10/16/01003-20161016ARTFIG00175-qayyarah-dernier-verrou-strategique-avant-mossoul.php|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=Le Figaro|date=16 October 2016|language=fr-FR}}</ref>. Sekitar 560 tentara AS dari Divisi Lintas Udara 101 dikerahkan di markas Qayyarah Barat selama pertempuran, termasuk unsur komando dan pengendali, satu detasemen keamanan, tim operasi lapangan udara, dan logistik dan spesialis komunikasi<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sisk|first1=Richard|title=101st Soldiers Deploying to Bolster Fight Against ISIS in Iraq|url=http://www.military.com/daily-news/2016/08/08/101st-soldiers-deploying-to-bolster-fight-against-isis-in-iraq.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=Military.com|date=8 August 2016|language=en}}</ref>. AS mengerahkan peluncur roket HIMARS dan howitzer M777 yang diawaki oleh Tim Tempur Brigade 2 Divisi 101 dan Golf Company, Batalyon Pendukung Brigade 526. Tentara Perancis mengerahkan empat howitzer CAESAR dan 150 sampai 200 tentara di Qayyarah, Perancis mengumumkan 600 lebih tentara yang akan terlibat dalam koalisi pada akhir September<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chapleau|first1=Philippe|title=Les quatre Caesar de Qayyarah ont déjà donné de la voix|url=http://lignesdedefense.blogs.ouest-france.fr/archive/2016/09/29/les-caesar-de-qayyarak-ont-tonne-les-20-27-et-29-septembre-16885.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=Ouest-France|date=29 September 2016}}</ref>. Tambahan 150 tentara Prancis berkedudukan di [[Erbil]], timur Mosul dalam misi melatih milisi [[Peshmerga]]<ref name="lobs1017">{{cite news|title=Bataille de Mossoul : qui participe à la reconquête ?|url=http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/monde/20161017.OBS9927/bataille-de-mossoul-qui-participe-a-la-reconquete.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=L'Observer|date=17 October 2016|language=fr-FR}}</ref>. Kapal induk [[Charles de Gaulle (R91)|Charles de Gaulle]], dengan kekuatan satu skuadron 24 jet tempur [[Dassault Rafale]] secara khusus diberangkatkan dari pangakalannya di [[Toulon]] ke pantai Suriah untuk mendukung operasi terhadap ISIS melalui serangan udara dan misi pengintaian. 12 jet Rafale lainnya beroperasi dari pangkalan Angkatan Udara Perancis di [[Yordania]] dan [[UEA]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Licourt|first1=Julien|title=Premières opérations depuis le Charles-de-Gaulle avant l'offensive sur Mossoul|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2016/09/30/01003-20160930ARTFIG00055-irak-la-coalition-debute-son-offensive-sur-mossoul.php|accessdate=19 October 2016|work=Le Figaro|date=30 September 2016|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref name="cnncdg">{{cite news|last1=Pleitgen|first1=Fred|title=On board the French nuclear carrier battling ISIS|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/17/middleeast/france-nuclear-carrier-mosul-iraq-isis/|accessdate=19 October 2016|publisher=CNN|date=17 October 2016}}</ref>. 80 tentara pasukan khusus [[Australia]] dan 210 tentara pasukan khusus [[Kanada]] juga dikerahkan untuk membantu Peshmerga. Selain itu, Pasukan Kanada dari Resimen Perang Elektronik 21 dilaporkan turut serta dalam koalisi internasional bertugas mencegat dan mengirimkan hasil penyadapan komunikasi ISIS, sementara 2 rumah sakit lapangan dengan 60 personil tentara Kanada telah didirikan untuk mengobati korban dari pihak Kurdi<ref name="Okra">{{cite web|last1=Greene|first1=Andrew|title=Islamic State: Australia's special forces to assist Iraq military in battle for Mosul|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-17/australian-special-forces-to-assist-military-operation-to-retak/7939556|website=ABC News|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=17 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="CANSOFCOM">{{cite web|last1=Chase|first1=Steven|title=Canadian forces providing crucial support in battle to recapture Mosul|url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/canadian-forces-providing-crucial-support-in-battle-to-recapture-mosul/article32403507/|website=The Globe and Mail|accessdate=18 October 2016}}</ref>.
