Jules Mazarin: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Adesio2010 (bicara | kontrib) Jules Mazarin |
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'''Jules Raymond Mazarin''' ('''Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino, Mazarino''', '''Mazarini''' atau '''Mazzarini'''<ref |
'''Jules Raymond Mazarin''' ('''Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino, Mazarino''', '''Mazarini''' atau '''Mazzarini'''<ref>Nama keluarganya secara bertahap ditulis sebagai Mazarin, namun tanda tangannya masih sebagai Mazarini, ''gaya orang Italia'', di akhir hidupnya di bagian bawah [[Perjanjian Pirenia]].</ref>), lahir di [[Pescina]], [[Abruzzo]], [[Kerajaan Napoli]], pada tanggal [[14 Juli]] [[1602]] dan meninggal di [[Vincennes]] pada tanggal [[9 Maret]] [[1661]], lebih dikenal sebagai '''Kardinal Mazarin''', merupakan seorang diplomat dan politisi, yang awalnya melayani [[Hierarki Gereja Katolik|kepausan]], kemudian raja-raja Prancis [[Louis XIII dari Prancis|Louis XIII]] dan [[Louis XIV dari Prancis|Louis XIV]]. Ia menggantikan [[Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu|Richelieu]] sebagai [[Kepala Menteri Prancis]] dari tahun [[1643]] hingga [[1661]]. |
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== Catatan dan kutipan == |
== Catatan dan kutipan == |
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== Buku dikutip dalam teks == |
== Buku dikutip dalam teks == |
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* {{cite book |last=Buelow |first=George J. |year=2004 |title=A history of baroque music |location=Bloomington |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-34365-9 |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book |last=Buelow |first=George J. |year=2004 |title=A history of baroque music |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofbaroque0000buel |location=Bloomington |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-34365-9 |ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Dethan |first=Georges |title=The Young Mazarin |year=1977 |publisher=Thames and Hudson|location=London |translator-last=Baron |translator-first=Stanley |ISBN=9780500870044 |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book |last=Dethan |first=Georges |title=The Young Mazarin |url=https://archive.org/details/youngmazarin0000deth |year=1977 |publisher=Thames and Hudson|location=London |translator-last=Baron |translator-first=Stanley |ISBN=9780500870044 |ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Dethan |first=Georges |chapter=Mazarin, Jules, Cardinal |title=[[The New Encyclopædia Britannica]] |year=1991 |edition=15th |volume=7 |pages=979–980 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |location=Chicago |language=en |ISBN=0-85229-529-4 |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book |last=Dethan |first=Georges |chapter=Mazarin, Jules, Cardinal |title=[[The New Encyclopædia Britannica]] |year=1991 |edition=15th |volume=7 |pages=979–980 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |location=Chicago |language=en |ISBN=0-85229-529-4 |ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Goubert |first=Pierre |title=Mazarin |year=1990 |publisher=Fayard |location=Paris |language =fr |ISBN=2-213-01650-X |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book |last=Goubert |first=Pierre |title=Mazarin |year=1990 |publisher=Fayard |location=Paris |language =fr |ISBN=2-213-01650-X |ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Mongrédien |first=Georges |title=Mazarin |year=1959 |publisher=Hachette |location=Paris |language=fr |ref={{sfnref|Mongrédien|1959}}}} |
* {{cite book |last=Mongrédien |first=Georges |title=Mazarin |year=1959 |publisher=Hachette |location=Paris |language=fr |ref={{sfnref|Mongrédien|1959}}}} |
