Pertempuran Teluk Leyte: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{about| |
{{about|pertempuran angkatan laut|invasi ke pulaunya|Pertempuran Leyte}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2013}} |
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{{Infobox military conflict |
{{Infobox military conflict |
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| conflict |
| conflict = Pertempuran Teluk Leyte |
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| image = [[ |
| image = [[Berkas:Princeton burning.jpg|tepi|300px]] |
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| caption = |
| caption = Kapal induk ringan {{USS|Princeton|CVL-23|2}} terbakar, timur [[Luzon]], 24 Oktober 1944. |
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| partof |
| partof = [[Perang Pasifik]] pada [[Perang Dunia II]] |
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| date = 23–26 |
| date = 23–26 Oktober 1944 |
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| place = [[ |
| place = [[Teluk Leyte]], Filipina |
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| result |
| result = Kemenangan Sekutu; Kekuatan angkatan laut Jepang menurun |
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| territory = |
| territory = Sekutu [[Pertempuran Leyte|membebaskan]] pulau Leyte, kemudian seluruh kepulauan Filipina; jalur suplai minyak ke Jepang terputus |
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| combatant1 = {{Flag| |
| combatant1 = {{Flag|Amerika Serikat|1912}}<br />{{flag|Australia}} |
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| combatant2 = {{Flag| |
| combatant2 = {{Flag|Kekaisaran Jepang}} |
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| commander1 = {{Flagicon|United States|1912}} [[William Halsey, Jr.]]<br/>([[United States Third Fleet|3rd Fleet]])<br/>{{Flagicon| |
| commander1 = {{Flagicon|United States|1912}} [[William Halsey, Jr.]]<br/>([[United States Third Fleet|3rd Fleet]])<br/>{{Flagicon|Amerika Serikat|1912}} [[Thomas C. Kinkaid]]<br/>([[United States Seventh Fleet|7th Fleet]])<br/>{{Flagicon|United States|1912}} [[Clifton Sprague]]<br/>(Taffy 3 / Task Unit 77.4.3)<br/>{{Flagicon|United States|1912}} [[Jesse B. Oldendorf]]<br/> (Task Group 77.2)<br/>{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[John Augustine Collins]]<br />([[Task Force 44|Task Force 74]]) |
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| commander2 = {{Flagicon|Japan|naval}} [[Takeo Kurita]]<br />( |
| commander2 = {{Flagicon|Japan|naval}} [[Takeo Kurita]]<br />(Armada Utama)<br/>{{Flagicon|Japan|naval}} [[Shōji Nishimura]]{{KIA}}<br/>(Armada Selatan)<br/>{{Flagicon|Japan|naval}} [[Kiyohide Shima]] <br/>(Armada Selatan)<br />{{Flagicon|Japan|naval}} [[Jisaburō Ozawa]] <br/>(Armada Utara)<br/> {{Flagicon|Japan|naval}} [[Yukio Seki]] {{KIA}} <br/>(''Kamikaze'') |
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| strength1 = '''~300 |
| strength1 = '''Total ~300 kapal'''<ref>History of United States Naval Operations in World War II' by S.E. Morison- Volume XII 'Leyte' (Little, Brown & Co., Boston, 1963)</ref><br/>8 armada [[kapal induk]]<br />8 [[kapal induk ringan]]<br/>18 [[kapal induk kawal]]<br/>12 [[kapal tempur]]<br/>24 [[kapal penjelajah]]<br/>166 [[kapal perusak]] dan [[kapal perusak kawal]]<br/>Banyak [[PT boat]], [[kapal selam]], dan armada cadangan<br/>Sekitar 1,500 pesawat |
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| strength2 = '''67+ |
| strength2 = '''67+ kapal'''<br/>1 armada [[kapal induk]]<br />3 kapal induk ringan<br/>9 kapal tempur<br/>14 kapal penjelajah berat<br/>6 kapal penjelajah ringan<br/>35+ kapal perusak<br/>300+ pesawat<ref>{{cite book|last=Thomas|first=Evan|title=Sea of Thunder|url=https://archive.org/details/seaofthunderfour00thom|year=2006|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-7432-5221-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/seaofthunderfour00thom/page/209 209]–210}}</ref> |
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| casualties1 = ~3,000 |
| casualties1 = ~3,000 korban; <br/>1 kapal induk ringan,<br/>2 kapal induk kawal, <br/>2 kapal perusak,<br/> 1 kapal perusak kawal<br/> 200+ pesawat |
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| casualties2 = ~12,500 |
| casualties2 = ~12,500 tewas; <br/>1 armada induk, <br/>3 kapal induk kawal<br/>3 kapal tempur, <br/>10 kapal penjelajah, <br/>11 kapal perusak tenggelam <br/> ~300 pesawat<ref>{{cite book|last=Thomas|first=Evan|title=Sea of Thunder|url=https://archive.org/details/seaofthunderfour00thom|year=2006|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-7432-5221-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/seaofthunderfour00thom/page/322 322]}}</ref> |
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| Koordinat = {{Coord|10.370|N|125.355|E|type:event|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |
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| armada1 = {{Flagicon|US|naval}} [[United States Third Fleet|3rd Fleet]] |
