Liga Hansa: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{about|monopoli dagang abad ke-13-17|asosiasi bisnis modern|Parlemen Hansa}} |
{{about|monopoli dagang abad ke-13-17|asosiasi bisnis modern|Parlemen Hansa}} |
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox geopolitical organisation |
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| conventional_long_name = Liga Hansa |
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|native_name = ''Hanse'' |
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| native_name = {{lang|de|Hanse}}<br />{{lang|gml|Hansa}} |
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|image_map = |
| image_map = Ausbreitung der Hanse um das Jahr 1400-Droysens_28.jpg |
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| map_width = 300px |
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| membership = Beberapa kota di wilayah [[Laut Baltik|Baltik]] |
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|org_type = <!--e.g. Trade bloc--> |
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| admin_center = [[Lübeck]] |
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| languages = [[Bahasa Sachsen Pertengahan]]<ref name="Cordes1983">{{cite book |last1= Cordes |first1= Gerhard |last2= Möhn |first2= Dieter |title= Handbuch zur niederdeutschen Sprach - und Literaturwissenschaft |language= de |trans-title= Handbook on Low German Linguistics and Literature Studies |date= 1983 |page= 119 |publisher= Erich Schmidt Verlag |isbn= 3-503-01645-7}}</ref><ref name="Blank2008">{{cite web |last= Blank |first= Angelika |title= Die Hanse - Bündnis mit Tradition |language= de |trans-title= The Hanseatic League - an alliance with tradition |publisher= wendland-net.de |date= 1 June 2008 |url= https://wendland-net.de/post/hanse-buendnis-geschichte|access-date= 1 October 2021}}</ref> |
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|admin_center = [[Lübeck]] |
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| image_flag = Hanseatenwimpel.svg |
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| flag_caption = [[Panji Hansa|Panji]] |
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| flag_size = 500px |
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| today = {{plainlist| |
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*{{flag|Jerman}} |
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*{{flag|Belanda}} |
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*{{flag|Belgia}} |
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*{{flag|Polandia}} |
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*{{flag|Rusia}} |
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<!--{{flag|United Kingdom}} no member cities of Hanseatic League |
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{{flag|Norway}} no member cities of Hanseatic League--> |
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*{{flag|Swedia}} |
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<!--{{flag|Denmark}} no member cities of Hanseatic League--> |
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*{{flag|Latvia}} |
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<!--*{{flag|Lithuania}} note that neither Memel, nor any other town of modern Lithuania, was a member city of H. --> |
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*{{flag|Estonia}} |
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}} |
}} |
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| established = |
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⚫ | '''Liga Hansa''' (juga dikenal sebagai '''Hanse''' atau '''Hansa'''; |
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⚫ | '''Liga Hansa''' (juga dikenal sebagai '''Hanse''' atau '''Hansa'''; [[bahasa Sachsen Pertengahan]]: ''Hanse'', ''Düdesche Hanse'', {{lang-de|Deutsche Hanse}}, {{lang-la|Hansa, Hansa Teutonica}} atau ''Liga Hanseatica'', {{lang-en|Hanseatic League}}) adalah sebuah aliansi ekonomi kota-kota [[perdagangan]] dan [[gilda (perhimpunan)|gilda]] pedagangnya yang mendominasi perdagangan di sepanjang pesisir [[Eropa Utara]]. Aliansi ini membentang dari [[Laut Baltik]] hingga [[Laut Utara]] dan daratan Eropa selama [[Abad Pertengahan Akhir]] dan [[Periode Modern Awal]] (''c.'' abad ke-13-17). |
