Bahasa Isyarat Amerika: Perbedaan antara revisi
k →top: bentuk baku |
Add 1 book for Wikipedia:Pemastian (20240109)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot |
||
(6 revisi perantara oleh 3 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1: | Baris 1: | ||
{{No footnotes|date=Desember 2020}} |
|||
'''Bahasa Isyarat Amerika''' atau '''American Sign Language''' ('''ASL''') adalah [[bahasa isyarat]] dominan dari [[komunitas tuli]] di Amerika Serikat dan sebagian besar anglofon Kanada. Disamping Amerika Utara, dialek-dialek ASL dan bahasa-[[bahasa kreol]] berbasis ASL digunakan di beberapa negara di seluruh dunia, termasuk sebagian besar [[Afrika Barat]] dan bagian-bagian [[Asia Tenggara]]. ASL juga banyak dipelajari sebagai [[bahasa kedua]], disajikan sebagai [[lingua franca]]. ASL sangat berkaitkan dengan [[Bahasa Isyarat Prancis]] |
'''Bahasa Isyarat Amerika''' atau '''American Sign Language''' ('''ASL''') adalah [[bahasa isyarat]] dominan dari [[komunitas tuli]] di Amerika Serikat dan sebagian besar anglofon Kanada. Disamping Amerika Utara, dialek-dialek ASL dan bahasa-[[bahasa kreol]] berbasis ASL digunakan di beberapa negara di seluruh dunia, termasuk sebagian besar [[Afrika Barat]] dan bagian-bagian [[Asia Tenggara]]. ASL juga banyak dipelajari sebagai [[bahasa kedua]], disajikan sebagai [[lingua franca]]. ASL sangat berkaitkan dengan [[Bahasa Isyarat Prancis]] (LSF). Hal ini dinyatakan bahwa ASL adalah sebuah [[bahasa kreol]] dari LSF, meskipun ASL menunjukkan fitur-fitur khas bahasa kreol, seperti [[aglutinasi|morfologi aglutinatif]]. |
||
ASL bermula pada abad ke-19 di [[American School for the Deaf]] (ASD), [[Hartford, Connecticut]], dari situasi [[kontak bahasa]]. Sejak itu, ASL banyak digunakan di sekolah-sekolah untuk kaum tuli dan organisasi komunitas tuli. Meskipun banyak digunakan, tidak ada keakuratan dari para pemakai ASL yang dipegang, meskipun diperkirakan pemakai ASL Amerika berkisar dari 250,000 sampai 500,000 orang, termasuk sejumlah [[anak dewasa tuli]]. Para pemakai ASL menghadapi stigma karena kepercayaan akan superioritas [[bahasa lisan]] untuk bahasa isyarat, disertai fakta bahwa ASL sering kali [[glosarium antar-linear|di-glosarium-kan]] dalam bahasa Inggris karena kurangnya sistem penulisan standar. |
ASL bermula pada abad ke-19 di [[American School for the Deaf]] (ASD), [[Hartford, Connecticut]], dari situasi [[kontak bahasa]]. Sejak itu, ASL banyak digunakan di sekolah-sekolah untuk kaum tuli dan organisasi komunitas tuli. Meskipun banyak digunakan, tidak ada keakuratan dari para pemakai ASL yang dipegang, meskipun diperkirakan pemakai ASL Amerika berkisar dari 250,000 sampai 500,000 orang, termasuk sejumlah [[anak dewasa tuli]]. Para pemakai ASL menghadapi stigma karena kepercayaan akan superioritas [[bahasa lisan]] untuk bahasa isyarat, disertai fakta bahwa ASL sering kali [[glosarium antar-linear|di-glosarium-kan]] dalam bahasa Inggris karena kurangnya sistem penulisan standar. |
||
Baris 6: | Baris 7: | ||
{{refbegin|30em}} |
{{refbegin|30em}} |
||
* {{citation|last1=Armstrong|first1=David|last2=Karchmer|first2=Michael|year=2002|contribution=William C. Stokoe and the Study of Signed Languages|editor1-last=Armstrong|editor1-first=David|editor2-last=Karchmer|editor2-first=Michael|editor3-last=Van Cleve|editor3-first=John|title=The Study of Signed Languages|publisher=Gallaudet University|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pc-Rcg2-L0UC&printsec=frontcover&dq=William+C.+Stokoe+and+the+Study+of+Signed+Languages&hl=en&sa=X&ei=r8GyUMLgJMjr0gG334GADw&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA|accessdate=November 25, 2012|isbn=978-1-56368-123-3|ref=harv|pages=xi–xix}} |
