Teori pelabelan: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi terkini sejak 13 Desember 2023 10.52

Teori pelabelan berpendapat bahwa identitas diri dan perilaku individu dapat ditentukan atau dipengaruhi oleh istilah yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan atau mengklasifikasikannya. Ini berkaitan dengan konsep Ramalan swawujud dan stereotip. Teori pelabelan berpendapat bahwa penyimpangan tidak melekat dalam suatu tindakan, tetapi berfokus pada kecenderungan mayoritas untuk memberi label negatif pada minoritas atau mereka yang dipandang menyimpang dari norma budaya standar.^[1] Teori ini menonjol selama tahun 1960-an dan 1970-an, dan beberapa versi teori yang dimodifikasi telah berkembang dan hingga saat ini masih populer. Stigma didefinisikan sebagai label negatif yang sangat kuat yang mengubah konsep diri seseorang dan identitas sosial.^[2]

Teori pelabelan berkaitan erat dengan konstruksi sosial dan analisis interaksi simbolik.^[2] Teori pelabelan dikembangkan oleh sosiolog selama tahun 1960-an. Buku Howard Saul Becker, Outsiders, sangat berpengaruh dalam perkembangan teori ini dan popularitasnya.

Teori pelabelan juga terhubung dengan bidang lain selain kejahatan. Misalnya ada teori pelabelan yang sesuai dengan homoseksualitas. Alfred Kinsey dan rekan-rekannya adalah pendukung utama dalam memisahkan perbedaan antara peran seorang "homoseksual" dan tindakan yang dilakukan seseorang. Contohnya adalah gagasan bahwa pria yang melakukan tindakan feminin akan menyiratkan bahwa mereka homoseksual. Thomas J. Scheff menyatakan bahwa pelabelan juga berperan dengan "sakit jiwa". Label tidak mengacu pada kriminal, melainkan tindakan yang tidak diterima secara sosial karena gangguan mental.

Referensi

^ Source Wikipedia. 2013. Labeling Theory: Social Constructionism, Social Stigma, Deinstitutionalisation, George Herbert Mead, Howard S. Becker, Labelling. General Books LLC. ISBN 9781234583347
^ ^a ^b Macionis, John, and Linda Gerber. 2010. Sociology (7th ed.). London: Pearson Education Canada.

