Title IX: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972''', sekarang dikenal dengan nama '''Patsy T. Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act''' untuk menghargai pencetusnya, |
'''Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972''', sekarang dikenal dengan nama '''Patsy T. Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act''' untuk menghargai pencetusnya, tetapi dikenal dengan nama '''Title IX''', adalah hukum AS sepanjang 37 kata yang diresmikan pada [[23 Juni]] [[1972]] yang menyatakan: "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance."<ref>20 [[United States Code|U.S.C.]] § 1681</ref> Hukum ini mencakup semua kegiatan pendidikan, termasuk [[olahraga]], kesehatan, fasilitas asrama, band sekolah, dan cheerleaders. |
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== Tiga syarat == |
== Tiga syarat == |
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Pada 1979, U.S. [[Department of Health, Education, and Welfare]] di bawah pemerintahan presiden [[Jimmy Carter]] mengeluarkan kebijakan penafsiran Title IX, termasuk tiga syarat untuk menguji suatu sekolah. |
Pada 1979, U.S. [[Department of Health, Education, and Welfare]] di bawah pemerintahan presiden [[Jimmy Carter]] mengeluarkan kebijakan penafsiran Title IX, termasuk tiga syarat untuk menguji suatu sekolah. |
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<ref>http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/t9interp.html</ref> |
<ref>http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/t9interp.html</ref> |
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<ref>IX: |
<ref>IX:https://archive.today/20120711094002/findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1568/is_10_31/ai_59580155</ref> |
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<ref>http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=3731</ref> |
<ref>http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=3731</ref> |
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#Syarat satu - Menyediakan kesempatan atletik yang seimbang untuk siswa, ATAU |
# Syarat satu - Menyediakan kesempatan atletik yang seimbang untuk siswa, ATAU |
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#Syarat dua - Mengembangkan kesempatan atletik untuk underrepresented gender, ATAU |
# Syarat dua - Mengembangkan kesempatan atletik untuk underrepresented gender, ATAU |
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#Syarat tiga - Memenuhi minat dan kemampuan underrepresented gender secara penuh dan efektif. |
# Syarat tiga - Memenuhi minat dan kemampuan underrepresented gender secara penuh dan efektif. |
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Penerima bantuan negara harus membuktikan mereka patuh pada Title IX dengan memenuhi salah satu dari tiga syarat di atas. |
Penerima bantuan negara harus membuktikan mereka patuh pada Title IX dengan memenuhi salah satu dari tiga syarat di atas. |
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Hukum ini dinamai Patsy T. Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act pada [[29 Oktober]] [[2002]], setelah kematian penulisnya, Congresswoman [[Patsy T. Mink]], walaupun ia dibantu oleh [[Edith Green]]. |
Hukum ini dinamai Patsy T. Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act pada [[29 Oktober]] [[2002]], setelah kematian penulisnya, Congresswoman [[Patsy T. Mink]], walaupun ia dibantu oleh [[Edith Green]]. |
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* [http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/cor/coord/titleixstat.htm Text of the original Title IX] |
* [http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/cor/coord/titleixstat.htm Text of the original Title IX] |
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* [http://www.titleix.info TitleIX.info], proponents of Title IX. |
* [http://www.titleix.info TitleIX.info], proponents of Title IX. |
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* [http://psg.com/~patf/TitleIX.pdf "The Case for Requiring a Proportionality Test to Assess Compliance with Title IX in High School Athletics"], ''Northern Illinois University Law Review'', vol. 23, No. 1 (fall 2002) |
* [http://psg.com/~patf/TitleIX.pdf "The Case for Requiring a Proportionality Test to Assess Compliance with Title IX in High School Athletics"]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''Northern Illinois University Law Review'', vol. 23, No. 1 (fall 2002) |
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* [http://www.aherofordaisy.com "A Hero For Daisy"], a film about a Title IX demonstration at [[Yale University]] in 1976. |
* [http://www.aherofordaisy.com "A Hero For Daisy"], a film about a Title IX demonstration at [[Yale University]] in 1976. |