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*[[Task Force 38]] |
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{{Flagicon|US|naval}} [[United States Seventh Fleet|7th Fleet]] |
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*[[Task Force 77 (United States Navy)|Task Force 77]] |
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| armada2 = {{Flagicon|Empire of Japan|naval}} [[Combined Fleet]] |
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*[[2nd Fleet (Imperial Japanese Navy)|2nd Fleet]] |
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*[[Third Fleet (Imperial Japanese Navy)|3rd Fleet]] |
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*[[5th Fleet (Imperial Japanese Navy)|5th Fleet]] |
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{{Flagicon|Empire of Japan|naval}} [[Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service|Navy Air Service]] |
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*[[1st Air Fleet (Imperial Japanese Navy)|1st Air Fleet]] |
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*[[List of Air Fleets of the Imperial Japanese Navy#2nd Air Fleet|2nd Air Fleet]] |
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{{ |
{{Kotak Kampanye Filipina 1944–1945}} |
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'''Pertempuran Teluk Leyte''', |
'''Pertempuran Teluk Leyte''', ([[Bahasa Filipino|Filipino]]: ''Labanan sa golpo ng Leyte''; [[Bahasa Jepang|Japanese]]: レイテ沖海戦, <small>romaji:</small> ''Reite oki Kaisen'') dikenal juga sebagai '''Pertempuran Laut Filipina Kedua''', adalah pertempuran laut terbesar di [[Perang Dunia II]] dan, menurut beberapa kriteria, mungkin pertempuran angkatan laut terbesar dalam sejarah<ref name="Woodward1947">{{cite book|title=The Battle for Leyte Gulf|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|authorlink=|year=1947|publisher=Macmillan|location=New York|isbn=|pages=|url= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Largest Naval Battles in Military History: A Closer Look at the Largest and Most Influential Naval Battles in World History|url=http://militaryhistory.norwich.edu/largest-naval-sea-battles-in-military-history/|website=Military History|publisher=Norwich University|accessdate=7 Maret 2015}}</ref> yang melibatkan lebih dari 200.000 personel angkatan laut. |
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Pertempuran |
Pertempuran ini terjadi di perairan [[Teluk Leyte]], dekat pulau [[Filipina]] [[Pulau Leyte|Leyte]], [[Pulau Samar|Samar]] dan [[Pulau Luzon|Luzon]], dari 23–26 Oktober 1944. Pertempuran ini terjadi antara persekutuan pasukan [[Amerika Serikat|Amerika]] dan [[Australia]] dan [[Angkatan Laut Kekaisaran Jepang]] sekaligus menjadi bagian dari [[Pertempuran Leyte|Invasi Leyte]] yang bertujuan untuk mengisolasi [[Jepang]] dari seluruh negara jajahannya di [[Asia Tenggara]], dimana pada saat itu merupakan sumber vital dari industri dan suplai [[Minyak bumi|minyak]]. |
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Saat pertempuran berlangsung, Jepang hanya memiliki sedikit armada utama (Kapal Induk dan Kapal Tempur) dibandingkan Armada Kapal Induk yang dimiliki oleh Armada Persekutuan di Pasifik yang menujukkan betapa besarnya perbedaan kekuatan pada saat itu dalam perang. |
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⚫ | Pertempuran tersebut terdiri dari empat pertempuran yang terpisah |
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⚫ | Pertempuran tersebut terdiri dari empat pertempuran yang terpisah: [[Pertempuran Teluk Leyte#Pertempuran Laut Sibuyan .2824 Oktober.29|Pertempuran Laut Sibuyan]], [[Pertempuran Teluk Leyte#Pertempuran Selat Surigao (25 Oktober)|Pertempuran Selat Surigao]], [[Pertempuran Teluk Leyte#Pertempuran Tanjung Enga. C3.B1o .2825.E2.80.9326 Oktober.29|Pertempuran Tanjung Engaño]] dan [[Pertempuran Samar]], serta aksi lainnya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Battle of Leyte Gulf|url=http://www.worldwar2facts.org/battle-of-leyte-gulf.html|work=World War 2 Facts|accessdate=17 Januari 2014}}</ref> |
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Peristiwa tersebut merupakan pertempuran pertama dimana pesawat Jepang melakukan serangan ''[[kamikaze]]'' secara terorganisir.<ref name="Fuller1956"/><ref name="Morison1956"/> |
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Peristiwa tersebut merupakan pertempuran pertama dimana pesawat Jepang melakukan serangan ''[[kamikaze]]'' secara terorganisir, dan pertempuran ini adalah pertempuran laut terakhir yang melibatkan [[Kapal tempur|Kapal Tempur]] dalam sejarah.<ref name="Fuller1956"/><ref name="Morison1956"/> Angkatan Laut Kekaisaran Jepang menderita kerugian besar dan tidak pernah berlayar dengan kekuatan yang sebanding setelah nya, karena sisa nya terdampar di galangan selama sisa perang karena kekurangan bahan bakar dan hal itulah yang menyebabkan Sekutu berhasil dalam operasi Invasi Leyte. |
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== Latar Belakang == |
