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| image = Patto-acciaio.jpg |
| image = Patto-acciaio.jpg |
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| image_width = 300px |
| image_width = 300px |
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| caption = [[Galeazzo Ciano]], [[Adolf Hitler]] dan [[Joachim |
| caption = [[Galeazzo Ciano]], [[Adolf Hitler]] dan [[Joachim von Ribbentrop]] pada saat penandatanganan Pakta Baja di ''[[Reichskanzlei]]'', Berlin |
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| type = [[Aliansi militer|Militer]]-[[Aliansi politik|politik]] |
| type = [[Aliansi militer|Militer]]-[[Aliansi politik|politik]] |
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| date_drafted = |
| date_drafted = |
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| date_signed = 22 |
| date_signed = 22 Mei 1939 |
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| location_signed = [[Berlin]], |
| location_signed = [[Berlin]], Jerman |
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| date_sealed = |
| date_sealed = |
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| date_effective = |
| date_effective = |
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| condition_effective = |
| condition_effective = |
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| date_expiration = 1949 (secara efektif pada 1943) |
| date_expiration = 1949 (secara efektif pada 1943) |
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| signatories = {{flagicon|Jerman|Nazi}} [[Jerman Nazi|Jerman]]<br>{{flagicon|Italia |
| signatories = {{flagicon|Jerman|Nazi}} [[Jerman Nazi|Jerman]]<br>{{flagicon|Italia}} [[Kerajaan Italia (1861-1946)|Italia]] |
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| parties = [[Partai Nazi]]<br>[[Partai Fasis Nasional]] |
| parties = [[Partai Nazi]]<br>[[Partai Fasis Nasional]] |
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| depositor = |
| depositor = |
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| |
| language = [[Bahasa Jerman|Jerman]], [[Bahasa Italia|Italia]] |
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| website = |
| website = |
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}} |
}} |
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== Sumber == |
== Sumber == |
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=== Cetak === |
=== Cetak === |
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* {{cite book|last = Belco|first = Victoria|title = War, Massacre, and Recovery in Central Italy, 1943–1948|publisher = University of Toronto|year = 2010|isbn = 978-0-8020-9314-1|ref = harv }} |
* {{cite book|last = Belco|first = Victoria|title = War, Massacre, and Recovery in Central Italy, 1943–1948|url = https://archive.org/details/warmassacrerecov0000belc|publisher = University of Toronto|year = 2010|isbn = 978-0-8020-9314-1|ref = harv }} |
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* {{cite book|last = Corvaja|first = Santi|title = Hitler & Mussolini: The Secret Meetings|publisher = Enigma Books|year = 2013|isbn = 978-0982491164|ref = harv }} |
* {{cite book|last = Corvaja|first = Santi|title = Hitler & Mussolini: The Secret Meetings|publisher = Enigma Books|year = 2013|isbn = 978-0982491164|ref = harv }} |
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* {{cite book|last = Hiden|first = John|title = Germany and Europe 1919–1939|publisher = Routledge Publishing|year = 2014|isbn = 978-1-317-89627-2|ref = harv }} |
* {{cite book|last = Hiden|first = John|title = Germany and Europe 1919–1939|publisher = Routledge Publishing|year = 2014|isbn = 978-1-317-89627-2|ref = harv }} |
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| Baris 38: | Baris 38: | ||
* {{cite book|last = Maltarich|first = William|title = Samurai and Supermen: National Socialist Views of Japan|publisher = Peter Lang Publishing|year = 2005|isbn = 978-3-03-910303-4|ref = harv }} |
* {{cite book|last = Maltarich|first = William|title = Samurai and Supermen: National Socialist Views of Japan|publisher = Peter Lang Publishing|year = 2005|isbn = 978-3-03-910303-4|ref = harv }} |
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* {{cite book|last = Nicholls|first = David|title = Adolf Hitler: A Biographical Companion|publisher = ABC-CLIO|year = 2000|isbn = 978-0-87436-965-6|ref = harv }} |
* {{cite book|last = Nicholls|first = David|title = Adolf Hitler: A Biographical Companion|publisher = ABC-CLIO|year = 2000|isbn = 978-0-87436-965-6|ref = harv }} |
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* {{cite book|last = Shirer|first = William|title = The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich|publisher = Simon & Schuster|year = 1960|isbn = 978-0-671-62420-0|ref = harv }} |
* {{cite book|last = Shirer|first = William|title = The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich|url = https://archive.org/details/risefallofthirdr1959unse|publisher = Simon & Schuster|year = 1960|isbn = 978-0-671-62420-0|ref = harv }} |
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=== Online === |
=== Online === |
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}} |
}} |
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=== Media === |
=== Media === |