Bibliografi

Adam, B. (1978). The Survival of Domination. New York: Elsevier.
Becker, H. (1973) [1963]. Outsiders. New York: Free Press.
Bell, A.; Weinberg, M. (1978). Homosexualities: a Study of Diversity Among Men and Women. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Bell, A.; Weinberg, M.; Hammersmith, S. K. (1981). Sexual Preference: Its Development in Men and Women. Bloomington, IN: University of Indiana Press.
Cass, V. (1979). "Homosexual Identity Formation: A Theoretical Model". Journal of Homosexuality. 4 (3): 219–235. doi:10.1300/j082v04n03_01. PMID 264126.
Coleman, E. (1982). "Developmental Stages of the Coming Out Process". American Behavioral Scientist. 25 (4): 469–482. doi:10.1177/000276482025004009.
Cullen, F. (1984). Rethinking Crime and Deviance Theory. Totowa, NJ: Bowman and Allanheld.
Dank, B. (1971). "Coming Out in the Gay World". Psychiatry. 34 (2): 180–197. doi:10.1080/00332747.1971.11023666. PMID 5553891.
DuBay, W. (1967). Gay Identity: The Self Under Ban. Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
Fein, S.; Nuehring, Elaine M. (1981). "Intrapsychic Effects of Stigma: a process of Breakdown and Reconstruction of Social Reality". Journal of Homosexuality. 7 (1): 4–6. doi:10.1300/j082v07n01_02. PMID 7345115.
Goffman, E. (1959). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Anchor Books.
Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. Englewood Cliffs, NY: Prentice-Hall.
Goffman, E. (1974). Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Goffman, E. (1982). Interaction Ritual. New York: Pantheon Books.
Gove, Walter R. (1975). Labelling of Deviance: Evaluating a Perspective. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Hammersmith, S. K.; Weinberg, M. (1973). "Homosexual Identity". Sociometry. 36 (1): 56–79. doi:10.2307/2786282. JSTOR 2786282. PMID 4710474.
Hooker, E. (1956). "A Preliminary Analysis of Group Behavior of Homosexuals". Journal of Psychology. 42 (2): 217–225. doi:10.1080/00223980.1956.9713035.
Hooker, E. (1958). "Male Homosexuality in the Rorschach". Journal of Projective Techniques. 22 (1): 33–54. doi:10.1080/08853126.1958.10380822. PMID 13514724.
Hooker, E. (1967). Final Report of the Task Force on Homosexuality. Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Mental Health.
Kinsey, A. C.; Pomeroy, W. P.; Martin, C. E.; Gebhard, P. H. (1953). Sexual Behavior in the Human Female. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
Kinsey, A. C.; Pomeroy, W. P.; Martin, C. E. (1948). Sexual Behavior in the Human Male. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
Lemert, E. M. (1951). Social Pathology. New York: Mcgraw-Hill.
Leopold, A. (1975). "The Angry Men; Broadsides from the H. I. C.". In Touch.
Leznoff, M.; Westley, W. A. (1956). "The Homosexual Community". Social Problems. 3 (4): 257–263. doi:10.2307/798680. JSTOR 798680.
Link, Bruce G.; Cullen, Francis T.; Struening, Elmer; Shrout, Patrick E.; Dohrenwend, Bruce P. (1989). "A Modified Labeling Theory Approach to Mental Disorders: An Empirical Assessment". American Sociological Review. 54 (3): 400–423. doi:10.2307/2095613. JSTOR 2095613.
Link, Bruce G.; Phelan, Jo C. (1999). "The Labelling Theory of Mental Disorder (II): The Consequences of Labeling". A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health: Social Contexts, Theories, and Systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Macionis, John J. (2012). Sociology (edisi ke-14th). Boston: Pearson. ISBN 978-0-205-11671-3.
Macionis, J.; Gerber, L. (2010). Sociology (edisi ke-7th).
Mackay, J. H. (1985). The Hustler. Boston: Alyson Publications.
Matza, D. (1969). On Becoming Deviant. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
McIntosh, Mary (1968). "The Homosexual Role". Social Problems. 16 (2): 182–192. doi:10.2307/800003. JSTOR 800003.
Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, Self, and Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Memmi, A. (1965). The Colonizer and the Colonized. New York: Orion Press.
Memmi, A. (1968). Dominated Man. New York: Orion Press.
O'Grady, William (2011). Crime in Canadian Context. Ontario: Oxford University Press.
Sagarin, E. (1975). Deviants and Deviance. New York: Praeger.
Scheff, Thomas J. (1984). Being Mentally Ill (edisi ke-2nd). Piscataway: Aldine Transaction.
Shively, M. G.; DeCecco, J. (1977). "Components of Sexual Identity". Journal of Homosexuality. 3 (1): 41–48. doi:10.1300/j082v03n01_04. PMID 591712.
Simon, W.; Gagnon, J. H. (1967). "Homosexuality: The Formulation of a Psychological Perspective". Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 8 (3): 177–85. doi:10.2307/2948372. JSTOR 2948372. PMID 6073201.
Slater, D. (1971). Vector. 8 (7): 28–29. Tidak memiliki atau tanpa |title= (bantuan)
Sumner, C. (1994). The Sociology of Deviance: an Obituary. New York: Continuum Publishing.
Tannenbaum, F. (1938). Crime and Community. London and New York: Columbia University Press.
Thoits, Peggy A. (1999). "Sociological approaches to mental illness". Dalam Allan V. Horwitz & Teresa L. Scheid. A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health: Social Contexts, Theories, and Systems. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 121–138. ISBN 978-0-521-56763-3.
Troiden, T. (1979). "Becoming Homosexual: A model of Gay Identity Acquisition". Psychiatry. 42 (4): 362–373. doi:10.1080/00332747.1979.11024039. PMID 504515.
Vito, Gennaro F.; Maahs, Jeffery R.; Holmes, Ronald M. (2006). Criminology: Theory, Research And Policy (edisi ke-2nd). Sudbury: Jones & Bartlett.
Warren, C. A. B. (1974). Identity and Community in the Gay World. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
Weinberg, T. (1978). "On 'Doing' and 'Being' Gay: Sexual Behavior and Homosexual Male Self-Identity". Journal of Homosexuality. 14 (2): 143–168. doi:10.1300/j082v04n02_02. PMID 739145.
Weinberg, M.; Williams, C. (1974). Male Homosexuals. New York: Oxford University Press.
Williams, C.; Weinberg, M. (1971). Homosexuals and the Military. New York: Harper and Row.
Wright, E. R.; Gronfein, W. P.; Owens, T. J. (2000). "Deinstitutionalization, Social Rejection, and the Self-Esteem of Former Mental Patients". Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 41 (1): 68–90. doi:10.2307/2676361. JSTOR 2676361. PMID 10750323.

