Arthgal ap Dyfnwal: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan

Sebaris

Revisi terkini sejak 9 Februari 2024 23.30

Gelar Arthgal seperti yang muncul pada folio 25v dari Perpustakaan Oxford Bodleian Rawlinson B 489 (Tawarikh Ulster).^[1]

Arthgal ap Dyfnwal (wafat 872) merupakan Raja Strathclyde pada abad kesembilan.^{[note 1]} Dia berasal dari keturunan penguasa Britania Kerajaan Strathclyde. Entah dia atau ayahandanya, Dyfnwal ap Rhydderch, Raja Strathclyde, diduga pernah bertakhta ketika suku Briton tercatat telah membakar situs gerejawi Pict di Dunblane pada 849.

Catatan

^ Since the 1990s, academics have accorded Arthgal various names in English secondary sources: Artgal,^[2] Arthal,^[3] and Arthgal.^[4] Since the 1990s, academics have accorded Arthgal various patronyms in English secondary sources: Arthal ap Dyfnwal,^[5] Arthgal ap Dyfnwal,^[6] Arthgal map Dumnagual,^[7] and Arthgal map Dyfnwal.^[8] Arthgal's name—Artgal (Old Irish), Arthgal (Old Welsh), Arthal (Middle Welsh)—is possibly derived from the Old Celtic Artogalno-, a personal name meaning "having the vigour of a bear", "vigorous like a bear".^[9] As such, Artgal can be taken to mean "one who is fierce or valorous as a bear".^[10]

Kutipan

Referensi

Sumber pertama

Anderson, AO, ed. (1908). Scottish Annals From English Chroniclers, A.D. 500 to 1286. London: David Nutt. OL 7115802M.
Anderson, AO, ed. (1922). Early Sources of Scottish History, A.D. 500 to 1286. 1. London: Oliver and Boyd. OL 14712679M.
Anderson, AO (1930). "The Prophecy of Berchan". Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie. 18 (1): 1–56. doi:10.1515/zcph.1930.18.1.1.
Arnold, T, ed. (1885). Symeonis Monachi Opera Omnia. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. 2. London: Longmans & Co.
"Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 489". Early Manuscripts at Oxford University. Oxford Digital Library. n.d. Diakses tanggal 19 February 2017.
"Book of Leinster, Formerly Lebar na Núachongbála". Corpus of Electronic Texts (edisi ke-14 February 2012). University College Cork. 2012. Diakses tanggal 14 February 2017.
Charles-Edwards, T, ed. (2006). The Chronicle of Ireland. Translated Texts for Historians. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. ISBN 978-0-85323-959-8.
"Chronicon Scotorum". Corpus of Electronic Texts (edisi ke-24 March 2010). University College Cork. 2010. Diakses tanggal 12 February 2017.
"Chronicon Scotorum". Corpus of Electronic Texts (edisi ke-14 May 2012). University College Cork. 2012. Diakses tanggal 12 February 2017.
De Simon, B, ed. (1909). "Annales Xantenses et Annales Vedastini". Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum in Usum Scholarum Ex Monumentis Germaniae Historicus Recusi. Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum in Usum Scholarum Separatim Editi. Hanover: Hahn. ISSN 0343-0820. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
"Fragmentary Annals of Ireland". Corpus of Electronic Texts (edisi ke-5 September 2008). University College Cork. 2008. Diakses tanggal 1 October 2015.
"Fragmentary Annals of Ireland". Corpus of Electronic Texts (edisi ke-21 March 2010). University College Cork. 2010. Diakses tanggal 1 October 2015.
Gough-Cooper, HW, ed. (2015a). Annales Cambriae: The A Text From British Library, Harley MS 3859, ff. 190r–193r (PDF) (edisi ke-November 2015) – via Welsh Chronicles Research Group.
Gough-Cooper, HW, ed. (2015b). Annales Cambriae: The B Text From London, National Archives, MS E164/1, pp. 2–26 (PDF) (edisi ke-September 2015) – via Welsh Chronicles Research Group.
Howlett, D (2000). Caledonian Craftmanship: The Scottish Latin Tradition. Dublin: Four Courts Press. ISBN 1-85182-455-3.
Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159.
Hudson, BT (1998). "The Scottish Chronicle". Scottish Historical Review. 77 (2): 129–161. doi:10.3366/shr.1998.77.2.129. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. JSTOR 25530832.
Jones, O; Williams, E; Pughe, WO, ed. (1870). The Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales. Denbigh: Thomas Gee. OL 6930827M.
Lat. 4126. n.d.
Phillimore, E (1888). "The Annales Cambriæ and Old-Welsh Genealogies From Harleian MS 3859". Y Cymmrodor. 9: 141–183.
Rhŷs, J; Evans, JG, ed. (1890). The Text of the Bruts From the Red Book of Hergest. Oxford. OL 19845420M.
Skene, WF, ed. (1867). Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots, and Other Early Memorials of Scottish History. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House. OL 23286818M.
Stevenson, J, ed. (1855). The Church Historians of England. 3, pt. 2. London: Seeleys. OL 7055940M.
"The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (edisi ke-29 August 2008). University College Cork. 2008. Diakses tanggal 12 February 2017.
"The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (edisi ke-6 January 2017). University College Cork. 2017. Diakses tanggal 12 February 2017.
Williams Ab Ithel, J, ed. (1860). Brut y Tywysigion; or, The Chronicle of the Princes. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts. OL 24776516M.
Woolf, A (1998). "Pictish Matriliny Reconsidered". The Innes Review. 49 (2): 147–167. doi:10.3366/inr.1998.49.2.147. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X.

