Kerasukan: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan

Sebaris

Revisi terkini sejak 10 Oktober 2023 16.55

Kerasukan atau kesurupan adalah keadaan kesadaran yang tidak biasa atau berubah dan perubahan perilaku terkait yang konon disebabkan oleh pengendailan tubuh manusia oleh roh, hantu, setan, atau dewa.^[1] Konsep kerasukan roh atau entitas gaib dijumpai dalam banyak budaya dan agama, termasuk Buddha, Kristen,^[2] Vodou Haiti, Hindu, Islam, Wicca, dan kepercayaan tradisional di Asia Tenggara serta Afrika. Tergantung pada konteks budaya di mana ia ditemukan, kerasukan dapat berupa sukarela atau tidak sukarela dan dapat dianggap memiliki efek menguntungkan atau merugikan pada individu yang mengalaminya.

Dalam sebuah studi pada tahun 1969 yang didanai oleh National Institute of Mental Health, kepercayaan mengenai kerasukan ditemukan pada 74 persen dari 488 sampel masyarakat yang mewakili berbagai belahan dunia, masyarakat dengan kepercayaan tertinggi ditemui dalam budaya Pasifik, dan insiden kerasukan terendah ditemui pada penduduk asli Amerika di Amerika Utara dan Amerika Selatan.^[3]^[1] Ketika gereja-gereja Kristen Pantekosta dan Karismatik pindah ke wilayah Afrika dan Oseanik, akulturasi kepercayaan dapat terjadi, "setan" sering digunakan untuk menggambarkan agama-agama asli "lama", yang diusir oleh para pendeta Kristen.^[4]

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ ^a ^b Jones (2005), hlm. 8687.
^ Markus 5:9, Lukas 8:30
^ Bourguignon & Ucko (1969).
^ Robbins (2004a), hlm. 117–143.

Bibliografi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Adler, Margo (1997). Drawing Down the Moon. Penguin.
Allen, Tim (July 1991). "Understanding Alice: Uganda's Holy Spirit Movement in context". Africa. 61 (3): 370–399. doi:10.2307/1160031. JSTOR 1160031.
Al-Krenawi, A.; Graham, J.R. (1997). "Spirit Possession and Exorcism in the Treatment of a Bedouin Psychiatric Patient". Clinical Social Work Journal. 25: 211. doi:10.1023/A:1025714626136.
Alpers, Edward A. (1984). "'Ordinary Household Chores': Ritual and Power in a 19th-Century Swahili Women's Spirit Possession Cult". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 17 (4): 677–702. doi:10.2307/218907. JSTOR 218907.
Amorth, Gabriele (1999). An Exorcist Tells his Story. Diterjemahkan oleh MacKenzie, Nicoletta V. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. hlm. 33.
Baglio, Matt (2009). The Rite: The Making of a Modern Exorcist. New York: Doubleday.
Beyerstein, Barry L. (1995). "Dissociative States: Possession and Exorcism". Dalam Stein, Gordon. The Encyclopedia of the Paranormal. Prometheus Books. hlm. 544-552. ISBN 1-57392-021-5.
Bhavsar, Vishal; Ventriglio, Antonio; Dinesh, Bhugra (2016). "Dissociative trance and spirit possession: Challenges for cultures in transition". Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 70 (12): 551–559. doi:10.1111/pcn.12425. PMID 27485275.
Bohak, Gideon (2008). Ancient Jewish magic: a history.
Bourguignon, Erika; Ucko, Lenora (1969). Cross-Cultural Study of Dissociational States. The Ohio State University Research Foundation with National Institute of Mental Health grant.