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Kampanye yang dilakukan Armada Sekutu di Bulan Agustus 1942 hingga Awal tahun 1944 menyebabkan Jepang menarik pasukannya dari banyak pangkalan di pulau-pulau bagian Utara dan Tengah samudera Pasifik, sembari mengisolasi banyak pangkalan mereka yang lain seperti [[Kepulauan Solomon|Pulau Solomon]], [[Kepulauan Bismarck]], Pulau Admiralty, [[Papua Nugini]], [[Kepulauan Marshall]], dan [[Pulau Wake]] |
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Pada Bulan Juni 1944, serangkaian Pendaratan Amfibi oleh Amerika Serikat yang dibantu oleh [[:en:United_States_Fifth_Fleet|Gugus Tugas Kapal Cepat Armada Kelima]] berhasil menduduki sebagian besar [[Kepulauan Mariana]] ( mengitari [[:en:Rota_(island)|Rota]] ). Pendaratan ini berhasil menembus Strategi Jepang, Pertahanan Cincin Dalam dan memberikan Amerika pangkalan udara yang mana pengebom jarak jauh [[B-29 Superfortress|Boeing B-29 Superfortress]] bisa menyerang Kepulauan Jepang. |
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Jepang melakukan serangan balik pada [[Pertempuran Laut Filipina]]. Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat menghacurkan 3 Kapal Induk Jepang, merusak beberapa kapal dan menembak jatuh sekitar 600 pesawat tempur Jepang, sehingga menyisakan Angkatan Laut Jepang kekuatan udara untuk Kapal Induk dan sedikit pilot senior. Walau demikian, banyak kekuatan udara basis darat Jepang telah berkumpul di Filipina dianggap berbahaya apabila dilewati oleh banyak perwira tinggi di luar Kepala Staf Gabungan, termasuk Laksamana Chester Nimitz. |
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{{Reflist|1}} |
{{Reflist|1}} |
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===Daftar pustaka=== |
=== Daftar pustaka === |
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{{refbegin}} |
{{refbegin}} |
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* {{cite book| |
* {{cite book|last = Cox|first = Robert Jon|authorlink =|year = 2010|chapter =|title = The Battle Off Samar: Taffy III at Leyte Gulf (5th Edition)|publisher = Agogeebic Press, LLC|location =|isbn = 0-9822390-4-1}} |
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*{{Cite book |
* {{Cite book|last = Cutler|first = Thomas|authorlink =|year = 1994|chapter =|title = The Battle of Leyte Gulf: 23–26 October 1944|url = https://archive.org/details/battleofleytegul0000cutl_u8j8|publisher = Naval Institute Press|location = Annapolis, Maryland, U.S.|isbn = 1-55750-243-9 }} |
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*{{Cite book |
* {{Cite book|last = D'Albas|first = Andrieu|authorlink =|year = 1965|title = Death of a Navy: Japanese Naval Action in World War II|publisher = Devin-Adair Pub|location =|isbn = 0-8159-5302-X }} |
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*{{Cite book |
* {{Cite book|last = Drea|first = Edward J.|authorlink =|year = 1998|chapter = Leyte: Unanswered Questions|title = In the Service of the Emperor: Essays on the Imperial Japanese Army|publisher = University of Nebraska Press|location = Nebraska|isbn = 0-8032-1708-0 }} |
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*{{Cite book |
* {{Cite book|last = Dull|first = Paul S.|authorlink =|year = 1978|chapter =|title = A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1941–1945|url = https://archive.org/details/battlehistoryofi0000dull|publisher = Naval Institute Press|location =|isbn = 0-87021-097-1 }} |
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*{{Cite book |
* {{Cite book|last = Field|first = James A.|authorlink =|year = 1947|chapter =|title = The Japanese at Leyte Gulf: The Sho operation|publisher = Princeton University Press|location =|id = ASIN B0006AR6LA }} |
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*{{Cite book |
* {{Cite book|last = Friedman|first = Kenneth|authorlink =|year = 2001|chapter =|title = Afternoon of the Rising Sun: The Battle of Leyte Gulf|url = https://archive.org/details/afternoonofrisin0000frie|publisher = Presidio Press|location =|isbn = 0-89141-756-7 }} |
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*{{Cite book |
* {{Cite book|last = Fuller|first = J.F.C.|authorlink =|year = 1956|chapter =|title = The Decisive Battles of the Western World – Volume III|publisher = Eyre & Spottiswoode|location = London|isbn = 1-135-31790-9 }} |
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*{{Cite book |
* {{Cite book|author = Hornfischer, James D.|authorlink = James D. Hornfischer|title = The Last Stand of the Tin Can Sailors|url = https://archive.org/details/laststandoftinca00horn|publisher = Bantam|year = 2004|isbn = 0-553-80257-7}} |
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*{{Cite book |
* {{Cite book|last = Hoyt|first = Edwin P.|authorlink =|year = 2003|chapter =|title = The Men of the Gambier Bay: The Amazing True Story of the Battle of Leyte Gulf|publisher = The Lyons Press|location =|isbn = 1-58574-643-6 }} |
