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#ALIH [[Kebuddhaan#28_Buddha_dan_1_Bodhisatta]]
{{buddhisme}}
[[Berkas:KushanMaitreya.JPG|jmpl|kiri|[[Maitreya Buddha]] dari abad ke-2 masehi [[Kesenian Greko-Buddhis|Periode Kesenian Gandharan]]]]Di negara-negara di mana Buddhisme [[Theravada]] dianut oleh mayoritas masyarakat ([[Buddhisme di Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]], [[Buddhisme di Kamboja|Kamboja]], [[Buddhisme di Laos|Laos]], [[Buddhisme di Myanmar|Myanmar]], [[Buddhisme di Thailand|Thailand]]), merupakan hal yang lazim bagi umat Buddhis untuk menyelenggarakan perayaan-perayaan, terutama selama musim yang baik, guna menghormati 29 Sammāsambuddha. Sammāsambuddha merupakan salah satu dari tiga jenis [[Kebuddhaan]] menurut aliran Theravāda, yakni seseorang yang menemukan Dhamma tanpa guru dan juga turut mengajarkan Dhamma. Para Buddha selain Sammāsambuddha tidak termasuk dalam daftar 29 Sammāsambuddha tersebut.

Penghormatan para Buddha ini ditujukan untuk menghormati 28 Buddha sebagaimana dijelaskan pada Bagian 27 dalam [[Buddhavamsa]], ditambah [[Maitreya|Bodhisattva Maitreya]], Buddha (ke-29) mendatang. Buddhavamsa adalah sebuah naskah yang menjelaskan kehidupan [[Buddha Gautama]] dan dua-puluh-tujuh Buddha sebelumnya. Buddhavamsa adalah bagian dari [[Khuddaka Nikaya]], yang kemudian merupakan bagian dari [[Sutta Pitaka]]. Sutta Pitaka merupakan satu dari tiga bagian dari [[Kanon Pali]] [[agama Buddha]] [[Theravada]].

Buddha-Buddha yang telah ada sebelumnya bukan hanya berjumlah 28 Buddha. Sesungguhnya, Buddha Gautama telah menyampaikan jumlah Buddha yang tidak terhingga yang telah hidup beberapa [[Kalpa (aeon)|kalpa]] lalu.

