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[[Image:juliesvegetables.jpg|thumb|300px|Hasil dari [[pertanian berbasis masyarakat]] yang pada umumnya saling berbagi hasil]]
[[Berkas:juliesvegetables.jpg|jmpl|300px|Hasil dari [[pertanian berbasis masyarakat]] yang pada umumnya saling berbagi hasil]]


'''Ekologi pertanian''' adalah studi proses ekologi yang mengendalikan sistem produksi pertanian. Pada ekologi pertanian, prinsip [[ekologi]] dibawa ke [[ekosistem pertanian]]. Istilah ini seringkali diartikan, meski tidaklah tepat, sebagai "sebuah sains, gerakan, praktik."<ref>Wezel, A., Bellon, S., Doré, T., Francis, C., Vallod, D., David, C. (2009). Agroecology as a science, a movement or a practice. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development (published online)</ref> Bidang ilmu yang dipelajari dalam ekologi pertanian tidak terkait pada salah satu metode pertanian melainkan terkait dengan ekosistem pertanian.
'''Ekologi pertanian''' adalah studi proses ekologi yang mengendalikan sistem produksi pertanian. Pada ekologi pertanian, prinsip [[ekologi]] dibawa ke [[ekosistem pertanian]]. Istilah ini sering kali diartikan, meski tidaklah tepat, sebagai "sebuah sains, gerakan, praktik."<ref>Wezel, A., Bellon, S., Doré, T., Francis, C., Vallod, D., David, C. (2009). Agroecology as a science, a movement or a practice. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development (published online)</ref> Bidang ilmu yang dipelajari dalam ekologi pertanian tidak terkait pada salah satu metode pertanian melainkan terkait dengan ekosistem pertanian.


== Strategi ekologi ==
== Strategi ekologi ==
Pakar ekologi pertanian tidak sama sekali menentang penggunaan [[teknologi]] dalam pertanian, melainkan menilai bagaimana, kapan, dan jika teknolgi dapat digunakan seiring dengan kekayaan hayati, keberagaman sosial, dan manusia.<ref>Pretty, Jules. 2008. Agricultural sustainability: concepts, principles and evidence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 363, 447-465.</ref> Ekologi pertanian menawarkan pola berdasarkan lokasi dalam mempelajari ekosistem pertanian, sehingga ekologi pertanian memahami bahwa tidak ada rumus universal yang dapat dijalankan di semua bentuk ekosistem. Ekologi pertanian tidak diefinisikan berdasarkan praktik pertanian tertentu.
Pakar ekologi pertanian tidak sama sekali menentang penggunaan [[teknologi]] dalam pertanian, melainkan menilai bagaimana, kapan, dan jika teknolgi dapat digunakan seiring dengan kekayaan hayati, keberagaman sosial, dan manusia.<ref>Pretty, Jules. 2008. Agricultural sustainability: concepts, principles and evidence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 363, 447-465.</ref> Ekologi pertanian menawarkan pola berdasarkan lokasi dalam mempelajari ekosistem pertanian, sehingga ekologi pertanian memahami bahwa tidak ada rumus universal yang dapat dijalankan di semua bentuk ekosistem. Ekologi pertanian tidak diefinisikan berdasarkan praktik pertanian tertentu.