Artikel bertopik sosiologi ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[1] Source Wikipedia. 2013. Labeling Theory: Social Constructionism, Social Stigma, Deinstitutionalisation, George Herbert Mead, Howard S. Becker, Labelling. General Books LLC. ISBN 9781234583347

[Macionis-2] Macionis, John, and Linda Gerber. 2010. Sociology (7th ed.). London: Pearson Education Canada.

[1]

[2]

@@ Baris 3: / Baris 3: @@
 Teori pelabelan berkaitan erat dengan [[Konstruksionisme sosial|konstruksi sosial]] dan analisis [[Teori interaksi simbolik|interaksi simbolik]].<ref name="Macionis"/> Teori pelabelan dikembangkan oleh [[sosiolog]] selama tahun 1960-an. Buku [[Howard Saul Becker]], Outsiders, sangat berpengaruh dalam perkembangan teori ini dan popularitasnya.
-Teori pelabelan juga terhubung dengan bidang lain selain kejahatan. Misalnya ada teori pelabelan yang sesuai dengan homoseksualitas. Alfred Kinsey dan rekan-rekannya adalah pendukung utama dalam memisahkan perbedaan antara peran seorang "homoseksual" dan tindakan yang dilakukan seseorang. Contohnya adalah gagasan bahwa pria yang melakukan tindakan feminin akan menyiratkan bahwa mereka homoseksual. [[Thomas J. Scheff]] menyatakan bahwa pelabelan juga berperan dengan "sakit jiwa". Label tidak mengacu pada kriminal, melainkan tindakan yang tidak diterima secara sosial karena gangguan mental.
+Teori pelabelan juga terhubung dengan bidang lain selain kejahatan. Misalnya ada teori pelabelan yang sesuai dengan homoseksualitas. Alfred Kinsey dan rekan-rekannya adalah pendukung utama dalam memisahkan perbedaan antara peran seorang "homoseksual" dan tindakan yang dilakukan seseorang. Contohnya adalah gagasan bahwa pria yang melakukan tindakan feminin akan menyiratkan bahwa mereka homoseksual. [[Thomas J. Scheff]] menyatakan bahwa pelabelan juga berperan dengan "sakit jiwa". Label tidak mengacu pada kriminal, melainkan tindakan yang tidak diterima secara sosial karena gangguan mental.
 == Referensi ==
@@ Baris 11: / Baris 11: @@
 {{refbegin|32em}}
 * {{cite book |last=Adam |first=B. |year=1978 |title=The Survival of Domination |url=https://archive.org/details/survivalofdomina0000adam |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=Elsevier |ref=harv}}
-* {{cite book |last=Becker |first=H. |year=1973 |origyear=1963 |title=Outsiders |location=New York |publisher=Free Press |ref=harv}}
+* {{cite book |last=Becker |first=H. |year=1973 |origyear=1963 |title=Outsiders |url=https://archive.org/details/outsidersstudies0000beck_a5o4 |location=New York |publisher=Free Press |ref=harv}}
 * {{cite book |last1=Bell |first1=A. |first2=M. |last2=Weinberg |year=1978 |title=Homosexualities: a Study of Diversity Among Men and Women |url=https://archive.org/details/homosexualitiessbellrich |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=Simon and Schuster |ref=harv}}
 * {{cite book |last1=Bell |first1=A. |first2=M. |last2=Weinberg |first3=S. K. |last3=Hammersmith |year=1981 |title=Sexual Preference: Its Development in Men and Women |location=Bloomington, IN |publisher=University of Indiana Press |ref=harv}}
@@ Baris 23: / Baris 23: @@
 * {{cite book |last=Goffman |first=E. |year=1963 |title=Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity |url=https://archive.org/details/stigmanotesonman0000goff |location=Englewood Cliffs, NY |publisher=Prentice-Hall |ref=harv}}