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Liga ini dibentuk untuk melindungi kepentingan dan kepemilikan komersial yang diberikan pemimpin-pemimpin asing di setiap kota dan negara yang dikunjungi pedangang. Kota-kota Hansa memiliki sistem hukum sendiri dan mengatur perlindungan dan bantuan mutualnya. Meski begitu, organisasi ini bukanlah sebuah negara-kota, bukan pula konfederasi negara-kota; hanya sedikit kota di dalam liga ini yang menikmati otonomi dan kebebasan seperti [[kota kekaisaran bebas]].<ref>{{cite book|title=A comparative study of thirty city-state cultures: an investigation|last=Hansen|first=Mogens Herman|year=2000|publisher=Copenhagen Polis Centre (Historisk-filosofiske Skrifter 21)|location=Royal Danish Academy of Sciences & Letters|isbn=|page=305|url=|accessdate=}}</ref> |
Liga ini dibentuk untuk melindungi kepentingan dan kepemilikan komersial yang diberikan pemimpin-pemimpin asing di setiap kota dan negara yang dikunjungi pedangang. Kota-kota Hansa memiliki sistem hukum sendiri dan mengatur perlindungan dan bantuan mutualnya. Meski begitu, organisasi ini bukanlah sebuah negara-kota, bukan pula konfederasi negara-kota; hanya sedikit kota di dalam liga ini yang menikmati otonomi dan kebebasan seperti [[kota kekaisaran bebas]].<ref>{{cite book|title=A comparative study of thirty city-state cultures: an investigation|last=Hansen|first=Mogens Herman|year=2000|publisher=Copenhagen Polis Centre (Historisk-filosofiske Skrifter 21)|location=Royal Danish Academy of Sciences & Letters|isbn=|page=305|url=|accessdate=}}</ref> |
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| Sachsen |
| Sachsen |
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| {{sort|Stade|[[Berkas:Altes Wappen Stade.png|kiri|25px|alt=]] [[Stade]]}} |
| {{sort|Stade|[[Berkas:Altes Wappen Stade.png|kiri|25px|alt=]] [[Stade]]}} |
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| {{sort|Bremen|[[Berkas:Bremen-Erzbistum. |
| {{sort|Bremen|[[Berkas:Bremen-Erzbistum.svg|kiri|25px|alt=]] [[Keuskupan Agung Bremen]]}} |
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| {{DEU}} |
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| style="font-size: 90%;" | Pada [[Perang Livonia]] (1558–83), Riga menjadi sebuah [[kota kekaisaran bebas]] sampai [[Perjanjian Drohiczyn]] 1581 memberikan Livonia kepada [[Persemakmuran Polandia-Lituania]] hingga kota ini ditaklukkan oleh [[Kekaisaran Swedia|Swedia]] pada [[Perang Polandia-Swedia (1621–1625)]]. |
| style="font-size: 90%;" | Pada [[Perang Livonia]] (1558–83), Riga menjadi sebuah [[kota kekaisaran bebas]] sampai [[Perjanjian Drohiczyn]] 1581 memberikan Livonia kepada [[Persemakmuran Polandia-Lituania]] hingga kota ini ditaklukkan oleh [[Kekaisaran Swedia|Swedia]] pada [[Perang Polandia-Swedia (1621–1625)]]. |
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| <ref name="Falke"/><ref name="Penguin"/><ref name="Holborn"/>{{rp|82;}}<ref name="Dollinger2000 list"/><ref name="Barthold"/><ref name="Schäfer"/><ref name="Turnbull">{{cite book|first=Stephen R|last=Turnbull|title=Crusader castles of the Teutonic Knights: The stone castles of Latvia and Estonia 1185–1560|publisher=Osprey Publishing|year=2004|isbn=978-1-8417-6712-3|pages=pages [http://books.google.com/books?id=F3wzkSHR4j4C&pg=PA20 20] and [http://books.google.com/books?id=F3wzkSHR4j4C&pg=PA60 60]|accessdate=15 May 2011 }}</ref>{{rp|20}} |
