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(92 revisi perantara oleh 37 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 2: Baris 2:
|partof=[[Perang Dunia II]]
|partof=[[Perang Dunia II]]
|image=[[Berkas:Schleswig Holstein firing Gdynia 13.09.1939.jpg|300px]]
|image=[[Berkas:Schleswig Holstein firing Gdynia 13.09.1939.jpg|300px]]
|caption=Kapal Jerman [[Schleswig-Holstein]], menembak [[Westerplatte]], [[1 September]] [[1939]].
|caption=Kapal Jerman [[Kapal perang Schleswig-Holstein|Schleswig-Holstein]], menembak [[Westerplatte]], [[1 September]] [[1939]].
|date=[[1 September]][[6 Oktober]] [[1939]]
|date=1 September – 6 Oktober 1939{{br}}(1 bulan, 5 hari)
|place=[[Polandia]]
|place=[[Republik Polandia Kedua|Polandia]] dan [[Kota Merdeka Danzig]]
|result=Kemenangan Blok Poros dan Soviet; Teritori Polandia terbagi antara Jerman dan Uni Soviet
|result=Kemenangan [[Blok Poros]] dan [[Soviet]]; Teritori Polandia terbagi antara Jerman dan Uni Soviet
|combatant1={{negara|Polandia}} [[Republik Polandia Kedua|Polandia]]
|combatant1={{Flag|Polandia|1939}}
|combatant2=[[Berkas:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|22px]] [[Nazi Jerman]]{{br}}[[Berkas:Flag of the_Soviet Union 1923.svg|22px]] [[Uni Soviet]]{{br}}[[Berkas:Flag of First Slovak Republic 1939-1945.svg|22px]] [[Republik Slowakia (1939–1945)|Slowakia]]
|combatant2={{Flagdeco|Jerman Nazi}} [[Jerman Nazi]]{{br}}{{Flagdeco|Uni Soviet}} [[Uni Soviet]]{{br}}{{flagdeco|Rusia}} [[Republik Slowakia (1939–1945)|Slowakia]]
|commander1={{negara|Polandia}} [[Edward Rydz-Śmigły]]
|commander1={{negara|Polandia}} [[Edward Rydz-Śmigły]]{{br}}{{negara|Polandia}} [[Wacław Stachiewicz]]{{br}}{{negara|Polandia}} [[Tadeusz Kutrzeba]]{{br}}{{negara|Polandia}} [[Juliusz Rómmel]]
|commander2=[[Berkas:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|22px]] [[Fedor von Bock]]{{br}}[[Berkas:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|22px]] [[Gerd von Rundstedt]]{{br}}[[Berkas:Flag of the_Soviet Union 1923.svg|22px]] [[Mikhail Kovalev]] <small>(Front Belorusia),</small>{{br}}[[Berkas:Flag of the_Soviet Union 1923.svg|22px]] [[Semyon Timoshenko]] <small>(Front Ukraina),</small>{{br}}[[Berkas:Flag of First Slovak Republic 1939-1945.svg|22px]] [[Ferdinand Čatloš]]
|commander2={{Flagdeco|Jerman Nazi}} [[Fedor von Bock]]{{br}}{{Flagdeco|Jerman Nazi}} [[Gerd von Rundstedt]]{{br}}{{Flagdeco|Jerman Nazi}} [[Walter von Reichenau]]{{br}}{{Flagdeco|Uni Soviet}} [[Mikhail Kovalev]]{{br}}{{Flagdeco|Uni Soviet}} [[Semyon Timoshenko]]{{br}}{{Flagdeco|Uni Soviet}} [[Vasily Chuikov]]{{br}}{{Flagdeco|Rusia}} [[Ferdinand Čatloš]]
|strength1='''Polandia''':{{br}}39 divisi,<ref name=pereslegin>Переслегин. Вторая мировая: война между реальностями.- М.:Яуза, Эксмо, 2006, с.22; Р. Э. Дюпюи, Т. Н. Дюпюи. Всемирная история войн. — С-П,М: АСТ, кн.4, с.93</ref>{{br}} 16 brigadir,<ref name=pereslegin/>{{br}}4.300 senapan,<ref name=pereslegin/>{{br}}880 tank,{{br}}400 pesawat tempur<ref name=polishgovernment>Ministry of Foreign Affairs. [http://www.ww2.pl/The,1939,Campaign,22.html The 1939 Campaign] [[Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs]], 2005</ref>{{br}} '''Jumlah: 950.000'''
|strength1='''Polandia''':{{br}}39 divisi,<ref name=pereslegin>Переслегин. Вторая мировая: война между реальностями.- М.:Яуза, Эксмо, 2006, с.22; Р. Э. Дюпюи, Т. Н. Дюпюи. Всемирная история войн. — С-П,М: АСТ, кн.4, с.93</ref>{{br}} 16 brigadir,<ref name=pereslegin/>{{br}}4.300 senapan,<ref name=pereslegin/>{{br}}880 tank,{{br}}800 pesawat<ref name=polishgovernment>Ministry of Foreign Affairs. [http://www.ww2.pl/The,1939,Campaign,22.html The 1939 Campaign] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211211729/http://www.ww2.pl/The%2C1939%2CCampaign%2C22.html |date=2013-12-11 }} [[Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs]], 2005</ref>{{br}} '''Jumlah: 950.000'''
|strength2='''Jerman''':{{br}}56 divisi,{{br}}4 brigadir,{{br}}9.000 senapan,<ref name=polishgovernment/>{{br}}2.500 tank,<ref name=polishgovernment/>{{br}}2.315 pesawat tempur<ref>E.R Hooton, p85</ref> {{br}}'''Uni Soviet''':{{br}}33+ divisi,{{br}}11+ brigadir,{{br}}4.959 senapan,{{br}}4.736 tank,{{br}}3.300 pesawat tempur{{br}}'''Slowakia''':{{br}}3 divisi{{br}}'''Jumlah''':{{br}}1.500.000 orang Jerman,<ref name=polishgovernment/>{{br}} 800.000+ orang Soviet,{{br}} 50.000 orang Slowakia{{br}}'''Seluruhnya: 2.350.000+'''
|strength2='''Jerman''':{{br}}56 divisi,{{br}}4 brigadir,{{br}}9.000 senapan,<ref name=polishgovernment/>{{br}}2.500 tank,<ref name=polishgovernment/>{{br}}2.315 pesawat tempur<ref>E.R Hooton, p85</ref> {{br}}'''Uni Soviet''':{{br}}33+ divisi,{{br}}11+ brigadir,{{br}}4.959 senapan,{{br}}4.736 tank,{{br}}3.300 pesawat tempur{{br}}'''Slowakia''':{{br}}3 divisi{{br}}'''Jumlah''':{{br}}1.500.000 pasukan Jerman,<ref name=polishgovernment/>{{br}} 800.000+ pasukan Soviet,{{br}} 50.000 pasukan Slowakia{{br}}'''Seluruhnya: 2.350.000+'''
|casualties1='''Polandia''':{{br}}66.000 tewas,{{br}}133.700 terluka,{{br}}694.000 ditangkap
|casualties1='''Polandia''':{{br}}66.000 tewas,{{br}}133.700 terluka,{{br}}694.000 ditangkap
|casualties2='''Jerman''':{{br}}16.343 tewas,{{br}}27.280 terluka,{{br}}320 hilang{{br}}'''Uni Soviet''':{{br}}737 tewas atau hilang,{{br}}1.125 terluka{{br}}'''Slowakia''':{{br}}18 tewas,{{br}}46 terluka,{{br}}11 hilang
|casualties2='''Jerman''':{{br}}16.343 tewas,{{br}}27.280 terluka,{{br}}320 hilang{{br}}'''Uni Soviet''':{{br}}1.475 tewas atau hilang,{{br}}2.383 terluka{{br}}'''Slowakia''':{{br}}37 tewas,{{br}}114 terluka,{{br}}11 hilang
}}
}}
'''Invasi Polandia tahun 1939''' (di [[Polandia]] juga disebut "'''Kampanye September'''", "''Kampania wrześniowa''," dan "'''Perang Defensif 1939'''," "''Wojna obronna 1939 roku''"; di [[Jerman]], "'''Kampanye Polandia'''," "''Polenfeldzug''," dinamai "[[Fall Weiss (1939)|''Fall Weiss'']]," "Case White," oleh Jerman, dan terkadang disebut "'''Perang Polandia-Jerman 1939'''"), adalah invasi yang dilancarkan oleh [[Nazi Jerman]], [[Uni Soviet]], dan kontingen [[Invasi Slowakia ke Polandia|Slowakia]] yang merupakan sebab khusus [[Perang Dunia II]].
'''Penyerbuan Polandia 1939''' (di [[Polandia]] juga disebut "'''Kampanye September'''", "''Kampania wrześniowa''," dan "'''Perang Defensif 1939'''," "''Wojna obronna 1939 roku''"; di [[Jerman]], "'''Kampanye Polandia'''," "''Polenfeldzug''," , dan kadang-kadang disebut "'''Perang Polandia-Jerman 1939'''"), adalah invasi yang dilancarkan oleh [[Jerman Nazi]], [[Uni Soviet]], dan kontingen [[Invasi Slowakia ke Polandia|Slowakia]] yang merupakan sebab khusus [[Perang Dunia II]].


