Anarkisme-Kolektif: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi terkini sejak 9 April 2024 06.38

Anarkisme-kolektif,^[1] juga disebut kolektivisme anarkis^[2] dan anarko-kolektivisme,^[3] adalah mazhab anarkis yang menganjurkan penghapusan negara dan kepemilikan swasta atas alat produksi. Sebaliknya, konsep ini membayangkan kepemilikan kolektif atas alat-alat produksi dan hak pekerja atas hasil kerja mereka sendiri,^[4] yang akan dijamin oleh pakta masyarakat antara individu dan kolektif. ^[5] Kaum kolektivis menganggap serikat buruh sebagai sarana untuk mewujudkan kolektivisme melalui revolusi sosial, di mana mereka akan menjadi inti masyarakat pasca-kapitalis.^[6]

Kecenderungan ini awalnya dipahami sebagai sintesis kesetaraan sosial dan kebebasan, oleh sosialis revolusioner Rusia Mikhail Bakunin.^[7] Hal ini umumnya dikaitkan dengan bagian anti-otoriter dari Asosiasi Pekerja Internasional dan gerakan anarkis Spanyol awal, yang dengannya mereka terus mempunyai pengaruh yang kuat hingga akhir abad ke-19. Akhirnya, kecenderungan dominan anarkisme digantikan oleh anarko-komunisme, yang menganjurkan penghapusan upah dan distribusi sumber daya "Dari masing-masing sesuai kemampuannya, untuk masing-masing sesuai kebutuhannya".

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Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ Avrich, Paul (1995) [2005]. Anarchist Voices: An Oral History of Anarchism in America. AK Press. p. 3. "All in all a wide range of views is represented: individualist anarchism, mutualist anarchism, collectivist anarchism, communist anarchism, and syndicalist anarchism, to mention only the most conspicuous." ISBN 978-1904859277.
^ Kropotkin, Peter. (1905) [1987]. Anarchism and Anarchist Communism. Freedom Press. p. 19.
^ Buckley, A. M. (2011). Anarchism. Essential Library. p. 97. "Collectivist anarchism, also called anarcho-collectivism, arose after mutualism." ISBN 978-1617147883.
^ Esenwein 1989, hlm. 104-105; Martin 1990, hlm. 75-76.
^ Esenwein 1989, hlm. 104-105.
^ Esenwein 1989, hlm. 106.
^ Morris 1993, hlm. 115.

[1] Avrich, Paul (1995) [2005]. Anarchist Voices: An Oral History of Anarchism in America. AK Press. p. 3. "All in all a wide range of views is represented: individualist anarchism, mutualist anarchism, collectivist anarchism, communist anarchism, and syndicalist anarchism, to mention only the most conspicuous." ISBN 978-1904859277.

[2] Kropotkin, Peter. (1905) [1987]. Anarchism and Anarchist Communism. Freedom Press. p. 19.

[3] Buckley, A. M. (2011). Anarchism. Essential Library. p. 97. "Collectivist anarchism, also called anarcho-collectivism, arose after mutualism." ISBN 978-1617147883.

[FOOTNOTEEsenwein1989104-105Martin199075-76-4] Esenwein 1989, hlm. 104-105; Martin 1990, hlm. 75-76.

[FOOTNOTEEsenwein1989104-105-5] Esenwein 1989, hlm. 104-105.

[FOOTNOTEEsenwein1989106-6] Esenwein 1989, hlm. 106.

[FOOTNOTEMorris1993115-7] Morris 1993, hlm. 115.

