Daftar dua puluh delapan Buddha: Perbedaan antara revisi
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#ALIH [[Kebuddhaan#28_Buddha_dan_1_Bodhisatta]] |
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{{buddhisme}} |
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Di negara-negara di mana Buddhisme [[Theravada]] dianut oleh mayoritas masyarakat ([[Buddhisme di Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]], [[Buddhisme di Kamboja|Kamboja]], [[Buddhisme di Laos|Laos]], [[Buddhisme di Myanmar|Myanmar]], [[Buddhisme di Thailand|Thailand]]), merupakan hal yang lazim bagi umat Buddhis untuk menyelenggarakan perayaan-perayaan, terutama selama musim yang baik, guna menghormati 29 Buddha. |
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Penghormatan para Buddha ini termasuk 28 Buddha sebagaimana dijelaskan pada Bagian 27 dalam [[Buddhavamsa]], ditambah [[Maitreya|Bodhisattva Maitreya]], Buddha (ke-29) mendatang. Buddhavamsa adalah sebuah naskah yang menjelaskan kehidupan [[Buddha Gautama]] dan dua-puluh-tujuh Buddha sebelumnya. Buddhavamsa adalah bagian dari [[Khuddaka Nikaya]], yang kemudian merupakan bagian dari [[Sutta Pitaka]]. Sutta Pitaka merupakan satu dari tiga bagian dari [[Kanon Pali]] [[agama Buddha]] [[Theravada]]. |
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28 Buddha dikatakan telah mencapai pencerahan mulai dari waktu Buddha Gautama menerima ''Niyatha Vivarana'' pertamanya (persetujuan untuk menjadi yang tercerahkan berikutnya) dari [[Buddha Dīpankara]]. |
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Buddha-Buddha yang telah ada sebelumnya bukan hanya berjumlah 28 Buddha. Sesungguhnya, Buddha Gautama telah menyampaikan jumlah Buddha yang tidak terhingga yang telah hidup beberapa [[Kalpa (aeon)|kalpa]] lalu. |
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[[Berkas:Buddha recliningwsuthat.jpg|thumb|left|Gambar Buddha yang berbaring di [[Wat Suthat]] di [[Thailand]] melukiskan [[Buddha Gautama]] mencapai Parinibbana.]] |
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[[Berkas:Buddha in Sarnath Museum (Dhammajak Mutra).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Sebuah patung [[Buddha Gautama]] dari [[Sarnath]], abad ke-4 Masehi.]] |
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[[Berkas:KushanMaitreya.JPG|thumb|left|[[Maitreya Buddha]] dari abad ke-2 masehi [[Kesenian Greko-Buddhis|Periode Kesenian Gandharan]]]] |
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== Nama 28 Buddha == |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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|+ Nama 28 Buddha |
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|- |
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! |
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! Nama Pāli<ref name=Malalasekera294/><ref name=Davids1878/> |
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! Kasta<ref name=Davids1878/> |
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! Tempat lahir<ref name=Davids1878/> |
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! Orang tua<ref name=Davids1878/> |
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! ''Bodhirukka'' (pohon pencerahan)<ref name=Davids1878/><ref name=Malalasekera319/> |
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! Inkarnasi dari Gautama |
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|- |
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!1 |
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|{{IAST|Taṇhaṅkara}}<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/t/t1_th.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Taṇhaṅkara]</ref> |
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|Raja Sunandha dan Ratu Sunandhaa |
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|Rukkaththana |
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|- |
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!2 |
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|{{IAST|Medhaṅkara}}<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/me_mu/medhankara.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Medhaṅkara]</ref> |
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|Sudheva dan Yasodhara |
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|Kaela |
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|- |
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!3 |
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|{{IAST|Saraṇaṅkara}}<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/sa/saranankara.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Saraṇaṅkara]</ref> |
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|Sumangala dan Yasawathi |
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|Pulila |
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|- |
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!4 |
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|[[Dīpankara Buddha|Dīpankara]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/d/diipankara.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Dīpankara]</ref> |
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|{{IAST|Brahmin}}<ref name=BealChIII/> |
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|Rammawatinagara |
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|Sudheva dan Sumedhaya |
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|Pipphala |
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|Sumedha (juga Sumati atau Megha Mānava, seorang [[Brahman]] yang kaya)<ref name=Ghosh1987/> |
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|- |
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!5 |
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|[[Buddha Koṇḍañña|Koṇḍañña]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/ku/kondanna.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Koṇḍañña]</ref> |
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|{{IAST|Kshatriya}}<ref name=BealChIII/> |
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|Rammawatinagara |
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|Sunanda dan Sujata |
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|Salakalyana |
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|Vijitawi (seorang Chakravarti dari Chandawatinagara, Majjhimadesa) |
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|- |
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!6 |
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|[[Buddha Maṅgala|Maṅgala]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/ma/mangala.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Maṅgala]</ref> |
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|{{IAST|Brahmin}}<ref name=BealChIII/> |