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* [http://webpages.charter.net/womeninsport 29-year long longitudinal study], tracking the status of women and collegiate sport. |
* [http://webpages.charter.net/womeninsport 29-year long longitudinal study] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809191224/http://webpages.charter.net/womeninsport/ |date=2007-08-09 }}, tracking the status of women and collegiate sport. |
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* [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/14/nyregion/14title.html Equal Cheers for Boys and Girls Draws Some Boos] |
* [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/14/nyregion/14title.html Equal Cheers for Boys and Girls Draws Some Boos] |
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* [http://www.acluprocon.org/bin/procon/procon.cgi?database=5-H-Sub-2Q.db&command=viewone&op=t&id=4&rnd=179.2029913452886 Is Title IX a good law?] |
* [http://www.acluprocon.org/bin/procon/procon.cgi?database=5-H-Sub-2Q.db&command=viewone&op=t&id=4&rnd=179.2029913452886 Is Title IX a good law?] |
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* [http://www.ed.gov/about/bdscomm/list/athletics/report.html Secretary of Educations Commission on Opportunity. Title IX is another word for title opportunity in Athletics final report] |
* [http://www.ed.gov/about/bdscomm/list/athletics/report.html Secretary of Educations Commission on Opportunity. Title IX is another word for title opportunity in Athletics final report] |
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* [http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/title9guidanceadditional.html Additional Clarification of Intercollegiate Athletics Policy: Three-Part Test ― Part Three] |
* [http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/title9guidanceadditional.html Additional Clarification of Intercollegiate Athletics Policy: Three-Part Test ― Part Three] |
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* [http://video.google.com/videosearch?q=mslaw.edu&num=10&so=0&start=40 Video on The State of Title IX in America] |
* [http://video.google.com/videosearch?q=mslaw.edu&num=10&so=0&start=40 Video on The State of Title IX in America]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |
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[[Kategori: |
[[Kategori:Peraturan perundang-undangan Amerika Serikat]] |
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[[en:Title IX]] |
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Revisi terkini sejak 18 September 2023 18.01
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, sekarang dikenal dengan nama Patsy T. Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act untuk menghargai pencetusnya, tetapi dikenal dengan nama Title IX, adalah hukum AS sepanjang 37 kata yang diresmikan pada 23 Juni 1972 yang menyatakan: "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance."[1] Hukum ini mencakup semua kegiatan pendidikan, termasuk olahraga, kesehatan, fasilitas asrama, band sekolah, dan cheerleaders.
Tiga syarat
[sunting | sunting sumber]Pada 1979, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare di bawah pemerintahan presiden Jimmy Carter mengeluarkan kebijakan penafsiran Title IX, termasuk tiga syarat untuk menguji suatu sekolah. [2] [3] [4]
- Syarat satu - Menyediakan kesempatan atletik yang seimbang untuk siswa, ATAU
- Syarat dua - Mengembangkan kesempatan atletik untuk underrepresented gender, ATAU
- Syarat tiga - Memenuhi minat dan kemampuan underrepresented gender secara penuh dan efektif.
Penerima bantuan negara harus membuktikan mereka patuh pada Title IX dengan memenuhi salah satu dari tiga syarat di atas.
Hukum ini dinamai Patsy T. Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act pada 29 Oktober 2002, setelah kematian penulisnya, Congresswoman Patsy T. Mink, walaupun ia dibantu oleh Edith Green.
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Text of the original Title IX
- TitleIX.info, proponents of Title IX.
- "The Case for Requiring a Proportionality Test to Assess Compliance with Title IX in High School Athletics"[pranala nonaktif permanen], Northern Illinois University Law Review, vol. 23, No. 1 (fall 2002)
- "A Hero For Daisy", a film about a Title IX demonstration at Yale University in 1976.
- 29-year long longitudinal study Diarsipkan 2007-08-09 di Wayback Machine., tracking the status of women and collegiate sport.
- Equal Cheers for Boys and Girls Draws Some Boos
- Is Title IX a good law?
- Secretary of Educations Commission on Opportunity. Title IX is another word for title opportunity in Athletics final report
- Additional Clarification of Intercollegiate Athletics Policy: Three-Part Test ― Part Three
- Video on The State of Title IX in America[pranala nonaktif permanen]