Sumber kedua

Alcock, L (1975–1976). "A Multi-Disciplinary Chronology for Alt Clut, Castle Rock, Dumbarton" (PDF). Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 107: 103–113. eISSN 2056-743X. ISSN 0081-1564.
Anderson, MO (2004). "Kenneth I (d. 858)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (edisi ke-online). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/7795. Diakses tanggal 5 July 2011. berlangganan atau keanggotan Perpustakaan Umum Britania Raya diperlukan
Bartrum, PC (2009) [1993]. A Welsh Classical Dictionary: People in History and Legend up to About A.D. 1000. The National Library of Wales.
Beaven, MLR (1918). "The Beginning of the Year in the Alfredian Chronicle (866–87)". English Historical Review. 33 (131): 328–342. doi:10.1093/ehr/XXXIII.CXXXI.328. eISSN 1477-4534. ISSN 0013-8266. JSTOR 551018.
Brooks, NP (1979). "England in the Ninth Century: The Crucible of Defeat". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. 29: 1–20. doi:10.2307/3679110. eISSN 1474-0648. ISSN 0080-4401. JSTOR 3679110.
Broun, D (2004a). "Constantine I (d. 876)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (edisi ke-online). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/6114. Diakses tanggal 13 June 2016. berlangganan atau keanggotan Perpustakaan Umum Britania Raya diperlukan
Broun, D (2004b). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X.
Broun, D (2007). Scottish Independence and the Idea of Britain: From the Picts to Alexander III. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2360-0.
Calise, JMP (2002). Pictish Sourcebook: Documents of Medieval Legend and Dark Age History. Documentary Reference Collections. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-32295-3.
Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2.
Clancy, TO (2006a). "Cusantín mac Cinaeda (Constantine I of Scotland)". Dalam Koch, JT. Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. hlm. 523. ISBN 1-85109-445-8.
Clancy, TO (2006b). "Eochaid son of Rhun". Dalam Koch, JT. Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. hlm. 704–705. ISBN 1-85109-445-8.
Clancy, TO (2006c). "Ystrad Clud". Dalam Koch, JT. Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. 5. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. hlm. 1818–1821. ISBN 1-85109-445-8.
Clancy, TO (2009). "The Cults of Saints Patrick and Palladius in Early Medieval Scotland". Dalam Boardman, S; Davies, JR; Williamson, E. Saints' Cults in the Celtic World. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. hlm. 18–41. ISBN 978-1-84383-432-8. ISSN 0261-9865.
Clancy, TO (2017). "The Etymologies of Pluscarden and Stirling" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 11: 1–20. ISSN 2054-9385. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2018-12-02. Diakses tanggal 2021-05-22.
Clarkson, T (2010). The Men of the North: The Britons and Southern Scotland (EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 978-1-907909-02-3.
Clarkson, T (2012a) [2011]. The Makers of Scotland: Picts, Romans, Gaels and Vikings (EPUB). Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited. ISBN 978-1-907909-01-6.
Clarkson, T (2012b) [2008]. The Picts: A History (EPUB). Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited. ISBN 978-1-907909-03-0.
Clarkson, T (2014). Strathclyde and the Anglo-Saxons in the Viking Age (EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 978-1-907909-25-2.
Costambeys, M (2004). "Ívarr (d. 873)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (edisi ke-online). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/49261. Diakses tanggal 5 July 2011. berlangganan atau keanggotan Perpustakaan Umum Britania Raya diperlukan
Cowan, EJ (1981). "The Scottish Chronicle in the Poppleton Manuscript". The Innes Review. 32 (1): 3–21. doi:10.3366/inr.1981.32.1.3. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X.
Crawford, BE (1997) [1987]. Scandinavian Scotland. Scotland in the Early Middle Ages. Leicester: Leicester University Press. ISBN 0-7185-1197-2.
Crawford, BE (2000). "The Scandinavian Contribution to the Development of the Kingdom of Scotland". Acta Archaeologica. 71 (1): 123–134. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0390.2000.d01-10.x. eISSN 1600-0390. ISSN 0065-101X.
Crawford, BE (2014). "The Kingdom of Man and the Earldom of Orkney—Some Comparisons". Dalam Sigurðsson, JV; Bolton, T. Celtic-Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages, 800–1200. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. hlm. 65–80. ISBN 978-90-04-25512-8. ISSN 1569-1462.
Davidson, MR (2002). Submission and Imperium in the Early Medieval Insular World (Tesis PhD). University of Edinburgh.
Davies, JR (2009). "Bishop Kentigern Among the Britons". Dalam Boardman, S; Davies, JR; Williamson, E. Saints' Cults in the Celtic World. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. hlm. 66–90. ISBN 978-1-84383-432-8. ISSN 0261-9865.
Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0.
Downham, C (2011). "Viking Identities in Ireland: It's not all Black and White". Dalam Duffy, S. Medieval Dublin. 11. Dublin: Four Courts Press. hlm. 185–201.
Downham, C (2013). "Annals, Armies, and Artistry: 'The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle', 865–96". No Horns on Their Helmets? Essays on the Insular Viking-Age. Celtic, Anglo-Saxon, and Scandinavian Studies. Aberdeen: Centre for Anglo-Saxon Studies and The Centre for Celtic Studies, University of Aberdeen. hlm. 9–37. ISBN 978-0-9557720-1-6. ISSN 2051-6509.
Downham, C (2018). Medieval Ireland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781139381598. ISBN 978-1-107-03131-9. LCCN 2017034607.
Driscoll, S (2006). "Govan". Dalam Koch, JT. Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. 3. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. hlm. 839–841. ISBN 1-85109-445-8.
Driscoll, ST (1998a). "Church Archaeology in Glasgow and the Kingdom of Strathclyde". The Innes Review. 49 (2): 95–114. doi:10.3366/inr.1998.49.2.95. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X.