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* {{cite book |last=O'Connor |first=John T. |title=Negotiator Out of Season: Career of Wilhelm Egon Von Furstenberg, 1629–1704 |year=1978 |publisher=U of Georgia Press |location=Athens, GA |isbn=978-0-8203-0436-6 |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book |last=O'Connor |first=John T. |title=Negotiator Out of Season: Career of Wilhelm Egon Von Furstenberg, 1629–1704 |url=https://archive.org/details/negotiatoroutofs0000ocon |year=1978 |publisher=U of Georgia Press |location=Athens, GA |isbn=978-0-8203-0436-6 |ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Poncet |first=Olivier |title=Mazarin l'Italien |year=2018 |publisher=Tallandier |location=Paris |language=fr |isbn=979-10-210-3105-0 |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book |last=Poncet |first=Olivier |title=Mazarin l'Italien |year=2018 |publisher=Tallandier |location=Paris |language=fr |isbn=979-10-210-3105-0 |ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Treasure |first=Geoffrey |title=Mazarin: The Crisis of Absolutism in France|year=1995 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |ISBN=0-415-014573 |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book |last=Treasure |first=Geoffrey |title=Mazarin: The Crisis of Absolutism in France|year=1995 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |ISBN=0-415-014573 |ref=harv}} |
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* Ekberg, Carl J. "Abel Servien, Cardinal Mazarin, and the Formulation of French Foreign Policy, 1653–1659." ''International History Review'' 3.3 (1981): 317-329. |
* Ekberg, Carl J. "Abel Servien, Cardinal Mazarin, and the Formulation of French Foreign Policy, 1653–1659." ''International History Review'' 3.3 (1981): 317-329. |
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* Haffemayer, Stéphane. "Mazarin, Information and Communication During the Fronde (1648–1653)." ''Media History'' 22.3-4 (2016): 386-400. |
* Haffemayer, Stéphane. "Mazarin, Information and Communication During the Fronde (1648–1653)." ''Media History'' 22.3-4 (2016): 386-400. |
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* [https://archive.org/details/mazarinm00hassrich Hassall, Arthur. ''Mazarin'' (1903)] |
* [https://archive.org/details/mazarinm00hassrich Hassall, Arthur. ''Mazarin'' (1903)] |
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* Perkins, James Breck (1886). ''France Under Mazarin'' (2 volumes). New York: Putnam. Vols. [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924082186317#page/n10/mode/1up 1] & [https://archive.org/stream/franceundermaza00perkgoog#page/n11/mode/1up 2] at Internet Archive. |
* Perkins, James Breck (1886). ''France Under Mazarin'' (2 volumes). New York: Putnam. Vols. [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924082186317#page/n10/mode/1up 1] & [https://archive.org/stream/franceundermaza00perkgoog#page/n11/mode/1up 2] at Internet Archive. |
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* Sonnino, Paul. ''Mazarin's Quest: The Congress of Westphalia and the Coming of the Fronde'' (Harvard UP, 2008O. 307 pp |
* Sonnino, Paul. ''Mazarin's Quest: The Congress of Westphalia and the Coming of the Fronde'' (Harvard UP, 2008O. 307 pp |
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* Wilkinson, Richard. "Cardinal Mazarin" ''History Today'' (April 1996) 46#4 pp |
* Wilkinson, Richard. "Cardinal Mazarin" ''History Today'' (April 1996) 46#4 pp 39–45. |
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[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1602]] |
[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1602]] |
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[[Kategori:Kematian 1661]] |
[[Kategori:Kematian 1661]] |
Revisi per 11 Mei 2024 19.44
Kardinal Mazarin | |
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Menteri Pertama Negara | |