* {{citation|last1=Armstrong|first1=David|last2=Karchmer|first2=Michael|year=2002|contribution=William C. Stokoe and the Study of Signed Languages|editor1-last=Armstrong|editor1-first=David|editor2-last=Karchmer|editor2-first=Michael|editor3-last=Van Cleve|editor3-first=John|title=The Study of Signed Languages|publisher=Gallaudet University|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pc-Rcg2-L0UC&printsec=frontcover&dq=William+C.+Stokoe+and+the+Study+of+Signed+Languages&hl=en&sa=X&ei=r8GyUMLgJMjr0gG334GADw&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA|accessdate=November 25, 2012|isbn=978-1-56368-123-3|ref=harv|pages=xi–xix}} |
||
* {{cite book|last=Bahan|first=Benjamin|year=1996|title=Non-Manual Realization of Agreement in American Sign Language|publisher=Boston University|url=ftp://louis-xiv.bu.edu/pub/asl/disserts/Bahan96.pdf|accessdate=November 25, 2012|ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book|last=Bahan|first=Benjamin|year=1996|title=Non-Manual Realization of Agreement in American Sign Language|publisher=Boston University|url=ftp://louis-xiv.bu.edu/pub/asl/disserts/Bahan96.pdf|accessdate=November 25, 2012|ref=harv|archive-date=2017-10-11|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171011051748/ftp://louis-xiv.bu.edu/pub/asl/disserts/Bahan96.pdf|dead-url=yes}} |
||
* {{cite book|last1=Bailey|first1=Carol|last2=Dolby|first2=Kathy|year=2002|title=The Canadian dictionary of ASL|location=Edmonton, AB|publisher=The University of Alberta Press|isbn=0888643004|ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book|last1=Bailey|first1=Carol|last2=Dolby|first2=Kathy|year=2002|title=The Canadian dictionary of ASL|url=https://archive.org/details/canadiandictiona00bail|location=Edmonton, AB|publisher=The University of Alberta Press|isbn=0888643004|ref=harv}} |
||
* {{cite journal|last1=Bishop|first1=Michele|last2=Hicks|first2=Sherry|year=2005|title=Orange Eyes: Bimodal Bilingualism in Hearing Adults from Deaf Families|url=http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/sign_language_studies/v005/5.2bishop.pdf|accessdate=December 3, 2012|journal=Sign Language Studies|volume=5|issue=2|pages=188–230|ref=harv|doi=10.1353/sls.2005.0001|publisher=Gallaudet University Press}} |
* {{cite journal|last1=Bishop|first1=Michele|last2=Hicks|first2=Sherry|year=2005|title=Orange Eyes: Bimodal Bilingualism in Hearing Adults from Deaf Families|url=http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/sign_language_studies/v005/5.2bishop.pdf|accessdate=December 3, 2012|journal=Sign Language Studies|volume=5|issue=2|pages=188–230|ref=harv|doi=10.1353/sls.2005.0001|publisher=Gallaudet University Press}} |
||
* {{cite book|last=Collins|first=Steven|year=2004|title=Adverbial Morphemes in Tactile American Sign Language|publisher=Union Institute & University|ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book|last=Collins|first=Steven|year=2004|title=Adverbial Morphemes in Tactile American Sign Language|publisher=Union Institute & University|ref=harv}} |
||
Baris 22: | Baris 23: | ||
| author2-link = Ursula Bellugi |
| author2-link = Ursula Bellugi |
||
| title = The signs of language |
| title = The signs of language |
||
| url = https://archive.org/details/signsoflanguage00klim_0 |
|||
| place = Boston |
| place = Boston |
||
| publisher = Harvard University Press |
| publisher = Harvard University Press |
||
Baris 30: | Baris 32: | ||
|accessdate=November 25, 2012|ref=harv}} |
|accessdate=November 25, 2012|ref=harv}} |
||
* {{citation|last=Liddell|first=Scott|year=2002|contribution=Modality Effects and Conflicting Agendas|editor1-last=Armstrong|editor1-first=David|editor2-last=Karchmer|editor2-first=Michael|editor3-last=Van Cleve|editor3-first=John|title=The Study of Signed Languages|publisher=Gallaudet University|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pc-Rcg2-L0UC&printsec=frontcover&dq=William+C.+Stokoe+and+the+Study+of+Signed+Languages&hl=en&sa=X&ei=r8GyUMLgJMjr0gG334GADw&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA|accessdate=November 26, 2012|isbn=978-1-56368-123-3|ref=harv|pages=xi–xix}} |