Braitmayer, Lars; Hecker, Tobias; Van Duijl, Marjolein (2015). "Global mental health and trauma exposure: The current evidence for the relationship between traumatic experiences and spirit possession". European Journal of Plsychotraumatology. 6: 29126. doi:10.3402/ejpt.v6.29126. PMC 4654771 . PMID 26589259. </ref>
Broch, Harald Beyer (1985). "'Crazy Women are Performing in Sombali': A Possession-Trance Ritual on Bonerate, Indonesia". Ethos. 13 (3): 262–282. doi:10.1525/eth.1985.13.3.02a00040. JSTOR 640005.
Broedel, Hans Peter (2003). The Malleus Maleficarum and the Construction of Witchcraft. Great Britain: Manchester University Press. hlm. 32–33. ISBN 9780719064418.
Bulkeley, Kelly; Adams, Kate; Davis, Patricia M., ed. (2009). Dreaming in Christianity and Islam: Culture, Conflict, and Creativity. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. hlm. 148. ISBN 978-0-813-54610-0.
Buswell, Robert Jr.; Lopez, Donald S.Jr., ed. (2013). Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. hlm. 530–531, 550, 829. ISBN 9780691157863.
Calmet, Augustine (1751). Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants: of Hungary, Moravia, et al. The Complete Volumes I & II. 2016. ISBN 978-1-5331-4568-0.
Chodkiewicz, M. (2012). "Rūḥāniyya". Dalam Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. Encyclopaedia of Islam (edisi ke-2nd). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_6323. ISBN 978-90-04-16121-4.
Cuneo, Michael (1999). "Contemporary American Religion". Gale eBooks. Diakses tanggal December 3, 2019.
Dart, Jon Anderson (1990). Dharmadasa, Karuna N.O.; De Alwis Samarasinghe, S.W.R., ed. The Vanishing aborigines : Sri Lanka's Veddas in transition. New Delhi: International Centre for Ethnic Studies in association with NORAD and Vikas Pub. House. hlm. 83. ISBN 978-0706952988.
De Heusch, Luc (2 October 2007). "Jean Rouch and the Birth of Visual Anthropology: A Brief History of the Comité international du film ethnographique". Visual Anthropology. 20 (5): 365–386. doi:10.1080/08949460701424155.
Dein, S. (2013). "Jinn and mental health: Looking at jinn possession in modern psychiatric practice". The Psychiatrist. 37 (9): 290–293. doi:10.1192/pb.bp.113.042721.
Diem, Werner; Schöller, Marco (2004). The Living and the Dead in Islam: Epitaphs as texts. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. hlm. 144. ISBN 9783447050838.
Erlendsson, Haraldur (2003). "Multiple Personality Disorder - Demons and Angels or Archetypal aspects of the inner self". ^{[sumber terbitan sendiri?]}
Ferracuti, Stefano; Sacco, Roberto; Lazzari, R (June 1996). "Dissociative Trance Disorder: Clinical and Rorschach Findings in Ten Persons Reporting Demon Possession and Treated by Exorcism". Journal of Personality Assessment. 66 (3): 525–539. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6603_4. PMID 8667145.
Gomm, Roger (1975). "Bargaining from Weakness: Spirit Possession on the South Kenya Coast". Man. 10 (4): 530–543. doi:10.2307/2800131. JSTOR 2800131.
Goodwin, Jean; Hill, Sally; Attias, Reina (June 1990). "Historical and folk techniques of exorcism: applications to the treatment of dissociative disorders". Dissociation. 3 (2): 94–101. hdl:1794/1530.
Griffel, Frank (2005). Islam and rationality : the impact of al-Ghazālī : papers collected on his 900th anniversary. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. hlm. 103. ISBN 978-9-004-29095-2.
Hamer, John; Hamer, Irene (1966). "Spirit Possession and Its Socio-Psychological Implications among the Sidamo of Southwest Ethiopia". Ethnology. 5 (4): 392–408. doi:10.2307/3772719. JSTOR 3772719.
Hayes, Kelly E. (August 2008). "Wicked Women and Femmes Fatales: Gender, Power, and Pomba Gira in Brazil". History of Religions. 48 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1086/592152.