== Nama 28 Buddha ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Nama 28 Buddha
|-
!
! Nama Pāli<ref name=Malalasekera294/><ref name=Davids1878/>
! Kasta<ref name=Davids1878/>
! Tempat lahir<ref name=Davids1878/>
! Orang tua<ref name=Davids1878/>
! ''Bodhirukka'' (pohon pencerahan)<ref name=Davids1878/><ref name=Malalasekera319/>
! Inkarnasi dari Gautama
|-
!1
|{{IAST|Taṇhaṅkara}}<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/t/t1_th.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Taṇhaṅkara]</ref>
|
|
|Raja Sunandha dan Ratu Sunandhaa
|Rukkaththana
|
|-
!2
|{{IAST|Medhaṅkara}}<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/me_mu/medhankara.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Medhaṅkara]</ref>
|
|
|Sudheva dan Yasodhara
|Kaela
|
|-
!3
|{{IAST|Saraṇaṅkara}}<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/sa/saranankara.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Saraṇaṅkara]</ref>
|
|
|Sumangala dan Yasawathi
|Pulila
|
|-
!4
|[[Buddha Dīpankara|Dīpankara]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/d/diipankara.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Dīpankara]</ref>
|{{IAST|Brahmin}}<ref name=BealChIII/>
|Rammawatinagara
|Sudheva dan Sumedhaya
|Pipphala
|Sumedha (juga Sumati atau Megha Mānava, seorang [[Brahman]] yang kaya)<ref name=Ghosh1987/>
|-
!5
|[[Buddha Koṇḍañña|Koṇḍañña]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/ku/kondanna.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Koṇḍañña]</ref>
|{{IAST|Kshatriya}}<ref name=BealChIII/>
|Rammawatinagara
|Sunanda dan Sujata
|Salakalyana
|Vijitawi (seorang Chakravarti dari Chandawatinagara, Majjhimadesa)
|-
!6
|[[Buddha Maṅgala|Maṅgala]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/ma/mangala.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Maṅgala]</ref>
|{{IAST|Brahmin}}<ref name=BealChIII/>
|Uttaranagara (Majhimmadesa)
|Uttara dan Uttara
|a naga
|Suruchi (di Siribrahmano)
|-
!7
|[[Saman (deity)|Sumana]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/s/sumana.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Sumana]</ref>
|{{IAST|Kshatriya}}<ref name=BealChIII/>
|Mekhalanagara
|Sudassana dan Sirima
|a naga
|Raja Atulo, a Naga
|-
!8
|[[Revata Buddha|Revata]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/r/revata.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Revata]</ref>
|{{IAST|Brahmin}}<ref name=BealChIII/>
|Sudhannawatinagara
|Vipala dan Vipula
|a naga
|A Veda-versed Brahman
|-
!9
|[[Sobhita Buddha|Sobhita]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/s/sobhita.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Sobhita]</ref>
|{{IAST|Kshatriya}}<ref name=BealChIII/>
|Sudhammanagara
|Sudhammanagara (ayah) dan Sudhammanagara (ibu)
|a naga
|Sujata, seorang Brahman (di Rammavati)
|-
!10
|[[Anomadassi Buddha|Anomadassi]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/ay/anomadassii.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Anomadassi]</ref>
|{{IAST|Brahmin}}<ref name=BealChIII/>
|Chandawatinagara
|Yasava dan Yasodara
|ajjuna
|Seorang raja Yaksha
|-
!11
|[[Paduma Buddha|Paduma]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/pa/paduma.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Paduma]</ref>
|{{IAST|Kshatriya}}<ref name=BealChIII/>
|Champayanagara
|Asama dan Asama
|salala
|Seekor singa
|-
!12
|[[Nārada Buddha|Nārada]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/n/naarada.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Nārada]</ref>
|
|Dhammawatinagara
|Raja Sudheva dan Anopama
|sonaka
|seorang tapaso di Himalaya
|-
!13
|[[Padumuttara Buddha|Padumuttara]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/pa/padumuttara.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Padumuttara]</ref>
|{{IAST|Kshatriya}}
|Hansawatinagara
|Anurula dan Sujata
|salala
|Jatilo an ascetic
|-
!14
|[[Sumedha Buddha|Sumedha]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/s/sumedha.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Sumedha]</ref>
|{{IAST|Kshatriya}}
|Sudasananagara
|Sumedha (ayah) dan Sumedha (ibu)
|nipa
|Penduduk asli dari Uttaro
|-
!15
|[[Sujāta Buddha|Sujāta]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/s/sujaata.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Sujāta]</ref>
|
|Sumangalanagara
|Uggata dan Pabbavati
|welu
|seorang chakravarti
|-
!16
|[[Piyadassi Buddha|Piyadassi]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/pu/piyadassii.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Piyadassi]</ref>
|
|Sudannanagara
|Sudata dan Subaddha
|kakudha
|Kassapa, seorang Brahmin (di Siriwattanagara)
|-
!17
|[[Atthadassi Buddha|Atthadassi]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/ay/atthadassii.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Atthadassi]</ref>
|{{IAST|Kshatriya}}
|Sonanagara
|Sagara dan Sudassana
|champa
|Susino, seorang Brahman
|-
!18
|[[Dhammadassī Buddha|Dhammadassī]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/d/dhammadassii.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Dhammadassī]</ref>
|{{IAST|Kshatriya}}
|Surananagara
|Suranamaha dan Sunanada
|bimbajala
|Indra, pemimpin para dewa
|-
!19
|[[Buddha Siddharttha|Siddharttha]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/s/siddhattha.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Siddhattha]</ref>
|
|Vibharanagara
|Udeni dan Suphasa
|kanihani
|Mangal, seorang Brahman
|-
!20
|[[Tissa Buddha|Tissa]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/t/tissa.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Tissa]</ref>
|
|Khemanagara
|Janasando dan Paduma
|assana
|Raja Sujata dari Yasawatinagara
|-
!21
|[[Phussa Buddha|Phussa]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/pu/phussa.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Phussa]</ref>
|{{IAST|Kshatriya}}
|Kasi
|Jayasena dan Siremaya
|amalaka
|Vijitavi
|-
!22
|[[Vipassī Buddha|Vipassī]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/vy/vipassii.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Vipassī]</ref>
|{{IAST|Kshatriya}}
|Bandhuvatinagara
|Vipassi (ayah) dan Vipassi (ibu)
|patali
|Raja Atula
|-
!23
|[[Sikhī Buddha|Sikhī]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/s/sikhii.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Sikhī]</ref>
|{{IAST|Kshatriya}}
|Arunavattinagara
|Arunavatti dan Paphavatti
|pundariko
|Arindamo (di Paribhuttanagara)
|-
!24
|[[Buddha Vessabhū|Vessabhū]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/vy/vessabhuu.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Vessabhū]</ref>
|{{IAST|Kshatriya}}
|Anupamanagara
|Suppalittha dan Yashavati
|sala
|Sadassana (di Sarabhavatinagara)
|-
!25
|[[Buddha Kakusandha|Kakusandha]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/ka/kakusandha.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Kakusandha]</ref>
|{{IAST|Brahmin}}
|Khemavatinagara
|Agidatta, Brahman purohitta dari raja Khema dan Visakha
|airisa
|Raja Khema<ref name=jatakaonline/>
|-
!26
|[[Koṇāgamana Buddha|Koṇāgamana]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/ku/konaagamana.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Koṇāgamana]</ref>
|{{IAST|Brahmin}}<ref name=Barua2008/>
|Sobhavatinagara
|Yannadatta the Brahman dan Uttara
|udumbara
|Raja Pabbata dari daerah pegunungan di Mithila
|-
!27
|[[Kassapa Buddha|Kassapa]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/ka/kassapa.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Kassapa]</ref>
|{{IAST|Brahmin}}
|Baranasinagara
|Brahmadatta, seorang Brahman dan Dhanavati
|nigroda
|Jotipala (di Vappulla)
|-
!28
|[[Gautama Buddha|Gautama]]<ref>Vipassana.info, [http://www.vipassana.info/g/gotama.htm Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Gotama]</ref>
|Kshatriya
|[[Kapilavastu]]
|[[Śuddhodana|Raja Suddhodana]] dan [[Mahamaya]]
|[[pohon Bodhi]] (Ficus religiosa)
|
|}

