Penduduk asli Hawaii: Perbedaan antara revisi
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←Membuat halaman berisi '{{redirect|Hawaiians}} {{Redirect|Kanaka Maoli|penggunaan lain dari Kanaka|Kanaka (disambiguasi)}} {{Infobox ethnic group |group = Orang Hawaii asli<br><small>(''...' |
k Illchy memindahkan halaman Orang Hawaii asli ke Penduduk asli Hawaii Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler Suntingan seluler lanjutan |
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| (4 revisi perantara oleh 3 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
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* [[Hawaii|Periode negara bagian AS]] (1959 sampai sekarang) |
* [[Hawaii|Periode negara bagian AS]] (1959 sampai sekarang) |
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==Referensi== |
== Referensi == |
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{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} |
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} |
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==Bacaan tambahan== |
== Bacaan tambahan == |
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* Maenette K. Nee-Benham and Ronald H. Heck, Culture and Educational Policy in Hawaiʻi: The Silencing of Native Voices, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 1998 |
* Maenette K. Nee-Benham and Ronald H. Heck, Culture and Educational Policy in Hawaiʻi: The Silencing of Native Voices, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 1998 |
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* Scott Cunningham, Hawaiian Magic and Spirituality, [[Llewellyn Worldwide]], Ltd., 2000 |
* Scott Cunningham, Hawaiian Magic and Spirituality, [[Llewellyn Worldwide]], Ltd., 2000 |
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| Baris 35: | Baris 35: | ||
* Houston Wood, Displacing Natives: The Rhetorical Production of Hawaiʻi, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1999 |
* Houston Wood, Displacing Natives: The Rhetorical Production of Hawaiʻi, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1999 |
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* Kanalu G. Terry Young Rethinking the Native Hawaiian Past, Taylor & Francis, Inc., 1998 |
* Kanalu G. Terry Young Rethinking the Native Hawaiian Past, Taylor & Francis, Inc., 1998 |
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*{{cite journal |last=Hanifin |
* {{cite journal |last=Hanifin |first=Patrick |year=2002 |title=To Dwell on the Earth in Unity: Rice, Arakaki, and the Growth of Citizenship and Voting Rights in Hawaii |journal=[[Hawaii Bar Journal]] |volume=5 |issue=13 |pages=15–44 |location=Honolulu, HI, USA |publisher=[[Hawaii State Bar Association]] |id={{OCLC|1775767|474805275}} |issn=0440-5048 |accessdate=May 19, 2012 |url=http://kenconklin.org/mediawiki/media/b/b7/HanifinCitizen.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501084324/http://kenconklin.org/mediawiki/media/b/b7/HanifinCitizen.pdf |archivedate=2015-05-01 |deadurl=unfit }} |
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*{{cite journal |last=Hanifin |
* {{cite journal |last=Hanifin |first=Patrick W. |year=1982 |title=Hawaiian Reparations: Nothing Lost, Nothing Owed |journal=[[Hawaii Bar Journal]] |volume=XVII |issue=2 |location=Honolulu, HI, USA |publisher=[[Hawaii State Bar Association]] |id={{OCLC|1775767|474805275}} |issn=0440-5048 |accessdate=June 2, 2012 |url=http://kenconklin.org/mediawiki/media/0/0b/HanifinReparations1982.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501142650/http://kenconklin.org/mediawiki/media/0/0b/HanifinReparations1982.pdf |archivedate=2015-05-01 |deadurl=unfit }} |
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*{{cite journal|last=Kauanoe|first=Derek|author2=Breann Swann Nuuhiwa|title=We are Who We Thought We Were: Congress' Authority to Recognize a Native Hawaiian Polity United by Common Descent|journal=Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal|date=May 11, 2012|volume=13|issue=2|page=117|ssrn=2126441|accessdate=}} |