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* {{cite AV media | year = 2009 | title = The Mediterranean And North Africa | medium = television documentary | url = http://www.worldmediarights.com/index.php?hidAction=episode&eid=557&page=The_Mediterranean_&_North_Africa_ | accessdate = 12 Maret 2015 | location = [[Amerika Serikat]] | publisher = [[World War II in HD Colour|World Media Rights]] | ref = {{sfnRef|World Media Rights|2009a}} }} |
* {{cite AV media | year = 2009 | title = The Mediterranean And North Africa | medium = television documentary | url = http://www.worldmediarights.com/index.php?hidAction=episode&eid=557&page=The_Mediterranean_&_North_Africa_ | accessdate = 12 Maret 2015 | location = [[Amerika Serikat]] | publisher = [[World War II in HD Colour|World Media Rights]] | ref = {{sfnRef|World Media Rights|2009a}} | archive-date = 2014-10-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141022091419/http://www.worldmediarights.com/index.php?hidAction=episode&eid=557&page=The_Mediterranean_&_North_Africa_ | dead-url = yes }} |
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* {{cite AV media | year = 2009 | title = The Road To War | medium = television documentary | url = http://www.worldmediarights.com/index.php?hidAction=series&sid=8&name=World_War_Two_-_World_War_II_in_Colour_and_HD | accessdate = 12 Maret 2015 | location = United States | publisher = World Media Rights | ref = {{sfnRef|World Media Rights|2009}} | archive-date = 2015-02-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150228033513/http://www.worldmediarights.com/index.php?hidAction=series&sid=8&name=World_War_Two_-_World_War_II_in_Colour_and_HD | dead-url = yes }} |
* {{cite AV media | year = 2009 | title = The Road To War | medium = television documentary | url = http://www.worldmediarights.com/index.php?hidAction=series&sid=8&name=World_War_Two_-_World_War_II_in_Colour_and_HD | accessdate = 12 Maret 2015 | location = United States | publisher = World Media Rights | ref = {{sfnRef|World Media Rights|2009}} | archive-date = 2015-02-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150228033513/http://www.worldmediarights.com/index.php?hidAction=series&sid=8&name=World_War_Two_-_World_War_II_in_Colour_and_HD | dead-url = yes }} |
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Revisi terkini sejak 19 April 2024 09.51
Nama panjang:
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|---|---|
 Galeazzo Ciano, Adolf Hitler dan Joachim von Ribbentrop pada saat penandatanganan Pakta Baja di Reichskanzlei, Berlin | |
| Jenis | Militer-politik |
| Ditandatangani | 22 Mei 1939 |
| Lokasi | Berlin, Jerman |
| Habis tempo | 1949 (secara efektif pada 1943) |
| Penanda tangan |  Jerman Italia |
| Pihak | Partai Nazi Partai Fasis Nasional |
| Bahasa | Jerman, Italia |
Pakta Baja (bahasa Jerman: Stahlpakt, bahasa Italia: Patto d'Acciaio), yang secara resmi dikenal sebagai Pakta Persahabatan dan Aliansi antara Jerman dan Italia, adalah sebuah aliansi militer dan politik antara Kerajaan Italia dan Jerman.
Pakta tersebut awalnya disusun sebagai aliansi militer tripartit antara Jepang, Italia dan Jerman. Meskipun Jepang ingin fokus pakta tersebut ditujukan ke Uni Soviet, Italia dan Jerman ingin fokus pakta tersebut ditujukan ke Britania dan Prancis. Karena ketidaksepakatan tersebut, pakta tersebut ditandatangani tanpa Jepang dan menjadi sebuah perjanjian antara Fasis Italia dan Jerman Nazi, yang ditandatangani pada 22 Mei 1939 oleh menteri luar negeri Galeazzo Ciano dari Italia dan Joachim von Ribbentrop dari Jerman.
Pemimpin Italia Benito Mussolini yang menjuluki perjanjian tersebut "Pakta Baja", setelah berkata bahwa nama aslinya, "Pakta Darah", khawatir kurang diterima di Italia.
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Sumber
[sunting | sunting sumber]Cetak
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Belco, Victoria (2010). War, Massacre, and Recovery in Central Italy, 1943–1948. University of Toronto. ISBN 978-0-8020-9314-1.
- Corvaja, Santi (2013). Hitler & Mussolini: The Secret Meetings. Enigma Books. ISBN 978-0982491164.
- Hiden, John (2014). Germany and Europe 1919–1939. Routledge Publishing. ISBN 978-1-317-89627-2.
- Knight, Patricia (2013). Mussolini and Fascism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1136477508.
- Knox, MacGregor (2002). Hitler's Italian Allies: Royal Armed Forces, Fascist Regime, and the War of 1940–1943. Cambridge University. ISBN 978-1-139-43203-0.
- Maltarich, William (2005). Samurai and Supermen: National Socialist Views of Japan. Peter Lang Publishing. ISBN 978-3-03-910303-4.
- Nicholls, David (2000). Adolf Hitler: A Biographical Companion. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-87436-965-6.
- Shirer, William (1960). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-62420-0.
Online
[sunting | sunting sumber]- "The Italo-German Alliance, May 22, 1939". United States Office of Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-07-20. Diakses tanggal 12 March 2015.
- "The Pact of Steel – the Pact of Friendship and Alliance between Germany and Italy, May 22, 1939". Historical Resources. Diakses tanggal 12 March 2015.
Media
[sunting | sunting sumber]- The Mediterranean And North Africa (television documentary). Amerika Serikat: World Media Rights. 2009. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-10-22. Diakses tanggal 12 Maret 2015.
- The Road To War (television documentary). United States: World Media Rights. 2009. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-02-28. Diakses tanggal 12 Maret 2015.