== Lihat pula ==
* [[Buddhavamsa]]
* [[Lima Buddha Kebijaksanaan]]
* [[Daftar Bodhisattva]]

== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|2|refs=
<ref name=Barua2008>{{cite book|last=Barua|first=A|title=Dīgha-Nikāya: romanize Pāli text with English translation|edition=1st|volume=2|chapter=|page=6|publisher=New Bharatiya Book Corporation|location=Delhi, India|year=2008|isbn=81-8315-096-9|url=}}</ref>

<ref name=BealChIII>[[#refBeal1875|Beal (1875)]], Beal S, ''Chapter III: Exciting to religious sentiment'', pp. 10-17</ref>

<ref name=Davids1878>{{cite book|last=Davids|first=TWR|last2=Davids|first2=R|authorlink=Thomas William Rhys Davids|title=Buddhist birth-stories; Jataka tales. The commentarial introduction entitled Nidana-Katha; the story of the lineage|chapter=The successive bodhisats in the times of the previous Buddhas|pages=115–44|publisher=George Routledge & Sons|location=London|year=1878|url=http://archive.org/stream/buddhistbirth00daviuoft#page/n132/mode/1up}}</ref>

<ref name=Ghosh1987>{{cite journal|last=Ghosh|first=B|title=Buddha Dīpankara: twentyfourth predecessor of Gautama|journal=Bulletin of Tibetology|volume=11 (new series)|issue=2|pages=33–8|year=1987|issn=0525-1516|url=http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/bot/pdf/bot_1987_02_03.pdf}}</ref>

<ref name=jatakaonline>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jatakaonline.com/jataka-tales/00110-prophecies-of-kakusandha-buddha-konagamana-buddha-and-kassapa-buddha |title=Prophecies of Kakusandha Buddha, Konagamana Buddha and Kassapa Buddha |access-date=2014-08-01 |archive-date=2011-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713091317/http://www.jatakaonline.com/jataka-tales/00110-prophecies-of-kakusandha-buddha-konagamana-buddha-and-kassapa-buddha |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

<ref name=Malalasekera319>[[#refMalalasekera2007|Malalasekera (2007)]], Malalasekera GP, ''Bodhirukka'', p. 319</ref>
<ref name=Malalasekera294>[[#refMalalasekera2007|Malalasekera (2007)]], Malalasekera GP, ''Buddha'', pp. 294-305</ref>
<!-- <ref name=Buddhavamsa1882>{{cite book|editor-last=Morris|editor-first=R|editor-link=Richard Morris (philology)|title=The Buddhavamsa|chapter=XXVII: List of the Buddhas|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.283044/page/n85 66]–7|publisher=Pali Text Society|location=London|year=1882|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.283044}}</ref>
<ref name=Cunningham1880>{{cite book|last=Cunningham|first=A|authorlink=Alexander Cunningham|title=Report of Tours in the Gangetic Provinces from Badaon to Bihar, in 1875-76 and 1877-78|chapter=XVIII: Tandwa|pages=70–8|publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing|location=Calcutta, India|year=1880|url=http://archive.org/stream/reporttoursinga00cunngoog#page/n80/mode/1up}}</ref>
<ref name=Huntington>{{cite web|author=|title=Life of the Buddha: Dīpankara's Prediction of Enlightenment|work=|publisher=The Huntington Archive - The Ohio State University|location=|year=|url=http://huntingtonarchive.osu.edu/studypages/internal/dl/SouthAsia/Buddhist/pgs/u5/DL0208m.htm|accessdate=2012-09-06}}</ref> -->
}}

== Pranala luar ==
* Vipassana.info: [http://www.vipassana.info/dic_idx.html Pali Proper Names Dictionary]
* <span id="refBeal1875" class="citation">{{cite book|last=Beal|first=S|authorlink=Samuel Beal|title=The romantic legend of Sâkya Buddha: from the Chinese-Sanscrit|publisher=Trubner & Company, Ludgate Hill|location=London|year=1875|url=http://archive.org/stream/cu31924023164209#page/n5/mode/2up}}</span>
* <span id="refMalalasekera2007" class="citation">{{cite book|last=Malalasekera|first=GP|authorlink=Gunapala Piyasena Malalasekera|title=Dictionary of Pāli proper names|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited|location=Delhi, India|year=2007|isbn=978-81-208-3020-2|url=http://books.google.com/?id=8Au_lIP1ZnQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Gunapala+Piyasena+Malalasekera%22#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</span>
{{Topik Buddhisme}}

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Revisi per 8 Februari 2024 04.47

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