* {{citation|last=Liddell|first=Scott|year=2002|contribution=Modality Effects and Conflicting Agendas|editor1-last=Armstrong|editor1-first=David|editor2-last=Karchmer|editor2-first=Michael|editor3-last=Van Cleve|editor3-first=John|title=The Study of Signed Languages|publisher=Gallaudet University|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pc-Rcg2-L0UC&printsec=frontcover&dq=William+C.+Stokoe+and+the+Study+of+Signed+Languages&hl=en&sa=X&ei=r8GyUMLgJMjr0gG334GADw&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA|accessdate=November 26, 2012|isbn=978-1-56368-123-3|ref=harv|pages=xi–xix}} |
||
* {{cite book|last1=Lucas|first1=Ceil|last2=Bayley|first2=Robert|last3=Valli|first3=Clayton|year=2003|title=What's your sign for pizza?: An introduction to variation in American Sign Language|location=Washington, DC|publisher=Gallaudet University Press|isbn=1563681447|ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book|last1=Lucas|first1=Ceil|last2=Bayley|first2=Robert|last3=Valli|first3=Clayton|year=2003|title=What's your sign for pizza?: An introduction to variation in American Sign Language|url=https://archive.org/details/whatsyoursignfor0000luca|location=Washington, DC|publisher=Gallaudet University Press|isbn=1563681447|ref=harv}} |
||
* {{cite journal|last1=Mitchell|first1=Ross|last2=Young|first2=Travas|last3=Bachleda|first3=Bellamie|last4=Karchmer|first4=Michael|title=How Many People Use ASL in the United States?: Why Estimates Need Updating|journal=Sign Language Studies|volume=6|issue=3|year=2006|publisher=Gallaudet University Press.|issn=0302-1475|url=http://research.gallaudet.edu/Publications/ASL_Users.pdf|accessdate=November 27, 2012|ref=harv}} |
* {{cite journal|last1=Mitchell|first1=Ross|last2=Young|first2=Travas|last3=Bachleda|first3=Bellamie|last4=Karchmer|first4=Michael|title=How Many People Use ASL in the United States?: Why Estimates Need Updating|journal=Sign Language Studies|volume=6|issue=3|year=2006|publisher=Gallaudet University Press.|issn=0302-1475|url=http://research.gallaudet.edu/Publications/ASL_Users.pdf|accessdate=November 27, 2012|ref=harv|archive-date=2012-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915132637/http://research.gallaudet.edu/Publications/ASL_Users.pdf|dead-url=yes}} |
||
* {{citation|last=Nyst|first=Victoria|year=2010|contribution=Sign languages in West Africa|pages=405–432|editor-last=Brentari|editor-first=Diane|title=Sign Languages|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-88370-2|ref=harv}} |
* {{citation|last=Nyst|first=Victoria|year=2010|contribution=Sign languages in West Africa|pages=405–432|editor-last=Brentari|editor-first=Diane|title=Sign Languages|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-88370-2|ref=harv}} |
||
* {{citation |
* {{citation|last=Padden|first=Carol|year=2010|contribution=Sign Language Geography|pages=19–37|title=Deaf Around the World|editor1-last=Mathur|editor1-first=Gaurav|editor2-last=Napoli|editor2-first=Donna|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=0199732531|accessdate=November 25, 2012|url=http://communication.ucsd.edu/cpadden/sites/default/files/Padden%20SL%20Geography.pdf|ref=harv|archive-date=2011-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603020029/http://communication.ucsd.edu/cpadden/sites/default/files/Padden%20SL%20Geography.pdf|dead-url=yes}} |
||