Henderson, J. (1981). "Exorcism and Possession in Psychotherapy Practice". 2. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry: 129–134.
Hezel, Francis X. (1993). "Spirit Possession in Chuuk: Socio-Cultural Interpretation". 11. Micronesian Counselor.
Igreja, Victor; Dias-Lambranca, Béatrice; Richters, Annemiek (June 2008). "Gamba spirits, gender relations, and healing in post-civil war Gorongosa, Mozambique". Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. 14 (2): 353–371. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9655.2008.00506.x.
Jones, Lindsay (2005). Encyclopedia of Religion. 13 (edisi ke-2). Detroit, MI: Macmillan Reference USA. hlm. 8687. ISBN 0-02-865733-0.
Karanci, A. Nuray (2014). "Concerns About Schizophrenia or Possession?". Journal of Religion and Health. 53 (6): 1691–1692. doi:10.1007/s10943-014-9910-7. PMID 25056667.
Kehoe, Alice B.; Giletti, Dody H. (September 1981). "Women's Preponderance in Possession Cults: The Calcium-Deficiency Hypothesis Extended". American Anthropologist. 83 (3): 549–561. doi:10.1525/aa.1981.83.3.02a00030 .
Kinnard, Jacob (2006). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practice. Gale Virtual Reference Library: Gale.
Lambek, Michael (November 1988). "spirit possession/spirit succession: aspects of social continuity among Malagasy speakers in Mayotte". American Ethnologist. 15 (4): 710–731. doi:10.1525/ae.1988.15.4.02a00070.
Lewis, I. M. (1966). "Spirit Possession and Deprivation Cults". Man. 1 (3): 307–329. doi:10.2307/2796794. JSTOR 2796794.
Maʻrūf, Muḥammad (2007). Jinn Eviction as a Discourse of Power: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Modern Morrocan Magical Beliefs and Practices. Brill. hlm. 2. ISBN 9789004160996.
Malachi, M. (1976). Hostage to the Devil: the possession and exorcism of five living Americans. San Francisco: Harpercollins. hlm. 462. ISBN 0-06-065337-X.
<ref>Meldon, J.A. (1908). "Notes on the Sudanese in Uganda". Journal of the Royal African Society. 7 (26): 123–146. JSTOR 715079.
McIntosh, Janet (March 2004). "Reluctant Muslims: embodied hegemony and moral resistance in a Giriama spirit possession complex". Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. 10 (1): 91–112. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9655.2004.00181.x.
Nabokov, Isabelle (1997). "Expel the Lover, Recover the Wife: Symbolic Analysis of a South Indian Exorcism". The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. 3 (2): 297–316. doi:10.2307/3035021. JSTOR 3035021.
Netzley, Patricia D. (2002). The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of Witchcraft. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press. hlm. 206. ISBN 9780737746389.
Noll, Richard (2009). The Encyclopedia of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders. Infobase Publishing. hlm. 129–. ISBN 978-0-8160-7508-9.
O'Connell, M. C. (1982). "Spirit Possession and Role Stress among the Xesibe of Eastern Transkei". Ethnology. 21 (1): 21–37. doi:10.2307/3773703. JSTOR 3773703.
Ong, Aihwa (February 1988). "the production of possession: spirits and the multinational corporation in Malaysia". American Ethnologist. 15 (1): 28–42. doi:10.1525/ae.1988.15.1.02a00030.
Oxtoby; Amore, ed. (2010). World Religions: Eastern Traditions (edisi ke-3). Oxford University Press. hlm. 9, 256–319.
Queiroz, Ruben Caixeta de (December 2012). "Between the sensible and the intelligible: Anthropology and the cinema of Marcel Mauss and Jean Rouch". Vibrant: Virtual Brazilian Anthropology. 9 (2): 184–211. doi:10.1590/S1809-43412012000200007 .
Rassool, G. Hussein (2015). Islamic Counselling: An Introduction to theory and practice. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-44124-3.
