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|caption = Billy Graham tahun 1966.
|caption = Billy Graham tahun 1966.
|birth name = William Franklin Graham Jr.
|birth name = William Franklin Graham Jr.
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1918|11|7}}
|birth_date = {{birth date |1918|11|7}}
|birth_place = [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]], [[North Carolina]], Amerika Serikat
|birth_place = [[Charlotte, Carolina Utara|Charlotte]], [[North Carolina]], [[Amerika Serikat]]
|residence = [[Montreat, North Carolina|Montreat]], [[North Carolina]], Amerika Serikat
|residence = [[Montreat, North Carolina|Montreat]], [[North Carolina]], Amerika Serikat
|nationality = [[Amerika Serikat]]
|nationality = [[Amerika Serikat]]
|death_date =
|death_date =[[21 Februari]] [[2018]] (umur 99)
|death_place =
|death_place =[[Montreat]], [[North Carolina]], [[Amerika Serikat]]
|occupation = [[Penginjil]]
|occupation = [[Penginjil]]
|religion = [[Kristen]]
|religion = [[Kristen]]
|denomination = [[Southern Baptist]]
|denomination = [[Southern Baptist]]
|spouse = {{marriage|[[Ruth Graham]] |1943|2007}} (her death)
|spouse = {{marriage|[[Ruth Graham]] |1943|2007}} (kematiannya)
|children = [[Franklin Graham|Franklin]], Nelson, Virginia, [[Anne Graham Lotz|Anne]] and Ruth
|children = [[Franklin Graham|Franklin]], Nelson, Virginia, [[Anne Graham Lotz|Anne]] dan Ruth
|networth =
|networth =
|website = [http://www.billygraham.org/ BillyGraham.org]
|website = [http://www.billygraham.org/ BillyGraham.org]
|signature = Billy Graham Signature.svg
|signature = Billy Graham Signature.svg
}}
}}
'''William Franklin Graham''' adalah tokoh kebangunan rohani di Amerika pada abad ke-20.<ref name="Wellem"/> Ia dikenal dengan nama Billy Graham.<ref name="Wellem"/> Ia memiliki semangat penginjilan yang kuat. Perhatiannya terutama ditujukan kepada kaum muda yang acuh tak acuh terhadap [[gereja]] dan kekristenan.<ref name="Wellem"/> Ia pun mendirikan sebuah lembaga penginjilan yang bertujuan untuk mengadakan penginjilan kepada kaum muda, khususnya kepada siswa-siswa sekolah menengah yang bernama ''Youth fo Christ'' (Pemuda bagi Kristus).<ref name="Wellem"/>
'''William Franklin Graham Jr.''' ({{lahirmati|[[Charlotte, Carolina Utara|Charlotte]], [[North Carolina|NC]], [[Amerika Serikat|AS]]|7|11|1918|[[Montreat, North Carolina|Montreat]], [[North Carolina|NC]], [[Amerika Serikat|AS]] | 21|2|2018}}) adalah tokoh kebangunan rohani di Amerika Serikat pada abad ke-20. Ia memiliki semangat penginjilan yang kuat. Perhatiannya terutama ditujukan kepada kaum muda yang acuh tak acuh terhadap [[gereja]] dan kekristenan.<ref name="Wellem"/> Ia pun mendirikan sebuah lembaga penginjilan yang bertujuan untuk mengadakan penginjilan kepada kaum muda, khususnya kepada siswa-siswa sekolah menengah yang bernama ''Youth fo Christ'' (Pemuda bagi Kristus).<ref name="Wellem"/>