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|Uttaranagara (Majhimmadesa) |
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|Uttara dan Uttara |
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|a naga |
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|Suruchi (di Siribrahmano) |
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|- |
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!7 |
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|[[Saman (deity)|Sumana]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/s/sumana.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Sumana]</ref> |
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|{{IAST|Kshatriya}}<ref name=BealChIII/> |
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|Mekhalanagara |
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|Sudassana dan Sirima |
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|a naga |
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|Raja Atulo, a Naga |
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|- |
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!8 |
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|[[Revata Buddha|Revata]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/r/revata.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Revata]</ref> |
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|{{IAST|Brahmin}}<ref name=BealChIII/> |
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|Sudhannawatinagara |
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|Vipala dan Vipula |
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|a naga |
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|A Veda-versed Brahman |
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|- |
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!9 |
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|[[Sobhita Buddha|Sobhita]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/s/sobhita.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Sobhita]</ref> |
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|{{IAST|Kshatriya}}<ref name=BealChIII/> |
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|Sudhammanagara |
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|Sudhammanagara (ayah) dan Sudhammanagara (ibu) |
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|a naga |
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|Sujata, seorang Brahman (di Rammavati) |
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|- |
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!10 |
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|[[Anomadassi Buddha|Anomadassi]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/ay/anomadassii.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Anomadassi]</ref> |
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|{{IAST|Brahmin}}<ref name=BealChIII/> |
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|Chandawatinagara |
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|Yasava dan Yasodara |
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|ajjuna |
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|Seorang raja Yaksha |
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|- |
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!11 |
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|[[Paduma Buddha|Paduma]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/pa/paduma.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Paduma]</ref> |
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|{{IAST|Kshatriya}}<ref name=BealChIII/> |
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|Champayanagara |
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|Asama dan Asama |
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|salala |
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|Seekor singa |
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|- |
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!12 |
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|[[Nārada Buddha|Nārada]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/n/naarada.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Nārada]</ref> |
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|Dhammawatinagara |
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|Raja Sudheva dan Anopama |
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|sonaka |
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|seorang tapaso di Himalaya |
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|- |
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!13 |
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|[[Padumuttara Buddha|Padumuttara]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/pa/padumuttara.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Padumuttara]</ref> |
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|{{IAST|Kshatriya}} |
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|Hansawatinagara |
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|Anurula dan Sujata |
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|salala |
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|Jatilo an ascetic |
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|- |
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!14 |
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|[[Sumedha Buddha|Sumedha]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/s/sumedha.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Sumedha]</ref> |
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|{{IAST|Kshatriya}} |
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|Sudasananagara |
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|Sumedha (ayah) dan Sumedha (ibu) |
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|nipa |
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|Penduduk asli dari Uttaro |
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|- |
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!15 |
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|[[Sujāta Buddha|Sujāta]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/s/sujaata.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Sujāta]</ref> |
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|Sumangalanagara |
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|Uggata dan Pabbavati |
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|welu |
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|seorang chakravarti |
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|- |
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!16 |
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|[[Piyadassi Buddha|Piyadassi]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/pu/piyadassii.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Piyadassi]</ref> |