Robbins, Joel (1998). "Becoming Sinners: Christianity and Desire among the Urapmin of Papua New Guinea". Ethnology. 37 (4): 299–316. doi:10.2307/3773784. JSTOR 3773784.
Robbins, Joel (2004a). "The globalization of pentecostal and charismatic Christianity". Annual Review of Anthropology. 33: 117–143. doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.32.061002.093421. ProQuest 199862299.
Robbins, Joel (2004b). Becoming Sinners: Christianity and Moral Torment in a Papua New Guinea Society. University of California Press. hlm. 284. ISBN 0-520-23800-1.
Ángel Manuel Rodríguez (1998), "Old Testament demonology", Ministry: International Journal for Pastors, 7 (6): 5–7, diakses tanggal October 29, 2017
Sells, Michael Anthony (1996). Early Islamic Mysticism: Sufi, Qurʼan, Miraj, Poetic and Theological Writings. Paulist Press. hlm. 143. ISBN 978-0-809-13619-3.
Shack, William A. (1971). "Hunger, Anxiety, and Ritual: Deprivation and Spirit Possession Among the Gurage of Ethiopia". Man. 6 (1): 30–43. doi:10.2307/2798425. JSTOR 2798425.
Showalter, Brandon (26 May 2021). "UK Baptist group warns against occultism amid rise in grief-stricken seeking to contact the dead" (dalam bahasa English). The Christian Post. Diakses tanggal 27 May 2021.
Snodgrass, Jeffrey G. (2002). "Imitation Is Far More than the Sincerest of Flattery: The Mimetic Power of Spirit Possession in Rajasthan, India". Cultural Anthropology. 17 (1): 32–64. doi:10.1525/can.2002.17.1.32. JSTOR 656672.
Strickmann, Michel (2002). Faure, Bernard, ed. Chinese Magical Medicine. Stanford University Press. hlm. 65, 251.
Sutherland, Gail Hinich (2013). "Demons and the Demonic in Buddhism". Oxford Bibliographies. doi:10.1093/OBO/9780195393521-0171. Diakses tanggal December 12, 2019.
Szombathy, Zoltan (2014). "Exorcism". Dalam Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett. Encyclopaedia of Islam. 3. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_26268. ISBN 9789004269637.
Tanner, R.E.S. (1955). "Hysteria in Sukuma Medical Practice". Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. 25 (3): 274–279. doi:10.2307/1157107. JSTOR 1157107.
Tennant, Agnieszka (September 3, 2001). "In need of deliverance". Christianity Today. 45: 46–48+. ProQuest 211985417.
Verter, Bradford (1999). Contemporary American Religions. Gale eBooks: Macmillan Reference USA. hlm. 187.
Wahlen, Clinton (2004). Jesus and the impurity of spirits in the Synoptic Gospels. hlm. 19. The Jewish magical papyri and incantation bowls may also shed light on our investigation. However, the fact that all of these sources are generally dated from the third to fifth centuries and beyond requires us to exercise particular ...
Warren, Brett (2019). The Annotated Daemonologie: A Critical Edition. ISBN 978-1532968914.
Westermarck, Edward (23 Apr 2014). Ritual and Belief in Morocco. Routledge Revivals. 1. Routledge. hlm. 263–264. ISBN 9781317912682.
Wilkinson, Tracy (2007). The Vatican's Exorcists. New York: Warner Books. hlm. 25.

Artikel bertopik agama atau kepercayaan ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

Artikel bertopik okultisme ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

Artikel bertopik antropologi ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[FOOTNOTEJones20058687-1] Jones (2005), hlm. 8687.

[new1-2] Markus 5:9, Lukas 8:30

[FOOTNOTEBourguignonUcko1969-3] Bourguignon & Ucko (1969).