+Koalisi internasional yang terdiri dari 60 negara, dipimpin oleh Amerika Serikat mendukung perang Irak melawan ISIS dengan menyediakan logistik dan dukungan udara, intelejen dan penasehat militer.<ref>{{cite news|title=Iraq, Syria Make Significant Strides Countering ISIL, Press Secretary|url=http://www.defense.gov/News/Article/Article/976204/iraq-syria-make-significant-strides-countering-isil-press-secretary-says|accessdate=18 October 2016|publisher=U.S. Department of Defense|date=17 October 2016}}</ref> Dalam operasi tempur merebut kembali Mosul Pasukan koalisi internasional bermarkas 60 kilometer (37 mil) selatan dari Mosul di Pangkalan Udara Qayyarah Barat yang sebelumnya direbut dari kekuasan ISIS pada bulan Juni.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Forey|first1=Samuel|title=Bataille de Mossoul: reportage à Qayyarah, dans le QG de la coalition|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2016/10/16/01003-20161016ARTFIG00175-qayyarah-dernier-verrou-strategique-avant-mossoul.php|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=Le Figaro|date=16 October 2016|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Sekitar 560 tentara AS dari Divisi Lintas Udara 101 dikerahkan di markas Qayyarah Barat selama pertempuran, termasuk unsur komando dan pengendali, satu detasemen keamanan, tim operasi lapangan udara, dan logistik dan spesialis komunikasi.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sisk|first1=Richard|title=101st Soldiers Deploying to Bolster Fight Against ISIS in Iraq|url=http://www.military.com/daily-news/2016/08/08/101st-soldiers-deploying-to-bolster-fight-against-isis-in-iraq.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=Military.com|date=8 August 2016|language=en}}</ref> AS mengerahkan peluncur roket HIMARS dan howitzer M777 yang diawaki oleh Tim Tempur Brigade 2 Divisi 101 dan Golf Company, Batalyon Pendukung Brigade 526. Tentara Prancis mengerahkan empat howitzer CAESAR dan 150 sampai 200 tentara di Qayyarah, Prancis mengumumkan 600 lebih tentara yang akan terlibat dalam koalisi pada akhir September.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chapleau|first1=Philippe|title=Les quatre Caesar de Qayyarah ont déjà donné de la voix|url=http://lignesdedefense.blogs.ouest-france.fr/archive/2016/09/29/les-caesar-de-qayyarak-ont-tonne-les-20-27-et-29-septembre-16885.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=Ouest-France|date=29 September 2016}}</ref> Tambahan 150 tentara Prancis berkedudukan di [[Erbil]], timur Mosul dalam misi melatih milisi [[Peshmerga]].<ref name="lobs1017">{{cite news|title=Bataille de Mossoul : qui participe à la reconquête ?|url=http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/monde/20161017.OBS9927/bataille-de-mossoul-qui-participe-a-la-reconquete.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=L'Observer|date=17 October 2016|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Kapal induk [[Charles de Gaulle (R91)|Charles de Gaulle]], dengan kekuatan satu skuadron 24 jet tempur [[Dassault Rafale]] secara khusus diberangkatkan dari pangakalannya di [[Toulon]] ke pantai Suriah untuk mendukung operasi terhadap ISIS melalui serangan udara dan misi pengintaian. 12 jet Rafale lainnya beroperasi dari pangkalan Angkatan Udara Prancis di [[Yordania]] dan [[UEA]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Licourt|first1=Julien|title=Premières opérations depuis le Charles-de-Gaulle avant l'offensive sur Mossoul|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2016/09/30/01003-20160930ARTFIG00055-irak-la-coalition-debute-son-offensive-sur-mossoul.php|accessdate=19 October 2016|work=Le Figaro|date=30 September 2016|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref name="cnncdg">{{cite news|last1=Pleitgen|first1=Fred|title=On board the French nuclear carrier battling ISIS|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/17/middleeast/france-nuclear-carrier-mosul-iraq-isis/|accessdate=19 October 2016|publisher=CNN|date=17 October 2016}}</ref> 80 tentara pasukan khusus [[Australia]] dan 210 tentara pasukan khusus [[Kanada]] juga dikerahkan untuk membantu Peshmerga. Selain itu, Pasukan Kanada dari Resimen Perang Elektronik 21 dilaporkan turut serta dalam koalisi internasional bertugas mencegat dan mengirimkan hasil penyadapan komunikasi ISIS, sementara 2 rumah sakit lapangan dengan 60 personil tentara Kanada telah didirikan untuk mengobati korban dari pihak Kurdi.