James Scullin: Perbedaan antara revisi

|birth_place = {{negara|Kerajaan Inggris}} [[Trawalla, Victoria|Trawalla]], Victoria, [[Kerajaan Inggris]]

'''James Henry Scullin''' ({{lahirmati|[[Trawalla, Victoria|Trawalla]], Victoria, [[Kerajaan Inggris]]|18|9|1876|[[Melbourne]], [[Victoria, Australia]]|28|1|1953}}), adalah politikus [[Partai Buruh Australia]] yang menjabat sebagai [[Perdana Menteri Australia]] ke-9 dari tahun 1929 sampai tahun 1932. Ia adalah anggota [[Parlemen Australia]] untuk divisi elektoral [[Divisi Yarra|Yarra]] dari tahun 1922 sampai tahun 1949. Scullin memimpin Partai Buruh hingga mengambil alih pemerintahan pada [[Pemilihan federal Australia 1929|pemilihan tahun 1929]]. [[Runtuhnya Wall Street 1929]] terjadi hanya dua hari setelah ia disumpah sebagai perdana menteri. Keruntuhan Wall Street 1929 menyebabkan [[Depresi Besar di Australia]]. Scullin sudah berada dalam posisi politik yang lemah, dan cobaan krisis ekonomi terbukti terlalu berat Scullin, ditambah perselisihan antarpribadi dan perselisihan kebijakan yang pada akhirnya menyebabkan perpecahan tiga arah di dalam partainya hingga pemerintahnya jatuh pada akhir tahun 1931. Meskipun terjadi kekacauan ketika menjabat perdana menteri, Scullin tetap menjadi tokoh terkemuka dalam gerakan Buruh sepanjang hidupnya, dan menjabat sebagai ''[[éminence grise]]'' dalam berbagai kapasitas untuk partainya hingga pensiun pada tahun 1949.

| last = Alexander

| first = Fred

| year = 1982

| title = Australia Since Federation : A Narrative and Critical Analysis

| edition = Updated

| publisher = Nelson

| location = West Melbourne, Victoria

| isbn = 978-0-17-005861-2

| ref = {{sfnRef|Alexander}}

| last = Bastian

| first = Peter

| year = 2009

| title = Andrew Fisher: An Underestimated Man

| publisher = UNSW Press

| location = Sydney, NSW

| isbn = 978-1-74223-004-7

| ref = {{sfnRef|Bastian}}

| last = Carroll

| first = Brian

| year = 2004

| title = Australia's Prime Ministers: From Barton to Howard

| edition = Revised

| publisher = Rosenberg Publishing

| location = Dural, NSW

| isbn = 978-1-877058-22-6

| ref = {{sfnRef|Carroll}}

| last = Denning

| first = Warren

| year = 1982

| title = Caucus Crisis: The Rise & Fall of the Scullin Government

| publisher = Hale & Iremonger

| location = Sydney, New South Wales

| isbn = 978-0-908094-92-9

| ref = {{sfnRef|Denning}}

| last = Maddox

| first = Graham

| contribution = Australian Labor Party

| editor-last = Starr

| editor-first = Graeme

| editor2-last = Richmond

| editor2-first = Keith

| editor3-last = Maddox

| editor3-first = Graham

| year = 1978

| title = Political Parties in Australia

| publisher = Heinemann Educational Australia

| location = Richmond, Victoria

| ref = {{sfnRef|Maddox}}

| last = Murray

| first = Robert

| year = 1970

| title = The Confident Years : Australia in the Twenties

| publisher = Allen Lane

| location = London, England

| isbn = 978-0-7139-1155-8

| ref = {{sfnRef|Murray}}

| last = Robertson

| first = John

| year = 1974

| title = J.H. Scullin: A Political Biography

| publisher = University of Western Australia Press

| location = Nedlands, Western Australia

| isbn = 978-0-85564-074-3

| ref = {{sfnRef|Robertson}}

| last = Schedvin

| first = C.B.

| year = 1989

| title = Australia and the Great Depression

| publisher = Sydney University Press

| isbn = 978-0-424-06660-8

| location = Sydney, New South Wales

| ref = {{sfnRef|Schedvin}}

| last = Shann

| first = E.O.G.

| year = 1927

| title = The Boom of 1890 – and Now

| publisher = Cornstalk

| location = Sydney, New South Wales

| ref = {{sfnRef|Shann}}

| last = Souter

| first = Gavin

| year = 1988

| title = Acts of Parliament : A Narrative History of the Senate and House of Representatives

| publisher = Melbourne University Press

| location = Carlton, Victoria

| isbn = 978-0-522-84367-5

| ref = {{sfnRef|Souter}}

*{{Citation

| first = Stephen

| last = Barber

| contribution = Federal Election Results, 1901–2010

| series = Parliamentary Library Research Papers

| year = 2011

| place = Canberra, ACT

| publisher = Department of the Parliamentary Library

| ref = {{sfnRef|Barber}}

*{{Citation

| last = Commonwealth of Australia

| place = Canberra, ACT

| title = Parliamentary Debates

| publisher = House of Representatives

| ref = {{sfnRef|Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates}}

| title = James Scullin, Prime Ministers of Australia

| publisher = [[National Archives of Australia]]

| location = Canberra, ACT

| url = http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/scullin

| accessdate = 21 Juni 2013

| ref = {{sfnRef|National Archives of Australia}}

}}

| title = Scullin, James Henry (1876–1953)

| publisher = [[Australian Dictionary of Biography]]

| location = Canberra, ACT

| url = http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/scullin-james-henry-8375

| accessdate = 21 Juni 2013

| ref = {{sfnRef|Australian Dictionary of Biography}}

}}

| title = By-Elections 1919–22

| publisher = Adam Carr's Election Database

| location = Melbourne, Victoria

| url = http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/a/australia/1919/1919repsby.txt

| accessdate = 21 Juni 2013

| ref = {{sfnRef|Adam Carr's Election Database}}

}}

| title = James Scullin: Depression Treasurer

| publisher = Treasury of Australia

| location = Canberra, ACT

| url = http://archive.treasury.gov.au/documents/1846/PDF/09_James_Scullin_depression_treasurer.pdf

| accessdate = 21 Juni 2013

| ref = {{sfnRef|Treasury of Australia}}

* {{en}} [http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/scullin/ James Scullin] di [[National Archives of Australia]]

* {{en}} [http://mildenhall.moadoph.gov.au/photos?sort_order=asc&search=scullin&from=1+Jan+1921&to=31+Dec+1935&showing=53 Foto James Scullin] dari Koleksi Mildenhall di National Archives of Australia.

* {{en}} [http://www.nma.gov.au/primeministers/james_scullin James Scullin] di [[National Museum of Australia]]

* {{en}} [http://archive.treasury.gov.au/documents/1846/PDF/09_James_Scullin_depression_treasurer.pdf Esai tentang James Scullin sebagai Bendahara] dari [[Australian Treasury]].

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