Ekologi pertanian mempelajari pertanyaan terkait dengan sifat dasar ekosistem pertanian, yaitu produktivitas, stabilitas, keberlanjutan, dan kesetaraan.<ref>Conway, Gordon R. 1985. Agroecosystem analysis. Agricultural Administration, 20, 31-55.</ref> Ekologi pertanian mempelajari keempat sifat dasar tersebut secara interdisipliner, menggunakan ilmu alam untuk mempelajari elemen eksistem pertanian seperti [[ilmu tanah|sifat tanah]] dan interaksi tanaman-hewan, juga ilmu sosial untuk memahami efek praktik pertanian pada masyarakat, pergerakan ekonomi untuk membangun metode produksi baru, atau faktor budaya yang menentukan praktik budi daya.
Ekologi pertanian mempelajari pertanyaan terkait dengan sifat dasar ekosistem pertanian, yaitu produktivitas, stabilitas, [[keberlanjutan]], dan kesetaraan.<ref>Conway, Gordon R. 1985. Agroecosystem analysis. Agricultural Administration, 20, 31-55.</ref> Ekologi pertanian mempelajari keempat sifat dasar tersebut secara interdisipliner, menggunakan ilmu alam untuk mempelajari elemen eksistem pertanian seperti [[ilmu tanah|sifat tanah]] dan interaksi tanaman-hewan, juga [[ilmu sosial]] untuk memahami efek praktik pertanian pada masyarakat, pergerakan ekonomi untuk membangun metode produksi baru, atau faktor budaya yang menentukan praktik budi daya.


== Pendekatan ==
== Pendekatan ==
Ekologi pertanian didefinisikan oleh [[Organisasi untuk Kerja Sama dan Pembangunan Ekonomi]] (OECD) sebagai "studi hubungan antara tanaman pertanian dan lingkungan"<ref>[http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=81 Agroecology], Glossary of Statistical Terms</ref> Definisi lain adalah ekologi pertanian sebagai interaksi antara tanaman, hewan, manusia, dan lingkungan di dalam sistem pertanian.<ref name=dalgaard>Dalgaard, Tommy, dan Nicholas Hutchings, John Porter. "Agroecology, Scaling and Interdisciplinarity." Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment 100(2003): 39-51.</ref>. Ekologi pertanian juga didefinisikan berdasarkan lokasi geografis terkait. Pada belahan bumi selatan misalnya, ekologi berperan secara politik yang bertujuan memenuhi kesetaraan sosial dan ekonomi kepada pelaku pertanian tradisional dan masyarakat pribumi.<ref>[http://www.agroecology.org Agroecology.org]</ref> Amerika Utara dan Eropa menjauhkan aspek politik ini dan lebih mengarah kepada pendekatan ilmiah dengan sedikit aspek sosial.
Ekologi pertanian didefinisikan oleh [[Organisasi untuk Kerja Sama dan Pembangunan Ekonomi]] (OECD) sebagai "studi hubungan antara tanaman pertanian dan lingkungan"<ref>[http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=81 Agroecology], Glossary of Statistical Terms</ref> Definisi lain adalah ekologi pertanian sebagai interaksi antara tanaman, hewan, manusia, dan lingkungan di dalam sistem pertanian.<ref name=dalgaard>Dalgaard, Tommy, dan Nicholas Hutchings, John Porter. "Agroecology, Scaling and Interdisciplinarity." Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment 100(2003): 39-51.</ref> Ekologi pertanian juga didefinisikan berdasarkan lokasi geografis terkait. Pada belahan bumi selatan misalnya, ekologi berperan secara politik yang bertujuan memenuhi kesetaraan sosial dan ekonomi kepada pelaku pertanian tradisional dan masyarakat pribumi.<ref>[http://www.agroecology.org Agroecology.org]</ref> [[Amerika Utara]] dan Eropa menjauhkan aspek politik ini dan lebih mengarah kepada pendekatan ilmiah dengan sedikit aspek sosial.