[FOOTNOTERobbins2004a117–143-4] Robbins (2004a), hlm. 117–143.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
-'''Kerasukan''' atau '''kesurupan''' adalah keadaan [[kesadaran]] yang tidak biasa atau berubah dan perubahan perilaku terkait yang konon disebabkan oleh pengendailan tubuh [[manusia]] oleh [[roh]], [[hantu]], [[setan]], atau [[dewa]].{{sfnp|Jones|2005|page=8687}} Konsep kerasukan roh atau entitas gaib dijumpai dalam banyak [[budaya]] dan [[agama]], termasuk [[Buddha]], [[Kristen]],<ref name="new1">Mark 5:9, Luke 8:30</ref> [[Vodou Haiti]], [[Hindu]], [[Islam]], [[Wicca]], dan kepercayaan tradisional di [[Asia Tenggara]] serta [[Afrika]]. Tergantung pada konteks budaya di mana ia ditemukan, kerasukan dapat berupa sukarela atau tidak sukarela dan dapat dianggap memiliki efek menguntungkan atau merugikan pada individu yang mengalaminya.
+'''Kerasukan''' atau '''kesurupan''' adalah keadaan [[kesadaran]] yang tidak biasa atau berubah dan perubahan perilaku terkait yang konon disebabkan oleh pengendailan tubuh [[manusia]] oleh [[roh]], [[hantu]], [[setan]], atau [[dewa]].{{sfnp|Jones|2005|page=8687}} Konsep kerasukan roh atau entitas gaib dijumpai dalam banyak [[budaya]] dan [[agama]], termasuk [[Buddha]], [[Kristen]],<ref name="new1">Markus 5:9, Lukas 8:30</ref> [[Vodou Haiti]], [[Hindu]], [[Islam]], [[Wicca]], dan kepercayaan tradisional di [[Asia Tenggara]] serta [[Afrika]]. Tergantung pada konteks budaya di mana ia ditemukan, kerasukan dapat berupa sukarela atau tidak sukarela dan dapat dianggap memiliki efek menguntungkan atau merugikan pada individu yang mengalaminya.
-Dalam sebuah studi pada tahun 1969 yang didanai oleh [[National Institute of Mental Health]], keyakinan kerasukan roh ditemukan ada di 74 persen dari sampel 488 masyarakat di semua bagian dunia, dengan jumlah masyarakat yang percaya tertinggi dalam budaya Pasifik, insiden kerasukan terendah ditemui pada [[penduduk asli Amerika]] di [[Amerika Utara]] dan [[Amerika Selatan]].{{sfnp|Bourguignon|Ucko|1969}}{{sfnp|Jones|2005|page=8687}} Ketika gereja-gereja Kristen Pantekosta dan Karismatik pindah ke wilayah Afrika dan Oseanik, akulturasi kepercayaan dapat terjadi, "setan" sering digunakan untuk menggambarkan agama-agama asli "lama", yang diusir oleh para pendeta Kristen.{{sfnp|Robbins|2004a|pp=117–143}}
+Dalam sebuah studi pada tahun 1969 yang didanai oleh [[National Institute of Mental Health]], kepercayaan mengenai kerasukan ditemukan pada 74 persen dari 488 sampel masyarakat yang mewakili berbagai belahan dunia, masyarakat dengan kepercayaan tertinggi ditemui dalam budaya Pasifik, dan insiden kerasukan terendah ditemui pada [[penduduk asli Amerika]] di [[Amerika Utara]] dan [[Amerika Selatan]].{{sfnp|Bourguignon|Ucko|1969}}{{sfnp|Jones|2005|page=8687}} Ketika gereja-gereja Kristen Pantekosta dan Karismatik pindah ke wilayah Afrika dan Oseanik, akulturasi kepercayaan dapat terjadi, "setan" sering digunakan untuk menggambarkan agama-agama asli "lama", yang diusir oleh para pendeta Kristen.{{sfnp|Robbins|2004a|pp=117–143}}
 ==Referensi==
@@ Baris 13: / Baris 13: @@
 * {{cite journal |last1=Al-Krenawi |first1=A. |last2=Graham |first2=J.R. |title=Spirit Possession and Exorcism in the Treatment of a Bedouin Psychiatric Patient |journal=Clinical Social Work Journal |year=1997 |volume=25 |page=211 |doi=10.1023/A:1025714626136}}
 * {{cite journal |last1=Alpers |first1=Edward A. |title='Ordinary Household Chores': Ritual and Power in a 19th-Century Swahili Women's Spirit Possession Cult |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |date=1984 |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=677–702 |doi=10.2307/218907 |jstor=218907}}
