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* {{cite book|last1=Lucas|first1=Ceil|last2=Bayley|first2=Robert|last3=Valli|first3=Clayton|year=2003|title=What's your sign for pizza?: An introduction to variation in American Sign Language|location=Washington, DC|publisher=Gallaudet University Press|isbn=1563681447|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last1=Lucas|first1=Ceil|last2=Bayley|first2=Robert|last3=Valli|first3=Clayton|year=2003|title=What's your sign for pizza?: An introduction to variation in American Sign Language|url=https://archive.org/details/whatsyoursignfor0000luca|location=Washington, DC|publisher=Gallaudet University Press|isbn=1563681447|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Mitchell|first1=Ross|last2=Young|first2=Travas|last3=Bachleda|first3=Bellamie|last4=Karchmer|first4=Michael|title=How Many People Use ASL in the United States?: Why Estimates Need Updating|journal=Sign Language Studies|volume=6|issue=3|year=2006|publisher=Gallaudet University Press.|issn=0302-1475|url=http://research.gallaudet.edu/Publications/ASL_Users.pdf|accessdate=November 27, 2012|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Mitchell|first1=Ross|last2=Young|first2=Travas|last3=Bachleda|first3=Bellamie|last4=Karchmer|first4=Michael|title=How Many People Use ASL in the United States?: Why Estimates Need Updating|journal=Sign Language Studies|volume=6|issue=3|year=2006|publisher=Gallaudet University Press.|issn=0302-1475|url=http://research.gallaudet.edu/Publications/ASL_Users.pdf|accessdate=November 27, 2012|ref=harv|archive-date=2012-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915132637/http://research.gallaudet.edu/Publications/ASL_Users.pdf|dead-url=yes}}
* {{citation|last=Nyst|first=Victoria|year=2010|contribution=Sign languages in West Africa|pages=405–432|editor-last=Brentari|editor-first=Diane|title=Sign Languages|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-88370-2|ref=harv}}
* {{citation|last=Nyst|first=Victoria|year=2010|contribution=Sign languages in West Africa|pages=405–432|editor-last=Brentari|editor-first=Diane|title=Sign Languages|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-88370-2|ref=harv}}
* {{citation|last=Padden|first=Carol|year=2010|contribution=Sign Language Geography|pages=19–37|title=Deaf Around the World|editor1-last=Mathur|editor1-first=Gaurav|editor2-last=Napoli|editor2-first=Donna|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=0199732531|accessdate=November 25, 2012|url=http://communication.ucsd.edu/cpadden/sites/default/files/Padden%20SL%20Geography.pdf|ref=harv|archive-date=2011-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603020029/http://communication.ucsd.edu/cpadden/sites/default/files/Padden%20SL%20Geography.pdf|dead-url=yes}}
* {{citation|last=Padden|first=Carol|year=2010|contribution=Sign Language Geography|pages=19–37|title=Deaf Around the World|editor1-last=Mathur|editor1-first=Gaurav|editor2-last=Napoli|editor2-first=Donna|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=0199732531|accessdate=November 25, 2012|url=http://communication.ucsd.edu/cpadden/sites/default/files/Padden%20SL%20Geography.pdf|ref=harv|archive-date=2011-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603020029/http://communication.ucsd.edu/cpadden/sites/default/files/Padden%20SL%20Geography.pdf|dead-url=yes}}
* {{cite book |last=Solomon |first=Andrea |year=2010 |title=Cultural and Sociolinguistic Features of the Black Deaf Community |type=Honors Thesis |url=http://repository.cmu.edu/hsshonors/62/|accessdate=December 4, 2012 |publisher=Carnegie Mellon University|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Solomon |first=Andrea |year=2010 |title=Cultural and Sociolinguistic Features of the Black Deaf Community |type=Honors Thesis |url=http://repository.cmu.edu/hsshonors/62/ |accessdate=December 4, 2012 |publisher=Carnegie Mellon University |ref=harv |archive-date=2012-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403073832/http://repository.cmu.edu/hsshonors/62/ |dead-url=yes }}
* {{cite journal| last1=Supalla | first1=Samuel | last2=Cripps | first2=Jody| title=Toward Universal Design in Reading Instruction|journal=Bilingual Basics|volume=12|issue=2|year=2011|url=http://www.towson.edu/asld/documents/SupallaCripps_FNL_000.pdf|accessdate = January 5, 2012|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal| last1=Supalla | first1=Samuel | last2=Cripps | first2=Jody| title=Toward Universal Design in Reading Instruction|journal=Bilingual Basics|volume=12|issue=2|year=2011|url=http://www.towson.edu/asld/documents/SupallaCripps_FNL_000.pdf|accessdate = January 5, 2012|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last1=Valli|first1=Clayton|last2=Lucas|first2=Ceil|title=Linguistics of American Sign Language|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mfS3GlTLAUMC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=December 2, 2012|year=2000|publisher=Gallaudet University Press|ref=harv|isbn=1-56368-097-1}}
* {{cite book|last1=Valli|first1=Clayton|last2=Lucas|first2=Ceil|title=Linguistics of American Sign Language|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mfS3GlTLAUMC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=December 2, 2012|year=2000|publisher=Gallaudet University Press|ref=harv|isbn=1-56368-097-1}}

Revisi terkini sejak 11 Januari 2024 11.45

Bahasa Isyarat Amerika atau American Sign Language (ASL) adalah bahasa isyarat dominan dari komunitas tuli di Amerika Serikat dan sebagian besar anglofon Kanada. Disamping Amerika Utara, dialek-dialek ASL dan bahasa-bahasa kreol berbasis ASL digunakan di beberapa negara di seluruh dunia, termasuk sebagian besar Afrika Barat dan bagian-bagian Asia Tenggara. ASL juga banyak dipelajari sebagai bahasa kedua, disajikan sebagai lingua franca. ASL sangat berkaitkan dengan Bahasa Isyarat Prancis (LSF). Hal ini dinyatakan bahwa ASL adalah sebuah bahasa kreol dari LSF, meskipun ASL menunjukkan fitur-fitur khas bahasa kreol, seperti morfologi aglutinatif.

ASL bermula pada abad ke-19 di American School for the Deaf (ASD), Hartford, Connecticut, dari situasi kontak bahasa. Sejak itu, ASL banyak digunakan di sekolah-sekolah untuk kaum tuli dan organisasi komunitas tuli. Meskipun banyak digunakan, tidak ada keakuratan dari para pemakai ASL yang dipegang, meskipun diperkirakan pemakai ASL Amerika berkisar dari 250,000 sampai 500,000 orang, termasuk sejumlah anak dewasa tuli. Para pemakai ASL menghadapi stigma karena kepercayaan akan superioritas bahasa lisan untuk bahasa isyarat, disertai fakta bahwa ASL sering kali di-glosarium-kan dalam bahasa Inggris karena kurangnya sistem penulisan standar.

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