<ref name="Okra">{{cite web|last1=Greene|first1=Andrew|title=Islamic State: Australia's special forces to assist Iraq military in battle for Mosul|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-17/australian-special-forces-to-assist-military-operation-to-retak/7939556|website=ABC News|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=17 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="CANSOFCOM">{{cite web|last1=Chase|first1=Steven|title=Canadian forces providing crucial support in battle to recapture Mosul|url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/canadian-forces-providing-crucial-support-in-battle-to-recapture-mosul/article32403507/|website=The Globe and Mail|accessdate=18 October 2016}}</ref>
-Sementara itu Naqshabandi sebuah kelompok loyalis Ba'ath dipimpin oleh mantan wakil presiden era rezim [[Saddam Hussein]], [[Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri]] mengeluarkan pernyataan sebelum dimulainya operasi menyerukan orang-orang kota untuk melakukan pemberontakan terhadap ISIS dan mengumumkan bahwa mereka akan berjuang melawan "organisasi teroris"<ref name="Naqshabandi - Bawwabat Al-Arab">{{cite web|title=تحرير الموصل.. جيش النقشبندية ينفي اشتباك البشمركة مع "داعش"|url=https://www.albawabhnews.com/2168253|website=Bawwabat Al-Arab|accessdate=20 October 2016|language=Arabic|date=18 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="Naqshabandi - Azzaman">{{cite web|title=الهجوم ينجز أهدافه في سهل نينوى|url=http://www.azzaman.com/?p=180750|website=Azzaman|accessdate=20 October 2016|language=Arabic|date=17 October 2016}}</ref>.
+Sementara itu Naqshabandi sebuah kelompok loyalis Ba'ath dipimpin oleh mantan wakil presiden era rezim [[Saddam Hussein]], [[Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri]] mengeluarkan pernyataan sebelum dimulainya operasi menyerukan orang-orang kota untuk melakukan pemberontakan terhadap ISIS dan mengumumkan bahwa mereka akan berjuang melawan "organisasi teroris".<ref name="Naqshabandi - Bawwabat Al-Arab">{{cite web|title=تحرير الموصل.. جيش النقشبندية ينفي اشتباك البشمركة مع "داعش"|url=https://www.albawabhnews.com/2168253|website=Bawwabat Al-Arab|accessdate=20 October 2016|language=Arabic|date=18 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="Naqshabandi - Azzaman">{{cite web|title=الهجوم ينجز أهدافه في سهل نينوى|url=http://www.azzaman.com/?p=180750|website=Azzaman|accessdate=20 October 2016|language=Arabic|date=17 October 2016|archive-date=2016-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018180406/http://www.azzaman.com/?p=180750|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
-Kehadiran beberapa milisi yang memiliki riwayat pelanggaran HAM telah menuai kritik [[Human Rights Watch]] yang menyerukan milisi Syiah dari Angkatan Mobilisasi Populer (PMF) atau dikenal pula dengan sebutan ''Hashd Al-Sha'abi'' untuk tidak masuk Mosul, menyusul tuduhan pelecehan parah yang dilakukkan mereka terhadap Muslim Sunni dalam operasi anti-ISIS sebelumnya di [[Fallujah]], [[Tikrit]] dan Pengepungan [[Amerli]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Ban militias with abuse records from Mosul fight: HRW|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/07/ban-militias-abuse-records-mosul-fight-hrw-160731082420989.html|accessdate=26 October 2016|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=26 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Wille|first1=Belkis|title=How Retaking Mosul Could Spell Disaster for Civilians|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/10/14/how-retaking-mosul-could-spell-disaster-civilians|accessdate=26 October 2016|work=Human Rights Watch|date=14 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Dolamari|first1=Mewan|title=US accepts Shia-militia role in Mosul battle despite human rights abuses|url=http://www.kurdistan24.net/en/news/592a25ae-efa0-4753-80b8-949ecf587307/US-accepts-Shia-militia-role-in-Mosul-battle-despite-human-rights-abuses|accessdate=26 October 2016|work=www.kurdistan24.net|date=7 October 2016}}</ref>.
