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* Garmonsway, G. N. (ed. & trans.), ''The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'', 2nd edition (London, 1954; repr. 1965). |
* Garmonsway, G. N. (ed. & trans.), ''The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'', 2nd edition (London, 1954; repr. 1965). |
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* Gomme, George L., ''[http://socserv.mcmaster.ca/econ/ugcm/3ll3/gomme/PrimitiveFolkMoots.pdf Primitive Folkmoots; or, Open-Air Assemblies in Britain]'' (London, 1880). |
* Gomme, George L., ''[http://socserv.mcmaster.ca/econ/ugcm/3ll3/gomme/PrimitiveFolkMoots.pdf Primitive Folkmoots; or, Open-Air Assemblies in Britain]'' (London, 1880). |
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* {{cite book |author=Hindley, Geoffrey |year =2006 |title=A Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons |publisher=Robinson |place = London}} |
* {{cite book |author=Hindley, Geoffrey |year =2006 |title=A Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons |url=https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofan0000hind |publisher=Robinson |place = London}} |
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* Hodgkin, Thomas, ''The History of England from the Earliest Times to the Norman Conquest'' (New York, 1906; repr. New York 1969) |
* Hodgkin, Thomas, ''The History of England from the Earliest Times to the Norman Conquest'' (New York, 1906; repr. New York 1969) |
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* Hollister, C. Warren. ''The Making of England, 55 B.C. to 1399'' (7th ed. 1995) ch 3 |
* Hollister, C. Warren. ''The Making of England, 55 B.C. to 1399'' (7th ed. 1995) ch 3 |
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* {{cite book|author=Thorpe, Benjamin|title=Ancient Laws and Institutes of England: Comprising Laws Enacted Under the Anglo-Saxon Kings from Æthelbirht to Cnut, with an English Translation of the Saxon; the Laws Called Edward the Confessor's; the Laws of William the Conqueror, and Those Ascribed to Henry the First|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-w0tAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA317|origyear=1840|year=2012|page=317}} |
* {{cite book|author=Thorpe, Benjamin|title=Ancient Laws and Institutes of England: Comprising Laws Enacted Under the Anglo-Saxon Kings from Æthelbirht to Cnut, with an English Translation of the Saxon; the Laws Called Edward the Confessor's; the Laws of William the Conqueror, and Those Ascribed to Henry the First|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-w0tAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA317|origyear=1840|year=2012|page=317}} |
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* Whitelock, Dorothy, Review of ''The Witenagemot in the Reign of Edward the Confessor'' by Tryggvi J. Oleson, ''The English Historical Review'' 71 (1956): 640-42. |
* Whitelock, Dorothy, Review of ''The Witenagemot in the Reign of Edward the Confessor'' by Tryggvi J. Oleson, ''The English Historical Review'' 71 (1956): 640-42. |
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* {{cite book|first= Patrick|last= Wormald |title=The Making of English Law: King Alfred to the Twelfth Century |authorlink= |publisher=Blackwell |year=1999 |edition= |location=Oxford |isbn=0-631-13496-4 }} |
* {{cite book|first= Patrick|last= Wormald |title=The Making of English Law: King Alfred to the Twelfth Century |url= https://archive.org/details/makingofenglishl0000worm|authorlink= |publisher=Blackwell |year=1999 |edition= |location=Oxford |isbn=0-631-13496-4 }} |
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== Bacaan tambahan == |
== Bacaan tambahan == |
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Revisi terkini sejak 10 Oktober 2023 08.40
Witenaġemot (bahasa Inggris Kuno: witena ġemōt, pengucapan Inggris Kuno: [ˈwitena jeˈmoːt], Inggris modern /ˈwɪtənəɡəˈmoʊt/ "meeting of wise men"), juga dikenal sebagai Witan (sebenarnya lebih kepada gelar para anggotanya) adalah sebuah lembaga politik di Inggris Angli-Sachsen yang beroperasi dari sebelum abad ke-7 sampai abad ke-11. Witenagemot adalah sebuah majelis yang fungsi utamanya adalah untuk menasehati raja dan seluruh anggotanya terdiri dari para bangsawan paling penting di Inggris, baik gerejawi maupun sekuler.
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Chadwick, H. M., Studies on Anglo-Saxon Institutions (Cambridge, 1905).
- Garmonsway, G. N. (ed. & trans.), The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 2nd edition (London, 1954; repr. 1965).
- Gomme, George L., Primitive Folkmoots; or, Open-Air Assemblies in Britain (London, 1880).
- Hindley, Geoffrey (2006). A Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons. London: Robinson.
- Hodgkin, Thomas, The History of England from the Earliest Times to the Norman Conquest (New York, 1906; repr. New York 1969)
- Hollister, C. Warren. The Making of England, 55 B.C. to 1399 (7th ed. 1995) ch 3
- Lapidge, Michael; et al., ed. (2001). The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England. Blackwell.
- Liebermann, Felix, The National Assembly in the Anglo-Saxon Period (Halle, 1913; repr. New York, 1961).
- Maddicott, J. R., (2010) The Origins of the English Parliament, Oxford University Press
- Thorpe, Benjamin (2012) [1840]. Ancient Laws and Institutes of England: Comprising Laws Enacted Under the Anglo-Saxon Kings from Æthelbirht to Cnut, with an English Translation of the Saxon; the Laws Called Edward the Confessor's; the Laws of William the Conqueror, and Those Ascribed to Henry the First. hlm. 317.
- Whitelock, Dorothy, Review of The Witenagemot in the Reign of Edward the Confessor by Tryggvi J. Oleson, The English Historical Review 71 (1956): 640-42.
- Wormald, Patrick (1999). The Making of English Law: King Alfred to the Twelfth Century. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-13496-4.
Bacaan tambahan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Roach, Levi (2013). Kingship and Consent in Anglo-Saxon England, 871-978: Assemblies and the State in the Early Middle Ages. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107036536.