-* {{cite book |last1=Amorth |first1=Gabriele |title=An Exorcist Tells his Story |translator1-last=MacKenzie |translator1-first=Nicoletta V. |publisher=Ignatius Press |location=San Francisco |year=1999 |page=33}}
+* {{cite book |last1=Amorth |first1=Gabriele |title=An Exorcist Tells his Story |url=https://archive.org/details/exorcisttellshis0000amor |translator1-last=MacKenzie |translator1-first=Nicoletta V. |publisher=Ignatius Press |location=San Francisco |year=1999 |page=[https://archive.org/details/exorcisttellshis0000amor/page/n36 33]}}
 <!-- B -->
-* {{cite book |last1=Baglio |first1=Matt |title=The Rite: The Making of a Modern Exorcist |publisher=[[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]] |location=New York |year=2009}}
+* {{cite book |last1=Baglio |first1=Matt |title=The Rite: The Making of a Modern Exorcist |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_2740299333059 |publisher=[[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]] |location=New York |year=2009}}
-* {{cite book |last1=[[Barry Beyerstein|Beyerstein]] |first1=Barry L. |year=1995 |contribution=Dissociative States: Possession and Exorcism |editor1-last=[[Gordon Stein|Stein]] |editor1-first=Gordon |title=The Encyclopedia of the Paranormal |publisher=[[Prometheus Books]] |pages=544-552 |isbn=1-57392-021-5}}
+* {{cite book |last1=[[Barry Beyerstein|Beyerstein]] |first1=Barry L. |year=1995 |contribution=Dissociative States: Possession and Exorcism |editor1-last=[[Gordon Stein|Stein]] |editor1-first=Gordon |title=The Encyclopedia of the Paranormal |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpa0000unse_f0y3 |publisher=[[Prometheus Books]] |pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpa0000unse_f0y3/page/544 544]-552 |isbn=1-57392-021-5}}
 * {{cite journal |last1=Bhavsar |first1=Vishal |last2=Ventriglio |first2=Antonio |last3=Dinesh |first3=Bhugra |title=Dissociative trance and spirit possession: Challenges for cultures in transition |journal=Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology |volume=70 |issue=12 |pages=551–559 |publisher=Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences |doi=10.1111/pcn.12425 |year=2016 |pmid=27485275 |s2cid=24609757}}
 * {{cite book |last1=Bohak |first1=Gideon |title=Ancient Jewish magic: a history |year=2008}}
@@ Baris 24: / Baris 24: @@
 * {{cite book |last=Broedel |first=Hans Peter |title=The Malleus Maleficarum and the Construction of Witchcraft |url=https://archive.org/details/malleusmaleficar00broe |url-access=limited |location=Great Britain |publisher=[[Manchester University Press]] |year=2003 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/malleusmaleficar00broe/page/n42 32]–33 |isbn=9780719064418}}
 * {{Cite book |editor1-last=Bulkeley|editor1-first=Kelly|editor2-last=Adams|editor2-first=Kate|editor3-last=Davis|editor3-first=Patricia M.|title=Dreaming in Christianity and Islam: Culture, Conflict, and Creativity|publisher=Rutgers University Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-813-54610-0|location=New Brunswick, NJ|pages=148}}
-* {{cite book|editor1-last=Buswell|editor1-first=Robert Jr.|editor2-last=Lopez|editor2-first=Donald S.Jr.|editor1-link=Robert Buswell Jr.|editor2-link=Donald S. Lopez Jr.|title=Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism.|pages=530–531, 550, 829|date=2013|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, NJ|isbn=9780691157863}}