Padae pendekatan berbasis [[ekologi populasi]], ekologi pertanian menganalisis ekosistem pertanian dari sisi [[dinamika populasi]] spesies tertentu dan hubungannya dengan [[iklim]] dan [[biogeokimia]], dan [[genetika]] populasi.<ref name=buttel>Buttel, Frederick. "Envisioning the Future Development of Farming in the USA: Agroecology between Extinction and Multifunctionality?" New Directions in Agroecology Research and Education (2003)</ref>
Padae pendekatan berbasis [[ekologi populasi]], ekologi pertanian menganalisis ekosistem pertanian dari sisi [[dinamika populasi]] spesies tertentu dan hubungannya dengan [[iklim]] dan [[biogeokimia]], dan [[genetika]] populasi.<ref name=buttel>Buttel, Frederick. "Envisioning the Future Development of Farming in the USA: Agroecology between Extinction and Multifunctionality?" New Directions in Agroecology Research and Education (2003)</ref>
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* [[Pertanian]]
* [[Pertanian]]
* [[Zoologi tanah]]
* [[Zoologi tanah]]
* [[Restorasi ekologi pertanian]]
* [[Restorasi ekologi pertanian]]
* [[Ekosistem pertanian]]
* [[Ekosistem pertanian]]
* [[Analisis ekosistem pertanian]]
* [[Analisis ekosistem pertanian]]
* [[Agronomi]]
* [[Agronomi]]
* [[Agrofisika]]
* [[Agrofisika]]
* [[Ekologi terapan]]
* [[Ekologi terapan]]
* [[Biodinamika]]
* [[Biodinamika]]
* [[Pengendalian hama biologis]]
* [[Pengendalian hama biologis]]
* [[Pertanian berbasis masyarakat]]
* [[Pertanian berbasis masyarakat]]
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* [[Kesetimbangan dinamika]]
* [[Kesetimbangan dinamika]]
* [[Ekologi]]
* [[Ekologi]]
* [[Edafologi]]
* [[Edafologi]]
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* [[Ekonomi lingkungan]]
* [[Ekonomi lingkungan]]
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* [[Pertanian ekstensif]]
* [[Pertanian ekstensif]]
* [[Pekarangan hutan]]
* [[Pekarangan hutan]]
* [[Gurun pangan]]
* [[Gurun pangan]]
* [[Kedaulatan pangan]]
* [[Kedaulatan pangan]]
* [[Ketahanan pangan]]
* [[Ketahanan pangan]]
* [[Sistem pangan]]
* [[Sistem pangan]]
* [[Erosi genetik]]
* [[Erosi genetik]]
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* [[Analisis siklus hidup]]
* [[Analisis siklus hidup]]
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* [[Malnutrisi]]
* [[Malagizi]]
* [[Penggembalaan hewan intensif terkelola]]
* [[Penggembalaan hewan intensif terkelola]]
* [[Masanobu Fukuoka]]
* [[Masanobu Fukuoka]]
* [[Nyéléni]]
* [[Nyéléni]]
* [[Permakultur]]
* [[Permakultur]]
* [[Penurunan polinator]]
* [[Penurunan polinator]]
* [[Polikultur]]
* [[Polikultur]]
* [[Monokultur]]
* [[Monokultur]]
* [[Pertanian organik]]
* [[Pertanian organik]]
* [[Sosiologi pedesaan]]
* [[Sosiologi pedesaan]]
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{{portal|pertanian}}
{{portal|pertanian}}


