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* {{cite journal |last1=Al-Krenawi |first1=A. |last2=Graham |first2=J.R. |title=Spirit Possession and Exorcism in the Treatment of a Bedouin Psychiatric Patient |journal=Clinical Social Work Journal |year=1997 |volume=25 |page=211 |doi=10.1023/A:1025714626136}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Al-Krenawi |first1=A. |last2=Graham |first2=J.R. |title=Spirit Possession and Exorcism in the Treatment of a Bedouin Psychiatric Patient |journal=Clinical Social Work Journal |year=1997 |volume=25 |page=211 |doi=10.1023/A:1025714626136}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Alpers |first1=Edward A. |title='Ordinary Household Chores': Ritual and Power in a 19th-Century Swahili Women's Spirit Possession Cult |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |date=1984 |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=677–702 |doi=10.2307/218907 |jstor=218907}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Alpers |first1=Edward A. |title='Ordinary Household Chores': Ritual and Power in a 19th-Century Swahili Women's Spirit Possession Cult |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |date=1984 |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=677–702 |doi=10.2307/218907 |jstor=218907}}
* {{cite book |last1=Amorth |first1=Gabriele |title=An Exorcist Tells his Story |translator1-last=MacKenzie |translator1-first=Nicoletta V. |publisher=Ignatius Press |location=San Francisco |year=1999 |page=33}}
* {{cite book |last1=Amorth |first1=Gabriele |title=An Exorcist Tells his Story |url=https://archive.org/details/exorcisttellshis0000amor |translator1-last=MacKenzie |translator1-first=Nicoletta V. |publisher=Ignatius Press |location=San Francisco |year=1999 |page=[https://archive.org/details/exorcisttellshis0000amor/page/n36 33]}}
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* {{cite book |last1=Baglio |first1=Matt |title=The Rite: The Making of a Modern Exorcist |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_2740299333059 |publisher=[[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]] |location=New York |year=2009}}
* {{cite book |last1=Baglio |first1=Matt |title=The Rite: The Making of a Modern Exorcist |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_2740299333059 |publisher=[[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]] |location=New York |year=2009}}
* {{cite book |last1=[[Barry Beyerstein|Beyerstein]] |first1=Barry L. |year=1995 |contribution=Dissociative States: Possession and Exorcism |editor1-last=[[Gordon Stein|Stein]] |editor1-first=Gordon |title=The Encyclopedia of the Paranormal |publisher=[[Prometheus Books]] |pages=544-552 |isbn=1-57392-021-5}}
* {{cite book |last1=[[Barry Beyerstein|Beyerstein]] |first1=Barry L. |year=1995 |contribution=Dissociative States: Possession and Exorcism |editor1-last=[[Gordon Stein|Stein]] |editor1-first=Gordon |title=The Encyclopedia of the Paranormal |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpa0000unse_f0y3 |publisher=[[Prometheus Books]] |pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpa0000unse_f0y3/page/544 544]-552 |isbn=1-57392-021-5}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Bhavsar |first1=Vishal |last2=Ventriglio |first2=Antonio |last3=Dinesh |first3=Bhugra |title=Dissociative trance and spirit possession: Challenges for cultures in transition |journal=Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology |volume=70 |issue=12 |pages=551–559 |publisher=Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences |doi=10.1111/pcn.12425 |year=2016 |pmid=27485275 |s2cid=24609757}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Bhavsar |first1=Vishal |last2=Ventriglio |first2=Antonio |last3=Dinesh |first3=Bhugra |title=Dissociative trance and spirit possession: Challenges for cultures in transition |journal=Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology |volume=70 |issue=12 |pages=551–559 |publisher=Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences |doi=10.1111/pcn.12425 |year=2016 |pmid=27485275 |s2cid=24609757}}
* {{cite book |last1=Bohak |first1=Gideon |title=Ancient Jewish magic: a history |year=2008}}
* {{cite book |last1=Bohak |first1=Gideon |title=Ancient Jewish magic: a history |year=2008}}
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* {{cite book |last=Broedel |first=Hans Peter |title=The Malleus Maleficarum and the Construction of Witchcraft |url=https://archive.org/details/malleusmaleficar00broe |url-access=limited |location=Great Britain |publisher=[[Manchester University Press]] |year=2003 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/malleusmaleficar00broe/page/n42 32]–33 |isbn=9780719064418}}
* {{cite book |last=Broedel |first=Hans Peter |title=The Malleus Maleficarum and the Construction of Witchcraft |url=https://archive.org/details/malleusmaleficar00broe |url-access=limited |location=Great Britain |publisher=[[Manchester University Press]] |year=2003 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/malleusmaleficar00broe/page/n42 32]–33 |isbn=9780719064418}}
* {{Cite book |editor1-last=Bulkeley|editor1-first=Kelly|editor2-last=Adams|editor2-first=Kate|editor3-last=Davis|editor3-first=Patricia M.|title=Dreaming in Christianity and Islam: Culture, Conflict, and Creativity|publisher=Rutgers University Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-813-54610-0|location=New Brunswick, NJ|pages=148}}
* {{Cite book |editor1-last=Bulkeley|editor1-first=Kelly|editor2-last=Adams|editor2-first=Kate|editor3-last=Davis|editor3-first=Patricia M.|title=Dreaming in Christianity and Islam: Culture, Conflict, and Creativity|publisher=Rutgers University Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-813-54610-0|location=New Brunswick, NJ|pages=148}}
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Buswell|editor1-first=Robert Jr.|editor2-last=Lopez|editor2-first=Donald S.Jr.|editor1-link=Robert Buswell Jr.|editor2-link=Donald S. Lopez Jr.|title=Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism.|pages=530–531, 550, 829|date=2013|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, NJ|isbn=9780691157863}}
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Buswell|editor1-first=Robert Jr.|editor2-last=Lopez|editor2-first=Donald S.Jr.|editor1-link=Robert Buswell Jr.|editor2-link=Donald S. Lopez Jr.|title=Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism.|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780691157863|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780691157863/page/530 530]–531, 550, 829|date=2013|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, NJ|isbn=9780691157863}}
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* {{cite book|last1=Calmet|first1=Augustine|title=Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants: of Hungary, Moravia, et al. The Complete Volumes I & II. 2016|date=1751|isbn=978-1-5331-4568-0}}
* {{cite book|last1=Calmet|first1=Augustine|title=Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants: of Hungary, Moravia, et al. The Complete Volumes I & II. 2016|date=1751|isbn=978-1-5331-4568-0}}
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* {{Cite web|last=Cuneo|first=Michael|title=Contemporary American Religion|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3401300162/GVRL?u=epfl&sid=GVRL&xid=f44d94ec|date=1999|website=Gale eBooks|access-date=December 3, 2019}}
* {{Cite web|last=Cuneo|first=Michael|title=Contemporary American Religion|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3401300162/GVRL?u=epfl&sid=GVRL&xid=f44d94ec|date=1999|website=Gale eBooks|access-date=December 3, 2019}}
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* {{cite book |author1-last=Dart |author1-first=Jon Anderson |title=The Vanishing aborigines : Sri Lanka's Veddas in transition |editor1-last=Dharmadasa |editor1-first=Karuna N.O. |editor2-last=De Alwis Samarasinghe |editor2-first=S.W.R. |date=1990 |publisher=International Centre for Ethnic Studies in association with NORAD and Vikas Pub. House |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-0706952988 |page=83}}
* {{cite book |author1-last=Dart |author1-first=Jon Anderson |title=The Vanishing aborigines : Sri Lanka's Veddas in transition |url=https://archive.org/details/vanishingaborigi00unse |editor1-last=Dharmadasa |editor1-first=Karuna N.O. |editor2-last=De Alwis Samarasinghe |editor2-first=S.W.R. |date=1990 |publisher=International Centre for Ethnic Studies in association with NORAD and Vikas Pub. House |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-0706952988 |page=[https://archive.org/details/vanishingaborigi00unse/page/n84 83]}}
* {{cite journal |last1=De Heusch |first1=Luc |author-link1=Luc de Heusch |title=Jean Rouch and the Birth of Visual Anthropology: A Brief History of the Comité international du film ethnographique |journal=Visual Anthropology |date=2 October 2007 |year=2007 |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=365–386 |doi=10.1080/08949460701424155 |s2cid=143785372}}
* {{cite journal |last1=De Heusch |first1=Luc |author-link1=Luc de Heusch |title=Jean Rouch and the Birth of Visual Anthropology: A Brief History of the Comité international du film ethnographique |journal=Visual Anthropology |date=2 October 2007 |year=2007 |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=365–386 |doi=10.1080/08949460701424155 |s2cid=143785372}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Dein|first=S.|s2cid=29032393|date=2013|title=Jinn and mental health: Looking at jinn possession in modern psychiatric practice|journal=The Psychiatrist|volume=37|issue=9|pages=290–293|doi=10.1192/pb.bp.113.042721}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Dein|first=S.|s2cid=29032393|date=2013|title=Jinn and mental health: Looking at jinn possession in modern psychiatric practice|journal=The Psychiatrist|volume=37|issue=9|pages=290–293|doi=10.1192/pb.bp.113.042721}}
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Revisi per 10 Oktober 2023 16.55