+* {{cite book|editor1-last=Buswell|editor1-first=Robert Jr.|editor2-last=Lopez|editor2-first=Donald S.Jr.|editor1-link=Robert Buswell Jr.|editor2-link=Donald S. Lopez Jr.|title=Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism.|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780691157863|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780691157863/page/530 530]–531, 550, 829|date=2013|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, NJ|isbn=9780691157863}}
 <!-- C -->
 * {{cite book|last1=Calmet|first1=Augustine|title=Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants: of Hungary, Moravia, et al. The Complete Volumes I & II. 2016|date=1751|isbn=978-1-5331-4568-0}}
@@ Baris 30: / Baris 30: @@
 * {{Cite web|last=Cuneo|first=Michael|title=Contemporary American Religion|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3401300162/GVRL?u=epfl&sid=GVRL&xid=f44d94ec|date=1999|website=Gale eBooks|access-date=December 3, 2019}}
 <!-- D -->
-* {{cite book |author1-last=Dart |author1-first=Jon Anderson |title=The Vanishing aborigines : Sri Lanka's Veddas in transition |editor1-last=Dharmadasa |editor1-first=Karuna N.O. |editor2-last=De Alwis Samarasinghe |editor2-first=S.W.R. |date=1990 |publisher=International Centre for Ethnic Studies in association with NORAD and Vikas Pub. House |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-0706952988 |page=83}}
+* {{cite book |author1-last=Dart |author1-first=Jon Anderson |title=The Vanishing aborigines : Sri Lanka's Veddas in transition |url=https://archive.org/details/vanishingaborigi00unse |editor1-last=Dharmadasa |editor1-first=Karuna N.O. |editor2-last=De Alwis Samarasinghe |editor2-first=S.W.R. |date=1990 |publisher=International Centre for Ethnic Studies in association with NORAD and Vikas Pub. House |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-0706952988 |page=[https://archive.org/details/vanishingaborigi00unse/page/n84 83]}}
 * {{cite journal |last1=De Heusch |first1=Luc |author-link1=Luc de Heusch |title=Jean Rouch and the Birth of Visual Anthropology: A Brief History of the Comité international du film ethnographique |journal=Visual Anthropology |date=2 October 2007 |year=2007 |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=365–386 |doi=10.1080/08949460701424155 |s2cid=143785372}}
 * {{Cite journal|last=Dein|first=S.|s2cid=29032393|date=2013|title=Jinn and mental health: Looking at jinn possession in modern psychiatric practice|journal=The Psychiatrist|volume=37|issue=9|pages=290–293|doi=10.1192/pb.bp.113.042721}}
@@ Baris 59: / Baris 59: @@
 * {{cite journal |last1=Lewis |first1=I. M. |title=Spirit Possession and Deprivation Cults |journal=Man |date=1966 |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=307–329 |doi=10.2307/2796794 |jstor=2796794}}
 <!-- M -->
-* {{cite book |last1=Maʻrūf |first1=Muḥammad |title=Jinn Eviction as a Discourse of Power: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Modern Morrocan Magical Beliefs and Practices |publisher=Brill |year=2007 |isbn=9789004160996 |page=2}}
+* {{cite book |last1=Maʻrūf |first1=Muḥammad |title=Jinn Eviction as a Discourse of Power: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Modern Morrocan Magical Beliefs and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/jinnevictionasdi00maar |publisher=Brill |year=2007 |isbn=9789004160996 |page=[https://archive.org/details/jinnevictionasdi00maar/page/n18 2]}}
 * {{cite book |last1=Malachi |first1=M. |year=1976 |title=Hostage to the Devil: the possession and exorcism of five living Americans |location=San Francisco |publisher=Harpercollins |page=462 |isbn=0-06-065337-X}}