Driscoll, ST (1998b). "Formalising the Mechanisms of State Power: Early Scottish Lordship From the Ninth to the Thirteenth Centuries". Dalam Foster, S; Macinnes, A; MacInnes, R. Scottish Power Centres: From the Early Middle Ages to the Twentieth Century. University of Glasgow Postgraduate School of Scottish Studies. Glasgow: Cruithne Press. hlm. 32–58. ISBN 1-873448-09-0.
Driscoll, ST (2001a). "Dumbarton". Dalam Lynch, M. The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 180. ISBN 0-19-211696-7.
Driscoll, ST (2001b). "Govan". Dalam Lynch, M. The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 274–275. ISBN 0-19-211696-7.
Driscoll, ST (2003). "Govan: An Early Medieval Royal Centre on the Clyde". Dalam Breeze, DJ; Clancy, TO; Welander, R. The Stone of Destiny: Artefact and Icon. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Monograph Series. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. hlm. 77–83. ISBN 0903903229.
Driscoll, ST (2014). "The Govan Stones Revealed". History Scotland. 14 (1): 36–37. ISSN 1475-5270.
Driscoll, ST (2015). "In Search of the Northern Britons in the Early Historic Era (AD 400–1100)". Essays on the Local History and Archaeology of West Central Scotland. Resource Assessment of Local History and Archaeology in West Central Scotland. Glasgow: Glasgow Museums. hlm. 1–15.
Dumville, DN (1999) [1993]. "Coroticus". Dalam Dumville, DN. Saint Patrick, A.D. 493–1993. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. hlm. 107–115. ISBN 978-0-85115-733-7.
Duncan, AAM (1996) [1975]. Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom. The Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Mercat Press. ISBN 0-901824-83-6.
Durkan, J (1998). "Cadder and Environs, and the Development of the Church in Glasgow in the Twelfth Century". The Innes Review. 49 (2): 127–142. doi:10.3366/inr.1998.49.2.127. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X.
Edmonds, F (2014). "The Emergence and Transformation of Medieval Cumbria". Scottish Historical Review. 93 (2): 195–216. doi:10.3366/shr.2014.0216. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241.
Edmonds, F (2015). "The Expansion of the Kingdom of Strathclyde". Early Medieval Europe. 23 (1): 43–66. doi:10.1111/emed.12087. eISSN 1468-0254.
Evans, NJ (2015). "Cultural Contacts and Ethnic Origins in Viking Age Wales and Northern Britain: The Case of Albanus, Britain's First Inhabitant and Scottish Ancestor". Journal of Medieval History. 41 (2): 131–154. doi:10.1080/03044181.2015.1030438. eISSN 1873-1279. ISSN 0304-4181.
Ewart, G; Pringle, D; Caldwell, D; Campbell, E; Driscoll, S; Forsyth, K; Gallagher, D; Holden, T; Hunter, F; Sanderson, D; Thoms, J (2004). "Dundonald Castle Excavations, 1986–93". Scottish Archaeological Journal. 26 (1–2): i–x, 1–166. eISSN 1766-2028. ISSN 1471-5767. JSTOR 27917525.
Foley, A (2017). "Strathclyde". Dalam Echard, S; Rouse, R. The Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature in Britain. John Wiley & Sons. hlm. 1. doi:10.1002/9781118396957.wbemlb665. ISBN 9781118396957.
Forsyth, K (2005). "Origins: Scotland to 1100". Dalam Wormald, J. Scotland: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 9–37. ISBN 0-19-820615-1. OL 7397531M.
Forte, A; Oram, RD; Pedersen, F (2005). Viking Empires. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-82992-2.
Fraser, JE (2012). "Warfare in Northern Britain, c. 500–1093". Dalam Spiers, EM; Crang, JA; Strickland, MJ. A Military History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. hlm. 65–93. ISBN 978-0-7486-3204-6.
Gigov, J (2011). Contextualizing the Vikings in Anglo-Saxon History and Literature (Tesis MA). Charles University. https://is.cuni.cz/webapps/zzp/detail/109066/?lang=en.
Guy, B (2016). "The Textual History of the Harleian Genealogies". The Welsh History Review. 28 (1): 1–25. doi:10.16922/whr.28.1.1. eISSN 0083-792X. ISSN 0043-2431.
Hadley, D (2009). "Viking Raids and Conquest". Dalam Stafford, P. A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland, c.500–c.1100. Blackwell Companions to British History. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing. hlm. 195–211. ISBN 978-1-405-10628-3.
Hicks, DA (2003). Language, History and Onomastics in Medieval Cumbria: An Analysis of the Generative Usage of the Cumbric Habitative Generics Cair and Tref (Tesis PhD). University of Edinburgh.
Holm, P (1986). "The Slave Trade of Dublin, Ninth to Twelfth Centuries". Peritia. 5: 317–345. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.139. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592.
Hudson, B (2014). The Picts. The Peoples of Europe. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-8678-0.
Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159 – via Questia.
Hudson, BT (2002). "The Scottish Gaze". Dalam McDonald, R. History, Literature, and Music in Scotland, 700–1560. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. hlm. 29–59. ISBN 0-8020-3601-5.
Jaski, B (1995). "The Vikings and the Kingship of Tara". Peritia. 9: 310–353. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.254. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592.
Jorgensen, T (2017). The Scandinavian Trade Network in the Early Viking Age: Kaupang and Dublin in Context (Tesis MA). University of Oslo.
Kelly, E; Maas, J (1999). "The Vikings and the Kingdom of Laois". Dalam Lane, PG; Nolan, W. Laois, History & Society: Interdisciplinary Essays on the History of an Irish County. Dublin: Geography Publications. hlm. 123–159. ISBN 0-906602-46-7.
Keynes, S (2001) [1997]. "The Vikings in England, c.790–106". Dalam Sawyer, P. The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 48–82. ISBN 0-19-285434-8.
Keynes, S; Lapidge, M, ed. (2004) [1983]. Alfred the Great: Asser's Life of King Alfred and Other Contemporary Sources (EPUB). London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-141-90942-4.
Lathe, R; Smith, D (2015). "Holocene Relative Sea-Level Changes in Western Scotland: The Early Insular Situation of Dun Add (Kintyre) and Dumbarton Rock (Strathclyde)". The Heroic Age: A Journal of Early Medieval Northwestern Europe. 16. ISSN 1526-1867.
Macquarrie, A (1986). "The Career of Saint Kentigern of Glasgow: Vitae, Lectiones and Glimpses of Fact". The Innes Review. 37 (1): 3–24. doi:10.3366/inr.1986.37.1.3. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X.