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*{{Cite book |
* {{Cite book|last = Lacroix|first = Eric|authorlink =|author2=Linton Wells|year = 1997|chapter =|title = Japanese Cruisers of the Pacific War|publisher = Naval Institute Press|location =|isbn = 0-87021-311-3 }} |
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*{{Cite book |
* {{Cite book|last = Morison|first = Samuel Eliot|authorlink = Samuel Eliot Morison|origyear = 1956|year = 2004|chapter =|title = Leyte, June 1944 – January 1945, ''vol. 12 of ''[[History of United States Naval Operations in World War II]]|publisher = University of Illinois Press; Reprint edition|location = Champaign, Illinois, U.S.A.|isbn = 0-252-07063-1 }} |
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*{{Cite web|first |
* {{Cite web |first= Hiroshi |last= Nishida |url= http://homepage2.nifty.com/nishidah/e/index.htm |title= Imperial Japanese Navy |year= 2002 |access-date= 2015-12-06 |archive-date= 2012-11-20 |archive-url= https://www.webcitation.org/6CK2eLt0f?url=http://homepage2.nifty.com/nishidah/e/index.htm |dead-url= yes }} |
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*{{Cite book |
* {{Cite book|last = Potter|first = E. B.|authorlink =|year = 2005|chapter =|title = Admiral Arleigh Burke|publisher = Naval Institute Press|location =|isbn = 1-59114-692-5 }} |
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*{{Cite book |
* {{Cite book|last = Potter|first = E. B.|authorlink =|year = 2003|chapter =|title = Bull Halsey|publisher = Naval Institute Press|location =|isbn = 1-59114-691-7 }} |
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*{{Cite book |
* {{Cite book|last = Sauer|first = Howard|authorlink =|year = 1999|chapter =|title = The Last Big-Gun Naval Battle: The Battle of Surigao Strait|publisher = Glencannon Press|location =|isbn = 1-889901-08-3 }} |
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*{{Cite book |
* {{Cite book|last = Stewart|first = Adrian|authorlink = |year = 1979|chapter = |title = The Battle of Leyte Gulf|url = https://archive.org/details/battleofleytegul0000stew|publisher = Hale|location = |isbn = 0-7091-7544-2}} |
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*{{Cite book |
* {{Cite book|last = Thomas|first = Evan|authorlink = Evan Thomas|year = 2006|chapter = |title = Sea of Thunder: Four Commanders and the Last Great Naval Campaign 1941–1945|url = https://archive.org/details/seaofthunderfour00thom|publisher = [[Simon & Schuster]]|location = |isbn = 0-7432-5221-7}} |
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*{{Cite book |
* {{Cite book|last = Vego|first = Milan N.|authorlink =|year = 2006|chapter =|title = Battle for Leyte, 1944: Allied And Japanese Plans, Preparations, And Execution|publisher = US Naval Institute Press|location =|isbn = 1-55750-885-2 }} |
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*{{Cite book |
* {{Cite book|last = Willmott|first = H. P.|authorlink =|year = 2005|chapter =|title = The Battle Of Leyte Gulf: The Last Fleet Action|url = https://archive.org/details/battleofleytegul0000will|publisher = Indiana University Press|location =|isbn=0-253-34528-6 }} |
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*{{Cite book |
* {{Cite book|last = Woodward|first = C. Vann|authorlink =|origyear = 1947|year = 2007|chapter =|title = The Battle for Leyte Gulf|url = https://archive.org/details/battleforleytegu0000wood|publisher = Skyhorse Publishing|location =|isbn=1-60239-194-7 }} |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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====Media audio/visual==== |
==== Media audio/visual ==== |
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*''Lost Evidence of the Pacific: The Battle of Leyte Gulf''. [[History (U.S. TV channel)|History Channel]] TV |
* ''Lost Evidence of the Pacific: The Battle of Leyte Gulf''. [[History (U.S. TV channel)|History Channel]] TV |
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*''Dogfights: Death of the Japanese Navy''. History Channel. TV |
* ''Dogfights: Death of the Japanese Navy''. History Channel. TV |
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*''Battle 360: ''Battle of Leyte Gulf''. History Channel. TV |
* ''Battle 360: ''Battle of Leyte Gulf''. History Channel. TV |
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* [http://www.historyanimated.com/LeyteGulf.html Animated History of The Battle of Leyte Gulf] |
* [http://www.historyanimated.com/LeyteGulf.html Animated History of The Battle of Leyte Gulf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112190039/http://www.historyanimated.com/LeyteGulf.html |date=2009-01-12 }} |
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*''[https://archive.org/details/VAS_19_The_Battle_For_Leyte_Gulf Victory At Sea: The Battle For Leyte Gulf]'', (1952). Episode 19 from a 26-episode film series about naval combat during World War II. |
* ''[https://archive.org/details/VAS_19_The_Battle_For_Leyte_Gulf Victory At Sea: The Battle For Leyte Gulf]'', (1952). Episode 19 from a 26-episode film series about naval combat during World War II. |