==Referensi==
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


== Bahan bacaan terkait ==
== Bahan bacaan terkait ==
*Altieri, M.A. 1987. Agroecology: the scientific basis of alternative agriculture. Boulder: Westview Press.
* Altieri, M.A. 1987. Agroecology: the scientific basis of alternative agriculture. Boulder: Westview Press.
*Altieri, M.A. 1992. Agroecological foundations of alternative agriculture in California. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 39: 23-53.
* Altieri, M.A. 1992. Agroecological foundations of alternative agriculture in California. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 39: 23-53.
*Buttel, F.H. and M.E. Gertler 1982. Agricultural structure, agricultural policy and environmental quality. Agriculture and Environment 7: 101-119.
* Buttel, F.H. and M.E. Gertler 1982. Agricultural structure, agricultural policy and environmental quality. Agriculture and Environment 7: 101-119.
*Carrol, C. R., J.H. Vandermeer and P.M. Rosset. 1990. Agroecology. McGraw Hill Publishing Company, New York.
* Carrol, C. R., J.H. Vandermeer and P.M. Rosset. 1990. Agroecology. McGraw Hill Publishing Company, New York.
*Paoletti, M.G., B.R. Stinner, and G.G. Lorenzoni, ed. Agricultural Ecology and Environment. New York: Elsevier Science Publisher B.V., 1989.
* Paoletti, M.G., B.R. Stinner, and G.G. Lorenzoni, ed. Agricultural Ecology and Environment. New York: Elsevier Science Publisher B.V., 1989.
*Robertson, Philip, and Scott M Swinton. "Reconciling agricultural productivity and environmental integrity: a grand challenge for agriculture." [[Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment]] 3.1 (2005): 38-46.
* Robertson, Philip, and Scott M Swinton. "Reconciling agricultural productivity and environmental integrity: a grand challenge for agriculture." [[Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment]] 3.1 (2005): 38-46.
*{{Cite book |last=Savory |first=Allan |authorlink= |coauthors=Jody Butterfield |title=Holistic Management: A New Framework for Decision Making |origyear=1988 |edition=2nd ed. |date=1998-12-01|publisher=Island Press |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=1-55963-487-1}}
* {{Cite book|last=Savory|first=Allan|authorlink=|coauthors=Jody Butterfield|title=Holistic Management: A New Framework for Decision Making|url=https://archive.org/details/holisticmanageme0000savo|origyear=1988|edition=2nd ed.|date=1998-12-01|publisher=Island Press|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=1-55963-487-1}}
*{{Cite video |title=The Power of Community: How Cuba Survived Peak Oil |publisher=The Community Solution |location=Yellow Springs,Ohio 45387}}
* {{Cite video |title=The Power of Community: How Cuba Survived Peak Oil |publisher=The Community Solution |location=Yellow Springs,Ohio 45387}}
*Vandermeer, J. 1995. The ecological basis of alternative agriculture. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 26: 201-224
* Vandermeer, J. 1995. The ecological basis of alternative agriculture. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 26: 201-224
*Wojtkowski, P.A. 2002. Agroecological perspectives in agronomy, forestry and agroforestry. Science Publishers Inc., Enfield, New Hampshire.
* Wojtkowski, P.A. 2002. Agroecological perspectives in agronomy, forestry and agroforestry. Science Publishers Inc., Enfield, New Hampshire.


'''Advances in Agroecology Book Series'''
'''Advances in Agroecology Book Series'''


