Ular-hitam Australia: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{infobox spesies |
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{{Taxobox |
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| color = silver |
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| image = Red-bellied Black Snake (Pseudechis porphyriacus) (8397137495).jpg |
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| image_width = 230px |
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| image_caption = [[Ular hitam berperut merah]], ''Pseudechis porphyriacus'' |
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| regnum = [[Animalia]] |
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| phylum = [[Chordata]] |
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| classis = [[Reptilia]] |
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| ordo = [[Squamata]] |
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| subordo = [[Serpentes]] |
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| familia = [[Elapidae]] |
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| subfamilia = [[Elapinae]] |
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| genus_authority = [[Johann Georg Wagler|Wagler]], 1830 |
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}} |
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''Nama umum lain:'''Senawan hitam''', '''senawan air''', '''tedung-beludak''', '''tedung air''', '''tedung-senawan biasa'''.'' |
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'''Ular-hitam Australia''' atau dalam [[Bahasa Inggris|bahasa inggris]] disebut '''blacksnakes''' atau '''Australian blacksnakes''' adalah sebutan untuk semua jenis [[Elapidae]] mematikan yang diklasifikasikan sebagai genus '''''Pseudechis'''''. Ular-ular ini tersebar luas di seluruh daratan [[Australia]] (kecuali [[Tasmania]]) dan beberapa spesies tersebar di [[Pulau Papua]]. Nama ilmiahnya, ''Pseudechis'', bermakna "''Echis'' palsu" (''Echis'' adalah nama genus [[beludak]]).<ref name=AROD>{{Cite web |url=http://arod.com.au/arod/reptilia/Squamata/Elapidae/Pseudechis |title=Blacksnakes (''Pseudechis'') at the Australian Reptile Online Database {{!}} AROD.com.au |access-date=2020-04-23 |archive-date=2021-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316165644/http://arod.com.au/arod/reptilia/Squamata/Elapidae/Pseudechis/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |
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'''Ular hitam Australia''' adalah kelompok tedung-senawan bergenus '''''Pseudechis''''' yang terdapat di [[Australia]] dan [[Papua]]. Dinamai demikian karena warna tubuh ular-ular ini yang hitam pekat, kecuali [[Mulga]] (''Pseudechis australis'') yang tubuhnya berwarna cokelat gelap. Nama ilmiahnya, ''Pseudechis'' yang berarti "beludak palsu", karena mereka berkembang biak dengan cara melahirkan dan bentuk kepala dan penampang tubuh mereka yang seperti [[Beludak sisik gergaji]] (''Echis sp.'').<ref>{{NRDB species|genus = Pseudechis | species= australis}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Kuch | first1 = U. | last2 = Keogh | first2 = J.S. | last3 = Weigel | first3 = J. | last4 = Smith | first4 = L.A. | last5 = Mebs | first5 = D. | year = 2005 | title = Phylogeography of Australia's king brown snake (''Pseudechis australis'') reveals Pliocene divergence and Pleistocene dispersal of a top predator | url = | journal = Naturwissenschaften | volume = 92 | issue = 3| pages = 121–127 | doi=10.1007/s00114-004-0602-0 | pmid=15688185}}</ref> |
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== Spesies == |
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Semua jenis Ular hitam Australia menyukai tempat-tempat lembab atau basah seperti daerah di sekitar sungai, rawa, kolam, dan sebagainya. Mangsa mereka terutama [[tikus]], [[kadal]], [[katak]], [[ikan]], dan [[belut]] serta ular lain, bahkan jenisnya sendiri ([[kanibal]]istik).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://biology.bangor.ac.uk/%7Ebss166/Publications/2004_OzElapids_MPE.pdf | title =Snakes across the Strait: Trans-Torresian phylogeographic relationships in three genera of Australasian snakes (Serpentes: Elapidae: Acanthophis, Oxyuranus and Pseudechis). |author= Wüster, W., A.J. Dumbrell, C. Hay, C.E. Pook, D.J. Williams & B.G. Fry |year=2005|work= Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 34(1): 1–14.|quote= superseding; Wüster, W., et al. [http://biology.bangor.ac.uk/~bss166/FWit/Pseudechis.htm Phylogeny and classification of Australo-Papuan black snakes and mulga snakes: comments on genus Pailsus Hoser] (1998) }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Wüster W, Golay P, Warrell DA |title=Synopsis of recent developments in venomous snake systematics, No. 3 |journal=Toxicon |volume=37 |issue=8 |pages=1123–9 |date=August 1999 |pmid=10400296 |doi= 10.1016/S0041-0101(98)00248-7|url=http://biology.bangor.ac.uk/~bss166/Publications/ToxSyn3.pdf}}</ref> |
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Berikut adalah klasifikasi spesies menurut Reptarium Reptile Database.<ref name=NRDB>{{NRDB genus|genus=Pseudechis}}</ref> |
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* ''[[Pseudechis rossignolii]]'' <small>(HOSER, 2000)</small> |
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== Referensi, publikasi, dan pranala == |
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== Jenis-jenis == |