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==Pranala luar== |
== Pranala luar == |
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{{Portal|Militer Amerika Serikat}} |
{{Portal|Militer Amerika Serikat}} |
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{{Commons|Battle of Leyte Gulf}} |
{{Commons|Battle of Leyte Gulf}} |
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*[http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/USSBS/IJO/IJO-75.html United States Strategic Bombing Survey (Pacific) – Interrogations of Japanese Officials] |
* [http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/USSBS/IJO/IJO-75.html United States Strategic Bombing Survey (Pacific) – Interrogations of Japanese Officials] |
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*[http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/rep/Leyte/BatExp/index.html Battle Experience: Battle for Leyte Gulf] [Cominch Secret Information Bulletin No. 22] |
* [http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/rep/Leyte/BatExp/index.html Battle Experience: Battle for Leyte Gulf] [Cominch Secret Information Bulletin No. 22] |
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*[http://ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/rep/Leyte/TF-34-Leyte.html Task Force 34 Action Report: 6 October 1944 – 3 November 1944 (VAdm Lee)] |
* [http://ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/rep/Leyte/TF-34-Leyte.html Task Force 34 Action Report: 6 October 1944 – 3 November 1944 (VAdm Lee)] |
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*[http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/rep/Leyte/TF-77-Leyte.html Task Force 77 Action Report: Battle of Leyte Gulf (VAdm Kinkaid)] |
* [http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/rep/Leyte/TF-77-Leyte.html Task Force 77 Action Report: Battle of Leyte Gulf (VAdm Kinkaid)] |
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*Orders of battle: [http://www.navweaps.com/index_oob/OOB_WWII_Pacific/OOB_WWII_Sibuyan_Sea.htm Sibuyan Sea], [http://www.navweaps.com/index_oob/OOB_WWII_Pacific/OOB_WWII_Surigao-Strait.htm Surigao Strait], [http://www.navweaps.com/index_oob/OOB_WWII_Pacific/OOB_WWII_Cape_Engano.htm Cape Engaño], [http://www.navweaps.com/index_oob/OOB_WWII_Pacific/OOB_WWII_Samar.htm Samar]. |
* Orders of battle: [http://www.navweaps.com/index_oob/OOB_WWII_Pacific/OOB_WWII_Sibuyan_Sea.htm Sibuyan Sea], [http://www.navweaps.com/index_oob/OOB_WWII_Pacific/OOB_WWII_Surigao-Strait.htm Surigao Strait], [http://www.navweaps.com/index_oob/OOB_WWII_Pacific/OOB_WWII_Cape_Engano.htm Cape Engaño], [http://www.navweaps.com/index_oob/OOB_WWII_Pacific/OOB_WWII_Samar.htm Samar]. |
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*[http://www.microworks.net/pacific/battles/leyte_gulf.htm 'Glorious Death: The Battle of Leyte Gulf'] by Tim Lanzendörfer |
* [http://www.microworks.net/pacific/battles/leyte_gulf.htm 'Glorious Death: The Battle of Leyte Gulf'] by Tim Lanzendörfer |
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*[http://www.bosamar.com/ The Battle Off Samar — Taffy III at Leyte Gulf] by Robert Jon Cox |
* [http://www.bosamar.com/ The Battle Off Samar — Taffy III at Leyte Gulf] by Robert Jon Cox |
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*[http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/PTO/Philippines/index.html Return to the Philippines]: public domain documents from ibiblio.org |
* [http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/PTO/Philippines/index.html Return to the Philippines]: public domain documents from ibiblio.org |
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*[http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/wwii/articles/leytegulfrevisited.aspx The Battle for Leyte Gulf Revisited] by Irwin J. Kappes |
* [http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/wwii/articles/leytegulfrevisited.aspx The Battle for Leyte Gulf Revisited] by Irwin J. Kappes |
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*[http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/wwii/articles/japanstaoperation.aspx Japan's TA-Operation: A Blueprint for Disaster] by Irwin J. Kappes |
* [http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/wwii/articles/japanstaoperation.aspx Japan's TA-Operation: A Blueprint for Disaster] by Irwin J. Kappes |
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*[http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/wwii-pac/leyteglf/cvl23-l.htm 'Loss of the USS ''Princeton'' (CVL-23), 24 October 1944' – United States' Naval Historical Center] |
* [http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/wwii-pac/leyteglf/cvl23-l.htm 'Loss of the USS ''Princeton'' (CVL-23), 24 October 1944' – United States' Naval Historical Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091116132651/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/wwii-pac/leyteglf/cvl23-l.htm |date=2009-11-16 }} |
