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'''Laboratorium Montreal''' adalah sebuah [[laboratorium]] [[penelitian nuklir]] di [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], Kanada yang beroperasi pada masa [[perang dunia II]]. Laboratorium ini didirikan ''[[National Research Council (Kanada)|National Research Council]]'' Kanada pada masa perang bekerja sama dengan [[Britania Raya]] dan menjadi tempat para ilmuwan ''[[Tube Alloys]]'' melanjutkan pekerjaannya. Ilmuawan dari berbagai negara juga awalnya ikut bergabung. Setelah [[Perjanjian Quebec]] (1943), ''Tube Alloys'' digabungkan dengan [[Proyek Manhattan]] milik Amerika, dan setelah ini pegawai non-Britania keluar dari Laboratorium Montreal. Pada saat menjadi bagian Proyek Manhattan, laboratorium ini merancang dan membuat beberapa [[reaktor nuklir]] yang termasuk reaktor paling awal dalam sejarah. [[Laboratorium Chalk River]] dibuka pada 1944, dan Laboratorium Montreal ditutup pada Juli 1946. |
'''Laboratorium Montreal''' adalah sebuah [[laboratorium]] [[penelitian nuklir]] di [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], Kanada yang beroperasi pada masa [[perang dunia II]]. Laboratorium ini didirikan ''[[National Research Council (Kanada)|National Research Council]]'' Kanada pada masa perang bekerja sama dengan [[Britania Raya]] dan menjadi tempat para ilmuwan ''[[Tube Alloys]]'' melanjutkan pekerjaannya. Ilmuawan dari berbagai negara juga awalnya ikut bergabung. Setelah [[Perjanjian Quebec]] (1943), ''Tube Alloys'' digabungkan dengan [[Proyek Manhattan]] milik Amerika, dan setelah ini pegawai non-Britania keluar dari Laboratorium Montreal. Pada saat menjadi bagian Proyek Manhattan, laboratorium ini merancang dan membuat beberapa [[reaktor nuklir]] yang termasuk reaktor paling awal dalam sejarah. [[Laboratorium Chalk River]] dibuka pada 1944, dan Laboratorium Montreal ditutup pada Juli 1946. |
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==Referensi== |
== Referensi == |
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* {{cite book |last=Avery |first=Donald |year=1998 |title=The Science of War: Canadian Scientists and Allied Military Technology |location=Toronto |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-0-8020-5996-3 |oclc=38885226 |ref=harv }} |
* {{cite book |last=Avery |first=Donald |year=1998 |title=The Science of War: Canadian Scientists and Allied Military Technology |location=Toronto |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-0-8020-5996-3 |oclc=38885226 |ref=harv }} |
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* {{cite book |last=Close |first=Frank |authorlink=Frank Close |year=2015 |title=Half-Life: The Divided Life of Bruno Pontecorvo, Physicist or Spy |publisher=Basic Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-465-06998-9 |oclc=897001600 |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book |last=Close |first=Frank |authorlink=Frank Close |year=2015 |title=Half-Life: The Divided Life of Bruno Pontecorvo, Physicist or Spy |url=https://archive.org/details/halflifedividedl0000clos |publisher=Basic Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-465-06998-9 |oclc=897001600 |ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Gowing |first=Margaret |authorlink=Margaret Gowing |year=1964 |title=Britain and Atomic Energy 1939–1945 |publisher=Macmillan |location=London |oclc=3195209 |ref=harv }} |
* {{cite book |last=Gowing |first=Margaret |authorlink=Margaret Gowing |year=1964 |title=Britain and Atomic Energy 1939–1945 |publisher=Macmillan |location=London |oclc=3195209 |ref=harv }} |
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* {{cite book | last1 = Gowing | first1 = Margaret | first2 = Lorna | last2 = Arnold | authorlink2=Lorna Arnold | year = 1974 | title=Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy, 1945–1952, Volume 1, Policy Making | publisher= Macmillan| location = London | isbn = 0-333-15781-8 | oclc = 611555258 | ref=harv }} |
* {{cite book | last1 = Gowing | first1 = Margaret | first2 = Lorna | last2 = Arnold | authorlink2=Lorna Arnold | year = 1974 | title=Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy, 1945–1952, Volume 1, Policy Making | publisher= Macmillan| location = London | isbn = 0-333-15781-8 | oclc = 611555258 | ref=harv }} |
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* {{cite book |last=Hewlett |first=Richard G. |authorlink=Richard G. Hewlett |last2=Anderson |first2=Oscar E. |year=1962 |title=The New World, 1939–1946 |publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press|isbn=0-520-07186-7 |location=University Park |url=https://www.governmentattic.org/5docs/TheNewWorld1939-1946.pdf |accessdate=26 March 2013|oclc=637004643 |ref=harv }} |
* {{cite book |last=Hewlett |first=Richard G. |authorlink=Richard G. Hewlett |last2=Anderson |first2=Oscar E. |year=1962 |title=The New World, 1939–1946 |publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press|isbn=0-520-07186-7 |location=University Park |url=https://www.governmentattic.org/5docs/TheNewWorld1939-1946.pdf |accessdate=26 March 2013|oclc=637004643 |ref=harv }} |
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* {{cite book |last=Howard |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Howard (historian) |title=Grand Strategy, IV, August 1942 – September 1943 |year=1972 |location=London |publisher=HMSO |isbn=978-0-11-630075-1 |oclc=24415425 |ref=harv }} |
* {{cite book |last=Howard |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Howard (historian) |title=Grand Strategy, IV, August 1942 – September 1943 |year=1972 |location=London |publisher=HMSO |isbn=978-0-11-630075-1 |oclc=24415425 |ref=harv }} |