* {{cite journal|last=Kauanoe|first=Derek|author2=Breann Swann Nuuhiwa|title=We are Who We Thought We Were: Congress' Authority to Recognize a Native Hawaiian Polity United by Common Descent|journal=Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal|date=May 11, 2012|volume=13|issue=2|page=117|ssrn=2126441|accessdate=}} |
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*{{cite journal |url=http://blog.hawaii.edu/aplpj/files/2011/11/APLPJ_11.2_garcia.pdf |first=Ryan William Nohea |last=Garcia |title=Who Is Hawaiian, What Begets Federal Recognition, and How Much Blood Matters |journal=Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal |date=April 14, 2010 |publisher=[[William S. Richardson School of Law]] at the [[University of Hawaii]] |location=Honolulu, HI, USA |volume=11 |issue=2 |page=85 |ssrn=1758956}} |
* {{cite journal |url=http://blog.hawaii.edu/aplpj/files/2011/11/APLPJ_11.2_garcia.pdf |first=Ryan William Nohea |last=Garcia |title=Who Is Hawaiian, What Begets Federal Recognition, and How Much Blood Matters |journal=Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal |date=April 14, 2010 |publisher=[[William S. Richardson School of Law]] at the [[University of Hawaii]] |location=Honolulu, HI, USA |volume=11 |issue=2 |page=85 |ssrn=1758956}} |
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{{commons category}} |
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* [http://www.oha.org/ Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA)] |
* [http://www.oha.org/ Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA)] |
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* [http://www.hawaiiancouncil.org/ Council for Native Hawaiian Advancement] |
* [http://www.hawaiiancouncil.org/ Council for Native Hawaiian Advancement] |
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* [http://www.law.hawaii.edu/kahuliao Ka Huli Ao Center for Excellence in Native Hawaiian Law official website] |
* [http://www.law.hawaii.edu/kahuliao Ka Huli Ao Center for Excellence in Native Hawaiian Law official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525115000/https://www.law.hawaii.edu/kahuliao |date=2017-05-25 }} |
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* [http://www.uhm-nativehawaiianlaw.blogspot.com/ Ka Huli Ao Blog] |
* [http://www.uhm-nativehawaiianlaw.blogspot.com/ Ka Huli Ao Blog] |
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* {{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/newsroom/minority_links/hawaiian.html |title=Newsroom: Facts on the {{sic|nolink=y|the}} Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population |authorlink=United States Census Bureau |author=U.S. Census Bureau |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |location=Washington, DC, USA |accessdate=June 2, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516235320/http://www.census.gov/newsroom/minority_links/hawaiian.html |archivedate=May 16, 2012 |df= }} |
* {{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/newsroom/minority_links/hawaiian.html |title=Newsroom: Facts on the {{sic|nolink=y|the}} Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population |authorlink=United States Census Bureau |author=U.S. Census Bureau |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |location=Washington, DC, USA |accessdate=June 2, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516235320/http://www.census.gov/newsroom/minority_links/hawaiian.html |archivedate=May 16, 2012 |df= }} |
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Revisi terkini sejak 16 Februari 2024 04.06
 Anak-anak sekolahan Hawaii asli pada sekitar tahun 1900 | |
| Jumlah populasi | |
|---|---|
| 156,000 (murni) 371,000 (belasteran) (sensus 2010)[1] | |
| Daerah dengan populasi signifikan | |
 Amerika Serikat (Hawaii, California, Washington, Utah, Alaska) | |
| Bahasa | |
| Inggris, Hawaii, Hawaiʻi Sign Language (HSL), Hawaiian Pidgin | |
| Agama | |
| Protestan, Katolik Roma, Mormon,[2] Agama Hawaii | |
| Kelompok etnik terkait | |
| Suku bangsa Polinesia, suku bangsa Austronesia |
Orang Hawaii asli (Hawaii: kānaka ʻōiwi, kānaka maoli, dan Hawaiʻi maoli) adalah bangsa asli Polinesia dari Kepulauan Hawaii atau keturunan mereka.[3] Leluhur orang Hawaii asli berasal dari para pemukim Polinesia di Hawaii.