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*{{cite web|url=http://combinedfleet.com/battles/Layte_Campaign|title=Pacific War Maps | Nihon Kaigun|publisher=combinedfleet.com|accessdate=11 July 2014}} |
* {{cite web|url=http://combinedfleet.com/battles/Layte_Campaign|title=Pacific War Maps | Nihon Kaigun|publisher=combinedfleet.com|accessdate=11 July 2014}} |
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*[http://combinedfleet.com/atully07.htm USS Bergall vs IJN Myoko: A Tale of Two Cripples] by A.P. Tully |
* [http://combinedfleet.com/atully07.htm USS Bergall vs IJN Myoko: A Tale of Two Cripples] by A.P. Tully |
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*[http://content.library.ccsu.edu/u?/VHP,5427 Oral history interview with Edward Gilbert, a member of the Army Boat Regiment during the Battle of Leyte Gulf] from the Veterans History Project at Central Connecticut State University |
* [http://content.library.ccsu.edu/u?/VHP,5427 Oral history interview with Edward Gilbert, a member of the Army Boat Regiment during the Battle of Leyte Gulf] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121210064343/http://content.library.ccsu.edu/u?/VHP,5427 |date=2012-12-10 }} from the Veterans History Project at Central Connecticut State University |
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{{Perang Dunia II}} |
{{Perang Dunia II}} |
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Baris 89: | Baris 110: | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Teluk Leyte, Pertempuran}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Teluk Leyte, Pertempuran}} |
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[[Kategori: |
[[Kategori:Pertempuran Teluk Leyte| ]] |
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[[Kategori:Konflik dalam tahun 1944]] |
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[[Kategori:Filipina dalam tahun 1944]] |
[[Kategori:Filipina dalam tahun 1944]] |
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[[Kategori: |
[[Kategori:Palagan Samudra Pasifik dalam Perang Dunia II]] |
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[[Kategori:Pertempuran Teluk Leyte]] |
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[[Kategori:Operasi dan pertempuran penerbangan angkatan laut]] |
[[Kategori:Operasi dan pertempuran penerbangan angkatan laut]] |
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[[Kategori:Sejarah Leyte (provinsi)]] |
[[Kategori:Sejarah Leyte (provinsi)]] |
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[[Kategori:Sejarah Samar (provinsi)]] |
[[Kategori:Sejarah Samar (provinsi)]] |
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[[Kategori:Pertempuran angkatan laut Perang Dunia II |
[[Kategori:Pertempuran angkatan laut Perang Dunia II melibatkan Australia]] |
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[[Kategori:Pertempuran angkatan laut Perang Dunia II |
[[Kategori:Pertempuran angkatan laut Perang Dunia II melibatkan Jepang]] |
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[[Kategori:Pertempuran angkatan laut Perang Dunia II |
[[Kategori:Pertempuran angkatan laut Perang Dunia II melibatkan Amerika Serikat]] |
Revisi per 3 Mei 2024 09.43
Pertempuran Teluk Leyte | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bagian dari Perang Pasifik pada Perang Dunia II | |||||||||
Kapal induk ringan Princeton terbakar, timur Luzon, 24 Oktober 1944. | |||||||||
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Pihak terlibat | |||||||||
Amerika Serikat Australia | Kekaisaran Jepang | ||||||||
Tokoh dan pemimpin | |||||||||
William Halsey, Jr. (3rd Fleet) Thomas C. Kinkaid (7th Fleet) Clifton Sprague (Taffy 3 / Task Unit 77.4.3) Jesse B. Oldendorf (Task Group 77.2) John Augustine Collins (Task Force 74) |
Takeo Kurita (Armada Utama) Shōji Nishimura † (Armada Selatan) Kiyohide Shima (Armada Selatan) Jisaburō Ozawa (Armada Utara) Yukio Seki † (Kamikaze) | ||||||||
Kekuatan | |||||||||
Total ~300 kapal[1] 8 armada kapal induk 8 kapal induk ringan 18 kapal induk kawal 12 kapal tempur 24 kapal penjelajah 166 kapal perusak dan kapal perusak kawal Banyak PT boat, kapal selam, dan armada cadangan Sekitar 1,500 pesawat |
67+ kapal 1 armada kapal induk 3 kapal induk ringan 9 kapal tempur 14 kapal penjelajah berat 6 kapal penjelajah ringan 35+ kapal perusak 300+ pesawat[2] | ||||||||
Korban | |||||||||
~3,000 korban; 1 kapal induk ringan, 2 kapal induk kawal, 2 kapal perusak, 1 kapal perusak kawal 200+ pesawat |
~12,500 tewas; 1 armada induk, 3 kapal induk kawal 3 kapal tempur, 10 kapal penjelajah, 11 kapal perusak tenggelam ~300 pesawat[3] |
Pertempuran Teluk Leyte, (Filipino: Labanan sa golpo ng Leyte; Japanese: レイテ沖海戦, romaji: Reite oki Kaisen) dikenal juga sebagai Pertempuran Laut Filipina Kedua, adalah pertempuran laut terbesar di Perang Dunia II dan, menurut beberapa kriteria, mungkin pertempuran angkatan laut terbesar dalam sejarah[4][5] yang melibatkan lebih dari 200.000 personel angkatan laut.