Invasi [[Polandia]] menandai dimulainya Perang Dunia II di Eropa karena sekutu Polandia, [[Britania Raya]], [[Australia]] dan [[Selandia Baru]],<ref name="NZHistory">{{cite web |author=History Group of the Ministry for Culture and Heritage, Wellington, New Zealand |title=Overview - New Zealand and the Second World War |publisher=Ministry for Culture and Heritage, Wellington, New Zealand |year=2005 |work=New Zealand's History online |url=http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/node/2334 |accessdate=2007-01-15 |language=English}}</ref> menyatakan perang kepada [[Jerman]] pada tanggal [[3 September]], yang segera diikuti oleh [[Perancis]], [[Afrika Selatan]], dan [[Kanada]] diantara lainnya. Invasi Polandia dimulai pada tanggal [[1 September]] [[1939]], satu minggu setelah penandatanganan [[Pakta Molotov-Ribbentrop]], dan invasi ini berakhir pada tanggal [[6 Oktober]] [[1939]], dengan Jerman dan Uni Soviet menduduki seluruh Polandia. Walaupun Britania Raya dan Perancis menyatakan perang setelah Jerman menyerang Polandia, sangan sedikit aksi militer langsung yang dilakukan (lihat [[Perang Phoney]]).
Penyerbuan [[Polandia]] menandai dimulainya [[Palagan Eropa dalam Perang Dunia II|Perang Dunia II di Eropa]]. [[Blok Sekutu dalam Perang Dunia II|Sekutu]] Polandia: [[Britania Raya]], [[Australia]], dan [[Selandia Baru]],<ref name="NZHistory">{{cite web |author=History Group of the Ministry for Culture and Heritage, Wellington, New Zealand |title=Overview - New Zealand and the Second World War |publisher=Ministry for Culture and Heritage, Wellington, New Zealand |year=2005 |work=New Zealand's History online |url=http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/node/2334 |accessdate=2007-01-15 |language=English}}</ref> menyatakan perang kepada [[Jerman Nazi|Jerman]] pada tanggal [[3 September]], yang segera diikuti oleh [[Prancis]], [[Afrika Selatan]], dan [[Kanada]]. Penyerbuan Polandia dimulai pada tanggal [[1 September]] [[1939]], satu minggu setelah penandatanganan [[Pakta Molotov-Ribbentrop]], dan penyerbuan ini berakhir pada tanggal [[6 Oktober]] [[1939]], setelah Jerman dan Uni Soviet menduduki seluruh Polandia. Walaupun Britania Raya dan Prancis menyatakan perang setelah Jerman menyerang Polandia, sangat sedikit aksi militer langsung yang dilakukan (lihat [[Perang Phoney]]).