+Kehadiran beberapa milisi yang memiliki riwayat pelanggaran HAM telah menuai kritik [[Human Rights Watch]] yang menyerukan milisi Syiah dari Angkatan Mobilisasi Populer (PMF) atau dikenal pula dengan sebutan ''Hashd Al-Sha'abi'' untuk tidak masuk Mosul, menyusul tuduhan pelecehan parah yang dilakukkan mereka terhadap Muslim Sunni dalam operasi anti-ISIS sebelumnya di [[Fallujah]], [[Tikrit]] dan Pengepungan [[Amerli]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Ban militias with abuse records from Mosul fight: HRW|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/07/ban-militias-abuse-records-mosul-fight-hrw-160731082420989.html|accessdate=26 October 2016|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=26 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Wille|first1=Belkis|title=How Retaking Mosul Could Spell Disaster for Civilians|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/10/14/how-retaking-mosul-could-spell-disaster-civilians|accessdate=26 October 2016|work=Human Rights Watch|date=14 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Dolamari|first1=Mewan|title=US accepts Shia-militia role in Mosul battle despite human rights abuses|url=http://www.kurdistan24.net/en/news/592a25ae-efa0-4753-80b8-949ecf587307/US-accepts-Shia-militia-role-in-Mosul-battle-despite-human-rights-abuses|accessdate=26 October 2016|work=www.kurdistan24.net|date=7 October 2016}}</ref>
-Dalam sebuah pernyataan Perdana Menteri Irak [[Haider al-Abadi]] mengatakan bahwa hanya militer Irak dan polisi nasional Irak akan memasuki kota itu sendiri<ref name="of1017">{{cite news|title=Trompettes et tambours médiatiques pour la reconquête de Mossoul|url=http://www.ouest-france.fr/monde/irak/trompettes-et-tambours-mediatiques-pour-la-reconquete-de-mossoul-4565599|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=Ouest-France|date=17 October 2016|language=fr-FR}}</ref>.
+Dalam sebuah pernyataan Perdana Menteri Irak [[Haider al-Abadi]] mengatakan bahwa hanya militer Irak dan polisi nasional Irak akan memasuki kota itu sendiri.<ref name="of1017">{{cite news|title=Trompettes et tambours médiatiques pour la reconquête de Mossoul|url=http://www.ouest-france.fr/monde/irak/trompettes-et-tambours-mediatiques-pour-la-reconquete-de-mossoul-4565599|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=Ouest-France|date=17 October 2016|language=fr-FR}}</ref>
-==Keterlibatan Turki==
+== Keterlibatan Turki ==
-Dilain pihak keterlibatan [[Turki]] dalam operasi telah menjadikan ketegangan baru hubungan antara [[Ankara]] dan [[Baghdad]]<ref name="aj1023">{{cite news|title=Battle for Mosul: Turkey confirms military involvement|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/10/battle-mosul-turkey-confirms-military-involvement-161023144053661.html|accessdate=23 October 2016|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=23 October 2016}}</ref>. Turki setidaknya memiliki 1.500 sampai 2.000 tentara di Irak<ref name="MathieuKodmani1016">{{cite news|last1=Mathieu|first1=Luc|last2=Kodmani|first2=Hala|title="Le gouvernement irakien n’a pas de plan pour le jour d’après"|url=http://www.liberation.fr/planete/2016/10/16/le-gouvernement-irakien-n-a-pas-de-plan-pour-le-jour-d-apres_1522350|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=Libération.fr|date=16 October 2016}}</ref>. Termasuk 500 tentara Turki yang dikerahkan ke pangkalan dekat Bashiqa, di mana mereka bertugas melatih 1.500 relawan Sunni Irak terutama Turkmen dan Arab untuk merebut kembali Mosul<ref>{{cite news|title=Offensive sur Mossoul: Washington tente de désamorcer les tensions Turquie-Irak|url=http://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1012257/offensive-sur-mossoul-washington-tente-de-desamorcer-les-tensions-turquie-irak.