Pengalaman menjelang kematian: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi terkini sejak 2 September 2023 04.15

Pengalaman menjelang kematian atau Mati suri (bahasa Inggris: near-death experience; NDE) adalah pengalaman pribadi seseorang yang telah meninggal secara klinis, sebelum akhirnya hidup kembali. Pernapasan, detak jantung, dan fungsi otak mungkin masih terjadi, tetapi mereka hanya dapat dideteksi oleh sarana kedokteran canggih.

Jika positif, pengalaman semacam itu dapat meliputi berbagai sensasi yang meliputi keluar dari tubuh, terasa diangkat, keheningan penuh, rasa aman, pengalaman pelepasan mutlak dan kemunculan cahaya.Jika negatif, pengalaman semacam itu dapat meliputi sensasi tersiksa dan penyiksaan.^[1] NDE adalah sebuah bagian yang diakui dari keyakinan agama dan transendental dalam kehidupan setelah kematian.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Dengan alasan kemanusiaan, dokter biasa melakukan CPR upaya untuk membuat jantung dan paru orang yang telah dianggap meninggal dunia kembali berdetak sehingga orang tersebut hidup kembali. Keadaan tubuh seseorang yang mengalami mati suri secara klinis pada umumnya sudah meninggal atau dalam keadaan koma.

Referensi dan pranala luar

^ ^a ^b Sleutjes, A; Moreira-Almeida, A; Greyson, B (2014). "Almost 40 years investigating near-death experiences: an overview of mainstream scientific journals". J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 202 (11): 833–6. doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000000205. PMID 25357254.
^ Griffith, LJ (2009). "Near-death experiences and psychotherapy". Psychiatry (Edgmont). 6 (10): 35–42. PMC 2790400 . PMID 20011577.
^ Mauro, James. "Bright lights, big mystery", Psychology Today, July 1992.
^ Vanhaudenhuyse, A.; Thonnard, M.; Laureys, S. (2009). "Towards a Neuro-scientific Explanation of Near-death Experiences?" (PDF). Dalam Vincent, Jean-Louis. Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. ISBN 978-3-540-92276-6.

Bacaan lanjutan

James Alcock. (1979). Psychology and Near-Death Experiences. Skeptical Inquirer 3: 25–41.
Lee Worth Bailey; Jenny Yates. (1996). The Near-Death Experience: A Reader. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-91431-0
Blackmore, Susan (2002). "Near-Death Experiences". Dalam Shermer, Ed. M. The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience. Santa Barbara, CA.: ABC-Clio. hlm. 152–157. ISBN 9781576076538.
"International Association for Near-Death Studies (IANDS)"
Choi, Charles Q. (September 12, 2011). "Peace of Mind: Near-Death Experiences Now Found to Have Scientific Explanations". Scientific American (dalam bahasa Inggris).
Carroll, Robert T. (12 September 2014). "Near-death experience (NDE)". The Skeptic's Dictionary. Diakses tanggal 21 August 2017.
Engmann, Birk (2014). Near-death experiences : heavenly insight or human illusion?. Imprint: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-03727-1.
Bruce Greyson, Charles Flynn. (1984). The Near-Death Experience: Problems, Prospects, Perspectives. Springfield. ISBN 0-398-05008-2
Perera, Mahendra; Jagadheesan, Karuppiah; Peake, Anthony, ed. (2012). Making sense of near-death experiences : a handbook for clinicians. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. ISBN 978-1-84905-149-1.
Roberts, Glenn; Owen, John (1988). "The Near-Death Experience". British Journal of Psychiatry. 153 (5): 607–617. doi:10.1192/bjp.153.5.607. PMID 3076496.
Shermer, Michael (April 1, 2013). "Proof of Hallucination". Scientific American (dalam bahasa Inggris). 308 (4): 86. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0413-86. PMID 23539795.
Woerlee, G.M. (May 2004). "Darkness, Tunnels, and Light". Skeptical Inquirer. 28 (3).
Woerlee, G.M. (2005). Mortal minds : the biology of near-death experiences. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-59102-283-1.
Lommel, Pim van (2010). After life : a scientific approach to near-death experiences (edisi ke-1st). New York: HarperOne. ISBN 978-0-06-177725-7.
Schlieter, Jens (2018). What is it like to be dead? : Near-death experiences, Christianity, and the Occult times (edisi ke-Hardcover). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-088884-8.
Zaleski, Carol (1987). Otherworld journeys : accounts of near-death experience in medieval and modern times (edisi ke-Paperback). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-503915-3.

[Sleutjes2014rev-1] Sleutjes, A; Moreira-Almeida, A; Greyson, B (2014). "Almost 40 years investigating near-death experiences: an overview of mainstream scientific journals". J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 202 (11): 833–6. doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000000205. PMID 25357254.