Dengan terjadinya [[Insiden Gleiwitz|"Serangan Polandia" palsu oleh Jerman]] pada tanggal [[31 Agustus]] [[1939]], pada [[1 September]], pasukan Jerman menyerang Polandia dari utara, selatan dan barat. Pasukan Polandia terbagi menjadi tipis untuk melindungi perbatasan panjang mereka, dan segera mundur ke timur. Setelah kekalahan Polandia pada pertengahan September dalam [[Pertempuran Bzura]], Jerman mendapat keuntungan yang tidak perlu dipersoalkan lagi. Polandia lalu mulai mundur ke tenggara, mengikuti rencana untuk memanggil bantuan pertahanan pada daerah ''[[Romanian bridgehead]]'', tempat pasukan Polandia menunggu serangan balasan Sekutu.<ref name="Baliszewski-MH>Baliszewski, ''Most honoru''</ref>
Dengan terjadinya [[Insiden Gleiwitz]] pada tanggal [[31 Agustus]] [[1939]], pada [[1 September]], pasukan Jerman menyerang Polandia dari arah utara, selatan, dan barat. Pasukan Polandia terpencar untuk melindungi perbatasan panjang mereka, dan segera mundur ke timur. Setelah kekalahan Polandia pada pertengahan September dalam [[Pertempuran Bzura]], tentara Polandia mulai mundur ke tenggara untuk melindungi ''[[przedmoście rumuńskie]]'', tempat pasukan Polandia menunggu bantuan Sekutu.<ref name="Baliszewski-MH">Baliszewski, ''Most honoru''</ref>