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@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
 '''Anarkisme-kolektif''',<ref><!-- Horowitz, Irving Louis (1972). ''Foundations of Political Sociology''. Transaction Publishers. [https://books.google.it/books?id=uZ0kAQAAIAAJ&q=Collectivist+anarchism&dq=Collectivist+anarchism&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwibkNn0uu7jAhVDzqQKHdluANIQ6AEIazAI p. 165]; Ritter, Alan (1980). ''Anarchism: A Theoretical Analysis''. Cambridge University Press. [https://books.google.it/books?id=0SUsfPCJGk4C&pg=PA89&dq=Collectivist+anarchism&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwibkNn0uu7jAhVDzqQKHdluANIQ6AEIWzAG#v=onepage&q=Collectivist%20anarchism&f=false p. 89]; Goodway, David (1989) [2013]. ''For Anarchism (RLE Anarchy)''. Routledge. [https://books.google.it/books?id=Jvty1g6zKWMC&pg=PA118&dq=Collectivist+anarchism&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwibkNn0uu7jAhVDzqQKHdluANIQ6AEIQzAD#v=onepage&q=Collectivist%20anarchism&f=false p. 118]. {{ISBN|978-0415839457}}; [[Martha Ackelsberg|Ackelsberg, Martha]] (1991) [2005]. ''Free Women of Spain: Anarchism and the Struggle for the Emancipation of Women''. AK Press. [https://books.google.it/books?id=LE1kjvjTHmIC&pg=PA61&dq=anarcho-collectivism&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDx4q_uu7jAhU5xMQBHfAdAT0Q6AEIVjAG#v=onepage&q=anarcho-collectivism&f=false p. 61]. {{ISBN|978-1902593968}};--> Avrich, Paul (1995) [2005]. ''Anarchist Voices: An Oral History of Anarchism in America''. AK Press. [https://books.google.com/books?id=8z8mdUYp-6gC&dq=Collectivist+anarchism&pg=PA3 p. 3]. "All in all a wide range of views is represented: individualist anarchism, mutualist anarchism, collectivist anarchism, communist anarchism, and syndicalist anarchism, to mention only the most conspicuous." {{ISBN|978-1904859277}}.<!-- Harrison, Kevin; Boyd, Tony, ed. (2003). ''Understanding Political Ideas and Movements''. Manchester University Press. [https://books.google.it/books?id=SfHVXy2c1NoC&pg=PA252&dq=Collectivist+anarchism&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwibkNn0uu7jAhVDzqQKHdluANIQ6AEIcTAJ#v=onepage&q=Collectivist%20anarchism&f=false p. 252]. {{ISBN|978-0719061516}}; Buckley, A. M. (2011). ''Anarchism''. Essential Library. [https://books.google.it/books?id=2mkklifS2f0C&pg=PA97&dq=Collectivist+anarchism&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwibkNn0uu7jAhVDzqQKHdluANIQ6AEIKzAA#v=onepage&q=Collectivist%20anarchism&f=false p. 97]. {{ISBN|978-1617147883}}; Heywood, Andrew (2012). ''Political Ideologies: An Introduction''. Red Globe Press. [https://books.google.it/books?id=poYdBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA149&dq=Collectivist+anarchism&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwibkNn0uu7jAhVDzqQKHdluANIQ6AEIMzAB#v=onepage&q=Collectivist%20anarchism&f=false p. 149]; Heywood, Andrew (2018). ''Essentials of Political Ideas''. Macmillan Education UK. [https://books.google.it/books?id=wUtLDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA101&dq=Collectivist+anarchism&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwibkNn0uu7jAhVDzqQKHdluANIQ6AEIOzAC#v=onepage&q=Collectivist%20anarchism&f=false p. 101]. {{ISBN|978-1137611673}}; Greer, Scott (2018). [https://books.google.it/books?id=CoRXDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT58&dq=Collectivist+anarchism&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwibkNn0uu7jAhVDzqQKHdluANIQ6AEISzAE#v=onepage&q=Collectivist%20anarchism&f=false ''The Anarchists'']. Routledge. --></ref> juga disebut '''kolektivisme anarkis'''<ref>Kropotkin, Peter. (1905) [1987]. ''Anarchism and Anarchist Communism''. Freedom Press. [https://books.google.com/books?id=LfryAAAAMAAJ&q=anarchist+collectivism p. 19]. <!