== Riwayat hidup ==
== Riwayat hidup ==
William Franklin Graham atau Billy Graham dilahirkan dalam sebuah keluarga [[Baptis]] yang saleh di Charlotte, [[Amerika Serikat]], pada tahun 1918.<ref name="Wellem">{{id}} F.D. Wellem. 2003. Riwayat Hidup Singkat: Tokoh-tokoh dalam Sejarah Gereja. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. Hlm. 85-86.</ref> Sejak kecil ia telah bercita-cita untuk melayani pekerjaan [[Tuhan]].<ref name="Wellem"/> Sejak kecil ia telah bercita-cita untuk melayani pekerjaan [[Tuhan]].<ref name="Wellem"/> Ia tidak mempunyai latar belakang pendidikan [[teologi]] akademik. Ia hanya mengikuti kurusus [[teologi]] di ''Florida Bible Institute'', sebuah kursus [[teologi]] fundamentalis.<ref name="Wellem"/> Setelah menyelesaikan kursus teologinya, Billy menjadi pendeta Baptis di selatan (''Southern Baptist Convention'').<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bpnews.net/bpnews.asp?id=29579&ref=BPNews-RSSFeed1229|title=Billy Graham joins FBC Spartanburg|date=2011-05-06|publisher=Baptist Press|accessdate=2011-05-06}}</ref> Tahun 1943 ia menamatkan studi sarjana mudanya pada ''Wheaton College'' dalam bidang [[antropologi]].<ref>[http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/bio.html Billy Graham and the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association - Historical Background]</ref> ''Wheaton College'' mempunyai latar belakang fundamentalisme yang kuat sehingga mempengaruh Billy Graham.<ref name="Wellem"/>
William Franklin Graham atau Billy Graham dilahirkan dalam sebuah keluarga [[Baptis]] yang saleh di Charlotte, [[Amerika Serikat]], pada tahun 1918.<ref name="Wellem">{{id}} F.D. Wellem. 2003. Riwayat Hidup Singkat: Tokoh-tokoh dalam Sejarah Gereja. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. Hlm. 85-86.</ref> Sejak kecil ia telah bercita-cita untuk melayani pekerjaan [[Tuhan]].<ref name="Wellem"/> Ia tidak mempunyai latar belakang pendidikan [[teologi]] akademik. Ia hanya mengikuti kursus [[teologi]] di ''Florida Bible Institute'', sebuah kursus [[teologi]] fundamentalis.<ref name="Wellem"/> Setelah menyelesaikan kursus teologinya, Billy menjadi pendeta Baptis Selatan (''Southern Baptist Convention'').<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bpnews.net/bpnews.asp?id=29579&ref=BPNews-RSSFeed1229|title=Billy Graham joins FBC Spartanburg|date=2011-05-06|publisher=Baptist Press|accessdate=2011-05-06|archive-date=2009-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090308100322/http://www.bpnews.net/bpnews.asp?id=29579&ref=BPNews-RSSFeed1229|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Tahun 1943 ia menamatkan studi sarjana mudanya pada ''Wheaton College'' dalam bidang [[antropologi]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/bio.html |title=Billy Graham and the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association - Historical Background |access-date=2011-05-06 |archive-date=2007-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227151243/http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/bio.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ''Wheaton College'' mempunyai latar belakang fundamentalisme yang kuat sehingga mempengaruhi Billy Graham.<ref name="Wellem"/>


== Keluarga ==
== Keluarga ==
Pada tanggal 13 Agustus [[1943]], Graham menikah dengan teman kuliahnya di Wheaton, [[Ruth Graham|Ruth Bell]] (1920–2007), yang orangtuanya bekerja sebagai misionaris Presbyterian di Tiongkok. Ayah Ruth, [[L. Nelson Bell]], adalah seorang dokter ahli bedah umum.<ref name="satevepost">{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-4151300.html |title=Billy Graham: the world is his pulpit |work=Saturday Evening Post |author=Stoddard, Maynard Good |publisher=Highbeam.com |date=March 1, 1986}}</ref> Ruth Graham meninggal pada tangal 14 Juni 2007, pada usia 87 tahun. Mereka telah menikah selama 64 tahun.
Pada tanggal 13 Agustus [[1943]], Graham menikah dengan teman kuliahnya di Wheaton, [[Ruth Graham|Ruth Bell]] (1920–2007), yang orangtuanya bekerja sebagai misionaris Presbyterian di Tiongkok. Ayah Ruth, [[L. Nelson Bell]], adalah seorang dokter ahli bedah umum.<ref name="satevepost">{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-4151300.html |title=Billy Graham: the world is his pulpit |work=Saturday Evening Post |author=Stoddard, Maynard Good |publisher=Highbeam.com |date=March 1, 1986 |access-date=2015-08-17 |archive-date=2012-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106062406/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-4151300.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Ruth Graham meninggal pada tangal 14 Juni 2007, pada usia 87 tahun. Mereka telah menikah selama 64 tahun.