Pada tanggal [[17 September]] [[1939]], [[tentara Merah]] Soviet menyerang [[Kresy|daerah timur Polandia]] dalam kooperasi dengan Jerman.<ref name="Fischer">Fischer 1999–2000</ref> Soviet mengambil daerah mereka dari pakta Molotov-Ribbentrop, yang membagi Eropa Timur untuk Nazi dan Soviet<ref name="Cienciala">{{cite web |authorlink=Anna M. Cienciala |first=Anna M. |last=Cienciala |year=2004 |url=http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/hist557/lect16.htm |title=The Coming of the War and Eastern Europe in World War II |publisher=[[University of Kansas]] |accessdate=2006-03-15}}</ref> Untuk menghadapi front kedua, pemerintah Polandia memilih bahwa mempertahakan ''Romanian bridgehead'' tidak lagi feasible dan memerintahkan evakuasi semua pasukan ke [[Romania]].<ref name="Sanford">{{wikiref |id=Sanford-2005 |text=Sanford 2005, pp. 20–24}}</ref> Pada [[1 Oktober]], Jerman dan Uni Soviet sepenuhnya menguasai Polandia, walaupun pemerintah Polandia tidak pernah menyerah. Tanah dan Angkatan Udara Polandia yang masih ada dievakuasi ke [[Romania]] dan [[Hongaria]]. Banyak yang melarikan diri bergabung dengan pasukan Polandia di [[Perancis]], [[Suriah]], dan [[Britania Raya]].
Pada tanggal [[17 September]] [[1939]], [[tentara Merah]] Soviet menyerang [[Kresy|daerah timur Polandia]].<ref name="Fischer">Fischer 1999–2000</ref> Soviet mengambil daerah mereka sesuai dengan pembagian pada pakta Molotov-Ribbentrop.<ref name="Cienciala">{{cite web |authorlink=Anna M. Cienciala |first=Anna M. |last=Cienciala |year=2004 |url=http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/hist557/lect16.htm |title=The Coming of the War and Eastern Europe in World War II |publisher=[[University of Kansas]] |accessdate=2006-03-15 |archive-date=2012-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801010755/http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/hist557/lect16.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Pemerintah Polandia menyadari bahwa mempertahakan ''Przedmoście rumuńskie'' sudah tidak berguna dan memerintahkan evakuasi ke [[Rumania]].<ref name="Sanford">{{wikiref |id=Sanford-2005 |text=Sanford 2005, pp. 20–24}}</ref> Pada [[1 Oktober]], Jerman dan Uni Soviet berhasil menguasai seluruh Polandia, walaupun pemerintah Polandia tidak pernah menyerah.


