Penjara Abu Ghraib: Perbedaan antara revisi

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-[[Image:Iraq map Abu Ghraib.png|thumb|right|250px|Map of Iraq highlighting Abu Ghraib]] <!-- This is an eyeball estimate. Feel free to improve. -->
+[[Berkas:Iraq map Abu Ghraib.png|jmpl|ka|250px|Map of Iraq highlighting Abu Ghraib]] <!-- This is an eyeball estimate. Feel free to improve. -->
 {{commonscat|Gambar-gambar penyiksaan tahanan Abu Ghraib}}
-'''Penjara Abu Ghraib''' ([[bahasa Arab]]: سجن أبو غريب; juga Abu Ghurayb) terletak di [[Abu Ghraib]], sebuah kota di [[Irak]], 32 km di sebelah barat [[Baghdad]]. Penjara ini menjadi terkenal di dunia internasional sebagai tempat pemerintah [[Saddam Hussein]] [[siksaan|menyiksa]] dan menghukum mati para [[pembangkang]], dan belakangan sebagai tempat ''[[Penyiksaan tahanan Abu Ghraib|skandal penyiksaan terhadap para tahanan Abu Ghraib]]''. Kasus [[siksaan|penyiksaan]] oleh militer [[Amerika Serikat]] terhadap para [[pembangkang]] Irak ini terungkap dalam serangakain foto yang disebarkan di media massa di seluruh dunia.
+'''Penjara Abu Ghraib''' ([[bahasa Arab]]: سجن أبو غريب; juga Abu Ghurayb) terletak di [[Abu Ghraib]], sebuah kota di [[Irak]], 32 km di sebelah barat [[Baghdad]]. Penjara ini menjadi terkenal di dunia internasional sebagai tempat pemerintah [[Saddam Hussein]] [[siksaan|menyiksa]] dan menghukum mati para [[pembangkang]], dan belakangan sebagai tempat ''[[Penyiksaan tahanan Abu Ghraib|skandal penyiksaan terhadap para tahanan Abu Ghraib]]''. Kasus [[siksaan|penyiksaan]] oleh militer [[Amerika Serikat]] terhadap para [[pembangkang]] Irak ini terungkap dalam serangakain foto yang disebarkan di [[media massa]] di seluruh dunia.
 Di bawah pemerintahan [[Ba'ath]] Saddam Hussein, tempat ini dikenal sebagai Penjara Abu Ghraib dan mempunyai reputasi sebagai tempat penyiksaan. Bahkan di tempat ini pernah berlangsung penyiksaan yang paling kejam di dunia modern. Tempat ini kadang-kadang dirujuk oleh media Barat sebagai "Pusat Penyiksaan" Saddam Hussein. Setelah pasukan-pasukan Amerika Serikat menyingkirkan pemerintahan Irak yang lama, nama penjara ini diubah menjadi ''Fasilitas Tahanan Sentral Baghdad (BCCF)''' atau Fasilitas Rehabilitasi Sentral Baghdad. Pada Mei [[2004]], Kamp Avalanche, sebuah kamp tenda di lokasi Abu Ghraib untuk para tahanan keamanan, mengubah namanya menjadi Kamp Penebusan atas permintaan seorang anggota dewan pemerintahan yang berkuasa.
-Kompleks [[penjara]] ini dibangun oleh kontraktor Britania pada [[1960-an]] dan mencakup 1,15 km² dengan total 24 menara pengawal. Wilayah yang luasnya sama dengan sebuah kota kecil, dibagi ke dalam lima kompleks berdinding untuk berbagai jenis tahanan. Masing-masing blok mempunyai sebuah ruang makan, ruang sembahyang, ruang olah raga dan fasilitas kebersihan yang mendasar. Sel-selnya memuat hingga 40 orang di ruangan berukuran 4x4 meter. Setelah pemerintahan Irak jatuh pada [[2003]], kelima kompleks ini diperuntukkan bagi para tahanan asing, tahanan jangka panjang, tahanan jangka pendek, kejahatan berat, dan kejahatan-kejahatan "khusus".