Graham dan istrinya mempunyai lima orang anak:
Graham dan istrinya mempunyai lima orang anak:
# Virginia Leftwich (Gigi) Graham (lahir tahun 1945; pembicara dan pengarang inspiratif);
# '''Virginia Leftwich Graham''' (lahir tahun 1945; pembicara dan pengarang inspiratif);
# [[Anne Graham Lotz]] (lahir tahun 1948; menjalankan AnGeL ministries);
# '''[[Anne Graham Lotz]]''' (lahir tahun 1948; menjalankan AnGeL ministries);
# Ruth Graham (lahir tahun 1950; pendiri dan presiden "Ruth Graham & Friends", memimpin berbagai konferensi di Amerika Serikat dan Kanada);
# '''Ruth Graham''' (lahir tahun 1950; pendiri dan presiden "Ruth Graham & Friends", memimpin berbagai konferensi di Amerika Serikat dan Kanada);
# [[Franklin Graham]] (lahir tahun 1952), menjabat sebagai presiden dan CEO [[Billy Graham Evangelistic Association]] dan sebagai presiden dan CEO organisasi internasional bantuan sosial, [[Samaritan's Purse]];<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.samaritanspurse.org/ |title=Samaritan's Purse |publisher=Samaritanspurse.org |accessdate=May 12, 2011}}</ref>;
# '''[[Franklin Graham]]''' (lahir tahun 1952), menjabat sebagai presiden dan CEO [[Billy Graham Evangelistic Association]] dan sebagai presiden dan CEO organisasi internasional bantuan sosial, [[Samaritan's Purse]];<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.samaritanspurse.org/ |title=Samaritan's Purse |publisher=Samaritanspurse.org |accessdate=May 12, 2011}}</ref>
# Nelson Edman Graham (lahir tahun 1958; pastor yang menjalankan East Gates Ministries International,<ref>{{cite web |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20090228052237/http://www.eastgates.org/awordfrombg.html |archivedate=February 28, 2009 |url=http://www.eastgates.org/awordfrombg.html |title=East Gates International |publisher=Eastgates.org |accessdate=May 12, 2011}}</ref> yang mendistribusikan literatur Kristen di Tiongkok).
# '''Nelson Edman Graham''' (lahir tahun 1958; pastor yang menjalankan East Gates Ministries International,<ref>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228052237/http://www.eastgates.org/awordfrombg.html |archivedate=2009-02-28 |url=http://www.eastgates.org/awordfrombg.html |title=East Gates International |publisher=Eastgates.org |accessdate=May 12, 2011 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> yang mendistribusikan literatur Kristen di Tiongkok).