| <ref name="Falke"/><ref name="Penguin"/><ref name="Holborn"/>{{rp|82;}}<ref name="Dollinger2000 list"/><ref name="Barthold"/><ref name="Schäfer"/><ref name="Turnbull">{{cite book|first=Stephen R|last=Turnbull|title=Crusader castles of the Teutonic Knights: The stone castles of Latvia and Estonia 1185–1560|url=https://archive.org/details/crusadercastleso0000turn|publisher=Osprey Publishing|year=2004|isbn=978-1-8417-6712-3|pages=pages [http://books.google.com/books?id=F3wzkSHR4j4C&pg=PA20 20] and [http://books.google.com/books?id=F3wzkSHR4j4C&pg=PA60 60]|accessdate=15 May 2011 }}</ref>{{rp|20}} |
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| Baltik |
| Baltik |
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| style="font-size: 90%;" | Ketika bergabung dengan Liga Hanseatik, Reval adalah fief Denmark, namun dijual bersama seluruh Estonia utara kepada [[Ordo Teutonik]] pada tahun 1346. Setelah [[Perang Livonia]] (1558–83), Estonia utara menjadi bagian dari [[Kekaisaran Swedia]]. |
| style="font-size: 90%;" | Ketika bergabung dengan Liga Hanseatik, Reval adalah fief Denmark, namun dijual bersama seluruh Estonia utara kepada [[Ordo Teutonik]] pada tahun 1346. Setelah [[Perang Livonia]] (1558–83), Estonia utara menjadi bagian dari [[Kekaisaran Swedia]]. |
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| <ref name="Keating"/>{{rp|47;}}<ref name="Falke"/><ref name="Penguin"/><ref name="Holborn"/>{{rp|81;}}<ref name="Dollinger2000 list"/><ref name="Schäfer"/><ref name="Mills">{{cite web |first=Jennifer |last=Mills |title=The Hanseatic League in the Eastern Baltic |url=http://depts.washington.edu/baltic/papers/hansa.html |work=Encyclopedia of Baltic History'' (group research project) '' |publisher=[[University of Washington]] |date=May 1998 }}</ref> |
| <ref name="Keating"/>{{rp|47;}}<ref name="Falke"/><ref name="Penguin"/><ref name="Holborn"/>{{rp|81;}}<ref name="Dollinger2000 list"/><ref name="Schäfer"/><ref name="Mills">{{cite web |first=Jennifer |last=Mills |title=The Hanseatic League in the Eastern Baltic |url=http://depts.washington.edu/baltic/papers/hansa.html |work=Encyclopedia of Baltic History'' (group research project) '' |publisher=[[University of Washington]] |date=May 1998 |access-date=2014-12-12 |archive-date=2011-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629134048/http://depts.washington.edu/baltic/papers/hansa.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |
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| Baltik |
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| Westfalen |
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| {{sort|Munster|[[Berkas:DEU |
| {{sort|Munster|[[Berkas:DEU Münster COA.svg|kiri|25px|alt=]] [[Münster]]}} |
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| {{sort|Munster|[[Berkas:Lahr.PNG|kiri|25px|alt=]] [[Keuskupan-Pangeran Münster]]}} |
| {{sort|Munster|[[Berkas:Lahr.PNG|kiri|25px|alt=]] [[Keuskupan-Pangeran Münster]]}} |
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| {{DEU}} |
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| Kontor |
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| {{sort|Bergen|[[Berkas:Bergen |
| {{sort|Bergen|[[Berkas:Bergen våpen.svg|kiri|25px|alt=]] [[Bergen]]: [[Bryggen]]}} |
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| {{sort|Norwegia|[[Berkas:Blason Norvège ancien.svg|kiri|25px|alt=]] [[Kerajaan Warisan Norwegia|Kerajaan Norwegia]]}} |
| {{sort|Norwegia|[[Berkas:Blason Norvège ancien.svg|kiri|25px|alt=]] [[Kerajaan Warisan Norwegia|Kerajaan Norwegia]]}} |
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| {{sort|Brabant| [[Kadipaten Brabant]]}} |
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* [[Hindeloopen]] (Hylpen)<ref name="McDonald"/>{{rp|397;}}<ref name="Wild">{{cite book|first=Albert|last=Wild|title=Die Niederlande: ihre Vergangenheit und Gegenwart, Volume 2|trans_title=The Netherlands: its past and present, Volume 2|publisher=Wigand|year=1862|pages=[http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaA6AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA250 page 250]|accessdate=14 May 2011 }}</ref> |