Setelah kampanye September, [[Negara Rahasia Polandia|gerakan perlawanan]] dibentuk. Pasukan Polandia terus berkontribusi dalam operasi militer Sekutu. Jerman merebut wilayah Polandia yang diduduki Soviet ketika Jerman menyerang Uni Soviet pada tanggal [[22 Juni]] [[1941]], dan kehilangan teritori pada tahun 1944 kepada tentara Merah. Setelah perang, Polandia kehilangan lebih dari 20% populasi sebelum perang dibawah pendudukan yang mendandai berakhirnya [[Negara Polandia Kedua]].
Setelah kampanye militer September, [[Negara Rahasia Polandia|gerakan perlawanan]] dibentuk. Pasukan Polandia terus terlibat dalam operasi militer Sekutu.


== Catatan kaki ==
== Catatan kaki ==
Baris 29: Baris 29:


== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==
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* {{cite book |last=Zaloga |first=Steve |title=The Polish Army 1939–1945 |location=Oxford |publisher=Osprey Publishing |year=1982 |isbn=0-85045-417-4}}
* {{cite book|last=Zaloga|first=Steve|title=The Polish Army 1939–1945|location=Oxford|publisher=Osprey Publishing|year=1982|isbn=0-85045-417-4}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=[[Internetowa encyklopedia PWN]] |url=http://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/33490_1.html |title=KAMPANIA WRZEŚNIOWA 1939 |accessdate=2005-12-10 |language=Polish}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=[[Internetowa encyklopedia PWN]] |url=http://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/33490_1.html |title=KAMPANIA WRZEŚNIOWA 1939 |accessdate=2005-12-10 |language=Polish}}
* {{cite book |first=Jochen |last=Böhler |title=Auftakt zum Vernichtungskrieg; Die Wehrmacht in Polen 1939 (Preface to the War of Annihilation: Wehrmacht in Poland) |year=2006 |publisher=Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag |location=Frankfurt |isbn=3-596-16307-2 |language=German}}
* {{cite book|first=Jochen|last=Böhler|title=Auftakt zum Vernichtungskrieg; Die Wehrmacht in Polen 1939 (Preface to the War of Annihilation: Wehrmacht in Poland)|year=2006|publisher=Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag|location=Frankfurt|isbn=3-596-16307-2|language=German}}