Graham mempunyai 19 cucu dan sejumlah cicit. Salah satu cucunya, [[Tullian Tchividjian]], putra dari Gigi, menjabat sebagai pastor senior di [[Coral Ridge Presbyterian Church]], [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida]] sampai mundur dari jabatannya pada bulan Juni 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2015/06/21/billy-grahams-grandson-steps-down-from-florida-megachurch-after-admitting-an-affair/ |title=Billy Graham's grandson steps down from Florida megachurch after admitting an affair |author=Sarah Pulliam Bailey |date=June 21, 2015 |work=Washington Post |accessdate=June 23, 2015}}</ref>
Graham mempunyai 19 cucu dan sejumlah cicit. Salah satu cucunya, [[Tullian Tchividjian]], putra dari Gigi, menjabat sebagai pastor senior di [[Coral Ridge Presbyterian Church]], [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida]] sampai mundur dari jabatannya pada bulan Juni 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2015/06/21/billy-grahams-grandson-steps-down-from-florida-megachurch-after-admitting-an-affair/ |title=Billy Graham's grandson steps down from Florida megachurch after admitting an affair |author=Sarah Pulliam Bailey |date=June 21, 2015 |work=Washington Post |accessdate=June 23, 2015}}</ref>
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== Penghargaan ==
== Penghargaan ==
Graham sering menerima penghargaan dari berbagai survei, termasuk "Greatest Living American" dan secara konsisten termasuk ke dalam daftar orang yang paling dikagumi di Amerika Serikat dan di dunia.<ref name="satevepost" /> Paling sering muncul dalam daftar [[:en:The Gallup Organization|Gallup]] untuk orang-orang yang paling dikagumi.<ref name="century">{{cite news|title=The Billy pulpit: Graham's career in the mainline|url=http://www.beliefnet.com/Faiths/Christianity/2004/07/The-Billy-Pulpit.aspx|publisher=Christian Century|date=November 15, 2003|page=2|accessdate=August 18, 2007}}</ref> Sejak tahun 1955, Graham telah diakui oleh Gallup dengan rekor 55 kali (49 kali berturut-turut)— lebih dari orang lain dalam sejarahnya.
Graham sering menerima penghargaan dari berbagai survei, termasuk "Greatest Living American" dan secara konsisten termasuk ke dalam daftar orang yang paling dikagumi di Amerika Serikat dan di dunia.<ref name="satevepost" /> Paling sering muncul dalam daftar [[The Gallup Organization|Gallup]] untuk orang-orang yang paling dikagumi.<ref name="century">{{cite news|title=The Billy pulpit: Graham's career in the mainline|url=http://www.beliefnet.com/Faiths/Christianity/2004/07/The-Billy-Pulpit.aspx|publisher=Christian Century|date=November 15, 2003|page=2|accessdate=August 18, 2007}}</ref> Sejak tahun 1955, Graham telah diakui oleh Gallup dengan rekor 55 kali (49 kali berturut-turut)— lebih dari orang lain dalam sejarahnya.
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In 1967, he was the first [[Protestant]] to receive an [[honorary degree]] from [[Belmont Abbey College]], a [[Roman Catholic]] school.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Friedman |first=Corey |publisher=Gaston Gazette |url=http://www.gastongazette.com/articles/belmont-38887-president-abbey.html |title=Former Belmont Abbey College president dies at 85 |date=October 10, 2009}}</ref>
In 1967, he was the first [[Protestant]] to receive an [[honorary degree]] from [[Belmont Abbey College]], a [[Roman Catholic]] school.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Friedman |first=Corey |publisher=Gaston Gazette |url=http://www.gastongazette.com/articles/belmont-38887-president-abbey.html |title=Former Belmont Abbey College president dies at 85 |date=October 10, 2009}}</ref>
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On May 31, 2007, the $27 million [[Billy Graham Library]] was officially dedicated in Charlotte. Former presidents [[Jimmy Carter]], [[George H. W. Bush]], and [[Bill Clinton]] appeared to celebrate with Graham.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory?id=3231108 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071019002545/http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory?id=3231108 |archivedate=October 19, 2007 |publisher=ABC News |title=3 Ex-Presidents Open Graham Library}}</ref> A highway in Charlotte bears Graham's name,<ref name="washpostburial" /> as does [[Interstate 240 (North Carolina)|I-240]] near Graham's home in [[Asheville, North Carolina|Asheville]].
On May 31, 2007, the $27 million [[Billy Graham Library]] was officially dedicated in Charlotte. Former presidents [[Jimmy Carter]], [[George H. W. Bush]], and [[Bill Clinton]] appeared to celebrate with Graham.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory?id=3231108 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071019002545/http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory?id=3231108 |archivedate=October 19, 2007 |publisher=ABC News |title=3 Ex-Presidents Open Graham Library}}</ref> A highway in Charlotte bears Graham's name,<ref name="washpostburial" /> as does [[Interstate 240 (North Carolina)|I-240]] near Graham's home in [[Asheville, North Carolina|Asheville]].