Kerasukan atau kesurupan adalah keadaan kesadaran yang tidak biasa atau berubah dan perubahan perilaku terkait yang konon disebabkan oleh pengendailan tubuh manusia oleh roh, hantu, setan, atau dewa.[1] Konsep kerasukan roh atau entitas gaib dijumpai dalam banyak budaya dan agama, termasuk Buddha, Kristen,[2] Vodou Haiti, Hindu, Islam, Wicca, dan kepercayaan tradisional di Asia Tenggara serta Afrika. Tergantung pada konteks budaya di mana ia ditemukan, kerasukan dapat berupa sukarela atau tidak sukarela dan dapat dianggap memiliki efek menguntungkan atau merugikan pada individu yang mengalaminya.

Dalam sebuah studi pada tahun 1969 yang didanai oleh National Institute of Mental Health, kepercayaan mengenai kerasukan ditemukan pada 74 persen dari 488 sampel masyarakat yang mewakili berbagai belahan dunia, masyarakat dengan kepercayaan tertinggi ditemui dalam budaya Pasifik, dan insiden kerasukan terendah ditemui pada penduduk asli Amerika di Amerika Utara dan Amerika Selatan.[3][1] Ketika gereja-gereja Kristen Pantekosta dan Karismatik pindah ke wilayah Afrika dan Oseanik, akulturasi kepercayaan dapat terjadi, "setan" sering digunakan untuk menggambarkan agama-agama asli "lama", yang diusir oleh para pendeta Kristen.[4]

Referensi

  1. ^ a b Jones (2005), hlm. 8687.
  2. ^ Markus 5:9, Lukas 8:30
  3. ^ Bourguignon & Ucko (1969).
  4. ^ Robbins (2004a), hlm. 117–143.

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