*Soil Organic Matter in Sustainable Agriculture (Advances in Agroecology) by Fred Magdoff and Ray R. Weil (Hardcover - May 27, 2004)
* Soil Organic Matter in Sustainable Agriculture (Advances in Agroecology) by Fred Magdoff and Ray R. Weil (Hardcover - May 27, 2004)
*Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems (Advances in Agroecology) by Louise E. Buck, James P. Lassoie, and Erick C.M. Fernandes (Hardcover - Oct 1, 1998)
* Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems (Advances in Agroecology) by Louise E. Buck, James P. Lassoie, and Erick C.M. Fernandes (Hardcover - Oct 1, 1998)
*Agroecosystem Sustainability: Developing Practical Strategies (Advances in Agroecology) by Stephen R. Gliessman (Hardcover - Sep 25, 2000)
* Agroecosystem Sustainability: Developing Practical Strategies (Advances in Agroecology) by Stephen R. Gliessman (Hardcover - Sep 25, 2000)
*Interactions Between Agroecosystems and Rural Communities (Advances in Agroecology) by Cornelia Flora (Hardcover - Feb 5, 2001)
* Interactions Between Agroecosystems and Rural Communities (Advances in Agroecology) by Cornelia Flora (Hardcover - Feb 5, 2001)
*Landscape Ecology in Agroecosystems Management (Advances in Agroecology) by Lech Ryszkowski (Hardcover - Dec 27, 2001)
* Landscape Ecology in Agroecosystems Management (Advances in Agroecology) by Lech Ryszkowski (Hardcover - Dec 27, 2001)
*Integrated Assessment of Health and Sustainability of Agroecosystems (Advances in Agroecology) by Thomas Gitau, Margaret W. Gitau, David Waltner-ToewsClive A. Edwards June 2008 | Hardback: 978-1-4200-7277-8 ([http://www.crcpress.com/ CRC Press])
* Integrated Assessment of Health and Sustainability of Agroecosystems (Advances in Agroecology) by Thomas Gitau, Margaret W. Gitau, David Waltner-ToewsClive A. Edwards June 2008 | Hardback: 978-1-4200-7277-8 ([http://www.crcpress.com/ CRC Press])
*Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Agroecosystems (Advances in Agroecology) by Mario Giampietro 2003 | Hardback: 978-0-8493-1067-6 (CRC Press)
* Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Agroecosystems (Advances in Agroecology) by Mario Giampietro 2003 | Hardback: 978-0-8493-1067-6 (CRC Press)
*Soil Tillage in Agroecosystems (Advances in Agroecology) edited by Adel El Titi 2002 | Hardback: 978-0-8493-1228-1 (CRC Press)
* Soil Tillage in Agroecosystems (Advances in Agroecology) edited by Adel El Titi 2002 | Hardback: 978-0-8493-1228-1 (CRC Press)
*Tropical Agroecosystems (Advances in Agroecology) edited by John H. Vandermeer 2002 | Hardback: 978-0-8493-1581-7 (CRC Press)
* Tropical Agroecosystems (Advances in Agroecology) edited by John H. Vandermeer 2002 | Hardback: 978-0-8493-1581-7 (CRC Press)
*Structure and Function in Agroecosystem Design and Management (Advances in Agroecology) edited by Masae Shiyomi, Hiroshi Koizumi 2001 | Hardback: 978-0-8493-0904-5 (CRC Press)
* Structure and Function in Agroecosystem Design and Management (Advances in Agroecology) edited by Masae Shiyomi, Hiroshi Koizumi 2001 | Hardback: 978-0-8493-0904-5 (CRC Press)
*Biodiversity in Agroecosystems (Advances in Agroecology) edited by Wanda W. Collins, Calvin O. Qualset 1998 | Hardback: 978-1-56670-290-4 (CRC Press)
* Biodiversity in Agroecosystems (Advances in Agroecology) edited by Wanda W. Collins, Calvin O. Qualset 1998 | Hardback: 978-1-56670-290-4 (CRC Press)
*Sustainable Agroecosystem Management: Integrating Ecology, Economics and Society. (Advances in Agroecology) edited by Patrick J. Bohlen and Gar House 2009 | Hardback: 978-1-4200-5214-5 (CRC Press)
* Sustainable Agroecosystem Management: Integrating Ecology, Economics and Society. (Advances in Agroecology) edited by Patrick J. Bohlen and Gar House 2009 | Hardback: 978-1-4200-5214-5 (CRC Press)