Macquarrie, A (1990). "Early Christian Govan: The Historical Context". Records of the Scottish Church History Society. 24 (1): 1–17.
Macquarrie, A (1994). "St Columba and his lay Contemporaries in Scotland and Ireland". Records of the Scottish Church History Society. 25 (2): 188–203.
Macquarrie, A (1998) [1993]. "The Kings of Strathclyde, c. 400–1018". Dalam Grant, A; Stringer, KJ. Medieval Scotland: Crown, Lordship and Community. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. hlm. 1–19. ISBN 0-7486-1110-X.
McLeod, S (2015). "The Dubh Gall in Southern Scotland: The Politics of Northumbria, Dublin, and the Community of St Cuthbert in the Viking Age, c. 870–950 CE". Limina: A Journal of Historical and Cultural Studies. 20 (3): 83–103. ISSN 1833-3419.
McLeod, SH (2011). Migration and Acculturation: The Impact of the Norse on Eastern England, c. 865–900 (Tesis PhD). University of Western Australia. http://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/migration-and-acculturation-the-impact-of-the-norse-on-eastern-england-c-865900(8c7090bf-6e81-41c3-a4c1-e4eaa7e9c32d).html.
McNiven, P (2014). "Place-Names and the Medieval Church in Menteith" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 8: 51–92. ISSN 2054-9385. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2021-10-22. Diakses tanggal 2021-05-22.
McTurk, R (2006). "Kings and Kingship in Viking Northumbria" (PDF). Dalam McKinnell, J; Ashurst, D; Kick, D. The Fantastic in Old Norse/Icelandic Literature: Preprint Papers of the 13th International Saga Conference, Durham and York 6th–12th August 2006. 1. Durham: Centre for Medieval and Renaissance Studies. hlm. 681–688.
McTurk, R (2015) [1991]. Studies in Ragnars Saga Loðbrókar and its Major Scandinavian Analogues. Medium Ævum Monographs. Oxford: The Society for the Study of Mediæval Languages and Literature. ISBN 978-0-907570-08-0.
McTurk, RW (1976). "Ragnarr Loðbrók in the Irish Annals?". Dalam Almqvist, B; Greene, D. Proceedings of the Seventh Viking Congress: Dublin 15–21 August 1973. Viking Society for Northern Research. hlm. 93–123.
Oram, RD (2008). "Royal and Lordly Residence in Scotland c 1050 to c 1250: An Historiographical Review and Critical Revision". The Antiquaries Journal. 88: 165–189. doi:10.1017/S0003581500001372. eISSN 1758-5309. hdl:1893/2122 . ISSN 0003-5815.
Oram, RD (2011) [2001]. The Kings & Queens of Scotland. Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-7099-3.
Ó Corráin, D (1979). "High-Kings, Vikings and Other Kings". Irish Historical Studies. 21 (83): 283–323. doi:10.1017/S002112140011315X. eISSN 2056-4139. ISSN 0021-1214. JSTOR 30008285.
Ó Corráin, D (1998a). "The Vikings in Scotland and Ireland in the Ninth Century". Chronicon: An Electric History Journal. 2. ISSN 1393-5259.
Ó Corráin, D (1998b). "The Vikings in Scotland and Ireland in the Ninth Century". Peritia. 12: 296–339. doi:10.1484/j.peri.3.334. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592.
Ó Corráin, D (2001b). Larsen, A-C, ed. The Vikings in Ireland. Roskilde: The Viking Ship Museum. hlm. 17–27. ISBN 87-85180-42-4.
Ó Corráin, D (2006) [1995]. "Ireland, Scotland and Wales, c.700 to the Early Eleventh Century". Dalam McKitterick, R. The New Cambridge Medieval History. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 43–63. ISBN 978-0-521-36292-4.
Ó Corráin, D (2008). "The Vikings and Ireland". Dalam Brink, S; Price, N. The Viking World. Routledge Worlds. Milton Park, Abingdon: Routledge. hlm. 428–433. ISBN 978-0-203-41277-0.
Ó Corráin, D; Maguire, F (1981). Gaelic Personal Names. Dublin: Academy Press. ISBN 0-906187-39-7.
Ó Murchadha, D (1992–1993). "Nationality Names in the Irish Annals" (PDF). Nomina. 16: 49–70. ISSN 0141-6340.
Pelteret, D (1980). "Slave Raiding and Slave Trading in Early England". Anglo-Saxon England. 9: 99–114. doi:10.1017/S0263675100001125. eISSN 1474-0532. ISSN 0263-6751.
Renwick, R; Lindsay, J (1921). History of Glasgow. 1. Glasgow: Maclehose, Jackson & Co. OL 7092809M.
Sawyer, P (2001) [1997]. "The Age of the Vikings and Before". Dalam Sawyer, P. The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 1–18. ISBN 0-19-285434-8.
Sheehan, J (2008). "The Longphort in Viking Age Ireland". Acta Archaeologica. 79 (1): 282–295. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0390.2008.00120.x. eISSN 1600-0390. ISSN 0065-101X.
Smyth, AP (1989) [1984]. Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland, AD 80–1000. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-0100-7.
Stenton, F (1963). Anglo-Saxon England. The Oxford History of England (edisi ke-2nd). Oxford: The Clarendon Press. OL 24592559M.
Valante, MA (1998–1999). "Taxation, Tolls and Tribute: The Language of Economics and Trade in Viking-Age Ireland". Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium. 18–19: 242–258. ISSN 1545-0155. JSTOR 20557344.
Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241.
Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4.
Whitelock, D (1969). "Fact and Fiction in the Legend of St. Edmund" (PDF). Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archæology. 31 (3): 217–233.
Williams, A; Smyth, AP; Kirby, DP (1991). A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Britain: England, Scotland and Wales, c.500–c.1050. London: Seaby. ISBN 1-85264-047-2.
Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8.
Woolf, A (2010). "Reporting Scotland in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle". Dalam Jorgensen, A. Reading the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Language, Literature, History. Studies in the Early Middle Ages. 23. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers. hlm. 221–239. doi:10.1484/M.SEM-EB.3.4457. ISBN 978-2-503-52394-1.
Yorke, B (2009). "Britain and Ireland, c.500". Dalam Stafford, P. A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland, c.500–c.1100. Blackwell Companions to British History. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing. hlm. 41–56. ISBN 978-1-405-10628-3.
Zimmer, S (2009). "The Name of Arthur — A New Etymology". Journal of Celtic Linguistics. 3: 131–136. eISSN 2058-5063. ISSN 0962-1377.