[2] Griffith, LJ (2009). "Near-death experiences and psychotherapy". Psychiatry (Edgmont). 6 (10): 35–42. PMC 2790400 . PMID 20011577.

[Mauro1992pop-3] Mauro, James. "Bright lights, big mystery", Psychology Today, July 1992.

[4] Vanhaudenhuyse, A.; Thonnard, M.; Laureys, S. (2009). "Towards a Neuro-scientific Explanation of Near-death Experiences?" (PDF). Dalam Vincent, Jean-Louis. Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. ISBN 978-3-540-92276-6.

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[3]

[4]

@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
+'''Pengalaman menjelang kematian''' atau '''Mati suri''' ({{lang-en|'''near-death experience'''}}; '''NDE''') adalah pengalaman pribadi seseorang yang telah meninggal secara klinis, sebelum akhirnya hidup kembali. Pernapasan, detak jantung, dan fungsi otak mungkin masih terjadi, tetapi mereka hanya dapat dideteksi oleh sarana kedokteran canggih.
-{{Merge|Mati suri|date=Maret 2021}}
-'''Pengalaman menjelang kematian''' ({{lang-en|'''near-death experience'''}}; '''NDE''') adalah sebuah [[pengalaman pribadi]] yang diasosiasikan dengan kematian atau kematian yang tertunda. Jika positif, pengalaman semacam itu dapat meliputi berbagai sensasi yang meliputi keluar dari tubuh, terasa diangkat, keheningan penuh, rasa aman, pengalaman pelepasan mutlak dan kemunculan cahaya.Jika negatif, pengalaman semacam itu dapat meliputi sensasi tersiksa dan penyiksaan.<ref name=Sleutjes2014rev>{{cite journal | pmid = 25357254 | doi=10.1097/NMD.0000000000000205 | volume=202 | issue=11 | title=Almost 40 years investigating near-death experiences: an overview of mainstream scientific journals | year=2014 | journal=J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. | pages=833–6 | last1 = Sleutjes | first1 = A | last2 = Moreira-Almeida | first2 = A | last3 = Greyson | first3 = B}}</ref> NDE adalah sebuah bagian yang diakui dari keyakinan [[transendensi (agama)|agama]] dan [[transendensi (filsafat)|transendental]] dalam [[kehidupan setelah kematian]].<ref name=Sleutjes2014rev/><ref>{{cite journal | pmc=2790400 | pmid=20011577 | volume=6 | issue=10 | title=Near-death experiences and psychotherapy | year=2009 | journal=Psychiatry (Edgmont) | pages=35–42 | last1 = Griffith | first1 = LJ}}</ref><ref name=Mauro1992pop/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Vanhaudenhuyse|first1=A.|last2=Thonnard|first2=M.|last3=Laureys|first3=S.|editor1-last=Vincent|editor1-first=Jean-Louis|title=Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine|date=2009|publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|location=Berlin, Heidelberg|isbn=978-3-540-92276-6|chapter-url=http://www.coma.ulg.ac.be/papers/vs/vanhaudenhuyse_NDE2010.pdf|chapter=Towards a Neuro-scientific Explanation of Near-death Experiences?}}</ref>
+Jika positif, pengalaman semacam itu dapat meliputi berbagai sensasi yang meliputi keluar dari tubuh, terasa diangkat, keheningan penuh, rasa aman, pengalaman pelepasan mutlak dan kemunculan [[cahaya]].Jika negatif, pengalaman semacam itu dapat meliputi sensasi tersiksa dan penyiksaan.<ref name="Sleutjes2014rev">{{cite journal | pmid = 25357254 | doi=10.1097/NMD.0000000000000205 | volume=202 | issue=11 | title=Almost 40 years investigating near-death experiences: an overview of mainstream scientific journals | year=2014 | journal=J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. | pages=833–6 | last1 = Sleutjes | first1 = A | last2 = Moreira-Almeida | first2 = A | last3 = Greyson | first3 = B}}</ref> NDE adalah sebuah bagian yang diakui dari keyakinan agama dan transendental dalam [[kehidupan setelah kematian]].<ref name="Sleutjes2014rev" /><ref>{{cite journal | pmc=2790400 | pmid=20011577 | volume=6 | issue=10 | title=Near-death experiences and psychotherapy | year=2009 | journal=Psychiatry (Edgmont) | pages=35–42 | last1 = Griffith | first1 = LJ}}</ref><ref name="Mauro1992pop">Mauro, James. "Bright lights, big mystery", ''Psychology Today'', July 1992.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Vanhaudenhuyse|first1=A.|last2=Thonnard|first2=M.|last3=Laureys|first3=S.|editor1-last=Vincent|editor1-first=Jean-Louis|title=Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine|date=2009|publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|location=Berlin, Heidelberg|isbn=978-3-540-92276-6|chapter-url=http://www.coma.ulg.ac.be/papers/vs/vanhaudenhuyse_NDE2010.pdf|chapter=Towards a Neuro-scientific Explanation of Near-death Experiences?}}</ref>