== Pranala luar ==
== Pranala luar ==
Baris 105: Baris 105:
* [http://www.cias.wisc.edu/ The Center for Integrated Agricultural Systems]
* [http://www.cias.wisc.edu/ The Center for Integrated Agricultural Systems]
* [http://agroeco.org/ Agroecology in action]
* [http://agroeco.org/ Agroecology in action]
* [http://www.agroecology.org/ agroecology]
* [http://www.agroecology.org/ agroecology]
* [http://www.agropolis.org/agronomy/seminar-agroecology.php Agroecoloy seminars in Montpellier, France]
* [http://www.agropolis.org/agronomy/seminar-agroecology.php Agroecoloy seminars in Montpellier, France] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224144523/http://www.agropolis.org/agronomy/seminar-agroecology.php |date=2021-02-24 }}
* [http://asap.sustainability.uiuc.edu/about Agroecology/Sustainable Agriculture Program] at [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]]
* [http://asap.sustainability.uiuc.edu/about Agroecology/Sustainable Agriculture Program] at [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]]
* [http://www.agron.iastate.edu/academic/undergraduate/options/agro_ecol.aspx Agroecology] at [[Iowa State University]]
* [http://www.agron.iastate.edu/academic/undergraduate/options/agro_ecol.aspx Agroecology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007045315/http://www.agron.iastate.edu/academic/undergraduate/options/agro_ecol.aspx |date=2008-10-07 }} at [[Iowa State University]]
* [http://agroecology.psu.edu/ Agroecology Program] at [[Penn State]]
* [http://agroecology.psu.edu/ Agroecology Program] at [[Penn State]]
* [http://www.agroecos.fr/ European Master Agroecology]
* [http://www.agroecos.fr/ European Master Agroecology]
* [http://www.umb.no/study-options/article/master-of-agroecology-programme-structure MSc Agroecology] at [http://www.umb.no/english/ Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB)]
* [http://www.umb.no/study-options/article/master-of-agroecology-programme-structure MSc Agroecology]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at [http://www.umb.no/english/ Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB)]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.landfood.ubc.ca/agroecology/ Agroecology Program] at [[The University of British Columbia]]
* [http://www.landfood.ubc.ca/agroecology/ Agroecology Program]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at [[The University of British Columbia]]
* [http://casfs.ucsc.edu/index.html UC Santa Cruz Center for Agroecology & Sustainable Food Systems]
* [http://casfs.ucsc.edu/index.html UC Santa Cruz Center for Agroecology & Sustainable Food Systems]
* [http://www.globalplanofaction.org Facilitating Mechanism of the Global Plan of Action for the Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture]
* [http://www.globalplanofaction.org Facilitating Mechanism of the Global Plan of Action for the Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture]
*http://www.agroeco.org/index.html
* http://www.agroeco.org/index.html{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[http://www.mstbrazil.org/?q=LAschoolofagroecology Agroecology in Brazil]
* [http://www.mstbrazil.org/?q=LAschoolofagroecology Agroecology in Brazil]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717181911/http://www.mstbrazil.org/?q=LAschoolofagroecology |date=2012-07-17 }}
* [http://www.agroecologia.net/ Agroecology in Spain]
* [http://www.agroecologia.net/ Agroecology in Spain]


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[[Kategori:Agronomi]]
[[Kategori:Agronomi]]
[[Kategori:Ilmu tanah pertanian]]
[[Kategori:Ilmu tanah pertanian]]
[[Kategori:Konservasi]]
[[Kategori:Konservasi alam]]
[[Kategori:Ilmu sosial lingkungan]]
[[Kategori:Ilmu sosial lingkungan]]
[[Kategori:Pertanian organik]]
[[Kategori:Pertanian organik]]
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[[Kategori:Permakultur]]
[[Kategori:Permakultur]]
[[Kategori:Pertanian dan lingkungan]]
[[Kategori:Pertanian dan lingkungan]]


{{pertanian-stub}}

Revisi terkini sejak 10 Oktober 2023 16.56

Hasil dari pertanian berbasis masyarakat yang pada umumnya saling berbagi hasil

Ekologi pertanian adalah studi proses ekologi yang mengendalikan sistem produksi pertanian. Pada ekologi pertanian, prinsip ekologi dibawa ke ekosistem pertanian. Istilah ini sering kali diartikan, meski tidaklah tepat, sebagai "sebuah sains, gerakan, praktik."[1] Bidang ilmu yang dipelajari dalam ekologi pertanian tidak terkait pada salah satu metode pertanian melainkan terkait dengan ekosistem pertanian.