Media tentang Arthgal ap Dyfnwal di Wikimedia Commons

[11] Since the 1990s, academics have accorded Arthgal various names in English secondary sources: Artgal,^[2] Arthal,^[3] and Arthgal.^[4] Since the 1990s, academics have accorded Arthgal various patronyms in English secondary sources: Arthal ap Dyfnwal,^[5] Arthgal ap Dyfnwal,^[6] Arthgal map Dumnagual,^[7] and Arthgal map Dyfnwal.^[8] Arthgal's name—Artgal (Old Irish), Arthgal (Old Welsh), Arthal (Middle Welsh)—is possibly derived from the Old Celtic Artogalno-, a personal name meaning "having the vigour of a bear", "vigorous like a bear".^[9] As such, Artgal can be taken to mean "one who is fierce or valorous as a bear".^[10]

[1] The Annals of Ulster (2017) § 872.5; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 872.5; Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 489 (n.d.).

[2] Evans (2015); Clarkson (2014); Woolf (2010); Woolf (2007); Calise (2002); Ó Corráin (1998a); Ó Corráin (1998b); Williams; Smyth; Kirby (1991).

[3] Charles-Edwards (2013); Downham (2007); Dumville (1999).

[4] Edmonds (2015); Edmonds (2014); Hudson, B (2014); Walker (2013); Clarkson (2012a); Clarkson (2012b); Oram (2011); Clarkson (2010); Clancy (2009); Woolf (2007); Clancy (2006a); Clancy (2006b); Clancy (2006c); Broun (2004a); Broun (2004b); Hicks (2003); Hudson, BT (2002); Hudson, BT (1998); Macquarrie (1998); Hudson, BT (1994).

[5] Charles-Edwards (2013).

[6] Clarkson (2010); Bartrum (2009).

[7] Clancy (2006a).

[8] Macquarrie (1990).

[9] Zimmer (2009) p. 133.

[10] Ó Corráin; Maguire (1981) pp. 24–25.

[1]