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The movie ''[[Billy: The Early Years]]'' premiered in theaters officially on October 10, 2008, less than one month before Graham's 90th birthday.<ref name="christianpost">''[[The Christian Post]]'', [http://www.christianpost.com/article/20080729/billy-graham-movie-prepares-for-oct-10-release.htm ''Billy Graham Movie Prepares for Oct 10 Release''], June 29, 2008.</ref> Graham has yet to comment on the film, but his son, Franklin released a critical statement on August 18, 2008, noting that the [[Billy Graham Evangelistic Association]] "has not collaborated with nor does it endorse the movie."<ref name="movie">[http://www.billygraham.org/News_Article.asp?ArticleID=358 BGEA] [[Billy Graham Evangelistic Association]], ''A response from Franklin Graham'', August 18, 2008</ref> Graham's eldest daughter Gigi, however, has praised the movie and has also been hired as a consultant to help promote the film.<ref name="christianpost.com">''[[The Christian Post]]'', [http://www.christianpost.com/article/20080826/franklin-graham-among-billy-movie-critics.htm ''Franklin Graham Among 'Billy' Movie Critics''], August 26, 2008</ref>
Film ''[[Billy: The Early Years]]'' dirilis di gedung-gedung bioskop secara resmi pada tanggal 10 Oktober 2008, sebulan sebelum ulangtahun Graham ke-90.<ref name="christianpost">''[[The Christian Post]]'', [http://www.christianpost.com/article/20080729/billy-graham-movie-prepares-for-oct-10-release.htm ''Billy Graham Movie Prepares for Oct 10 Release''], June 29, 2008.</ref><!-- Graham has yet to comment on the film, but his son, Franklin released a critical statement on August 18, 2008, noting that the [[Billy Graham Evangelistic Association]] "has not collaborated with nor does it endorse the movie."<ref name="movie">[http://www.billygraham.org/News_Article.asp?ArticleID=358 BGEA] [[Billy Graham Evangelistic Association]], ''A response from Franklin Graham'', August 18, 2008</ref> Graham's eldest daughter Gigi, however, has praised the movie and has also been hired as a consultant to help promote the film.<ref name="christianpost.com">''[[The Christian Post]]'', [http://www.christianpost.com/article/20080826/franklin-graham-among-billy-movie-critics.htm ''Franklin Graham Among 'Billy' Movie Critics''], August 26, 2008</ref>
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=== Penghargaan lain ===
=== Penghargaan lain ===
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* Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation Freedom Award, for monumental and lasting contributions to the cause of freedom, 2000
* Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation Freedom Award, for monumental and lasting contributions to the cause of freedom, 2000
* Honorary Knight Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (KBE) for his international contribution to civic and religious life over 60 years, 2001
* Honorary Knight Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (KBE) for his international contribution to civic and religious life over 60 years, 2001
* Many honorary degrees including [[University of Northwestern – St. Paul]], Minnesota, where Graham was once president, named its newest campus building the Billy Graham Community Life Commons.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unwsp.edu/web/10141/1611 |title=Northwestern Celebrates Billy Graham Community Life Commons Grand Opening |publisher=University of Northwestern –&nbsp;St. Paul website (unwsp.edu) |accessdate=January 2, 2014}}</ref>
* Many honorary degrees including [[University of Northwestern – St. Paul]], Minnesota, where Graham was once president, named its newest campus building the Billy Graham Community Life Commons.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unwsp.edu/web/10141/1611 |title=Northwestern Celebrates Billy Graham Community Life Commons Grand Opening |publisher=University of Northwestern –&nbsp;St. Paul website (unwsp.edu) |accessdate=January 2, 2014 |archive-date=2014-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102194014/http://www.unwsp.edu/web/10141/1611 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
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== Pustaka tambahan ==
== Pustaka tambahan ==
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* {{Cite book|author=Aikman, David|title=Billy Graham: His Life and Influence|location=Nashville|publisher=Thomas Nelson|year=2007|asin=B008JM5FE2}} short biography
* {{Cite book|author=Aikman, David|title=Billy Graham: His Life and Influence|url=https://archive.org/details/billygrahamhisli0000aikm|location=Nashville|publisher=Thomas Nelson|year=2007|asin=B008JM5FE2}} short biography
* Himes, A. (2011). [http://www.worldcat.org/title/ ''Sword of the Lord: the roots of fundamentalism in an American family''] Seattle: Chiara Press.
* Himes, A. (2011). [http://www.worldcat.org/title/ ''Sword of the Lord: the roots of fundamentalism in an American family''] Seattle: Chiara Press.