Menurut laporan Biro Sensus AS pada 2000, terdapat 401,000 orang yang menyebut dirinya sendiri sebagai "Hawaii Asli" murni atau berdarah campuran dengan satu ras atau suku bangsa Kepulauan Pasifik lainnya atau lebih. 141,000 orang menyebut diri mereka sendiri sebagai "Hawaii Asli" murni.[4]
Kebanyakan orang Hawaii asli tinggal di Negara Bagian Hawaiʻi (dua per tiga), dan sisanya bermukim di negara bagian lainnya, khususnya American Southwest, dan dengan konsentrasi tinggi di California.
Sejarah orang Hawaii asli, seperti sejarah Hawaii, umumnya diklasifikasikan dalam empat periode besar:
- Periode pra-unifikasi (sebelum tahun 1800)
- Periode monarki dan republik (1800 sampai 1898)
- Periode teritorial AS (1898 sampai 1959)
- Periode negara bagian AS (1959 sampai sekarang)
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population: 2000 Issued May 2012
- ^ "Hawaii's Mormons: 'Chosen People, Promised Land' - Civil Beat". Civil Beat. Diakses tanggal June 16, 2015.
- ^ "American Heritage Dictionary Entry: native hawaiian". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (edisi ke-Fifth). Diakses tanggal March 23, 2015.
- ^ The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population: 2000 Issued Dec 2001
Bacaan tambahan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Maenette K. Nee-Benham and Ronald H. Heck, Culture and Educational Policy in Hawaiʻi: The Silencing of Native Voices, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 1998
- Scott Cunningham, Hawaiian Magic and Spirituality, Llewellyn Worldwide, Ltd., 2000
- Rona Tamiko Tamiko Halualani, In the Name of Hawaiians: Native Identities and Cultural Politics, University of Minnesota Press, 2002
- Marshall D. Sahlins, How Natives Think: About Captain Cook, for Example, University of Chicago Press, 1995
- Thomas G. Thrum, Hawaiian Folk Tales: A Collection of Native Legends, International Law & Taxation Publishers, 2001
- Thomas G. Thrum, More Hawaiian Folk Tales: A Collection of Native Legends and Traditions, International Law & Taxation Publishers, 2001
- Houston Wood, Displacing Natives: The Rhetorical Production of Hawaiʻi, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1999
- Kanalu G. Terry Young Rethinking the Native Hawaiian Past, Taylor & Francis, Inc., 1998
- Hanifin, Patrick (2002). "To Dwell on the Earth in Unity: Rice, Arakaki, and the Growth of Citizenship and Voting Rights in Hawaii" (PDF). Hawaii Bar Journal. Honolulu, HI, USA: Hawaii State Bar Association. 5 (13): 15–44. ISSN 0440-5048. OCLC 1775767. Archived from the original on 2015-05-01. Diakses tanggal May 19, 2012.
- Hanifin, Patrick W. (1982). "Hawaiian Reparations: Nothing Lost, Nothing Owed" (PDF). Hawaii Bar Journal. Honolulu, HI, USA: Hawaii State Bar Association. XVII (2). ISSN 0440-5048. OCLC 1775767. Archived from the original on 2015-05-01. Diakses tanggal June 2, 2012.
- Kauanoe, Derek; Breann Swann Nuuhiwa (May 11, 2012). "We are Who We Thought We Were: Congress' Authority to Recognize a Native Hawaiian Polity United by Common Descent". Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal. 13 (2): 117. SSRN 2126441
. - Garcia, Ryan William Nohea (April 14, 2010). "Who Is Hawaiian, What Begets Federal Recognition, and How Much Blood Matters" (PDF). Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal. Honolulu, HI, USA: William S. Richardson School of Law at the University of Hawaii. 11 (2): 85. SSRN 1758956 .
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA)
- Council for Native Hawaiian Advancement
- Ka Huli Ao Center for Excellence in Native Hawaiian Law official website Diarsipkan 2017-05-25 di Wayback Machine.
- Ka Huli Ao Blog
- U.S. Census Bureau. "Newsroom: Facts on the the [sic] Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population". Washington, DC, USA: U.S. Census Bureau. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal May 16, 2012. Diakses tanggal June 2, 2012.