Pertempuran ini terjadi di perairan Teluk Leyte, dekat pulau Filipina Leyte, Samar dan Luzon, dari 23–26 Oktober 1944. Pertempuran ini terjadi antara persekutuan pasukan Amerika dan Australia dan Angkatan Laut Kekaisaran Jepang sekaligus menjadi bagian dari Invasi Leyte yang bertujuan untuk mengisolasi Jepang dari seluruh negara jajahannya di Asia Tenggara, dimana pada saat itu merupakan sumber vital dari industri dan suplai minyak.
Saat pertempuran berlangsung, Jepang hanya memiliki sedikit armada utama (Kapal Induk dan Kapal Tempur) dibandingkan Armada Kapal Induk yang dimiliki oleh Armada Persekutuan di Pasifik yang menujukkan betapa besarnya perbedaan kekuatan pada saat itu dalam perang.
Pertempuran tersebut terdiri dari empat pertempuran yang terpisah: Pertempuran Laut Sibuyan, Pertempuran Selat Surigao, Pertempuran Tanjung Engaño dan Pertempuran Samar, serta aksi lainnya.[6]
Peristiwa tersebut merupakan pertempuran pertama dimana pesawat Jepang melakukan serangan kamikaze secara terorganisir, dan pertempuran ini adalah pertempuran laut terakhir yang melibatkan Kapal Tempur dalam sejarah.[7][8] Angkatan Laut Kekaisaran Jepang menderita kerugian besar dan tidak pernah berlayar dengan kekuatan yang sebanding setelah nya, karena sisa nya terdampar di galangan selama sisa perang karena kekurangan bahan bakar dan hal itulah yang menyebabkan Sekutu berhasil dalam operasi Invasi Leyte.
Latar Belakang
Kampanye yang dilakukan Armada Sekutu di Bulan Agustus 1942 hingga Awal tahun 1944 menyebabkan Jepang menarik pasukannya dari banyak pangkalan di pulau-pulau bagian Utara dan Tengah samudera Pasifik, sembari mengisolasi banyak pangkalan mereka yang lain seperti Pulau Solomon, Kepulauan Bismarck, Pulau Admiralty, Papua Nugini, Kepulauan Marshall, dan Pulau Wake
Pada Bulan Juni 1944, serangkaian Pendaratan Amfibi oleh Amerika Serikat yang dibantu oleh Gugus Tugas Kapal Cepat Armada Kelima berhasil menduduki sebagian besar Kepulauan Mariana ( mengitari Rota ). Pendaratan ini berhasil menembus Strategi Jepang, Pertahanan Cincin Dalam dan memberikan Amerika pangkalan udara yang mana pengebom jarak jauh Boeing B-29 Superfortress bisa menyerang Kepulauan Jepang.
Jepang melakukan serangan balik pada Pertempuran Laut Filipina. Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat menghacurkan 3 Kapal Induk Jepang, merusak beberapa kapal dan menembak jatuh sekitar 600 pesawat tempur Jepang, sehingga menyisakan Angkatan Laut Jepang kekuatan udara untuk Kapal Induk dan sedikit pilot senior. Walau demikian, banyak kekuatan udara basis darat Jepang telah berkumpul di Filipina dianggap berbahaya apabila dilewati oleh banyak perwira tinggi di luar Kepala Staf Gabungan, termasuk Laksamana Chester Nimitz.
Referensi
Catatan
- ^ History of United States Naval Operations in World War II' by S.E. Morison- Volume XII 'Leyte' (Little, Brown & Co., Boston, 1963)
- ^ Thomas, Evan (2006). Sea of Thunder. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. hlm. 209–210. ISBN 978-0-7432-5221-8.
- ^ Thomas, Evan (2006). Sea of Thunder. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. hlm. 322. ISBN 978-0-7432-5221-8.
- ^ Woodward, C. Vann (1947). The Battle for Leyte Gulf. New York: Macmillan.
- ^ "The Largest Naval Battles in Military History: A Closer Look at the Largest and Most Influential Naval Battles in World History". Military History. Norwich University. Diakses tanggal 7 Maret 2015.
- ^ "Battle of Leyte Gulf". World War 2 Facts. Diakses tanggal 17 Januari 2014.
- ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamaFuller1956
- ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamaMorison1956
Daftar pustaka
- Cox, Robert Jon (2010). The Battle Off Samar: Taffy III at Leyte Gulf (5th Edition). Agogeebic Press, LLC. ISBN 0-9822390-4-1.
- Cutler, Thomas (1994). The Battle of Leyte Gulf: 23–26 October 1944. Annapolis, Maryland, U.S.: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-243-9.
- D'Albas, Andrieu (1965). Death of a Navy: Japanese Naval Action in World War II. Devin-Adair Pub. ISBN 0-8159-5302-X.