* [[Hindeloopen]] (Hylpen)<ref name="McDonald"/>{{rp|397;}}<ref name="Wild">{{cite book|first=Albert|last=Wild|title=Die Niederlande: ihre Vergangenheit und Gegenwart, Volume 2|trans_title=The Netherlands: its past and present, Volume 2|publisher=Wigand|year=1862|pages=[http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaA6AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA250 page 250]|accessdate=14 May 2011 }}</ref> |
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* [[Kalmar]]<ref name="Dollinger2000 list"/><ref name="Dollinger2000 Kalmar">{{cite book|title=The German Hansa|last=Dollinger|first=Philippe|year=2000|publisher=Routledge|location=|isbn=978-0-415-19073-2|pages=pages [http://books.google.com/books?id=UOlQuaYvBu8C&pg=PA128 128] and [http://books.google.com/books?id=UOlQuaYvBu8C&pg=PA352 352]|accessdate=15 May 2011 }}</ref> |
* [[Kalmar]]<ref name="Dollinger2000 list"/><ref name="Dollinger2000 Kalmar">{{cite book|title=The German Hansa|last=Dollinger|first=Philippe|year=2000|publisher=Routledge|location=|isbn=978-0-415-19073-2|pages=pages [http://books.google.com/books?id=UOlQuaYvBu8C&pg=PA128 128] and [http://books.google.com/books?id=UOlQuaYvBu8C&pg=PA352 352]|accessdate=15 May 2011 }}</ref> |
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* Kokenhusen ([[Koknese]]) <ref name="Dollinger2000 list"/><ref name="Schäfer"/><ref name="Mills"/><ref name="Koknese">{{cite web |url=http://www.koknese.lv/?s=4&l=eng |title=History of Koknese |work=Koknese official website |date= 10 January 2011 |accessdate=15 May 2011 }}</ref><ref name="National Bank of Latvia">{{cite web |url=http://www.bank.lv/en/money/collector-coin-koknese |title=Collector Coin Koknese |work=[[National Bank of Latvia]] |accessdate=15 May 2011 }}</ref><ref name="Könnecke">{{cite book|first=Jochen|last=Könnecke|coauthors=Vladislav Rubzov|title=Lettland|trans_title=Lithuania|publisher=DuMont Reiseverlag|year=2005|isbn=978-3-7701-6386-1|pages=pages [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QbUS1PUftXcC&pg=PA23 23], [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QbUS1PUftXcC&pg=PA26 26–7] and [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QbUS1PUftXcC&pg=PA161 161] }}</ref> |
* Kokenhusen ([[Koknese]]) <ref name="Dollinger2000 list"/><ref name="Schäfer"/><ref name="Mills"/><ref name="Koknese">{{cite web |url=http://www.koknese.lv/?s=4&l=eng |title=History of Koknese |work=Koknese official website |date= 10 January 2011 |accessdate=15 May 2011 }}</ref><ref name="National Bank of Latvia">{{cite web |url=http://www.bank.lv/en/money/collector-coin-koknese |title=Collector Coin Koknese |work=[[National Bank of Latvia]] |accessdate=15 May 2011 |archive-date=2011-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926211853/http://www.bank.lv/en/money/collector-coin-koknese |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="Könnecke">{{cite book|first=Jochen|last=Könnecke|coauthors=Vladislav Rubzov|title=Lettland|trans_title=Lithuania|publisher=DuMont Reiseverlag|year=2005|isbn=978-3-7701-6386-1|pages=pages [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QbUS1PUftXcC&pg=PA23 23], [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QbUS1PUftXcC&pg=PA26 26–7] and [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QbUS1PUftXcC&pg=PA161 161] }}</ref> |
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* [[Krambatangi|á Krambatangi]]<ref name="Mehler JNA"/><ref name="Mehler Hansa"/> |
* [[Krambatangi|á Krambatangi]]<ref name="Mehler JNA"/><ref name="Mehler Hansa"/> |
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* [[Snæfellsnes|Kumbaravogur]]<ref name="Mehler Late MA">{{cite web |first=Natascha |last=Mehler |url=http://histarch.univie.ac.at/dr-natascha-mehler-ma/projekte/oitis-the-operation-of-international-trade-in-iceland-and-shetland-ca-1400-1700/ |title=The Operation of International Trade in Iceland and Shetland (''ca'' 1400–1700) |publisher=[[University of Vienna]] |date=October 2010 |accessdate=15 May 2011 |archive-date=2011-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724111055/http://histarch.univie.ac.at/dr-natascha-mehler-ma/projekte/oitis-the-operation-of-international-trade-in-iceland-and-shetland-ca-1400-1700/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |
* [[Snæfellsnes|Kumbaravogur]]<ref name="Mehler Late MA">{{cite web |first=Natascha |last=Mehler |url=http://histarch.univie.ac.at/dr-natascha-mehler-ma/projekte/oitis-the-operation-of-international-trade-in-iceland-and-shetland-ca-1400-1700/ |title=The Operation of International Trade in Iceland and Shetland (''ca'' 1400–1700) |publisher=[[University of Vienna]] |date=October 2010 |accessdate=15 May 2011 |archive-date=2011-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724111055/http://histarch.univie.ac.at/dr-natascha-mehler-ma/projekte/oitis-the-operation-of-international-trade-in-iceland-and-shetland-ca-1400-1700/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |
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== "City League The HANSE" == |
== "City League The HANSE" == |
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[[File:Hanse Bund.jpg|thumb|{{center|Logo City League The HANSE dalam bahasa Jerman}}]] |
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Pada tahun 1980, mantan anggota Liga Hansa mendirikan "Hansa baru" di [[Zwolle]] yang bernama "City League The HANSE". Liga ini terbuka bagi semua mantan anggota dan kota Liga Hansa yang pernah memiliki ''[[kontor]]'' Hansa. Kota-kota tersebut mencakup 12 kota di Rusia, terutama [[Novgorod]] yang merupakan mitra dagang utama Hansa di Rusia pada Abad Pertengahan. "Hansa baru" ini mendorong dan mengembangkan jaringan bisnis, pariwisata dan pertukaran budaya.<ref name="New Hanse">{{cite web |url=http://www.hanse.org/en/the_hansa/ |title=City League The HANSE |access-date=2012-01-09 |archive-date=2010-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817192442/http://www.hanse.org/en/the_hansa |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |
Pada tahun 1980, mantan anggota Liga Hansa mendirikan "Hansa baru" di [[Zwolle]] yang bernama "City League The HANSE". Liga ini terbuka bagi semua mantan anggota dan kota Liga Hansa yang pernah memiliki ''[[kontor]]'' Hansa. Kota-kota tersebut mencakup 12 kota di Rusia, terutama [[Novgorod]] yang merupakan mitra dagang utama Hansa di Rusia pada Abad Pertengahan. "Hansa baru" ini mendorong dan mengembangkan jaringan bisnis, pariwisata dan pertukaran budaya.<ref name="New Hanse">{{cite web |url=http://www.hanse.org/en/the_hansa/ |title=City League The HANSE |access-date=2012-01-09 |archive-date=2010-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817192442/http://www.hanse.org/en/the_hansa |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |
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Pada tahun 2006 [[King's Lynn]] menjadi satu-satunya angggota Liga Hansa modern dari Inggris.<ref name="West Norfolk">{{cite web |url=http://www.west-norfolk.gov.uk/Default.aspx?page=24618 |title=King's Lynn Hanse Festival 2009 |work=[[King's Lynn and West Norfolk|Borough Council of King's Lynn and West Norfolk]] |accessdate=23 August 2010 |archive-date=2010-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513014127/http://www.west-norfolk.gov.uk/Default.aspx?page=24618 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |
Pada tahun 2006 [[King's Lynn]] menjadi satu-satunya angggota Liga Hansa modern dari Inggris.<ref name="West Norfolk">{{cite web |url=http://www.west-norfolk.gov.uk/Default.aspx?page=24618 |title=King's Lynn Hanse Festival 2009 |work=[[King's Lynn and West Norfolk|Borough Council of King's Lynn and West Norfolk]] |accessdate=23 August 2010 |archive-date=2010-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513014127/http://www.west-norfolk.gov.uk/Default.aspx?page=24618 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |
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== Liga Hansa Baru == |