== Pranala luar ==
== Pranala luar ==
*[http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/DAP-Poland/Campaign-III.html detailed outline of campaign, mainly from German documents]
* [http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/DAP-Poland/Campaign-III.html detailed outline of campaign, mainly from German documents]
*[http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/newspapers/operations/poland_e.html World War 2 Online Newspaper Archives - The Invasion of Poland, 1939]
* [http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/newspapers/operations/poland_e.html World War 2 Online Newspaper Archives - The Invasion of Poland, 1939] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215210220/http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/newspapers/operations/poland_e.html |date=2007-12-15 }}
*[http://www.worldwar2database.com/html/poland.htm The Campaign in Poland at WorldWar2 Database]
* [http://www.worldwar2database.com/html/poland.htm The Campaign in Poland at WorldWar2 Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311033339/http://www.worldwar2database.com/html/poland.htm |date=2007-03-11 }}
*[http://www.achtungpanzer.com/polcamp.htm The Campaign in Poland at Achtung! Panzer]
* [http://www.achtungpanzer.com/polcamp.htm The Campaign in Poland at Achtung! Panzer]
*[http://www.feldgrau.com/stats.html German Statistics including September Campaign losses]
* [http://www.feldgrau.com/stats.html German Statistics including September Campaign losses]
*[http://www.schoolshistory.org.uk/EuropeatWar/blitzkrieg_poland.htm Brief Campaign losses and more statistics]
* [http://www.schoolshistory.org.uk/EuropeatWar/blitzkrieg_poland.htm Brief Campaign losses and more statistics]
*[http://worldatwar.net/wars/ww2/poland39/ Fall Weiß - The Fall of Poland]
* [http://worldatwar.net/wars/ww2/poland39/ Fall Weiß - The Fall of Poland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050829215526/http://worldatwar.net/wars/ww2/poland39/ |date=2005-08-29 }}
*[http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/wwii/bluebook/blbk19.htm Agreement of Mutual Assistance Between the United Kingdom and Poland.-London, 25&nbsp;August 1939.]
* [http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/wwii/bluebook/blbk19.htm Agreement of Mutual Assistance Between the United Kingdom and Poland.-London, 25&nbsp;August 1939.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126160834/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/wwii/bluebook/blbk19.htm |date=2005-11-26 }}
*[http://ww2.boom.ru/Poland/defence.html Poland's Defence War], a fairly detailed but possibly one sided account of the Polish defense in 1939
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040817080534/http://ww2.boom.ru/Poland/defence.html Poland's Defence War], a fairly detailed but possibly one sided account of the Polish defense in 1939
*[http://www.historychannel.com/speeches/archive/speech_225.html Radio reports on the German invasion of Poland] and [http://www.historychannel.com/speeches/archive/speech_199.html Nazi broadcast claiming that Germany's action is an act of defense]
* [http://www.historychannel.com/speeches/archive/speech_225.html Radio reports on the German invasion of Poland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050507162338/http://www.historychannel.com/speeches/archive/speech_225.html |date=2005-05-07 }} and [http://www.historychannel.com/speeches/archive/speech_199.html Nazi broadcast claiming that Germany's action is an act of defense] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050404033022/http://www.historychannel.com/speeches/archive/speech_199.html |date=2005-04-04 }}
*[http://adolfhitler.ws/lib/proc/reply.html German reply] to British Government's ultimatum of [[3 September]] [[1939]]
* [http://adolfhitler.ws/lib/proc/reply.html German reply] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061007164624/http://adolfhitler.ws/lib/proc/reply.html |date=2006-10-07 }} to British Government's ultimatum of [[3 September]] [[1939]]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3506000/3506335.stm Headline story on BBC: Germany invades Poland] [[1 September]] [[1939]].
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3506000/3506335.stm Headline story on BBC: Germany invades Poland] [[1 September]] [[1939]].
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/special_report/1999/08/99/world_war_11/default.stm BBC portal dedicated to the start of WW II in Europe]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/special_report/1999/08/99/world_war_11/default.stm BBC portal dedicated to the start of WW II in Europe]
*[http://www.ipn.gov.pl/eng/eng_vt_soviet17.html September 17, 1939 - Soviet aggression on Poland]
* [http://www.ipn.gov.pl/eng/eng_vt_soviet17.html September 17, 1939 - Soviet aggression on Poland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051125141611/http://www.ipn.gov.pl/eng/eng_vt_soviet17.html |date=2005-11-25 }}
*[http://www.engdahl.oilgeopolitics.net/History/MacKinder/mackinder.html Halford Mackinder's Necessary War] An essay describing the Polish Campaign in a larger strategic context of the war
* [http://www.engdahl.oilgeopolitics.net/History/MacKinder/mackinder.html Halford Mackinder's Necessary War] An essay describing the Polish Campaign in a larger strategic context of the war
*[http://www.svetskirat.net/istorija/poljska.htm Invasion of Poland]
* [http://www.svetskirat.net/istorija/poljska.htm Invasion of Poland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071229230401/http://www.svetskirat.net/istorija/poljska.htm |date=2007-12-29 }}