+Kompleks [[penjara]] ini dibangun oleh kontraktor Britania pada [[1960-an]] dan mencakup 1,15 km² dengan total 24 menara pengawal. Wilayah yang luasnya sama dengan sebuah kota kecil, dibagi ke dalam lima kompleks berdinding untuk berbagai jenis tahanan. Masing-masing blok mempunyai sebuah ruang makan, ruang sembahyang, ruang olahraga dan fasilitas kebersihan yang mendasar. Sel-selnya memuat hingga 40 orang di ruangan berukuran 4x4 meter. Setelah pemerintahan Irak jatuh pada [[2003]], kelima kompleks ini diperuntukkan bagi para tahanan asing, tahanan jangka panjang, tahanan jangka pendek, kejahatan berat, dan kejahatan-kejahatan "khusus".
 <!--==Under Saddam Hussein==
 ::''See ''[[Human rights in Saddam's Iraq]]'' for a discussion of the context of these events.''
-Under the government of [[Saddam Hussein]] the facility was under the control of the Directorate of General Security ([[Al-Amn al-Amm]]) and was the site of the torture and execution of thousands of political prisoners&mdash;up to 4,000 prisoners are thought to have been executed there in [[1984]] alone. During the 1990s human rights organization [[Amnesty International]] documented repeated events where as many as several hundred inmates were executed in a single episode. These included hundreds executed in November 1996, and several hundred members of the [[Shi'a Islam|Shi'a]] denomination killed in 1998 and 2001. Amnesty reported that it could not produce a complete picture of events at the prison due to government secrecy. It was also the reputed location of [[Saddam Hussein's alleged woodchipper]].
+Under the government of [[Saddam Hussein]] the facility was under the control of the Directorate of General Security ([[Al-Amn al-Amm]]) and was the site of the torture and execution of thousands of political prisoners—up to 4,000 prisoners are thought to have been executed there in [[1984]] alone. During the 1990s human rights organization [[Amnesty International]] documented repeated events where as many as several hundred inmates were executed in a single episode. These included hundreds executed in November 1996, and several hundred members of the [[Shi'a Islam|Shi'a]] denomination killed in 1998 and 2001. Amnesty reported that it could not produce a complete picture of events at the prison due to government secrecy. It was also the reputed location of [[Saddam Hussein's alleged woodchipper]].
 The section for political inmates of Abu Ghraib was divided into "open" and "closed" wings. The closed wing housed only [[Shi'ite]]s. They were not allowed visitors or any outside contact.
@@ Baris 37: / Baris 37: @@
 ==Under the US-led coalition==
-[[Image:Abu_Gharyab_Prison.JPG|thumb|300px|right|Front gate of the prison seen from the highway]]
+[[Berkas:Abu_Gharyab_Prison.JPG|thumb|300px|right|Front gate of the prison seen from the highway]]
-[[Image:AbuGhraibAbuse-standing-on-box.jpg|thumb|250px|right|One of a series of photos taken by U.S. soldiers of Iraqi prisoners in Abu Ghraib. The hooded prisoner ([[Satar Jabar]]) had wires attached to both hands and his penis, and was reportedly told that he would be electrocuted if he fell off the box he was standing on; at the time this photo became public, US officials stated that the wires were not actually electrified, this was later denied by the person in the photo who stated in an interview that the wires were electrified and had been used to give shocks.]]
+[[Berkas:AbuGhraibAbuse-standing-on-box.jpg|thumb|250px|right|One of a series of photos taken by U.S. soldiers of Iraqi prisoners in Abu Ghraib. The hooded prisoner ([[Satar Jabar]]) had wires attached to both hands and his penis, and was reportedly told that he would be electrocuted if he fell off the box he was standing on; at the time this photo became public, US officials stated that the wires were not actually electrified, this was later denied by the person in the photo who stated in an interview that the wires were electrified and had been used to give shocks.]]
 Until August, 2006, the site known as the Abu Ghraib prison was used by both the [[U.S.-led occupation of Iraq|U.S.-led coalition occupying Iraq]] and the Iraqi government. The area of the facility known as "the Hard Site" is under the complete control of the Iraqi government and is used for housing convicted criminals. The Hard Site is best known from the abuse scandal pictures, the photos of which were all taken in Tier 1 of the complex. The remainder of the facility was occupied by the United States military. It served as both a FOB (Forward Operating Base) and a detention facility. All detainees are housed in an area known as "Camp Redemption." The camp is divided into 5 security levels. This recently built (Summer of 2004) camp replaced the three level setup of Camp Ganci, Camp Vigilant and Tier 1.