- Drea, Edward J. (1998). "Leyte: Unanswered Questions". In the Service of the Emperor: Essays on the Imperial Japanese Army. Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-1708-0.
- Dull, Paul S. (1978). A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1941–1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-097-1.
- Field, James A. (1947). The Japanese at Leyte Gulf: The Sho operation. Princeton University Press. ASIN B0006AR6LA.
- Friedman, Kenneth (2001). Afternoon of the Rising Sun: The Battle of Leyte Gulf. Presidio Press. ISBN 0-89141-756-7.
- Fuller, J.F.C. (1956). The Decisive Battles of the Western World – Volume III. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode. ISBN 1-135-31790-9.
- Hornfischer, James D. (2004). The Last Stand of the Tin Can Sailors. Bantam. ISBN 0-553-80257-7.
- Hoyt, Edwin P. (2003). The Men of the Gambier Bay: The Amazing True Story of the Battle of Leyte Gulf. The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-643-6.
- Lacroix, Eric; Linton Wells (1997). Japanese Cruisers of the Pacific War. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-311-3.
- Morison, Samuel Eliot (2004) [1956]. Leyte, June 1944 – January 1945, vol. 12 of History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Champaign, Illinois, U.S.A.: University of Illinois Press; Reprint edition. ISBN 0-252-07063-1.
- Nishida, Hiroshi (2002). "Imperial Japanese Navy". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-11-20. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-06.
- Potter, E. B. (2005). Admiral Arleigh Burke. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-692-5.
- Potter, E. B. (2003). Bull Halsey. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-691-7.
- Sauer, Howard (1999). The Last Big-Gun Naval Battle: The Battle of Surigao Strait. Glencannon Press. ISBN 1-889901-08-3.
- Stewart, Adrian (1979). The Battle of Leyte Gulf. Hale. ISBN 0-7091-7544-2.
- Thomas, Evan (2006). Sea of Thunder: Four Commanders and the Last Great Naval Campaign 1941–1945. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-5221-7.
- Vego, Milan N. (2006). Battle for Leyte, 1944: Allied And Japanese Plans, Preparations, And Execution. US Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-885-2.
- Willmott, H. P. (2005). The Battle Of Leyte Gulf: The Last Fleet Action. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-34528-6.
- Woodward, C. Vann (2007) [1947]. The Battle for Leyte Gulf. Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 1-60239-194-7.
Media audio/visual
- Lost Evidence of the Pacific: The Battle of Leyte Gulf. History Channel TV
- Dogfights: Death of the Japanese Navy. History Channel. TV
- Battle 360: Battle of Leyte Gulf. History Channel. TV
- Animated History of The Battle of Leyte Gulf Diarsipkan 2009-01-12 di Wayback Machine.
- Victory At Sea: The Battle For Leyte Gulf, (1952). Episode 19 from a 26-episode film series about naval combat during World War II.
Pranala luar
- United States Strategic Bombing Survey (Pacific) – Interrogations of Japanese Officials
- Battle Experience: Battle for Leyte Gulf [Cominch Secret Information Bulletin No. 22]
- Task Force 34 Action Report: 6 October 1944 – 3 November 1944 (VAdm Lee)
- Task Force 77 Action Report: Battle of Leyte Gulf (VAdm Kinkaid)
- Orders of battle: Sibuyan Sea, Surigao Strait, Cape Engaño, Samar.
- 'Glorious Death: The Battle of Leyte Gulf' by Tim Lanzendörfer
- The Battle Off Samar — Taffy III at Leyte Gulf by Robert Jon Cox
- Return to the Philippines: public domain documents from ibiblio.org
- The Battle for Leyte Gulf Revisited by Irwin J. Kappes
- Japan's TA-Operation: A Blueprint for Disaster by Irwin J. Kappes
- 'Loss of the USS Princeton (CVL-23), 24 October 1944' – United States' Naval Historical Center Diarsipkan 2009-11-16 di Wayback Machine.
- "Pacific War Maps | Nihon Kaigun". combinedfleet.com. Diakses tanggal 11 July 2014.
- USS Bergall vs IJN Myoko: A Tale of Two Cripples by A.P. Tully
- Oral history interview with Edward Gilbert, a member of the Army Boat Regiment during the Battle of Leyte Gulf Diarsipkan 2012-12-10 di Archive.is from the Veterans History Project at Central Connecticut State University
- Pertempuran Teluk Leyte
- Konflik dalam tahun 1944
- Filipina dalam tahun 1944
- Palagan Samudra Pasifik dalam Perang Dunia II
- Operasi dan pertempuran penerbangan angkatan laut
- Sejarah Leyte (provinsi)
- Sejarah Samar (provinsi)
- Pertempuran angkatan laut Perang Dunia II melibatkan Australia
- Pertempuran angkatan laut Perang Dunia II melibatkan Jepang
- Pertempuran angkatan laut Perang Dunia II melibatkan Amerika Serikat