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=L'Orient-Le Jour|date=12 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Reconquête de Mossoul: la Turquie entend peser sur le champ de bataille irakien|url=http://www.rfi.fr/moyen-orient/20161017-irak-reconquete-mossoul-turquie-peser-bataille-kurdes-chiites|accessdate=18 October 2016|publisher=[[Radio France Internationale|RFI]]|date=17 October 2016|language=fr-FR}}</ref>. Kikutsertaan Turki sebenarnya bertentangan dengan keinginan pemerintah Irak, yang menganggap bahwa Turki telah melanggar kedaulatan Irak. Namun Turki tidak bergeming oleh anggapan tersebut serta bersikeras menolak untuk menarik pasukannya<ref name="aj1023"/> dari wilayah Irak. Melalui sebuah pernyataan dihadapan parlemen negaranya pada tanggal pada tanggal 1 Oktober, Presiden Turki [[Recep Tayyip Erdogan]] menyatakan: "''Kami akan memainkan peran dalam operasi pembebasan Mosul dan tidak ada yang dapat mencegah kita dari berpartisipasi''"<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lister|first1=Tim|last2=Alkhshali|first2=Hamdi|title=Stakes high for Iraq as Mosul offensive looms|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/04/middleeast/iraq-mosul-campaign-analysis-lister/|accessdate=18 October 2016|publisher=CNN|date=4 October 2016}}</ref>. Erdogan menegaskan bahwa kehadiran pasukannya dalam serangan ke Mosul adalah untuk mencegah jatuhnya Mosul kedalam kekusaan Kurdi atau Syiah yang akan mengancam keamanan negara Turki<ref>{{cite news|title=Erdogan: Iraq unable to liberate Mosul on its own|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/10/15/Erdogan-Iraq-cannot-handle-Mosul-assault-alone.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=Al Arabiya|date=15 October 2016}}</ref>. Kehadiran Turki dikritik oleh Kurdi di Irak utara<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hesen|first1=Rêbaz|title=People of South Kurdistan: Turkey after a permanent occupation in Mosul|url=https://anfenglish.com/kurdistan/people-of-south-kurdistan-turkey-after-a-permanent-occupation-in-mosul|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=[[Firat News Agency]]|date=17 October 2016}}</ref> dan ribuan demonstran Kurdi menggelar unjuk rasa di Kedutaan Besar Turki di Baghdad pada 18 Oktober, menuntut pasukan Turki mundur dari Irak
+Dilain pihak keterlibatan [[Turki]] dalam operasi telah menjadikan ketegangan baru hubungan antara [[Ankara]] dan [[Baghdad]].<ref name="aj1023">{{cite news|title=Battle for Mosul: Turkey confirms military involvement|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/10/battle-mosul-turkey-confirms-military-involvement-161023144053661.html|accessdate=23 October 2016|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=23 October 2016}}</ref> Turki setidaknya memiliki 1.500 sampai 2.000 tentara di Irak.<ref name="MathieuKodmani1016">{{cite news|last1=Mathieu|first1=Luc|last2=Kodmani|first2=Hala|title="Le gouvernement irakien n’a pas de plan pour le jour d’après"|url=http://www.liberation.fr/planete/2016/10/16/le-gouvernement-irakien-n-a-pas-de-plan-pour-le-jour-d-apres_1522350|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=Libération.fr|date=16 October 2016}}</ref> Termasuk 500 tentara Turki yang dikerahkan ke pangkalan dekat Bashiqa, di mana mereka bertugas melatih 1.500 relawan Sunni Irak terutama Turkmen dan Arab untuk merebut kembali Mosul.<ref>{{cite news|title=Offensive sur Mossoul: Washington tente de désamorcer les tensions Turquie-Irak|url=http://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1012257/offensive-sur-mossoul-washington-tente-de-desamorcer-les-tensions-turquie-irak.