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Pada Februari 2018, diadakan pertemuan para menteri keuangan dari 8 negara Uni Eropa yaitu [[Belanda]], [[Denmark]], [[Swedia]], [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Lithuania]], dan [[Irlandia]]. Pertemuan ini menghasilkan pembentukan Liga Hansa Baru atau Liga Hansa 2.0 yang bertujuan untuk memperkuat kerjasama ekonomi antarnegara mantan anggota Liga Hansa dalam lingkup [[Persatuan Ekonomi dan Moneter Uni Eropa]]. |
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== Peta lama == |
== Peta lama == |
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== Referensi == |
== Referensi == |
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* {{cite book|title=The German Hansa|last=Dollinger|first=P|year=2000|publisher=Routledge|location=|isbn=978-0-415-19073-2|pages=341–3|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jbompf7OyYwC&pg=PA342|accessdate=30 April 2011 }} |
* {{cite book|title=The German Hansa|last=Dollinger|first=P|year=2000|publisher=Routledge|location=|isbn=978-0-415-19073-2|pages=341–3|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jbompf7OyYwC&pg=PA342|accessdate=30 April 2011 }} |
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* {{cite book|first=Elizabeth Gee|last=Nash|title=The Hansa|year=1929|isbn=1-566-19867-4 }} |
* {{cite book|first=Elizabeth Gee|last=Nash|title=The Hansa|url=https://archive.org/details/hansa0000nash|year=1929|isbn=1-566-19867-4 }} |
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* {{cite book|first=James Westfall|last=Thompson|title=Economic and Social History of Europe in the Later Middle Ages (1300–1530)|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.29791|year=1931|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.29791/page/146 146]–79|asin=B000NX1CE2 }} |
* {{cite book|first=James Westfall|last=Thompson|title=Economic and Social History of Europe in the Later Middle Ages (1300–1530)|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.29791|year=1931|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.29791/page/146 146]–79|asin=B000NX1CE2 }} |
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* [http://www.furthark.com/hanseaticleague/rsc_chronology.shtml Chronology of the Hanseatic League] |
* [http://www.furthark.com/hanseaticleague/rsc_chronology.shtml Chronology of the Hanseatic League] |
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* [http://www.hanzesteden.info/ Hanseatic Cities in The Netherlands] |
* [http://www.hanzesteden.info/ Hanseatic Cities in The Netherlands] |
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* [http://www.hanseatic-league.com/ Hanseatic League Historical Re-enactors] |
* [http://www.hanseatic-league.com/ Hanseatic League Historical Re-enactors] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008100527/http://www.hanseatic-league.com/ |date=2007-10-08 }} |
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* [http://www.hanse.org/ Hanseatic Towns Network] |
* [http://www.hanse.org/ Hanseatic Towns Network] |
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* [[s:de:Hanse|Hanseatic League related sources in the German Wikisource]] |
* [[s:de:Hanse|Hanseatic League related sources in the German Wikisource]] |
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* [http://www.gresham.ac.uk/event.asp?PageId=45&EventId=596 Colchester: a Hanseatic port] – Gresham |
* [http://www.gresham.ac.uk/event.asp?PageId=45&EventId=596 Colchester: a Hanseatic port] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930185346/http://www.gresham.ac.uk/event.asp?PageId=45&EventId=596 |date=2007-09-30 }} – Gresham |
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* [http://sites.google.com/site/suttonarchaeology/sea-trade The Lost Port of Sutton: Maritime trade] |
* [http://sites.google.com/site/suttonarchaeology/sea-trade The Lost Port of Sutton: Maritime trade] |
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