 * {{cite book |last=Goffman |first=E. |year=1974 |title=Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience |location=Cambridge |publisher=Harvard University Press |ref=harv}}
-* {{cite book |last=Goffman |first=E. |year=1982 |title=Interaction Ritual |location=New York |publisher=Pantheon Books |ref=harv}}
+* {{cite book |last=Goffman |first=E. |year=1982 |title=Interaction Ritual |url=https://archive.org/details/interactionritu000goff |location=New York |publisher=Pantheon Books |ref=harv}}
 * {{cite book |last=Gove |first=Walter R. |year=1975 |title=Labelling of Deviance: Evaluating a Perspective |location=Hoboken |publisher=John Wiley & Sons Inc |ref=harv}}
 * {{cite journal |last1=Hammersmith |first1=S. K. |first2=M. |last2=Weinberg |year=1973 |title=Homosexual Identity |journal=Sociometry |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=56–79 |ref=harv|pmid=4710474 |doi=10.2307/2786282|jstor=2786282 }}
@@ Baris 36: / Baris 36: @@
 * {{cite journal |last1=Link |first1=Bruce G. |first2=Francis T. |last2=Cullen |first3=Elmer |last3=Struening |first4=Patrick E. |last4=Shrout |first5=Bruce P. |last5=Dohrenwend |year=1989 |jstor=2095613 |title=A Modified Labeling Theory Approach to Mental Disorders: An Empirical Assessment |journal=American Sociological Review |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=400–423 |ref=harv |doi=10.2307/2095613}}
 * {{cite book |last1=Link |first1=Bruce G. |first2=Jo C. |last2=Phelan |year=1999 |chapter=The Labelling Theory of Mental Disorder (II): The Consequences of Labeling |title=A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health: Social Contexts, Theories, and Systems |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |ref=harv}}
-* {{cite book |last=Macionis |first=John J. |title=Sociology |edition=14th |year=2012 |publisher=Pearson |location=Boston |isbn=978-0-205-11671-3 |ref=harv}}
+* {{cite book |last=Macionis |first=John J. |title=Sociology |url=https://archive.org/details/sociology0000maci_x4j2 |edition=14th |year=2012 |publisher=Pearson |location=Boston |isbn=978-0-205-11671-3 |ref=harv}}
-* {{cite book |last1=Macionis |first1=J. |last2=Gerber |first2=L. |year=2010 |title=Sociology |edition=7th |ref=harv}}
+* {{cite book |last1=Macionis |first1=J. |last2=Gerber |first2=L. |year=2010 |title=Sociology |url=https://archive.org/details/sociology0000maci_e2b0 |edition=7th |ref=harv}}
 * {{cite book |last=Mackay |first=J. H. |year=1985 |title=The Hustler |url=https://archive.org/details/hustlerstoryo00mack |url-access=registration |location=Boston |publisher=Alyson Publications |ref=harv}}
 * {{cite book |last=Matza |first=D. |year=1969 |title=On Becoming Deviant |url=https://archive.org/details/becomingdeviant000matz |location=Englewood Cliffs, NJ |publisher=Prentice Hall |ref=harv}}
@@ Baris 43: / Baris 43: @@
 * {{cite book |last=Mead |first=G. H. |year=1934 |title=Mind, Self, and Society |url=https://archive.org/details/mindselfsocietyf00mead |url-access=registration |location=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press |ref=harv}}
 * {{cite book |last=Memmi |first=A. |year=1965 |title=The Colonizer and the Colonized |url=https://archive.org/details/colonizercoloniz0000memm_w8w9 |location=New York |publisher=Orion Press |ref=harv}}
-* {{cite book |last=Memmi |first=A. |year=1968 |title=Dominated Man |location=New York: Orion Press |ref=harv}}
+* {{cite book |last=Memmi |first=A. |year=1968 |title=Dominated Man |url=https://archive.org/details/dominatedmannote0000albe |location=New York: Orion Press |ref=harv}}