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=L'Orient-Le Jour|date=12 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Reconquête de Mossoul: la Turquie entend peser sur le champ de bataille irakien|url=http://www.rfi.fr/moyen-orient/20161017-irak-reconquete-mossoul-turquie-peser-bataille-kurdes-chiites|accessdate=18 October 2016|publisher=[[Radio France Internationale|RFI]]|date=17 October 2016|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Kikutsertaan Turki sebenarnya bertentangan dengan keinginan pemerintah Irak, yang menganggap bahwa Turki telah melanggar kedaulatan Irak. Namun Turki tidak bergeming oleh anggapan tersebut serta bersikeras menolak untuk menarik pasukannya<ref name="aj1023"/> dari wilayah Irak. Melalui sebuah pernyataan dihadapan parlemen negaranya pada tanggal pada tanggal 1 Oktober, Presiden Turki [[Recep Tayyip Erdogan]] menyatakan: "''Kami akan memainkan peran dalam operasi pembebasan Mosul dan tidak ada yang dapat mencegah kita dari berpartisipasi''".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lister|first1=Tim|last2=Alkhshali|first2=Hamdi|title=Stakes high for Iraq as Mosul offensive looms|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/04/middleeast/iraq-mosul-campaign-analysis-lister/|accessdate=18 October 2016|publisher=CNN|date=4 October 2016}}</ref> Erdogan menegaskan bahwa kehadiran pasukannya dalam serangan ke Mosul adalah untuk mencegah jatuhnya Mosul kedalam kekusaan Kurdi atau Syiah yang akan mengancam keamanan negara Turki.<ref>{{cite news|title=Erdogan: Iraq unable to liberate Mosul on its own|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/10/15/Erdogan-Iraq-cannot-handle-Mosul-assault-alone.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=Al Arabiya|date=15 October 2016}}</ref> Kehadiran Turki dikritik oleh Kurdi di Irak utara<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hesen|first1=Rêbaz|title=People of South Kurdistan: Turkey after a permanent occupation in Mosul|url=https://anfenglish.com/kurdistan/people-of-south-kurdistan-turkey-after-a-permanent-occupation-in-mosul|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=[[Firat News Agency]]|date=17 October 2016}}</ref> dan ribuan demonstran Kurdi menggelar unjuk rasa di Kedutaan Besar Turki di Baghdad pada 18 Oktober, menuntut pasukan Turki mundur dari Irak.<ref>{{cite news|title=آلاف العراقيين يتظاهرون للمطالبة بخروج القوات التركية (Thousands of Iraqis Demonstrate to Demand the Withdrawal of Turkish Troops|url=http://www.alhurra.com/a/iraq-protests-turkish-embassy/330392.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=قناة الحرة (Al Hurra)|date=18 October 2016}}</ref>
-<ref>{{cite news|title=آلاف العراقيين يتظاهرون للمطالبة بخروج القوات التركية (Thousands of Iraqis Demonstrate to Demand the Withdrawal of Turkish Troops|url=http://www.alhurra.com/a/iraq-protests-turkish-embassy/330392.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=قناة الحرة (Al Hurra)|date=18 October 2016}}</ref>.
-Sekutu Turki, Amerika Serikat dilaporkan telah berusaha untuk membujuk Irak untuk bekerja sama dengan Turki pada serangan terhadap Mosul<ref>{{cite news|last= Baldor|first=Lolita C.|title=Carter says Turkey should play role in Mosul fight|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/carter-to-meet-with-turkey-leaders-stress-iraqi-sovereignty/2016/10/21/b8865da6-9756-11e6-9cae-2a3574e296a6_story.html|accessdate=23 October 2016|work=The Washington Post|agency=Associated Press|date=22 October 2016}}</ref>. Sekretaris Departemen Pertahanan AS  Ash Carter mengunjungi Turki pada 21 Oktober, di mana dicapai kesepakatan memungkinkan partisipasi terbatas Turki sambil menunggu mendapatkan persetujuan Irak. Carter membahas keterlibatan Turki secara rinci dengan Perdana Menteri Haider al-Abadi di Baghdad pada 22 Oktober dan dengan Masoud Barzani, Presiden Kurdistan Irak, di Erbil pada hari berikutnya<ref name="rudaw1023">{{cite news|title=MOSUL OFFENSIVE DAY 7: Live Updates|url=http://rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/23102016|accessdate=23 October 2016|publisher=Rudaw Media Network|date=23 October 2016}}</ref>.