* {{cite book |last=Solomon |first=Andrea |year=2010 |title=Cultural and Sociolinguistic Features of the Black Deaf Community |type=Honors Thesis |url=http://repository.cmu.edu/hsshonors/62/|accessdate=December 4, 2012 |publisher=Carnegie Mellon University|ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book |last=Solomon |first=Andrea |year=2010 |title=Cultural and Sociolinguistic Features of the Black Deaf Community |type=Honors Thesis |url=http://repository.cmu.edu/hsshonors/62/ |accessdate=December 4, 2012 |publisher=Carnegie Mellon University |ref=harv |archive-date=2012-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403073832/http://repository.cmu.edu/hsshonors/62/ |dead-url=yes }} |
||
* {{cite journal| last1=Supalla | first1=Samuel | last2=Cripps | first2=Jody| title=Toward Universal Design in Reading Instruction|journal=Bilingual Basics|volume=12|issue=2|year=2011|url=http://www.towson.edu/asld/documents/SupallaCripps_FNL_000.pdf|accessdate = January 5, 2012|ref=harv}} |
* {{cite journal| last1=Supalla | first1=Samuel | last2=Cripps | first2=Jody| title=Toward Universal Design in Reading Instruction|journal=Bilingual Basics|volume=12|issue=2|year=2011|url=http://www.towson.edu/asld/documents/SupallaCripps_FNL_000.pdf|accessdate = January 5, 2012|ref=harv}} |
||
* {{cite book|last1=Valli|first1=Clayton|last2=Lucas|first2=Ceil|title=Linguistics of American Sign Language|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mfS3GlTLAUMC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=December 2, 2012|year=2000|publisher=Gallaudet University Press|ref=harv|isbn=1-56368-097-1}} |
* {{cite book|last1=Valli|first1=Clayton|last2=Lucas|first2=Ceil|title=Linguistics of American Sign Language|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mfS3GlTLAUMC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=December 2, 2012|year=2000|publisher=Gallaudet University Press|ref=harv|isbn=1-56368-097-1}} |
Revisi terkini sejak 11 Januari 2024 11.45
Artikel ini sudah memiliki daftar referensi, bacaan terkait, atau pranala luar, tetapi sumbernya belum jelas karena belum menyertakan kutipan pada kalimat. |
Bahasa Isyarat Amerika atau American Sign Language (ASL) adalah bahasa isyarat dominan dari komunitas tuli di Amerika Serikat dan sebagian besar anglofon Kanada. Disamping Amerika Utara, dialek-dialek ASL dan bahasa-bahasa kreol berbasis ASL digunakan di beberapa negara di seluruh dunia, termasuk sebagian besar Afrika Barat dan bagian-bagian Asia Tenggara. ASL juga banyak dipelajari sebagai bahasa kedua, disajikan sebagai lingua franca. ASL sangat berkaitkan dengan Bahasa Isyarat Prancis (LSF). Hal ini dinyatakan bahwa ASL adalah sebuah bahasa kreol dari LSF, meskipun ASL menunjukkan fitur-fitur khas bahasa kreol, seperti morfologi aglutinatif.
ASL bermula pada abad ke-19 di American School for the Deaf (ASD), Hartford, Connecticut, dari situasi kontak bahasa. Sejak itu, ASL banyak digunakan di sekolah-sekolah untuk kaum tuli dan organisasi komunitas tuli. Meskipun banyak digunakan, tidak ada keakuratan dari para pemakai ASL yang dipegang, meskipun diperkirakan pemakai ASL Amerika berkisar dari 250,000 sampai 500,000 orang, termasuk sejumlah anak dewasa tuli. Para pemakai ASL menghadapi stigma karena kepercayaan akan superioritas bahasa lisan untuk bahasa isyarat, disertai fakta bahwa ASL sering kali di-glosarium-kan dalam bahasa Inggris karena kurangnya sistem penulisan standar.
Daftar pustaka
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Armstrong, David; Karchmer, Michael (2002), "William C. Stokoe and the Study of Signed Languages", dalam Armstrong, David; Karchmer, Michael; Van Cleve, John, The Study of Signed Languages, Gallaudet University, hlm. xi–xix, ISBN 978-1-56368-123-3, diakses tanggal November 25, 2012
- Bahan, Benjamin (1996). Non-Manual Realization of Agreement in American Sign Language (PDF). Boston University. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2017-10-11. Diakses tanggal November 25, 2012.
- Bailey, Carol; Dolby, Kathy (2002). The Canadian dictionary of ASL. Edmonton, AB: The University of Alberta Press. ISBN 0888643004.