 * <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Meldon|first=J.A.|date=1908|title=Notes on the Sudanese in Uganda|journal=Journal of the Royal African Society|volume=7|issue=26|pages=123–146|jstor=715079}}
@@ Baris 84: / Baris 84: @@
 * {{cite web |last1=Showalter |first1=Brandon |title=UK Baptist group warns against occultism amid rise in grief-stricken seeking to contact the dead |url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/baptist-group-warns-against-seeking-occult-to-speak-to-the-dead.html |publisher=[[The Christian Post]] |access-date=27 May 2021 |language=English |date=26 May 2021 |year=2021}}
 * {{cite journal |last1=Snodgrass |first1=Jeffrey G. |title=Imitation Is Far More than the Sincerest of Flattery: The Mimetic Power of Spirit Possession in Rajasthan, India |journal=Cultural Anthropology |date=2002 |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=32–64 |doi=10.1525/can.2002.17.1.32 |jstor=656672}}
-* {{cite book |last1=Strickmann |first1=Michel |year=2002 |title=Chinese Magical Medicine |editor1-last=Faure |editor1-first=Bernard |publisher=Stanford University Press |pages=65, 251}}
+* {{cite book |last1=Strickmann |first1=Michel |year=2002 |title=Chinese Magical Medicine |url=https://archive.org/details/chinesemagicalme00stri |editor1-last=Faure |editor1-first=Bernard |publisher=Stanford University Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/chinesemagicalme00stri/page/n38 65], 251}}
 * {{cite web|last1=Sutherland|first1=Gail Hinich|title=Demons and the Demonic in Buddhism|website=Oxford Bibliographies|url=http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195393521/obo-9780195393521-0171.xml|doi=10.1093/OBO/9780195393521-0171|access-date=December 12, 2019|year=2013}}
 * {{cite book |last1=Szombathy |first1=Zoltan |contribution=Exorcism |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |volume=3 |editor1-last=Fleet |editor1-first=Kate |editor2-last=Krämer |editor2-first=Gudrun |editor3-last=Matringe |editor3-first=Denis |editor4-last=Nawas |editor4-first=John |editor5-last=Rowson |editor5-first=Everett |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_26268 |year=2014 |isbn=9789004269637}}
@@ Baris 96: / Baris 96: @@
 * {{cite book |last1=Warren |first1=Brett |title=The Annotated Daemonologie: A Critical Edition |date=2019 |isbn=978-1532968914}}
 * {{cite book |last1= Westermarck |first1=Edward |title=Ritual and Belief in Morocco |volume=1 |series=Routledge Revivals |publisher=Routledge |date=23 Apr 2014 |year=2014 |isbn=9781317912682 |pages=263-264}}
-* {{cite book |last1=Wilkinson |first1= Tracy |title=The Vatican's Exorcists |publisher=[[Hachette Book Group#Current imprints|Warner Books]] |location=New York |year=2007 |page=25}}
+* {{cite book |last1=Wilkinson |first1= Tracy |title=The Vatican's Exorcists |url=https://archive.org/details/vaticansexorcist00wilk |publisher=[[Hachette Book Group#Current imprints|Warner Books]] |location=New York |year=2007 |page=[https://archive.org/details/vaticansexorcist00wilk/page/25 25]}}
 {{refend}}
@@ Baris 108: / Baris 108: @@
 [[Kategori:Forteana]]
 [[Kategori:Neuroteologi]]
-[[Kategori:Terminologi paranormal]]
+[[Kategori:Istilah paranormal]]
 {{agama-stub}}
 {{okultisme-stub}}

Pengawasan otoritas
Umum	Integrated Authority File (Jerman)
Perpustakaan nasional	Spanyol Prancis (data) Amerika Serikat Jepang
Lain-lain	Faceted Application of Subject Terminology Microsoft Academic SUDOC (Prancis) 1 2