+Sekutu Turki, Amerika Serikat dilaporkan telah berusaha untuk membujuk Irak untuk bekerja sama dengan Turki pada serangan terhadap Mosul.<ref>{{cite news|last=Baldor|first=Lolita C.|title=Carter says Turkey should play role in Mosul fight|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/carter-to-meet-with-turkey-leaders-stress-iraqi-sovereignty/2016/10/21/b8865da6-9756-11e6-9cae-2a3574e296a6_story.html|accessdate=23 October 2016|work=The Washington Post|agency=Associated Press|date=22 October 2016|archive-date=2018-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219032742/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/carter-to-meet-with-turkey-leaders-stress-iraqi-sovereignty/2016/10/21/b8865da6-9756-11e6-9cae-2a3574e296a6_story.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sekretaris Departemen Pertahanan AS Ash Carter mengunjungi Turki pada 21 Oktober, di mana dicapai kesepakatan memungkinkan partisipasi terbatas Turki sambil menunggu mendapatkan persetujuan Irak. Carter membahas keterlibatan Turki secara rinci dengan Perdana Menteri Haider al-Abadi di Baghdad pada 22 Oktober dan dengan Masoud Barzani, Presiden Kurdistan Irak, di Erbil pada hari berikutnya.<ref name="rudaw1023">{{cite news|title=MOSUL OFFENSIVE DAY 7: Live Updates|url=http://rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/23102016|accessdate=23 October 2016|publisher=Rudaw Media Network|date=23 October 2016}}</ref>
-Al-Abadi menolak tawaran segala sesuatu bantuan Turki, dengan mengatakan "''Kami tahu bahwa Turki ingin berpartisipasi. Kami memberitahu mereka terima kasih, ini adalah yang akan ditangani oleh orang Irak dan Irak akan membebaskan Mosul dan seluruh wilayah lainnya''"<ref>{{cite news|last1=Baldor|first1=Lolita C.|title=Iraqi leader resists US push for Turkish role in Mosul fight|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/us-defense-secretary-carter-arrives-in-iraq/2016/10/22/d6242c72-9827-11e6-9cae-2a3574e296a6_story.html|accessdate=23 October 2016|work=The Washington Post|agency=Associated Press|date=22 October 2016}}</ref>
+Al-Abadi menolak tawaran segala sesuatu bantuan Turki, dengan mengatakan "''Kami tahu bahwa Turki ingin berpartisipasi. Kami memberitahu mereka terima kasih, ini adalah yang akan ditangani oleh orang Irak dan Irak akan membebaskan Mosul dan seluruh wilayah lainnya''"<ref>{{cite news|last1=Baldor|first1=Lolita C.|title=Iraqi leader resists US push for Turkish role in Mosul fight|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/us-defense-secretary-carter-arrives-in-iraq/2016/10/22/d6242c72-9827-11e6-9cae-2a3574e296a6_story.html|accessdate=23 October 2016|work=The Washington Post|agency=Associated Press|date=22 October 2016|archive-date=2018-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202015852/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/us-defense-secretary-carter-arrives-in-iraq/2016/10/22/d6242c72-9827-11e6-9cae-2a3574e296a6_story.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
-Pada perkembangan situasi di Mosul selanjutnya pada tanggal 23 Oktober, Perdana Menteri Turki Binali Yildirim mengumumkan telah menembak posisi ISIS dekat Mosul setelah permintaan bantuan dari Peshmerga<ref name="aj1023"/>. Dengan bantuan dari pasukan Amerika, Inggris dan Turki, yang Peshmerga menempatkan pasukan mereka disekeliling Bashiqa<ref name="TurkeyKurdsPush">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/23/mosul-offensive-turkish-and-kurdish-forces-launch-attacks-on-isis|title=Turkish and Kurdish soldiers join forces to gain advantage in Mosul push|publisher=The Guardian}}</ref>
+Pada perkembangan situasi di Mosul selanjutnya pada tanggal 23 Oktober, Perdana Menteri Turki Binali Yildirim mengumumkan telah menembak posisi ISIS dekat Mosul setelah permintaan bantuan dari Peshmerga.<ref name="aj1023"/> Dengan bantuan dari pasukan Amerika, Inggris dan Turki, yang Peshmerga menempatkan pasukan mereka di sekeliling Bashiqa<ref name="TurkeyKurdsPush">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/23/mosul-offensive-turkish-and-kurdish-forces-launch-attacks-on-isis|title=Turkish and Kurdish soldiers join forces to gain advantage in Mosul push|publisher=The Guardian}}</ref>
-==Referensi==
+== Referensi ==
 {{reflist|30em}}