Strategi ekologi

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Pakar ekologi pertanian tidak sama sekali menentang penggunaan teknologi dalam pertanian, melainkan menilai bagaimana, kapan, dan jika teknolgi dapat digunakan seiring dengan kekayaan hayati, keberagaman sosial, dan manusia.[2] Ekologi pertanian menawarkan pola berdasarkan lokasi dalam mempelajari ekosistem pertanian, sehingga ekologi pertanian memahami bahwa tidak ada rumus universal yang dapat dijalankan di semua bentuk ekosistem. Ekologi pertanian tidak diefinisikan berdasarkan praktik pertanian tertentu.

Ekologi pertanian mempelajari pertanyaan terkait dengan sifat dasar ekosistem pertanian, yaitu produktivitas, stabilitas, keberlanjutan, dan kesetaraan.[3] Ekologi pertanian mempelajari keempat sifat dasar tersebut secara interdisipliner, menggunakan ilmu alam untuk mempelajari elemen eksistem pertanian seperti sifat tanah dan interaksi tanaman-hewan, juga ilmu sosial untuk memahami efek praktik pertanian pada masyarakat, pergerakan ekonomi untuk membangun metode produksi baru, atau faktor budaya yang menentukan praktik budi daya.

Pendekatan

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Ekologi pertanian didefinisikan oleh Organisasi untuk Kerja Sama dan Pembangunan Ekonomi (OECD) sebagai "studi hubungan antara tanaman pertanian dan lingkungan"[4] Definisi lain adalah ekologi pertanian sebagai interaksi antara tanaman, hewan, manusia, dan lingkungan di dalam sistem pertanian.[5] Ekologi pertanian juga didefinisikan berdasarkan lokasi geografis terkait. Pada belahan bumi selatan misalnya, ekologi berperan secara politik yang bertujuan memenuhi kesetaraan sosial dan ekonomi kepada pelaku pertanian tradisional dan masyarakat pribumi.[6] Amerika Utara dan Eropa menjauhkan aspek politik ini dan lebih mengarah kepada pendekatan ilmiah dengan sedikit aspek sosial.

Padae pendekatan berbasis ekologi populasi, ekologi pertanian menganalisis ekosistem pertanian dari sisi dinamika populasi spesies tertentu dan hubungannya dengan iklim dan biogeokimia, dan genetika populasi.[7]

Ekologi pertanian inklusif memandang ekologi pertanian sebagai bagian dari pertanian, di mana ekologi alam dan ekologi pertanian merupakan bagian utama dari ekologi. Ekologi alam mempelajari organisme dalam hal interaksinya dengan lingkungan alam. Sehingga ekologi pertanian menjadi dasar utama dalam ilmu pemanfaatan lahan di mana manusia mengelola kekuasaan terhadap organisme dalam lingkungan yang terencana dengan baik.[8][9]

Lihat pula

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Referensi

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  1. ^ Wezel, A., Bellon, S., Doré, T., Francis, C., Vallod, D., David, C. (2009). Agroecology as a science, a movement or a practice. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development (published online)
  2. ^ Pretty, Jules. 2008. Agricultural sustainability: concepts, principles and evidence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 363, 447-465.
  3. ^ Conway, Gordon R. 1985. Agroecosystem analysis. Agricultural Administration, 20, 31-55.
  4. ^ Agroecology, Glossary of Statistical Terms
  5. ^ Dalgaard, Tommy, dan Nicholas Hutchings, John Porter. "Agroecology, Scaling and Interdisciplinarity." Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment 100(2003): 39-51.
  6. ^ Agroecology.org
  7. ^ Buttel, Frederick. "Envisioning the Future Development of Farming in the USA: Agroecology between Extinction and Multifunctionality?" New Directions in Agroecology Research and Education (2003)
  8. ^ Wojtkowski, Paul A. (2002) Agroecological Perspectives in Agronomy, Forestry and Agroforestry. Science Publishers Inc., Enfield, NH, 356p.
  9. ^ Wojtkowski, Paul A. (2006) Introduction to Agroecology: Principles and Practices. Haworth Press, Binghamton, NY, 404p.