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[[Kategori:Invasi]]
[[Kategori:Invasi]]
[[Kategori:Konflik dalam tahun 1939]]

[[Kategori:Pertempuran Perang Dunia II melibatkan Polandia]]
[[af:Inval van Pole]]
[[Kategori:Pertempuran Perang Dunia II melibatkan Rusia]]
[[be:Польская абарончая вайна 1939]]
[[Kategori:Pertempuran Perang Dunia II melibatkan Jerman]]
[[bg:Полска кампания (1939)]]
[[Kategori:Pertempuran Perang Dunia II melibatkan Slowakia]]
[[cs:Invaze do Polska]]
[[Kategori:Polandia dalam tahun 1939]]
[[de:Polenfeldzug]]
[[en:Invasion of Poland (1939)]]
[[Kategori:Rusia dalam tahun 1939]]
[[es:Invasión de Polonia de 1939]]
[[Kategori:Jerman dalam tahun 1939]]
[[Kategori:Slowakia dalam tahun 1939]]
[[fi:Puolan offensiivi]]
[[fr:Campagne de Pologne (1939)]]
[[he:המערכה בפולין]]
[[hu:Lengyelországi hadjárat (1939)]]
[[it:Campagna di Polonia]]
[[ja:ポーランド侵攻]]
[[lv:Polijas kampaņa]]
[[nl:Poolse campagne]]
[[no:Felttoget i Polen i 1939]]
[[pl:Kampania wrześniowa]]
[[pt:Invasão da Polônia]]
[[ro:Invadarea Poloniei (1939)]]
[[ru:Польская кампания (1939)]]
[[sl:Poljska kampanja (1939)]]
[[th:การรุกรานโปแลนด์]]
[[vi:Cuộc xâm lược Ba Lan (1939)]]
[[zh:波蘭戰役]]

Revisi terkini sejak 19 Oktober 2023 05.41

Penyerbuan Polandia
Bagian dari Perang Dunia II

Kapal Jerman Schleswig-Holstein, menembak Westerplatte, 1 September 1939.
Tanggal1 September – 6 Oktober 1939
(1 bulan, 5 hari)
LokasiPolandia dan Kota Merdeka Danzig
Hasil Kemenangan Blok Poros dan Soviet; Teritori Polandia terbagi antara Jerman dan Uni Soviet
Pihak terlibat
 Polandia Jerman Nazi
Uni Soviet
Slowakia
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Polandia Edward Rydz-Śmigły
Polandia Wacław Stachiewicz
Polandia Tadeusz Kutrzeba
Polandia Juliusz Rómmel
Fedor von Bock
Gerd von Rundstedt
Walter von Reichenau
Mikhail Kovalev
Semyon Timoshenko
Vasily Chuikov
Ferdinand Čatloš
Kekuatan
Polandia:
39 divisi,[1]
16 brigadir,[1]
4.300 senapan,[1]
880 tank,
800 pesawat[2]
Jumlah: 950.000
Jerman:
56 divisi,
4 brigadir,
9.000 senapan,[2]
2.500 tank,[2]
2.315 pesawat tempur[3]
Uni Soviet:
33+ divisi,
11+ brigadir,
4.959 senapan,
4.736 tank,
3.300 pesawat tempur
Slowakia:
3 divisi
Jumlah:
1.500.000 pasukan Jerman,[2]
800.000+ pasukan Soviet,
50.000 pasukan Slowakia
Seluruhnya: 2.350.000+
Korban
Polandia:
66.000 tewas,
133.700 terluka,
694.000 ditangkap
Jerman:
16.343 tewas,
27.280 terluka,
320 hilang
Uni Soviet:
1.475 tewas atau hilang,
2.383 terluka
Slowakia:
37 tewas,
114 terluka,
11 hilang