 * {{cite book |last=O'Grady |first=William |year=2011 |title=Crime in Canadian Context |url=https://archive.org/details/crimeincanadianc0000ogra |location=Ontario |publisher=Oxford University Press |ref=harv}}
 * {{cite book |last=Sagarin |first=E. |year=1975 |title=Deviants and Deviance |url=https://archive.org/details/deviantsdeviance00saga |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=Praeger |ref=harv}}
@@ Baris 54: / Baris 54: @@
 * {{cite book |last=Thoits |first=Peggy A. |year=1999 |chapter=Sociological approaches to mental illness |pages=121–138 |editor=Allan V. Horwitz & Teresa L. Scheid |title=A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health: Social Contexts, Theories, and Systems |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-56763-3 |ref=harv}}
 * {{cite journal |last=Troiden |first=T. |year=1979 |title=Becoming Homosexual: A model of Gay Identity Acquisition |journal=Psychiatry |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=362–373 |ref=harv|pmid=504515 |doi=10.1080/00332747.1979.11024039 }}
-* {{cite book |last1=Vito |first1=Gennaro F. |first2=Jeffery R. |last2=Maahs |first3=Ronald M. |last3=Holmes |year=2006 |title=Criminology: Theory, Research And Policy |edition=2nd |location=Sudbury |publisher=Jones & Bartlett |ref=harv}}
+* {{cite book |last1=Vito |first1=Gennaro F. |first2=Jeffery R. |last2=Maahs |first3=Ronald M. |last3=Holmes |year=2006 |title=Criminology: Theory, Research And Policy |url=https://archive.org/details/criminologytheor0000vito_y5e3 |edition=2nd |location=Sudbury |publisher=Jones & Bartlett |ref=harv}}
 * {{cite book |last=Warren |first=C. A. B. |year=1974 |title=Identity and Community in the Gay World |url=https://archive.org/details/identitycommunit0000warr |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=Wiley-Interscience |ref=harv}}
 * {{cite journal |last=Weinberg |first=T. |year=1978 |title=On 'Doing' and 'Being' Gay: Sexual Behavior and Homosexual Male Self-Identity |journal=Journal of Homosexuality |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages= 143–168|ref=harv |doi=10.1300/j082v04n02_02|pmid=739145 }}
 * {{cite book |last1=Weinberg |first1=M. |first2=C. |last2=Williams |year=1974 |title=Male Homosexuals |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |ref=harv}}
-* {{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=C. |first2=M. |last2=Weinberg |year=1971 |title=Homosexuals and the Military |location=New York |publisher=Harper and Row |ref=harv}}
+* {{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=C. |first2=M. |last2=Weinberg |year=1971 |title=Homosexuals and the Military |url=https://archive.org/details/homosexualmilita0000unse |location=New York |publisher=Harper and Row |ref=harv}}
 * {{cite journal |last1=Wright |first1=E.&nbsp;R. |last2=Gronfein |first2=W.&nbsp;P. |last3=Owens |first3=T.&nbsp;J. |year=2000 |jstor=2676361 |title=Deinstitutionalization, Social Rejection, and the Self-Esteem of Former Mental Patients |journal=Journal of Health and Social Behavior |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=68–90 |ref=harv|pmid=10750323 |doi=10.2307/2676361}}
 {{refend}}
@@ Baris 69: / Baris 69: @@
 [[Kategori:Konstruksionisme sosial]]
 [[Kategori:Masalah sosial dalam kedokteran]]
-[[Kategori: Interaksionisme simbolik]]
+[[Kategori:Interaksionisme simbolik]]
 {{Sosial-stub}}