Bahan bacaan terkait

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  • Altieri, M.A. 1987. Agroecology: the scientific basis of alternative agriculture. Boulder: Westview Press.
  • Altieri, M.A. 1992. Agroecological foundations of alternative agriculture in California. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 39: 23-53.
  • Buttel, F.H. and M.E. Gertler 1982. Agricultural structure, agricultural policy and environmental quality. Agriculture and Environment 7: 101-119.
  • Carrol, C. R., J.H. Vandermeer and P.M. Rosset. 1990. Agroecology. McGraw Hill Publishing Company, New York.
  • Paoletti, M.G., B.R. Stinner, and G.G. Lorenzoni, ed. Agricultural Ecology and Environment. New York: Elsevier Science Publisher B.V., 1989.
  • Robertson, Philip, and Scott M Swinton. "Reconciling agricultural productivity and environmental integrity: a grand challenge for agriculture." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3.1 (2005): 38-46.
  • Savory, Allan (1998-12-01) [1988]. Holistic Management: A New Framework for Decision Making (edisi ke-2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Island Press. ISBN 1-55963-487-1. 
  • The Power of Community: How Cuba Survived Peak Oil. Yellow Springs,Ohio 45387: The Community Solution. 
  • Vandermeer, J. 1995. The ecological basis of alternative agriculture. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 26: 201-224
  • Wojtkowski, P.A. 2002. Agroecological perspectives in agronomy, forestry and agroforestry. Science Publishers Inc., Enfield, New Hampshire.

Advances in Agroecology Book Series

  • Soil Organic Matter in Sustainable Agriculture (Advances in Agroecology) by Fred Magdoff and Ray R. Weil (Hardcover - May 27, 2004)
  • Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems (Advances in Agroecology) by Louise E. Buck, James P. Lassoie, and Erick C.M. Fernandes (Hardcover - Oct 1, 1998)
  • Agroecosystem Sustainability: Developing Practical Strategies (Advances in Agroecology) by Stephen R. Gliessman (Hardcover - Sep 25, 2000)
  • Interactions Between Agroecosystems and Rural Communities (Advances in Agroecology) by Cornelia Flora (Hardcover - Feb 5, 2001)
  • Landscape Ecology in Agroecosystems Management (Advances in Agroecology) by Lech Ryszkowski (Hardcover - Dec 27, 2001)
  • Integrated Assessment of Health and Sustainability of Agroecosystems (Advances in Agroecology) by Thomas Gitau, Margaret W. Gitau, David Waltner-ToewsClive A. Edwards June 2008 | Hardback: 978-1-4200-7277-8 (CRC Press)
  • Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Agroecosystems (Advances in Agroecology) by Mario Giampietro 2003 | Hardback: 978-0-8493-1067-6 (CRC Press)
  • Soil Tillage in Agroecosystems (Advances in Agroecology) edited by Adel El Titi 2002 | Hardback: 978-0-8493-1228-1 (CRC Press)
  • Tropical Agroecosystems (Advances in Agroecology) edited by John H. Vandermeer 2002 | Hardback: 978-0-8493-1581-7 (CRC Press)
  • Structure and Function in Agroecosystem Design and Management (Advances in Agroecology) edited by Masae Shiyomi, Hiroshi Koizumi 2001 | Hardback: 978-0-8493-0904-5 (CRC Press)
  • Biodiversity in Agroecosystems (Advances in Agroecology) edited by Wanda W. Collins, Calvin O. Qualset 1998 | Hardback: 978-1-56670-290-4 (CRC Press)
  • Sustainable Agroecosystem Management: Integrating Ecology, Economics and Society. (Advances in Agroecology) edited by Patrick J. Bohlen and Gar House 2009 | Hardback: 978-1-4200-5214-5 (CRC Press)

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