[note 1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

@@ Baris 20: / Baris 20: @@
 *{{cite web |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100016/index.html |title=Chronicon Scotorum |year=2010 |website=Corpus of Electronic Texts |edition=24 March 2010 |publisher=University College Cork |access-date=12 February 2017 |ref=C1 }}
 *{{cite web |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100016/index.html |title=Chronicon Scotorum |year=2012 |website=Corpus of Electronic Texts |edition=14 May 2012 |publisher=University College Cork |access-date=12 February 2017 |ref=C2 }}
-*{{cite journal |editor-last=De Simon |editor-first=B |year=1909 |title=Annales Xantenses et Annales Vedastini |journal=Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum in Usum Scholarum Ex Monumentis Germaniae Historicus Recusi |url=https://opacplus.bsb-muenchen.de/search?oclcno=163359932&db=100 |series=[[Monumenta Germaniae Historica]]: Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum in Usum Scholarum Separatim Editi |publisher=Hahn |location=Hanover |issn=0343-0820 |ref=D15 }}
+*{{cite journal |editor-last=De Simon |editor-first=B |year=1909 |title=Annales Xantenses et Annales Vedastini |journal=Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum in Usum Scholarum Ex Monumentis Germaniae Historicus Recusi |url=https://opacplus.bsb-muenchen.de/search?oclcno=163359932&db=100 |series=[[Monumenta Germaniae Historica]]: Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum in Usum Scholarum Separatim Editi |publisher=Hahn |location=Hanover |issn=0343-0820 |ref=D15 }}{{Pranala mati|date=Juni 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
 *{{cite web |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100017/index.html |title=Fragmentary Annals of Ireland |year=2008 |website=Corpus of Electronic Texts |edition=5 September 2008 |publisher=University College Cork |access-date=1 October 2015 |ref=F2 }}
 *{{cite web |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100017/index.html |title=Fragmentary Annals of Ireland |year=2010 |website=Corpus of Electronic Texts |edition=21 March 2010 |publisher=University College Cork |access-date=1 October 2015 |ref=F3 }}
 *{{cite book |editor-last=Gough-Cooper |editor-first=HW |year=2015a |title=Annales Cambriae: The A Text From British Library, Harley MS 3859, ff. 190r–193r |edition=November 2015 |url=http://croniclau.bangor.ac.uk/documents/AC_A_first_edition.pdf |via=Welsh Chronicles Research Group |ref=G2 }}
 *{{cite book |editor-last=Gough-Cooper |editor-first=HW |year=2015b |title=Annales Cambriae: The B Text From London, National Archives, MS E164/1, pp. 2–26 |edition=September 2015 |url=http://croniclau.bangor.ac.uk/documents/AC%20B%20first%20edition.pdf |via=Welsh Chronicles Research Group |ref=G1 }}
-*{{cite book |last=Howlett |first=D |year=2000 |title=Caledonian Craftmanship: The Scottish Latin Tradition |publisher=[[Four Courts Press]] |location=Dublin |isbn=1-85182-455-3 |ref=H8 }}
+*{{cite book |last=Howlett |first=D |year=2000 |title=Caledonian Craftmanship: The Scottish Latin Tradition |url=https://archive.org/details/sealedfromwithin0000howl |publisher=[[Four Courts Press]] |location=Dublin |isbn=1-85182-455-3 |ref=H8 }}
-*{{cite book |last=Hudson |first=BT |author-link=Benjamin Hudson |year=1996 |title=Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages |series=Contributions to the Study of World History |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |location=Westport, CT |isbn=0-313-29567-0 |issn=0885-9159 |ref=H4 }}
+*{{cite book |last=Hudson |first=BT |author-link=Benjamin Hudson |year=1996 |title=Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages |url=https://archive.org/details/prophecyofbercha0000huds |series=Contributions to the Study of World History |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |location=Westport, CT |isbn=0-313-29567-0 |issn=0885-9159 |ref=H4 }}
 *{{cite journal |last=Hudson |first=BT  |year=1998 |title=The Scottish Chronicle |journal=[[Scottish Historical Review]] |volume=77 |issue=2 |doi=10.3366/shr.1998.77.2.129 |issn=0036-9241 |eissn=1750-0222 |pages=129–161 |jstor=25530832 |ref=H3 }}
 *{{cite book |year=1870 |editor1-last=Jones |editor1-first=O |editor1-link=Owen Jones (antiquary) |editor2-last=Williams |editor2-first=E |editor2-link=Iolo Morganwg |editor3-last=Pughe |editor3-first=WO |editor3-link=William Owen Pughe |title=The Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales |url=https://archive.org/details/myvyrianarchaio00jone |publisher=[[Thomas Gee]] |location=Denbigh |ol=6930827M |ref=J1 }}
@@ Baris 49: / Baris 49: @@
 *{{cite ODNB |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/6114 |title=Constantine I (d. 876) |last=Broun |first=D |author-link=Dauvit Broun |year=2004a |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/6114 |accessdate=13 June 2016 |url-access=subscription |ref=B4 }}
 *{{cite journal |last=Broun |first=D |year=2004b |title=The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200 |journal=The Innes Review |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=111–180 |doi=10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111 |issn=0020-157X |eissn=1745-5219 |ref=B1 }}
-*{{cite book |last=Broun |first=D |year=2007 |title=Scottish Independence and the Idea of Britain: From the Picts to Alexander III |publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]] |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-0-7486-2360-0 |ref=B6 }}
+*{{cite book |last=Broun |first=D |year=2007 |title=Scottish Independence and the Idea of Britain: From the Picts to Alexander III |url=https://archive.org/details/scottishindepend0000brou |publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]] |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-0-7486-2360-0 |ref=B6 }}
-*{{cite book |last=Calise |first=JMP |year=2002 |title=Pictish Sourcebook: Documents of Medieval Legend and Dark Age History |series=Documentary Reference Collections |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, CT |isbn=0-313-32295-3 |ref=C16 }}