@@ Baris 67: / Baris 67: @@
 == Tahanan ==
-*[[Ahmad Aziz Rafiq]]
+* [[Ahmad Aziz Rafiq]]
 == Lihat pula ==
@@ Baris 76: / Baris 76: @@
 * [[Penyiksaan tahanan Abu Ghraib]]
 * [[Lynndie England]]
-<!--* [[Perang Filipina-Amerika#Penyiksaan dan praktek bumi hangus Amerika]]-->
+<!--* [[Perang Filipina-Amerika#Penyiksaan dan praktik bumi hangus Amerika]]-->
 == Rujukan ==
+{{reflist}}
-<references/>
 == Pranala luar ==
-* [http://tortureprotest.org/atrocities/ag_slideshow Abu Ghraib abuse slideshow] with commentary.
+* [http://tortureprotest.org/atrocities/ag_slideshow Abu Ghraib abuse slideshow] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003061439/http://tortureprotest.org/atrocities/ag_slideshow |date=2006-10-03 }} with commentary.
-* [http://mp3.rbnlive.com/Janis06.html General Janis Karpinski was in charge of Abu Ghraib and now is a talk radio host] [http://mp3.rbnlive.com/Stadt/0603/20060315_Wed_Stadtmiller1.mp3 Interview with Janis][http://mp3.rbnlive.com/Stadt/0603/20060315_Wed_Stadtmiller2.mp3 2nd hour of the Interview]
+* [http://mp3.rbnlive.com/Janis06.html General Janis Karpinski was in charge of Abu Ghraib and now is a talk radio host] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061026115712/http://mp3.rbnlive.com/Janis06.html |date=2006-10-26 }} [http://mp3.rbnlive.com/Stadt/0603/20060315_Wed_Stadtmiller1.mp3 Interview with Janis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061117114341/http://mp3.rbnlive.com/Stadt/0603/20060315_Wed_Stadtmiller1.mp3 |date=2006-11-17 }}[http://mp3.rbnlive.com/Stadt/0603/20060315_Wed_Stadtmiller2.mp3 2nd hour of the Interview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061117114516/http://mp3.rbnlive.com/Stadt/0603/20060315_Wed_Stadtmiller2.mp3 |date=2006-11-17 }}
-*[http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/iraq/images/abu-ghurayb-prison-tpc.jpg Map showing location] - globalsecurity.org
+* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/iraq/images/abu-ghurayb-prison-tpc.jpg Map showing location] - globalsecurity.org
-*[http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=33.291849,44.065711&spn=0.011962,0.019121&t=k&hl=en Satellite Photograph] - Google Maps
+* [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=33.291849,44.065711&spn=0.011962,0.019121&t=k&hl=en Satellite Photograph] - [[Google]] Maps
-* [http://www.pww.org/article/articleview/6260/1/245/ Memo Reveals Bush may have OK'd Torture]
+* [http://www.pww.org/article/articleview/6260/1/245/ Memo Reveals Bush may have OK'd Torture] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061027030013/http://www.pww.org/article/articleview/6260/1/245/ |date=2006-10-27 }}
-*[http://www.antiwar.com/news/?articleid=2444 The Abu Ghraib Prison Photos] &ndash; a collection of graphic photos showing torture and humiliation of Iraqi inmates by a group of U.S. soldiers in Abu Ghraib prison, released by [[The Washington Post]], [[ABC News]], [[The New Yorker]], [[CBS]] and [[Global Free Press]]
+* [http://www.antiwar.com/news/?articleid=2444 The Abu Ghraib Prison Photos] – a collection of graphic photos showing torture and humiliation of Iraqi inmates by a group of U.S. soldiers in Abu Ghraib prison, released by [[The Washington Post]], [[ABC News]], [[The New Yorker]], [[CBS]] and [[Global Free Press]]
-*[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A5623-2004May5.html New Prison Images Emerge] &ndash; The Washington Post [[May 6]], [[2004]] article by Christian Davenport
+* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A5623-2004May5.html New Prison Images Emerge] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812193109/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A5623-2004May5.html |date=2012-08-12 }} – The Washington Post [[May 6]], [[2004]] article by Christian Davenport
-*[http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/?040517fa_fact2 Chain of Command] &ndash; The New Yorker [[May 9]], [[2004]] article by Seymour M. Hersh
+* [https://archive.today/20121216140716/www.newyorker.com/fact/content/?040517fa_fact2 Chain of Command] – The New Yorker [[May 9]], [[2004]] article by Seymour M. Hersh
-*[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A43785-2004May20.html Videos Amplify Picture of Violence] &ndash; The Washington Post [[May 21]], [[2004]] article by Josh White, Christian Davenport and Scott Higham
+* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A43785-2004May20.html Videos Amplify Picture of Violence] – The Washington Post [[May 21]], [[2004]] article by Josh White, Christian Davenport and Scott Higham
-*[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A32776-2004Jun10.html Use of Dogs to Scare Prisoners Was Authorized] &ndash; The Washington Post [[June 11]], [[2004]] article by Josh White and Scott Higham
+* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A32776-2004Jun10.html Use of Dogs to Scare Prisoners Was Authorized] – The Washington Post [[June 11]], [[2004]] article by Josh White and Scott Higham
-*[http://www.opendemocracy.net/media-abu_ghraib/issue.jsp After image: the meanings of Abu Ghraib]
+* [http://www.opendemocracy.net/media-abu_ghraib/issue.jsp After Berkas: the meanings of Abu Ghraib] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090517000118/http://www.opendemocracy.net/media-abu_ghraib/issue.jsp |date=2009-05-17 }}
-*[http://www.turkishweekly.net/news.php?id=27563 "Abu Ghraib is to Change: What about the mentality?" by Emre Ozkan, '''JTW''']
+* [http://www.turkishweekly.net/news.php?id=27563 "Abu Ghraib is to Change: What about the mentality?" by Emre Ozkan, '''JTW'''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070219154353/http://www.turkishweekly.net/news.php?id=27563 |date=2007-02-19 }}
-*[http://www.thanksjoedarby.com Thank You Joe Darby] &ndash; A site for expressions of support for Joe Darby, the soldier that exposed the graphic photos and video that brought the Abu Ghraib prison scandal to light.
+* [http://www.thanksjoedarby.com Thank You Joe Darby] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820050215/http://www.thanksjoedarby.com/ |date=2008-08-20 }} – A site for expressions of support for Joe Darby, the soldier that exposed the graphic photos and video that brought the Abu Ghraib prison scandal to light.
-*[http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/currentawareness/abughraib.php Abu Ghraib legal news and resources], [[JURIST]]
+* [http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/currentawareness/abughraib.php Abu Ghraib legal news and resources], [[JURIST]]
 [[Kategori:Hak asasi di Irak]]
@@ Baris 101: / Baris 101: @@
 [[Kategori:Perang Irak 2003]]
 [[Kategori:Kamp konsentrasi]]
-[[ar:سجن أبو غريب]]
-[[ast:Presidiu d'Abu Ghraib]]
-[[cs:Abú Ghrajb]]
-[[da:Abu Ghraib-fængslet]]
-[[de:Abu-Ghuraib-Gefängnis]]
-[[en:Abu Ghraib prison]]
-[[es:Prisión de Abu Ghraib]]
-[[fa:زندان ابوغریب]]
-[[fr:Prison d'Abou Ghraib]]
-[[gl:Presidio de Abu Ghraib]]
-[[he:כלא אבו גרייב]]
-[[it:Prigione di Abu Ghraib]]
-[[ja:アブグレイブ刑務所]]
-[[ku:Zîndana Ebûxirêbê]]
-[[ms:Penjara Abu Ghraib]]
-[[nl:Abu Ghraib-gevangenis]]
-[[pt:Prisão de Abu Ghraib]]
-[[ru:Тюрьма Абу-Грейб]]
-[[sv:Abu Ghurayb-fängelset]]
-[[zh:虐囚门事件]]