* {{Cite journal |author=King, Randall E. |title=When worlds collide: Politics, religion, and media at the 1970 East Tennessee Billy Graham crusade |journal=Journal of Church & State |year=1997 |volume=39#2 |pages=273–95 |doi=10.1093/jcs/39.2.273 |issue=2}}
* {{Cite journal |author=King, Randall E. |title=When worlds collide: Politics, religion, and media at the 1970 East Tennessee Billy Graham crusade |journal=Journal of Church & State |year=1997 |volume=39#2 |pages=273–95 |doi=10.1093/jcs/39.2.273 |issue=2}}
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* {{Cite book|author=Martin, William|title=A Prophet with Honor: The Billy Graham Story|publisher=Zondervan|year=2007|location=Grand Rapids|isbn=0-310-24198-7}} scholarly biography, updated from 1991 edition published by William Morrow.
* {{Cite book|author=Martin, William|title=A Prophet with Honor: The Billy Graham Story|publisher=Zondervan|year=2007|location=Grand Rapids|isbn=0-310-24198-7}} scholarly biography, updated from 1991 edition published by William Morrow.
* {{Cite book|author=Martin, William|title=Prophet with Honor: The Billy Graham Story|publisher=Zonderkidz|year=2013|location=Grand Rapids|asin=B004HOV0CW}} Middle-school version.
* {{Cite book|author=Martin, William|title=Prophet with Honor: The Billy Graham Story|publisher=Zonderkidz|year=2013|location=Grand Rapids|asin=B004HOV0CW}} Middle-school version.
* {{Cite book|author=Miller, Steven P.|title=Billy Graham and the Rise of the Republican South|year=2009|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-0-8122-4151-8}}
* {{Cite book|author=Miller, Steven P.|title=Billy Graham and the Rise of the Republican South|url=https://archive.org/details/billygrahamriseo0000mill|year=2009|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-0-8122-4151-8}}
* {{Cite book|author=Pollock, John|title=Billy Graham: Evangelist to the World|year=1979|publisher=|isbn=0060666919}}
* {{Cite book|author=Pollock, John|title=Billy Graham: Evangelist to the World|year=1979|publisher=|isbn=0060666919}}
* {{Cite book|author=Sherwood, Timothy H.|title=The Rhetorical Leadership of Fulton J. Sheen, Norman Vincent Peale, and Billy Graham in the Age of Extremes|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2013|pages=1–158|asin=B00E1CYKCC}}
* {{Cite book|author=Sherwood, Timothy H.|title=The Rhetorical Leadership of Fulton J. Sheen, Norman Vincent Peale, and Billy Graham in the Age of Extremes|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2013|pages=1–158|asin=B00E1CYKCC}}
* {{Cite book|author=Strober, Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober|title=Billy Graham: A Narrative and Oral Biography|year=2006|publisher=Jossey-Bass|isbn=978-0-78-79-8401-4}}
* {{Cite book|author=Strober, Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober|title=Billy Graham: A Narrative and Oral Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/billygrahamorala00stro|year=2006|publisher=Jossey-Bass|isbn=978-0-78-79-8401-4}}
* {{Cite journal |author=Wacker, Grant |title=Billy Graham's America |journal=Church History |year=2009 |volume=78#3 |pages=489–511 |doi=10.1017/S0009640709990400 |issue=3}} scholarly overview
* {{Cite journal |author=Wacker, Grant |title=Billy Graham's America |journal=Church History |year=2009 |volume=78#3 |pages=489–511 |doi=10.1017/S0009640709990400 |issue=3}} scholarly overview
* {{Cite book|author=Wacker, Grant|title=America's Pastor: Billy Graham and the Shaping of a Nation|year=2006|publisher=Jossey-Bass|year=2014|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-05218-5}}
* {{Cite book|author=Wacker, Grant|title=America's Pastor: Billy Graham and the Shaping of a Nation|url=https://archive.org/details/americaspastorbi0000wack|year=2006|publisher=Jossey-Bass|isbn=978-0-674-05218-5}}
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{{Sister project links|wikt=no|v=no|n=no|s=no|b=no|d=no|voy=no|species=no}}
{{Sister project links|wikt=no|v=no|n=no|s=no|b=no|d=no|voy=no|species=no}}
* {{Official website|1=http://www.billygraham.org/}}
* {{Official website|1=http://www.billygraham.org/}}
* [http://www2.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/exhibits/NYC57/16sample88.htm 1957 event in Times Square], streaming video clip
* [http://www2.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/exhibits/NYC57/16sample88.htm 1957 event in Times Square] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105075907/http://www2.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/exhibits/NYC57/16sample88.htm |date=2013-11-05 }}, streaming video clip
* [http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/Graham-B/GrahamB.asp Monroe Billington, Oral History Interview with Billy Graham], October 12, 1983, transcript, Lyndon Baines Johnson Library
* [http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/Graham-B/GrahamB.asp Monroe Billington, Oral History Interview with Billy Graham] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000818173056/http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/Graham-B/GrahamB.asp |date=2000-08-18 }}, October 12, 1983, transcript, Lyndon Baines Johnson Library
* {{TED speaker|billy_graham}}
* {{TED speaker|billy_graham}}