- Bishop, Michele; Hicks, Sherry (2005). "Orange Eyes: Bimodal Bilingualism in Hearing Adults from Deaf Families" (PDF). Sign Language Studies. Gallaudet University Press. 5 (2): 188–230. doi:10.1353/sls.2005.0001. Diakses tanggal December 3, 2012.
- Collins, Steven (2004). Adverbial Morphemes in Tactile American Sign Language. Union Institute & University.
- Costello, Elaine (2008). American Sign Language Dictionary. Random House. ISBN 0375426167. Diakses tanggal November 26, 2012.
- Hurlbut, Hope (2003), "A Preliminary Survey of the Signed Languages of Malaysia", dalam Baker, Anne; van den Bogaerde, Beppie; Crasborn, Onno, Cross-linguistic perspectives in sign language research: selected papers from TISLR (PDF), Hamburg: Signum Verlag, hlm. 31–46, diakses tanggal December 3, 2012
- Johnson, Trevor; Schembri, Adam (2007). Australian Sign Language (Auslan): An introduction to sign language linguistics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521540569. Diakses tanggal November 27, 2012.
- Kegl, Judy (2008). "The Case of Signed Languages in the Context of Pidgin and Creole Studies". Dalam Kouwenberg, Silvia; Singler, John. The Handbook of Pidgin and Creole Studies. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0521540569. Diakses tanggal November 27, 2012.
- Klima, Edward S.; Bellugi, Ursula (1979). The signs of language. Boston: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-80796-9.
- Lane, Harlan; Pillard, Richard; French, Mary (2000). "Origins of the American Deaf-World" (PDF). Sign Language Studies. Gallaudet University Press. 1 (1): 17–44. doi:10.1353/sls.2000.0003. Diakses tanggal November 25, 2012.
- Liddell, Scott (2002), "Modality Effects and Conflicting Agendas", dalam Armstrong, David; Karchmer, Michael; Van Cleve, John, The Study of Signed Languages, Gallaudet University, hlm. xi–xix, ISBN 978-1-56368-123-3, diakses tanggal November 26, 2012
- Lucas, Ceil; Bayley, Robert; Valli, Clayton (2003). What's your sign for pizza?: An introduction to variation in American Sign Language. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press. ISBN 1563681447.
- Mitchell, Ross; Young, Travas; Bachleda, Bellamie; Karchmer, Michael (2006). "How Many People Use ASL in the United States?: Why Estimates Need Updating" (PDF). Sign Language Studies. Gallaudet University Press. 6 (3). ISSN 0302-1475. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-09-15. Diakses tanggal November 27, 2012.
- Nyst, Victoria (2010), "Sign languages in West Africa", dalam Brentari, Diane, Sign Languages, Cambridge University Press, hlm. 405–432, ISBN 978-0-521-88370-2
- Padden, Carol (2010), "Sign Language Geography", dalam Mathur, Gaurav; Napoli, Donna, Deaf Around the World (PDF), New York: Oxford University Press, hlm. 19–37, ISBN 0199732531, diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2011-06-03, diakses tanggal November 25, 2012
- Solomon, Andrea (2010). Cultural and Sociolinguistic Features of the Black Deaf Community (Honors Thesis). Carnegie Mellon University. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-04-03. Diakses tanggal December 4, 2012.
- Supalla, Samuel; Cripps, Jody (2011). "Toward Universal Design in Reading Instruction" (PDF). Bilingual Basics. 12 (2). Diakses tanggal January 5, 2012.
- Valli, Clayton; Lucas, Ceil (2000). Linguistics of American Sign Language. Gallaudet University Press. ISBN 1-56368-097-1. Diakses tanggal December 2, 2012.
- van der Hulst, Harry; Channon, Rachel (2010), "Notation systems", dalam Brentari, Diane, Sign Languages, Cambridge University Press, hlm. 151–172, ISBN 978-0-521-88370-2
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]Cari tahu mengenai Bahasa Isyarat Amerika pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya: | |
Definisi dan terjemahan dari Wiktionary | |
Gambar dan media dari Commons | |
Buku dari Wikibuku | |
Entri basisdata #Q14759 di Wikidata |
- Bahasa Isyarat Amerika di Curlie (dari DMOZ)
- Accessible American Sign Language dictionary
- One-stop resource American Sign Language and video dictionary
- National Institute of Deafness ASL section
- National Association of the Deaf ASL information
- American Sign Language
- The American Sign Language Linguistics Research Project
- Video Dictionary of ASL