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|Sudannanagara |
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|Sudata dan Subaddha |
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|kakudha |
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|Kassapa, seorang Brahmin (di Siriwattanagara) |
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|- |
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!17 |
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|[[Atthadassi Buddha|Atthadassi]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/ay/atthadassii.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Atthadassi]</ref> |
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|{{IAST|Kshatriya}} |
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|Sonanagara |
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|Sagara dan Sudassana |
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|champa |
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|Susino, seorang Brahman |
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|- |
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!18 |
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|[[Dhammadassī Buddha|Dhammadassī]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/d/dhammadassii.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Dhammadassī]</ref> |
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|{{IAST|Kshatriya}} |
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|Surananagara |
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|Suranamaha dan Sunanada |
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|bimbajala |
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|Indra, pemimpin para dewa |
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|- |
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!19 |
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|[[Buddha Siddharttha|Siddharttha]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/s/siddhattha.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Siddhattha]</ref> |
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|Vibharanagara |
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|Udeni dan Suphasa |
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|kanihani |
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|Mangal, seorang Brahman |
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|- |
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!20 |
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|[[Tissa Buddha|Tissa]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/t/tissa.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Tissa]</ref> |
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|Khemanagara |
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|Janasando dan Paduma |
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|assana |
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|Raja Sujata dari Yasawatinagara |
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|- |
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!21 |
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|[[Phussa Buddha|Phussa]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/pu/phussa.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Phussa]</ref> |
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|{{IAST|Kshatriya}} |
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|Kasi |
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|Jayasena dan Siremaya |
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|amalaka |
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|Vijitavi |
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|- |
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!22 |
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|[[Vipassī Buddha|Vipassī]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/vy/vipassii.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Vipassī]</ref> |
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|{{IAST|Kshatriya}} |
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|Bandhuvatinagara |
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|Vipassi (ayah) dan Vipassi (ibu) |
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|patali |
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|Raja Atula |
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|- |
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!23 |
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|[[Sikhī Buddha|Sikhī]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/s/sikhii.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Sikhī]</ref> |
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|{{IAST|Kshatriya}} |
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|Arunavattinagara |
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|Arunavatti dan Paphavatti |
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|pundariko |
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|Arindamo (di Paribhuttanagara) |
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|- |
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!24 |
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|[[Buddha Vessabhū|Vessabhū]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/vy/vessabhuu.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Vessabhū]</ref> |
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|{{IAST|Kshatriya}} |
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|Anupamanagara |
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|Suppalittha dan Yashavati |
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|sala |
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|Sadassana (di Sarabhavatinagara) |
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|- |
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!25 |
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|[[Buddha Kakusandha|Kakusandha]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/ka/kakusandha.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Kakusandha]</ref> |
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|{{IAST|Brahmin}} |
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|Khemavatinagara |
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|Agidatta, Brahman purohitta dari raja Khema dan Visakha |
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|airisa |
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|Raja Khema<ref name=jatakaonline/> |
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|- |
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!26 |
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|[[Koṇāgamana Buddha|Koṇāgamana]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/ku/konaagamana.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Koṇāgamana]</ref> |