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Terdapat sekitar 9 spesies ular hitam Australia.<ref>{{NRDB genus|genus =Pseudechis}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Kuch | first1 = U. | last2 = Keogh | first2 = J.S. | last3 = Weigel | first3 = J. | last4 = Smith | first4 = L.A. | last5 = Mebs | first5 = D. | year = 2005 | title = Phylogeography of Australia's king brown snake (''Pseudechis australis'') reveals Pliocene divergence and Pleistocene dispersal of a top predator | url = | journal = Naturwissenschaften | volume = 92 | issue = 3| pages = 121–127 | doi=10.1007/s00114-004-0602-0 | pmid=15688185}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://biology.bangor.ac.uk/%7Ebss166/Publications/2004_OzElapids_MPE.pdf |title =Snakes across the Strait: Trans-Torresian phylogeographic relationships in three genera of Australasian snakes (Serpentes: Elapidae: Acanthophis, Oxyuranus and Pseudechis). |author= Wüster, W., A.J. Dumbrell, C. Hay, C.E. Pook, D.J. Williams & B.G. Fry |year=2005|work= Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 34(1): 1-14.}}</ref><ref>{{Citeweb|url=http://www.arod.com.au/arod/reptilia/Squamata/Elapidae/Pseudechis/ |title =Profile}}</ref> |
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* ''Pseudechis guttatus'' De Vis, 1905 - [[Ular hitam berperut biru]] |
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== Referensi == |
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{{reflist}} |
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*[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger GA]] (1896). ''Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ) ...'' London: Trustees of the [[British Museum]] (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I-XXV. (Genus ''Pseudechis'', pp. 327–328). |
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*[[Johann Georg Wagler|Wagler J]] (1830). ''Natürliches System der AMPHIBIEN, mit vorangehender Classification der SÄUGTHIERE und VÖGEL. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie.'' Munich, Stuttgart and Tübingen: J.G. Cotta. vi + 354 pp. + one plate. (''Pseudechis'', new [[genus]], p. 171). (in German and Latin). |
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* {{ITIS|id=700242|taxon=''Pseudechis'' Shaw, 1794}} |
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* {{NRDB genus|genus=Pseudechis}} |
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* [http://arod.com.au/arod/reptilia/Squamata/Elapidae/Pseudechis AROD > Reptiles / Squamata / Elapidae / Pseudechis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316165644/http://arod.com.au/arod/reptilia/Squamata/Elapidae/Pseudechis/ |date=2021-03-16 }} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q195505}} |
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== Informasi lebih lanjut == |
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* [http://www.cbif.gc.ca/acp/fra/siti/regarder?tsn=700242 ITIS: ''Pseudechis'' Wagler, 1830] |
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* [http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/advanced_search?submit=Search&exact%5B0%5D=genus&genus=Pseudechis ''Pseudechis sp.'' @ The Reptile Database] |
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* [http://www.deh.gov.au/cgi-bin/abrs/fauna/details.pl?pstrVol=REPTILIA;pstrTaxa=2643;pstrChecklistMode=1 Australian Fauna Directory] |
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* Swan, G. 1995. A Photographic Guide to Snakes & other Reptiles of Australia. New Holland: Sydney. ISBN 1-85368-585-2 |
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[[Kategori:Elapidae]] |
[[Kategori:Elapidae]] |
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[[Kategori:Ular]] |
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[[Kategori:Ular berbisa]] |
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[[Kategori:Reptil Australia]] |
[[Kategori:Reptil Australia]] |
Revisi terkini sejak 25 Februari 2024 13.01
Ular-hitam Australia
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Pseudechis | |
Taksonomi | |
Galat Lua: callParserFunction: function "Template" was not found. | |
Genus | Pseudechis Wagler, 1830 |
Ular-hitam Australia atau dalam bahasa inggris disebut blacksnakes atau Australian blacksnakes adalah sebutan untuk semua jenis Elapidae mematikan yang diklasifikasikan sebagai genus Pseudechis. Ular-ular ini tersebar luas di seluruh daratan Australia (kecuali Tasmania) dan beberapa spesies tersebar di Pulau Papua. Nama ilmiahnya, Pseudechis, bermakna "Echis palsu" (Echis adalah nama genus beludak).[1]
Spesies
[sunting | sunting sumber]Berikut adalah klasifikasi spesies menurut Reptarium Reptile Database.[2]
- Pseudechis australis (GRAY, 1842) - Mulga
- Pseudechis butleri SMITH, 1982
- Pseudechis colletti BOULENGER, 1902 - Ular-hitam Collett
- Pseudechis guttatus DE VIS, 1905
- Pseudechis pailsei (HOSER, 1998)
- Pseudechis papuanus PETERS & DORIA, 1878 - Ular-hitam Papua
- Pseudechis porphyriacus (SHAW, 1794) - Ular-hitam berperut merah
- Pseudechis rossignolii (HOSER, 2000)
- Pseudechis weigeli (WELLS & WELLINGTON, 1987)
Referensi, publikasi, dan pranala
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ "Blacksnakes (Pseudechis) at the Australian Reptile Online Database | AROD.com.au". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-03-16. Diakses tanggal 2020-04-23.
- ^ Pseudechis di Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
- Boulenger GA (1896). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ) ... London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I-XXV. (Genus Pseudechis, pp. 327–328).
- Wagler J (1830). Natürliches System der AMPHIBIEN, mit vorangehender Classification der SÄUGTHIERE und VÖGEL. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie. Munich, Stuttgart and Tübingen: J.G. Cotta. vi + 354 pp. + one plate. (Pseudechis, new genus, p. 171). (in German and Latin).