+*{{cite book |last=Calise |first=JMP |year=2002 |title=Pictish Sourcebook: Documents of Medieval Legend and Dark Age History |url=https://archive.org/details/pictishsourceboo0000unse |series=Documentary Reference Collections |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, CT |isbn=0-313-32295-3 |ref=C16 }}
 *{{cite book |last=Charles-Edwards |first=TM |author-link=Thomas Charles-Edwards |year=2013 |title=Wales and the Britons, 350–1064 |url=https://archive.org/details/walesbritons35010000char |series=The History of Wales |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-821731-2 |ref=C14 }}
 *{{cite book |last=Clancy |first=TO |author-link=Thomas Owen Clancy |year=2006a |chapter=Cusantín mac Cinaeda (Constantine I of Scotland) |editor-last=Koch |editor-first=JT |editor-link=John T. Koch |title=Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia |volume=2 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=523 |isbn=1-85109-445-8 |ref=C3 }}
@@ Baris 56: / Baris 56: @@
 *{{cite book |last=Clancy |first=TO |year=2006c |chapter=Ystrad Clud |editor-last=Koch |editor-first=JT |title=Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia |volume=5 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara, CA |pages=1818–1821 |isbn=1-85109-445-8 |ref=C5 }}
 *{{cite book |last=Clancy |first=TO |year=2009 |chapter=The Cults of Saints Patrick and Palladius in Early Medieval Scotland |editor1-last=Boardman |editor1-first=S |editor1-link=Steve Boardman (historian) |editor2-last=Davies |editor2-first=JR |editor3-last=Williamson |editor3-first=E |title=Saints' Cults in the Celtic World |series=Studies in Celtic History |isbn=978-1-84383-432-8 |issn=0261-9865 |publisher=[[The Boydell Press]] |location=Woodbridge |pages=18–41 |ref=C17 }}
-*{{cite journal |last=Clancy |first=TO |year=2017 |title=The Etymologies of Pluscarden and Stirling |url=http://www.clanntuirc.co.uk/JSNS/V11/JSNS11.pdf |journal=[[The Journal of Scottish Name Studies]] |volume=11 |pages=1–20 |issn=2054-9385 |ref=C18 }}
+*{{cite journal |last=Clancy |first=TO |year=2017 |title=The Etymologies of Pluscarden and Stirling |url=http://www.clanntuirc.co.uk/JSNS/V11/JSNS11.pdf |journal=[[The Journal of Scottish Name Studies]] |volume=11 |pages=1–20 |issn=2054-9385 |ref=C18 |access-date=2021-05-22 |archive-date=2018-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202070749/http://www.clanntuirc.co.uk/JSNS/V11/JSNS11.pdf |dead-url=yes }}
-*{{cite book |last=Clarkson |first=T |year=2010 |title=The Men of the North: The Britons and Southern Scotland |publisher=[[John Donald (publisher)|John Donald]] |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-907909-02-3 |type=EPUB |ref=C12 }}
+*{{cite book |last=Clarkson |first=T |year=2010 |title=The Men of the North: The Britons and Southern Scotland |url=https://archive.org/details/menofnorthbriton0000clar |publisher=[[John Donald (publisher)|John Donald]] |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-907909-02-3 |type=EPUB |ref=C12 }}
 *{{cite book |last=Clarkson |first=T |year=2012a |orig-year=2011 |title=The Makers of Scotland: Picts, Romans, Gaels and Vikings |publisher=[[Birlinn Limited]] |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-907909-01-6 |type=EPUB |ref=C11 }}
 *{{cite book |last=Clarkson |first=T |year=2012b |orig-year=2008 |title=The Picts: A History |publisher=Birlinn Limited |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-907909-03-0 |type=EPUB |ref=C13 }}
@@ Baris 63: / Baris 63: @@
 *{{cite ODNB |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/49261 |title=Ívarr (d. 873) |last=Costambeys |first=M |year=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/49261 |accessdate=5 July 2011 |url-access=subscription |ref=C8 }}
 *{{cite journal |last=Cowan |first=EJ |author-link=Edward J. Cowan |year=1981 |title=The Scottish Chronicle in the Poppleton Manuscript |journal=The Innes Review |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=3–21 |doi=10.3366/inr.1981.32.1.3 |issn=0020-157X |eissn=1745-5219 |ref=C20 }}
-*{{cite book |last=Crawford |first=BE |year=1997 |orig-year=1987 |title=Scandinavian Scotland |series=Scotland in the Early Middle Ages |publisher=[[Leicester University Press]] |location=Leicester |isbn=0-7185-1197-2 |ref=C10 }}
+*{{cite book |last=Crawford |first=BE |year=1997 |orig-year=1987 |title=Scandinavian Scotland |url=https://archive.org/details/scandinavianscot0000craw |series=Scotland in the Early Middle Ages |publisher=[[Leicester University Press]] |location=Leicester |isbn=0-7185-1197-2 |ref=C10 }}
 *{{cite journal |last=Crawford |first=BE |year=2000 |title=The Scandinavian Contribution to the Development of the Kingdom of Scotland |journal=[[Acta Archaeologica]] |volume=71 |issue=1 |pages=123–134 |doi=10.1034/j.1600-0390.2000.d01-10.x |issn=0065-101X |eissn=1600-0390 |ref=C9 }}
 *{{cite book |last=Crawford |first=BE |year=2014 |chapter=The Kingdom of Man and the Earldom of Orkney—Some Comparisons |editor1-last=Sigurðsson |editor1-first=JV |editor2-last=Bolton |editor2-first=T |title=Celtic-Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages, 800–1200 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |location=Leiden |series=The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures |pages=65–80 |isbn=978-90-04-25512-8 |issn=1569-1462 |ref=C15 }}
@@ Baris 102: / Baris 102: @@
 *{{cite thesis |last=Jorgensen |first=T |year=2017 |title=The Scandinavian Trade Network in the Early Viking Age: Kaupang and Dublin in Context |hdl=10852/58231 |hdl-access=free |degree=MA |publisher=[[University of Oslo]] |ref=J2 }}
 *{{cite book |last1=Kelly |first1=E |last2=Maas |first2=J |year=1999 |chapter=The Vikings and the Kingdom of Laois |editor1-last=Lane |editor1-first=PG |editor2-last=Nolan |editor2-first=W |title=Laois, History & Society: Interdisciplinary Essays on the History of an Irish County |url=https://archive.org/details/laoishistorysoci0000unse |publisher=Geography Publications |location=Dublin |isbn=0-906602-46-7 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/laoishistorysoci0000unse/page/123 123]–159 |ref=K1 }}
-*{{cite book |last=Keynes |first=S |author-link=Simon Keynes |year=2001 |orig-year=1997 |chapter=The Vikings in England, c.790–106 |editor-last=Sawyer |editor-first=P |editor-link=Peter Hayes Sawyer |title=The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |pages=48–82 |isbn=0-19-285434-8 |ref=K3 }}