Revisi per 10 Oktober 2023 17.56

Billy Graham
Billy Graham tahun 1966.
Lahir(1918-11-07)7 November 1918
Charlotte, North Carolina, Amerika Serikat
Meninggal21 Februari 2018 (umur 99)
Montreat, North Carolina, Amerika Serikat
Tempat tinggalMontreat, North Carolina, Amerika Serikat
KebangsaanAmerika Serikat
PekerjaanPenginjil
Suami/istri
​
(m. 1943⁠–⁠2007)​
(kematiannya)
AnakFranklin, Nelson, Virginia, Anne dan Ruth
Situs webBillyGraham.org
Tanda tangan
IMDB: nm0333932 Facebook: ReverendBillyGraham TED: billy_graham Musicbrainz: a6ce211b-d6e0-4e6e-bd62-e7046194e6e6 Discogs: 579272 Find a Grave: 187486261 Modifica els identificadors a Wikidata

William Franklin Graham Jr. (7 November 1918 –  21 Februari 2018) adalah tokoh kebangunan rohani di Amerika Serikat pada abad ke-20. Ia memiliki semangat penginjilan yang kuat. Perhatiannya terutama ditujukan kepada kaum muda yang acuh tak acuh terhadap gereja dan kekristenan.[1] Ia pun mendirikan sebuah lembaga penginjilan yang bertujuan untuk mengadakan penginjilan kepada kaum muda, khususnya kepada siswa-siswa sekolah menengah yang bernama Youth fo Christ (Pemuda bagi Kristus).[1]

Riwayat hidup

William Franklin Graham atau Billy Graham dilahirkan dalam sebuah keluarga Baptis yang saleh di Charlotte, Amerika Serikat, pada tahun 1918.[1] Sejak kecil ia telah bercita-cita untuk melayani pekerjaan Tuhan.[1] Ia tidak mempunyai latar belakang pendidikan teologi akademik. Ia hanya mengikuti kursus teologi di Florida Bible Institute, sebuah kursus teologi fundamentalis.[1] Setelah menyelesaikan kursus teologinya, Billy menjadi pendeta Baptis Selatan (Southern Baptist Convention).[2] Tahun 1943 ia menamatkan studi sarjana mudanya pada Wheaton College dalam bidang antropologi.[3] Wheaton College mempunyai latar belakang fundamentalisme yang kuat sehingga mempengaruhi Billy Graham.[1]

Keluarga

Pada tanggal 13 Agustus 1943, Graham menikah dengan teman kuliahnya di Wheaton, Ruth Bell (1920–2007), yang orangtuanya bekerja sebagai misionaris Presbyterian di Tiongkok. Ayah Ruth, L. Nelson Bell, adalah seorang dokter ahli bedah umum.[4] Ruth Graham meninggal pada tangal 14 Juni 2007, pada usia 87 tahun. Mereka telah menikah selama 64 tahun.

Graham dan istrinya mempunyai lima orang anak:

  1. Virginia Leftwich Graham (lahir tahun 1945; pembicara dan pengarang inspiratif);
  2. Anne Graham Lotz (lahir tahun 1948; menjalankan AnGeL ministries);
  3. Ruth Graham (lahir tahun 1950; pendiri dan presiden "Ruth Graham & Friends", memimpin berbagai konferensi di Amerika Serikat dan Kanada);
  4. Franklin Graham (lahir tahun 1952), menjabat sebagai presiden dan CEO Billy Graham Evangelistic Association dan sebagai presiden dan CEO organisasi internasional bantuan sosial, Samaritan's Purse;[5]
  5. Nelson Edman Graham (lahir tahun 1958; pastor yang menjalankan East Gates Ministries International,[6] yang mendistribusikan literatur Kristen di Tiongkok).

Graham mempunyai 19 cucu dan sejumlah cicit. Salah satu cucunya, Tullian Tchividjian, putra dari Gigi, menjabat sebagai pastor senior di Coral Ridge Presbyterian Church, Fort Lauderdale, Florida sampai mundur dari jabatannya pada bulan Juni 2015.[7]

Tulisan

Graham menulis buku-buku berikut;[8] banyak yang menjadi "bestseller". Misalnya pada tahun 1970-an, buku "The Jesus Generation terjual 200.000 jilid dalam dua minggu setelah penerbitan; Angels: God's Secret Agents laku 1 juta jilid dalam waktu 90 hari setelah dirilis; How to Be Born Again membuat sejarah percetakan dengan cetakan pertama sebanyak 800.000 jilid."[4]