Penyerbuan Polandia 1939 (di Polandia juga disebut "Kampanye September", "Kampania wrześniowa," dan "Perang Defensif 1939," "Wojna obronna 1939 roku"; di Jerman, "Kampanye Polandia," "Polenfeldzug," , dan kadang-kadang disebut "Perang Polandia-Jerman 1939"), adalah invasi yang dilancarkan oleh Jerman Nazi, Uni Soviet, dan kontingen Slowakia yang merupakan sebab khusus Perang Dunia II.

Penyerbuan Polandia menandai dimulainya Perang Dunia II di Eropa. Sekutu Polandia: Britania Raya, Australia, dan Selandia Baru,[4] menyatakan perang kepada Jerman pada tanggal 3 September, yang segera diikuti oleh Prancis, Afrika Selatan, dan Kanada. Penyerbuan Polandia dimulai pada tanggal 1 September 1939, satu minggu setelah penandatanganan Pakta Molotov-Ribbentrop, dan penyerbuan ini berakhir pada tanggal 6 Oktober 1939, setelah Jerman dan Uni Soviet menduduki seluruh Polandia. Walaupun Britania Raya dan Prancis menyatakan perang setelah Jerman menyerang Polandia, sangat sedikit aksi militer langsung yang dilakukan (lihat Perang Phoney).

Dengan terjadinya Insiden Gleiwitz pada tanggal 31 Agustus 1939, pada 1 September, pasukan Jerman menyerang Polandia dari arah utara, selatan, dan barat. Pasukan Polandia terpencar untuk melindungi perbatasan panjang mereka, dan segera mundur ke timur. Setelah kekalahan Polandia pada pertengahan September dalam Pertempuran Bzura, tentara Polandia mulai mundur ke tenggara untuk melindungi przedmoście rumuńskie, tempat pasukan Polandia menunggu bantuan Sekutu.[5]

Pada tanggal 17 September 1939, tentara Merah Soviet menyerang daerah timur Polandia.[6] Soviet mengambil daerah mereka sesuai dengan pembagian pada pakta Molotov-Ribbentrop.[7] Pemerintah Polandia menyadari bahwa mempertahakan Przedmoście rumuńskie sudah tidak berguna dan memerintahkan evakuasi ke Rumania.[8] Pada 1 Oktober, Jerman dan Uni Soviet berhasil menguasai seluruh Polandia, walaupun pemerintah Polandia tidak pernah menyerah.

Setelah kampanye militer September, gerakan perlawanan dibentuk. Pasukan Polandia terus terlibat dalam operasi militer Sekutu.

Catatan kaki

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  1. ^ a b c Переслегин. Вторая мировая: война между реальностями.- М.:Яуза, Эксмо, 2006, с.22; Р. Э. Дюпюи, Т. Н. Дюпюи. Всемирная история войн. — С-П,М: АСТ, кн.4, с.93
  2. ^ a b c d Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The 1939 Campaign Diarsipkan 2013-12-11 di Wayback Machine. Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2005
  3. ^ E.R Hooton, p85
  4. ^ History Group of the Ministry for Culture and Heritage, Wellington, New Zealand (2005). "Overview - New Zealand and the Second World War". New Zealand's History online (dalam bahasa English). Ministry for Culture and Heritage, Wellington, New Zealand. Diakses tanggal 2007-01-15. 
  5. ^ Baliszewski, Most honoru
  6. ^ Fischer 1999–2000
  7. ^ Cienciala, Anna M. (2004). "The Coming of the War and Eastern Europe in World War II". University of Kansas. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-08-01. Diakses tanggal 2006-03-15. 
  8. ^ (Sanford 2005, pp. 20–24)

Referensi

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Pranala luar

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