-- Blonna, Alex (1977). [https://books.google.it/books?id=VRldHAAACAAJ&dq=anarcho-collectivism&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDx4q_uu7jAhU5xMQBHfAdAT0Q6AEIOzAC ''Marxism and Anarchist Collectivism in the International Workingman's Association, 1864-1872'']. Blonna; Meltzer, Albert (1981). ''Anarchism: Arguments for and Against''. [https://books.google.it/books?id=-K1Vz2NqXI4C&q=anarchist+collectivism&dq=anarchist+collectivism&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiZxdr6uu7jAhUIKuwKHfTwBlYQ6AEIbTAJ p. 8]; Esenwein, George Richard (1989). ''Anarchist Ideology and the Working-class Movement in Spain, 1868-1898''. University of California Press. [https://books.google.it/books?id=13Hck24xgHUC&pg=PA110&dq=anarchist+collectivism&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiZxdr6uu7jAhUIKuwKHfTwBlYQ6AEIOTAC#v=onepage&q=anarchist%20collectivism&f=false p. 110]. {{ISBN|978-0520063983}}; Buckley, A. M. (2011). ''Anarchism''. Essential Library. [https://books.google.it/books?id=2mkklifS2f0C&pg=PA97&dq=Collectivist+anarchism&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwibkNn0uu7jAhVDzqQKHdluANIQ6AEIKzAA#v=onepage&q=Collectivist%20anarchism&f=false p. 97]. {{ISBN|978-1617147883}}; Turcato, Davide (2012). [https://books.google.it/books?id=iCMrZDZbqccC&pg=PT260&dq=anarcho-collectivism&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDx4q_uu7jAhU5xMQBHfAdAT0Q6AEITjAF#v=onepage&q=anarcho-collectivism&f=false ''Making Sense of Anarchism: Errico Malatesta's Experiments with Revolution, 1889-1900'']. Palgrave Macmillan. {{ISBN|978-0230301795}}. --></ref> dan '''anarko-kolektivisme''',<ref><!-- Apter, David E.; Joll, James (1971). ''Anarchism Today''. London: Macmillan. [https://books.google.it/books?id=dW6wCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA229&dq=anarcho-collectivism&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDx4q_uu7jAhU5xMQBHfAdAT0Q6AEIQTAD#v=onepage&q=anarcho-collectivism&f=false p. 229]. {{ISBN|978-1-349-01074-5}}; Martin, Benjamin (1990). ''The Agony of Modernization: Labor and Industrialization in Spain''. Cornell University Press. [https://books.google.it/books?id=oZhjAAAAIAAJ&q=anarcho-collectivism&dq=anarcho-collectivism&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDx4q_uu7jAhU5xMQBHfAdAT0Q6AEIaTAJ p. 88]. {{ISBN|978-0875461656}}; ''Catalan Review'' (1991). '''5–6'''. [https://books.google.it/books?id=FfBWAAAAYAAJ&q=anarcho-collectivism&dq=anarcho-collectivism&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDx4q_uu7jAhU5xMQBHfAdAT0Q6AEIXTAH p. 59]; Ehrlich, Howard J. (1996). ''Reinventing Anarchy, Again''. A K Pr Distribution. [https://books.google.it/books?id=ik9Io2muuuEC&pg=PA19&dq=anarcho-collectivism&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDx4q_uu7jAhU5xMQBHfAdAT0Q6AEISDAE#v=onepage&q=anarcho-collectivism&f=false p. 19]. {{ISBN|978-1873176887}}; Casanovas, Joan (1998). ''Bread or Bullets: Urban Labor and