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|{{IAST|Brahmin}}<ref name=Barua2008/> |
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|Sobhavatinagara |
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|Yannadatta the Brahman dan Uttara |
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|udumbara |
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|Raja Pabbata dari daerah pegunungan di Mithila |
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|- |
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!27 |
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|[[Kassapa Buddha|Kassapa]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/ka/kassapa.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Kassapa]</ref> |
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|{{IAST|Brahmin}} |
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|Baranasinagara |
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|Brahmadatta, seorang Brahman dan Dhanavati |
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|nigroda |
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|Jotipala (di Vappulla) |
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|- |
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!28 |
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|[[Gautama Buddha|Gautama]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/g/gotama.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Gotama]</ref> |
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|Kshatriya |
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|[[Kapilavastu]] |
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|[[Śuddhodana|Raja Suddhodana]] dan [[Mahamaya]] |
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|[[pohon Bodhi]] (Ficus religiosa) |
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== Lihat pula == |
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* [[Buddhavamsa]] |
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* [[Lima Buddha Kebijaksanaan]] |
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* [[Daftar Bodhisattva]] |
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== Referensi == |
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{{Reflist|2|refs= |
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<ref name=Barua2008>{{cite book|last=Barua|first=A|title=Dīgha-Nikāya: romanize Pāli text with English translation|edition=1st|volume=2|chapter=|page=6|publisher=New Bharatiya Book Corporation|location=Delhi, India|year=2008|isbn=81-8315-096-9|url=}}</ref> |
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<ref name=BealChIII>[[#refBeal1875|Beal (1875)]], Beal S, ''Chapter III: Exciting to religious sentiment'', pp. 10-17</ref> |
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<ref name=Davids1878>{{cite book|last=Davids|first=TWR|last2=Davids|first2=R|authorlink=Thomas William Rhys Davids|title=Buddhist birth-stories; Jataka tales. The commentarial introduction entitled Nidana-Katha; the story of the lineage|chapter=The successive bodhisats in the times of the previous Buddhas|pages=115–44|publisher=George Routledge & Sons|location=London|year=1878|url=http://archive.org/stream/buddhistbirth00daviuoft#page/n132/mode/1up}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Ghosh1987>{{cite journal|last=Ghosh|first=B|title=Buddha Dīpankara: twentyfourth predecessor of Gautama|journal=Bulletin of Tibetology|volume=11 (new series)|issue=2|pages=33–8|year=1987|issn=0525-1516|url=http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/bot/pdf/bot_1987_02_03.pdf}}</ref> |
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<ref name=jatakaonline>[http://www.jatakaonline.com/jataka-tales/00110-prophecies-of-kakusandha-buddha-konagamana-buddha-and-kassapa-buddha Prophecies of Kakusandha Buddha, Konagamana Buddha and Kassapa Buddha]</ref> |
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<ref name=Malalasekera319>[[#refMalalasekera2007|Malalasekera (2007)]], Malalasekera GP, ''Bodhirukka'', p. 319</ref> |
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<ref name=Malalasekera294>[[#refMalalasekera2007|Malalasekera (2007)]], Malalasekera GP, ''Buddha'', pp. 294-305</ref> |
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<!-- <ref name=Buddhavamsa1882>{{cite book|editor-last=Morris|editor-first=R|editor-link=Richard Morris (philology)|title=The Buddhavamsa|chapter=XXVII: List of the Buddhas|pages=66–7|publisher=Pali Text Society|location=London|year=1882|url=}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Cunningham1880>{{cite book|last=Cunningham|first=A|authorlink=Alexander Cunningham|title=Report of Tours in the Gangetic Provinces from Badaon to Bihar, in 1875-76 and 1877-78|chapter=XVIII: Tandwa|pages=70–8|publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing|location=Calcutta, India|year=1880|url=http://archive.org/stream/reporttoursinga00cunngoog#page/n80/mode/1up}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Huntington>{{cite web|author=|title=Life of the Buddha: Dīpankara's Prediction of Enlightenment|work=|publisher=The Huntington Archive - The Ohio State University|location=|year=|url=http://huntingtonarchive.osu.edu/studypages/internal/dl/SouthAsia/Buddhist/pgs/u5/DL0208m.htm|accessdate=2012-09-06}}</ref> --> |
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}} |
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== Pranala luar == |
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* Vipassana.info: [http://www.vipassana.info/dic_idx.html Pali Proper Names Dictionary] |
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* <span id="refBeal1875" class="citation">{{cite book|last=Beal|first=S|authorlink=Samuel Beal|title=The romantic legend of Sâkya Buddha: from the Chinese-Sanscrit|publisher=Trubner & Company, Ludgate Hill|location=London|year=1875|url=http://archive.org/stream/cu31924023164209#page/n5/mode/2up}}</span> |
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* <span id="refMalalasekera2007" class="citation">{{cite book|last=Malalasekera|first=GP|authorlink=Gunapala Piyasena Malalasekera|title=Dictionary of Pāli proper names|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited|location=Delhi, India|year=2007|isbn=978-81-208-3020-2|url=http://books.google.com/?id=8Au_lIP1ZnQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Gunapala+Piyasena+Malalasekera%22#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</span> |
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{{Topik Buddhisme}} |
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[[Kategori:Buddha| ]] |
Revisi per 8 Februari 2024 04.47
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