+*{{cite book |last=Keynes |first=S |author-link=Simon Keynes |year=2001 |orig-year=1997 |chapter=The Vikings in England, c.790–106 |editor-last=Sawyer |editor-first=P |editor-link=Peter Hayes Sawyer |title=The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordillustrate00unse |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |pages=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordillustrate00unse/page/48 48]–82 |isbn=0-19-285434-8 |ref=K3 }}
 *{{cite book |editor1-last=Keynes |editor1-first=S |editor2-last=Lapidge |editor2-first=M |editor2-link=Michael Lapidge |year=2004 |orig-year=1983 |title=Alfred the Great: Asser's Life of King Alfred and Other Contemporary Sources |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |location=London |isbn=978-0-141-90942-4 |type=EPUB |ref=K2 }}
 *{{cite journal |last1=Lathe |first1=R |last2=Smith |first2=D |year=2015 |title=Holocene Relative Sea-Level Changes in Western Scotland: The Early Insular Situation of Dun Add (Kintyre) and Dumbarton Rock (Strathclyde) |url=http://www.heroicage.org/issues/16/lathe_smith.php |journal=[[The Heroic Age: A Journal of Early Medieval Northwestern Europe]] |volume=16 |issn=1526-1867 |ref=L1 }}
@@ Baris 111: / Baris 111: @@
 *{{cite journal |last=McLeod |first=S |year=2015 |title=The Dubh Gall in Southern Scotland: The Politics of Northumbria, Dublin, and the Community of St Cuthbert in the Viking Age, c. 870–950 CE |url=http://www.limina.arts.uwa.edu.au/volumes/special-2015/mcleod |journal=Limina: A Journal of Historical and Cultural Studies |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=83–103 |issn=1833-3419 |ref=M3 }}
 *{{cite thesis |last=McLeod |first=SH |year=2011 |title=Migration and Acculturation: The Impact of the Norse on Eastern England, c. 865–900 |url=http://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/migration-and-acculturation-the-impact-of-the-norse-on-eastern-england-c-865900(8c7090bf-6e81-41c3-a4c1-e4eaa7e9c32d).html |degree=PhD |publisher=[[University of Western Australia]] |ref=M4 }}
-*{{cite journal |last=McNiven |first=P |year=2014 |title=Place-Names and the Medieval Church in Menteith |url=http://www.clanntuirc.co.uk/JSNS/V8/JSNS8.pdf |journal=The Journal of Scottish Name Studies |volume=8 |pages=51–92 |issn=2054-9385 |ref=M8 }}
+*{{cite journal |last=McNiven |first=P |year=2014 |title=Place-Names and the Medieval Church in Menteith |url=http://www.clanntuirc.co.uk/JSNS/V8/JSNS8.pdf |journal=The Journal of Scottish Name Studies |volume=8 |pages=51–92 |issn=2054-9385 |ref=M8 |access-date=2021-05-22 |archive-date=2021-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022152329/http://www.clanntuirc.co.uk/JSNS/V8/JSNS8.pdf |dead-url=yes }}
 *{{cite book |last=McTurk |first=R |author-link=Rory McTurk |year=2006 |chapter=Kings and Kingship in Viking Northumbria |chapter-url=http://sagaconference.org/SC13/SC13_McTurk.pdf |editor1-last=McKinnell |editor1-first=J |editor2-last=Ashurst |editor2-first=D |editor3-last=Kick |editor3-first=D |title=The Fantastic in Old Norse/Icelandic Literature: Preprint Papers of the 13th International Saga Conference, Durham and York 6th–12th August 2006 |volume=1 |publisher=Centre for Medieval and Renaissance Studies |location=Durham |pages=681–688 |ref=M5 }}
 *{{cite book |last=McTurk |first=R |year=2015 |orig-year=1991 |title=Studies in Ragnars Saga Loðbrókar and its Major Scandinavian Analogues |series=Medium Ævum Monographs |publisher=The Society for the Study of Mediæval Languages and Literature |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-907570-08-0 |ref=M7 }}
@@ Baris 127: / Baris 127: @@
 *{{cite journal |last=Pelteret |first=D |year=1980 |title=Slave Raiding and Slave Trading in Early England |journal=[[Anglo-Saxon England (journal)|Anglo-Saxon England]] |volume=9 |doi=10.1017/S0263675100001125 |issn=0263-6751 |eissn=1474-0532 |pages=99–114 |ref=P2 }}
 *{{cite book |last1=Renwick |first1=R |last2=Lindsay |first2=J |year=1921 |title=History of Glasgow |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofglasgow01renwuoft |volume=1 |publisher=[[Maclehose, Jackson & Co.]] |location=Glasgow |ol=7092809M |ref=R2 }}
-*{{cite book |last=Sawyer |first=P |year=2001 |orig-year=1997 |chapter=The Age of the Vikings and Before |editor-last=Sawyer |editor-first=P |title=The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |pages=1–18 |isbn=0-19-285434-8 |ref=S6 }}
+*{{cite book |last=Sawyer |first=P |year=2001 |orig-year=1997 |chapter=The Age of the Vikings and Before |editor-last=Sawyer |editor-first=P |title=The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordillustrate00unse |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |pages=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordillustrate00unse/page/1 1]–18 |isbn=0-19-285434-8 |ref=S6 }}
 *{{cite journal |last=Sheehan |first=J |year=2008 |title=The Longphort in Viking Age Ireland |journal=Acta Archaeologica |volume=79 |issue=1 |pages=282–295 |issn=0065-101X |eissn=1600-0390 |doi=10.1111/j.1600-0390.2008.00120.x |ref=S5 }}
-*{{cite book |last=Smyth |first=AP |author-link=Alfred P. Smyth |year=1989 |orig-year=1984 |title=Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland, AD 80–1000 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |location=Edinburgh |isbn=0-7486-0100-7 |ref=S4 }}
+*{{cite book |last=Smyth |first=AP |author-link=Alfred P. Smyth |year=1989 |orig-year=1984 |title=Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland, AD 80–1000 |url=https://archive.org/details/warlordsholymens0000alfr |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |location=Edinburgh |isbn=0-7486-0100-7 |ref=S4 }}
 *{{cite book |last=Stenton |first=F |author-link=Frank Stenton |year=1963 |title=Anglo-Saxon England |url=https://archive.org/details/anglosaxonenglan00sten |url-access=registration |edition=2nd |series=The Oxford History of England |publisher=[[The Clarendon Press]] |location=Oxford |ol=24592559M |ref=S3 }}
 *{{cite journal |last=Valante |first=MA |year=1998–1999 |title=Taxation, Tolls and Tribute: The Language of Economics and Trade in Viking-Age Ireland |journal=Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium |volume=18–19 |jstor=20557344 |issn=1545-0155 |pages=242–258 |ref=V1 }}