-== Referensi ==
-{{Reflist}}
+Dengan alasan kemanusiaan, [[dokter]] biasa melakukan [[Resusitasi jantung paru|CPR]] upaya untuk membuat jantung dan paru orang yang telah dianggap meninggal dunia kembali berdetak sehingga orang tersebut hidup kembali. Keadaan tubuh seseorang yang mengalami mati suri secara klinis pada umumnya sudah meninggal atau dalam keadaan koma.{{commons category|Near-death experiences}}
-== Pranala luar ==
-{{commons category|Near-death experiences}}
-{{commons category|Near-death experiences}}
-* [http://www.iands.org/ "International Association for Near-Death Studies (IANDS)"]
-== Bacaan tambahan ==
+== Referensi dan pranala luar ==
+{{reflist}}
+== Bacaan lanjutan ==
 * [[James Alcock]]. (1979). ''Psychology and Near-Death Experiences''. Skeptical Inquirer 3: 25–41.
 * Lee Worth Bailey; Jenny Yates. (1996). ''The Near-Death Experience: A Reader''. Routledge. {{ISBN|0-415-91431-0}}
 * {{cite book|last1=Blackmore|first1=Susan|editor1-last=Shermer|editor1-first=Ed. M.|title=The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience|date=2002|publisher=ABC-Clio|location=Santa Barbara, CA.|isbn=9781576076538|pages=152–157|chapter-url=https://www.susanblackmore.co.uk/chapters/near-death-experiences/|chapter=Near-Death Experiences}}
+* [http://www.iands.org/ "International Association for Near-Death Studies (IANDS)"]
 * {{cite journal|last1=Choi|first1=Charles Q.|title=Peace of Mind: Near-Death Experiences Now Found to Have Scientific Explanations|journal=Scientific American|date=September 12, 2011|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/peace-of-mind-near-death/|language=en}}
 * {{cite web|last1=Carroll|first1=Robert T.|title=Near-death experience (NDE)|url=http://www.skepdic.com/nde.html|publisher=The Skeptic's Dictionary|accessdate=21 August 2017|date=12 September 2014}}
-* {{cite book|last1=Engmann|first1=Birk|title=Near-death experiences : heavenly insight or human illusion?|date=2014|publisher=Imprint: Springer|location=|isbn=978-3-319-03727-1}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Engmann|first1=Birk|title=Near-death experiences : heavenly insight or human illusion?|url=https://archive.org/details/neardeathexperie0000engm|date=2014|publisher=Imprint: Springer|location=|isbn=978-3-319-03727-1}}
 * [[Bruce Greyson]], Charles Flynn. (1984). ''The Near-Death Experience: Problems, Prospects, Perspectives''. Springfield. {{ISBN|0-398-05008-2}}
 * {{cite book|title=Making sense of near-death experiences : a handbook for clinicians|first1=|date=2012|publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers|isbn=978-1-84905-149-1|editor1-last=Perera|editor1-first=Mahendra|location=London|editor2-last=Jagadheesan|editor2-first=Karuppiah|editor3-last=Peake|editor3-first=Anthony}}
@@ Baris 22: / Baris 21: @@
 * {{cite journal|last1=Shermer|first1=Michael|title=Proof of Hallucination|journal=Scientific American|date=April 1, 2013|volume=308|issue=4|pages=86|doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0413-86|pmid=23539795|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-near-death-experience-isnt-proof-heaven/|language=en}}
 * {{cite journal|last1=Woerlee|first1=G.M.|title=Darkness, Tunnels, and Light|journal=Skeptical Inquirer|date=May 2004|volume=28|issue=3|url=http://www.csicop.org/si/show/darkness_tunnels_and_light}}
-* {{cite book|last1=Woerlee|first1=G.M.|title=Mortal minds : the biology of near-death experiences|date=2005|publisher=Prometheus Books|location=Amherst, NY|isbn=978-1-59102-283-1}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Woerlee|first1=G.M.|title=Mortal minds : the biology of near-death experiences|url=https://archive.org/details/mortalmindsbiolo0000woer_g5q9|date=2005|publisher=Prometheus Books|location=Amherst, NY|isbn=978-1-59102-283-1}}
 * {{cite book|last1=Lommel|first1=Pim van|title=After life : a scientific approach to near-death experiences|url=https://archive.org/details/consciousnessbey0000lomm|date=2010|publisher=HarperOne|location=New York|isbn=978-0-06-177725-7|edition=1st}}
 * {{cite book|last1=Schlieter|first1=Jens|title=What is it like to be dead? : Near-death experiences, Christianity, and the Occult times|date=2018|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-19-088884-8|edition=Hardcover}}

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