  • Calling Youth to Christ (1947)
  • America's Hour of Decision (1951)
  • I Saw Your Sons at War (1953)
  • Peace with God (1953, 1984)
  • Freedom from the Seven Deadly Sins (1955)
  • The Secret of Happiness (1955, 1985)
  • Billy Graham Talks to Teenagers (1958)
  • My Answer (1960)
  • Billy Graham Answers Your Questions (1960)
  • World Aflame (1965)
  • The Challenge (1969)
  • The Jesus Generation (1971)
  • Angels: God's Secret Agents (1975, 1985)
  • How to Be Born Again (1977)
  • The Holy Spirit (1978)
  • Evangelist to the World (1979)
  • Till Armageddon (1981)
  • Approaching Hoofbeats (1983)
  • A Biblical Standard for Evangelists (1984)
  • Unto the Hills (1986)
  • Facing Death and the Life After (1987)
  • Answers to Life's Problems (1988)
  • Hope for the Troubled Heart (1991)
  • Storm Warning (1992)
  • Just As I Am: The Autobiography of Billy Graham (1997, 2007)
  • Hope for Each Day (2002)
  • The Key to Personal Peace (2003)
  • Living in God's Love: The New York Crusade (2005)
  • The Journey: How to Live by Faith in an Uncertain World (2006)
  • Nearing Home: Life, Faith, and Finishing Well (2011)
  • The Heaven Answer Book (2012)
  • The Reason for My Hope: Salvation (2013)[9]

Penghargaan

Graham sering menerima penghargaan dari berbagai survei, termasuk "Greatest Living American" dan secara konsisten termasuk ke dalam daftar orang yang paling dikagumi di Amerika Serikat dan di dunia.[4] Paling sering muncul dalam daftar Gallup untuk orang-orang yang paling dikagumi.[10] Sejak tahun 1955, Graham telah diakui oleh Gallup dengan rekor 55 kali (49 kali berturut-turut)— lebih dari orang lain dalam sejarahnya.

Film Billy: The Early Years dirilis di gedung-gedung bioskop secara resmi pada tanggal 10 Oktober 2008, sebulan sebelum ulangtahun Graham ke-90.[11]

Penghargaan lain

Lihat pula

Referensi

  1. ^ a b c d e f (Indonesia) F.D. Wellem. 2003. Riwayat Hidup Singkat: Tokoh-tokoh dalam Sejarah Gereja. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. Hlm. 85-86.
  2. ^ "Billy Graham joins FBC Spartanburg". Baptist Press. 2011-05-06. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-03-08. Diakses tanggal 2011-05-06. 
  3. ^ "Billy Graham and the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association - Historical Background". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-02-27. Diakses tanggal 2011-05-06. 
  4. ^ a b c Stoddard, Maynard Good (March 1, 1986). "Billy Graham: the world is his pulpit". Saturday Evening Post. Highbeam.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-11-06. Diakses tanggal 2015-08-17. 
  5. ^ "Samaritan's Purse". Samaritanspurse.org. Diakses tanggal May 12, 2011. 
  6. ^ "East Gates International". Eastgates.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-02-28. Diakses tanggal May 12, 2011. 
  7. ^ Sarah Pulliam Bailey (June 21, 2015). "Billy Graham's grandson steps down from Florida megachurch after admitting an affair". Washington Post. Diakses tanggal June 23, 2015. 
  8. ^ Graham, Billy. Just As I Am. New York: Harper Collins Worldwide, 1997. Copyright 1997 by the Billy Graham Evangelist Association.
  9. ^ B. Graham (2013). The Reason for Hope: Salvation. Nashville, Tennessee: W Publisher Group. ISBN 978-0-8499-4761-2. 
  10. ^ "The Billy pulpit: Graham's career in the mainline". Christian Century. November 15, 2003. hlm. 2. Diakses tanggal August 18, 2007. 
  11. ^ The Christian Post, Billy Graham Movie Prepares for Oct 10 Release, June 29, 2008.
  12. ^ "Northwestern Celebrates Billy Graham Community Life Commons Grand Opening". University of Northwestern – St. Paul website (unwsp.edu). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-01-02. Diakses tanggal January 2, 2014. 

Pustaka tambahan

Pranala luar

Cari tahu mengenai Billy Graham pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya:
Gambar dan media dari Commons
Kutipan dari Wikiquote
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