Spanish Colonialism in Cuba, 1850–1898''. University of Pittsburgh Press. [https://books.google.it/books?id=Iae6TSE-A4wC&pg=PA148&dq=anarcho-collectivism&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDx4q_uu7jAhU5xMQBHfAdAT0Q6AEIMzAB#v=onepage&q=anarcho-collectivism&f=false p. 148]. {{ISBN|978-0822956754}}; Getman-Eraso, Jordi W. (2001). ''Rethinking the Revolution: Utopia and Pragmatism in Catalan Anarchosyndicalism''. University of Wisconsin–Madison. [https://books.google.it/books?id=wmJxAAAAMAAJ&q=anarcho-collectivism&dq=anarcho-collectivism&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDx4q_uu7jAhU5xMQBHfAdAT0Q6AEIYzAI pp. 12, 25–26]; --> Buckley, A. M. (2011). ''Anarchism''. Essential Library. [https://books.google.com/books?id=2mkklifS2f0C&dq=Collectivist+anarchism&pg=PA97 p. 97]. "Collectivist anarchism, also called anarcho-collectivism, arose after mutualism." {{ISBN|978-1617147883}}. <!-- Heywood, Andrew (2018). ''Essentials of Political Ideas''. Macmillan Education UK. [https://books.google.it/books?id=wUtLDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA101&dq=Collectivist+anarchism&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwibkNn0uu7jAhVDzqQKHdluANIQ6AEIOzAC#v=onepage&q=Collectivist%20anarchism&f=false p. 101]. {{ISBN|978-1137611673}}. --></ref> adalah mazhab anarkis yang menganjurkan penghapusan [[Kepemilikan negara|negara]] dan [[kepemilikan swasta]] atas [[alat produksi]]. Sebaliknya, konsep ini membayangkan [[kepemilikan kolektif]] atas alat-alat produksi dan hak pekerja atas hasil kerja mereka sendiri,{{Sfnm|1a1=Esenwein|1y=1989|1pp=104-105|2a1=Martin|2y=1990|2pp=75-76}} yang akan dijamin oleh [[kontrak sosial|pakta masyarakat]] antara individu dan kolektif. {{Sfn|Esenwein|1989|pp=104-105}} Kaum kolektivis menganggap [[serikat buruh]] sebagai sarana untuk mewujudkan kolektivisme melalui [[revolusi sosial]], di mana mereka akan menjadi inti masyarakat pasca-kapitalis.{{Sfn|Esenwein|1989|p=106}}
-Kecenderungan ini awalnya dipahami sebagai sintesis [[kesetaraan sosial]] dan [[kebebasan]], oleh sosialis revolusioner Rusia [[Mikhail Bakunin]].{{Sfn|Morris|1993|p=115}} Hal ini umumnya dikaitkan dengan bagian [[anti-otoriter]] dari [[Asosiasi Pekerja Internasional]] dan [[Anarkisme di Spanyol|gerakan anarkis Spanyol]] awal, yang dengannya mereka terus mempunyai pengaruh yang kuat hingga akhir abad ke-19. Akhirnya, kecenderungan dominan anarkisme digantikan oleh [[anarko-komunisme]], yang menganjurkan penghapusan upah dan distribusi sumber daya "Dari masing-masing sesuai kemampuannya, untuk masing-masing sesuai kebutuhannya|dari masing-masing sesuai dengan kemampuannya, masing-masing sesuai dengan kebutuhannya".
+Kecenderungan ini awalnya dipahami sebagai sintesis [[kesetaraan sosial]] dan [[kebebasan]], oleh sosialis revolusioner Rusia [[Mikhail Bakunin]].{{Sfn|Morris|1993|p=115}} Hal ini umumnya dikaitkan dengan bagian [[anti-otoriter]] dari [[Asosiasi Pekerja Internasional]] dan [[Anarkisme di Spanyol|gerakan anarkis Spanyol]] awal, yang dengannya mereka terus mempunyai pengaruh yang kuat hingga akhir abad ke-19. Akhirnya, kecenderungan dominan anarkisme digantikan oleh [[anarko-komunisme]], yang menganjurkan penghapusan upah dan distribusi sumber daya "Dari masing-masing sesuai kemampuannya, untuk masing-masing sesuai kebutuhannya".
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