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* {{cite book |last=Jones |first=Vincent |title=Manhattan: The Army and the Atomic Bomb |
* {{cite book |last=Jones |first=Vincent |title=Manhattan: The Army and the Atomic Bomb |year=1985 |publisher=United States Army Center of Military History |location=Washington, D.C. |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/011/11-10/CMH_Pub_11-10.pdf |accessdate=25 August 2013 |oclc=10913875 |ref=harv |archive-date=2014-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007074359/http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/011/11-10/CMH_Pub_11-10.pdf |dead-url=yes }} |
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* {{cite book |url=http://www.osti.gov/includes/opennet/includes/MED_scans/Book%20I%20-%20General%20-%20Vol.%204-Chapters%209-10.pdf |author=Manhattan District |title=Manhattan District History, Book I, Volume 4, Chapter 9 – Assistance to the Canadian Pile Project |publisher=Manhattan District |year=1947 |location=Washington, D.C. |oclc=889323140 |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book |url=http://www.osti.gov/includes/opennet/includes/MED_scans/Book%20I%20-%20General%20-%20Vol.%204-Chapters%209-10.pdf |author=Manhattan District |title=Manhattan District History, Book I, Volume 4, Chapter 9 – Assistance to the Canadian Pile Project |publisher=Manhattan District |year=1947 |location=Washington, D.C. |oclc=889323140 |ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Paul |first=Septimus H. |year=2000 |title=Nuclear Rivals: Anglo-American Atomic Relations, 1941–1952 |location=Columbus, Ohio |publisher=Ohio State University Press |isbn= 978-0-8142-0852-6 |oclc=43615254 |ref = harv }} |
* {{cite book |last=Paul |first=Septimus H. |year=2000 |title=Nuclear Rivals: Anglo-American Atomic Relations, 1941–1952 |location=Columbus, Ohio |publisher=Ohio State University Press |isbn= 978-0-8142-0852-6 |oclc=43615254 |ref = harv }} |
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* {{cite book |last = Rhodes |first = Richard |authorlink = Richard Rhodes | year = 1995 | title = Dark Sun: The Making of the Hydrogen Bomb | publisher = Simon & Schuster | location = New York | isbn = 0-684-80400-X |oclc=32509950 |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book |last = Rhodes |first = Richard |authorlink = Richard Rhodes | year = 1995 | title = Dark Sun: The Making of the Hydrogen Bomb |url = https://archive.org/details/darksunmakingofh00rhod | publisher = Simon & Schuster | location = New York | isbn = 0-684-80400-X |oclc=32509950 |ref=harv}} |
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{{Proyek Manhattan}} |
{{Proyek Manhattan}} |
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[[Kategori: |
[[Kategori:Ilmu dan teknologi di Kanada]] |
Revisi terkini sejak 11 Oktober 2023 07.37
Laboratorium Montreal adalah sebuah laboratorium penelitian nuklir di Montreal, Quebec, Kanada yang beroperasi pada masa perang dunia II. Laboratorium ini didirikan National Research Council Kanada pada masa perang bekerja sama dengan Britania Raya dan menjadi tempat para ilmuwan Tube Alloys melanjutkan pekerjaannya. Ilmuawan dari berbagai negara juga awalnya ikut bergabung. Setelah Perjanjian Quebec (1943), Tube Alloys digabungkan dengan Proyek Manhattan milik Amerika, dan setelah ini pegawai non-Britania keluar dari Laboratorium Montreal. Pada saat menjadi bagian Proyek Manhattan, laboratorium ini merancang dan membuat beberapa reaktor nuklir yang termasuk reaktor paling awal dalam sejarah. Laboratorium Chalk River dibuka pada 1944, dan Laboratorium Montreal ditutup pada Juli 1946.
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Avery, Donald (1998). The Science of War: Canadian Scientists and Allied Military Technology. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-5996-3. OCLC 38885226.
- Close, Frank (2015). Half-Life: The Divided Life of Bruno Pontecorvo, Physicist or Spy. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-06998-9. OCLC 897001600.
- Gowing, Margaret (1964). Britain and Atomic Energy 1939–1945. London: Macmillan. OCLC 3195209.
- Gowing, Margaret; Arnold, Lorna (1974). Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy, 1945–1952, Volume 1, Policy Making. London: Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-15781-8. OCLC 611555258.
- Hewlett, Richard G.; Anderson, Oscar E. (1962). The New World, 1939–1946 (PDF). University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 0-520-07186-7. OCLC 637004643. Diakses tanggal 26 March 2013.
- Howard, Michael (1972). Grand Strategy, IV, August 1942 – September 1943. London: HMSO. ISBN 978-0-11-630075-1. OCLC 24415425.
- Jones, Vincent (1985). Manhattan: The Army and the Atomic Bomb (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. OCLC 10913875. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2014-10-07. Diakses tanggal 25 August 2013.
- Manhattan District (1947). Manhattan District History, Book I, Volume 4, Chapter 9 – Assistance to the Canadian Pile Project (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Manhattan District. OCLC 889323140.
- Paul, Septimus H. (2000). Nuclear Rivals: Anglo-American Atomic Relations, 1941–1952. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8142-0852-6. OCLC 43615254.
- Rhodes, Richard (1995). Dark Sun: The Making of the Hydrogen Bomb. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-80400-X. OCLC 32509950.