Masa jabatan 4 Desember 1642 – 9 Maret 1661 | |
Penguasa monarki | Louis XIII Ratu Ana (wali penguasa) Louis XIV |
Informasi pribadi | |
Lahir | Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino 14 Juli 1602 Pescina, Abruzzo Ultra, Kerajaan Napoli |
Meninggal | 9 Maret 1661 (usia 58) Vincennes, Île-de-France, Prancis |
Almamater | Collegio Romano |
Profesi | Rohaniwan, negarawan |
Kardinal, Uskup Metz | |
Metropolis | Subyek tunduk pada Tahta Suci |
Keuskupan | Metz |
Takhta | Metz |
Pendahulu | Henri de Bourbon |
Penerus | Franz Egon dari Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg |
Imamat | |
Pelantikan kardinal | 16 December 1641 oleh Paus Urbanus VIII |
Informasi pribadi | |
Denominasi | Katolik Roma |
Semboyan | Firmando firmior hæret Hinc ordo, hinc copia rerum |
Tanda tangan | |
Sunting kotak info • L • B |
Gelar bangsawan untuk Jules Raymond Mazarin | |
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Gaya referensi | Yang Mulia |
Gaya penyebutan | Yang Mulia |
Informal style | Kardinal |
Lihat | Metz |
Jules Raymond Mazarin (Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino, Mazarino, Mazarini atau Mazzarini[1]), lahir di Pescina, Abruzzo, Kerajaan Napoli, pada tanggal 14 Juli 1602 dan meninggal di Vincennes pada tanggal 9 Maret 1661, lebih dikenal sebagai Kardinal Mazarin, merupakan seorang diplomat dan politisi, yang awalnya melayani kepausan, kemudian raja-raja Prancis Louis XIII dan Louis XIV. Ia menggantikan Richelieu sebagai Kepala Menteri Prancis dari tahun 1643 hingga 1661.
Catatan dan kutipan
- ^ Nama keluarganya secara bertahap ditulis sebagai Mazarin, namun tanda tangannya masih sebagai Mazarini, gaya orang Italia, di akhir hidupnya di bagian bawah Perjanjian Pirenia.
Buku dikutip dalam teks
- Buelow, George J. (2004). A history of baroque music. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34365-9.
- Dethan, Georges (1977). The Young Mazarin. Diterjemahkan oleh Baron, Stanley. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 9780500870044.
- Dethan, Georges (1991). "Mazarin, Jules, Cardinal". The New Encyclopædia Britannica (dalam bahasa Inggris). 7 (edisi ke-15th). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. hlm. 979–980. ISBN 0-85229-529-4.
- Goubert, Pierre (1990). Mazarin (dalam bahasa Prancis). Paris: Fayard. ISBN 2-213-01650-X.
- Mongrédien, Georges (1959). Mazarin (dalam bahasa Prancis). Paris: Hachette.
- O'Connor, John T. (1978). Negotiator Out of Season: Career of Wilhelm Egon Von Furstenberg, 1629–1704. Athens, GA: U of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0-8203-0436-6.
- Poncet, Olivier (2018). Mazarin l'Italien (dalam bahasa Prancis). Paris: Tallandier. ISBN 979-10-210-3105-0.
- Treasure, Geoffrey (1995). Mazarin: The Crisis of Absolutism in France. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-014573.
Bacaan selanjutnya
- Bonney, R. "The Paradox of Mazarin." History Today 32. (Feb 1982): 18-24.
- Bonney, Richard. "Cardinal Mazarin and the great nobility during the Fronde." English Historical Review 96.381 (1981): 818-833.
- Bonney, Richard. Society And Government In France Under Richelieu And Mazarin 1624–61 (Springer, 1988).
- Ekberg, Carl J. "Abel Servien, Cardinal Mazarin, and the Formulation of French Foreign Policy, 1653–1659." International History Review 3.3 (1981): 317-329.
- Haffemayer, Stéphane. "Mazarin, Information and Communication During the Fronde (1648–1653)." Media History 22.3-4 (2016): 386-400.
- Hassall, Arthur. Mazarin (1903)
- Perkins, James Breck (1886). France Under Mazarin (2 volumes). New York: Putnam. Vols. 1 & 2 at Internet Archive.
- Sonnino, Paul. Mazarin's Quest: The Congress of Westphalia and the Coming of the Fronde (Harvard UP, 2008O. 307 pp
- Wilkinson, Richard. "Cardinal Mazarin" History Today (April 1996) 46#4 pp 39–45.