Sentimen anti-Jerman: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
+ |
|||
| (15 revisi perantara oleh 4 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
| Baris 1: | Baris 1: | ||
{{redirect|Jermanofobia|germofobia/germafobia|Misofobia}} |
|||
[[Berkas:Harry R. Hopps, Destroy this mad brute Enlist - U.S. Army, 03216u edit.jpg| |
[[Berkas:Harry R. Hopps, Destroy this mad brute Enlist - U.S. Army, 03216u edit.jpg|jmpl|''Hancurkan monster gila ini''—[[Propaganda di Amerika Serikat|Propaganda Amerika Serikat]] ([[Harry Ryle Hopps|Harry R. Hopps]]; 1917). Poster ini dirilis tahun 1917 oleh [[Harry Ryle Hopps]], menggambarkan Jerman sebagai gorila yang menyerang Amerika Serikat setelah menaklukkan Eropa.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rziXfHf2L1gC&pg=PA68 |p=68 |title=Picture This: World War I Posters and Visual Culture |author= Pearl James |publisher=U of Nebraska Press |year=2009}}</ref>]] |
||
[[Berkas:Lindsay German monster.jpg| |
[[Berkas:Lindsay German monster.jpg|jmpl|Kartun anti-Jerman dari Australia, [[Norman Lindsay]], antara tahun 1914 dan 1918]] |
||
[[Berkas:Guerre 14-18-Humour-L'ingordo, trop dur-1915.JPG|thumb|Kartu pos Prancis dari zaman [[Perang Dunia Pertama]], menggambarkan [[karikatur]] Kaisar [[William II, Kaisar Jerman|Wilhelm II]] yang berupaya untuk melahap dunia; versi bahasa Prancis ini didasarkan pada kartun Italia]] |
|||
[[Berkas:British Empire Union WWI poster.jpg|jmpl|Poster anti-Jerman dari Britania, sekitar tahun 1919, menyerukan boikot terhadap barang-barang Jerman dan menggambarkan pebisnis Jerman yang menjual produk mereka di Britania sebagai "wajah lain" tentara Jerman yang melakukan kekejaman selama tahun 1914-1918 (poster ''British Empire Union'')]] |
|||
'''Sentimen anti-Jerman''' (atau '''Jermanofobia''') didefinisikan sebagai penentangan atau rasa takut terhadap [[Jerman]], [[bangsa Jerman|penduduk]], [[Budaya Jerman|budaya]], dan [[ |
'''Sentimen anti-Jerman''' (atau '''Jermanofobia''') didefinisikan sebagai penentangan atau rasa takut terhadap [[Jerman]], [[bangsa Jerman|penduduk]], [[Budaya Jerman|budaya]], dan [[bahasa Jerman]].<ref>{{cite book |title=American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin]] |year=2000 |location= |pages= |url= |doi= |id= |isbn=0-395-82517-2 |author= executive editor, Joseph P. Pickett}}</ref> Kebalikannya adalah [[Jermanofilia]]. Sentimen ini sebagian besar dimulai bertepatan dengan [[penyatuan Jerman]] pertengahan abad ke-19, yang membuat negara baru itu menjadi saingan [[kekuatan besar]] Eropa berdasarkan ekonomi, manufaktur, dan militer. |
||
== Abad ke-19 == |
|||
=== Rusia === |
|||
Pada tahun 1860-an Rusia mengalami wabah Jermanofobia, terutama terbatas pada sekelompok kecil penulis di [[Sankt-Peterburg]] yang telah bersatu bersama sebuah surat kabar sayap kanan. Dimulai pada tahun 1864 dengan penerbitan sebuah artikel oleh seorang penulis (menggunakan nama samaran "Shedoferotti") yang mengusulkan bahwa [[Polandia]] diberikan otonomi dan bahwa hak istimewa para baron Jerman di [[negara-negara Baltik]] dan [[Finlandia]] dipertahankan. [[Mikhail Katkov]] memublikasikan kritik keras terhadap artikel tersebut di ''[[Moscow News]]'', yang pada gilirannya menyebabkan luapan kemarahan di mana para penulis Rusia menyatakan kekesalan mereka dengan orang Eropa, beberapa di antaranya menampilkan serangan langsung terhadap bangsa Jerman.<ref>{{cite book |author=Marietta Stepaniants |title=Religion and Identity in Modern Russia: The Revival of Orthodoxy and Islam |publisher=Routledge |year=2017 |pages=45–47 |isbn=9781351905145 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=uVFBDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT63}}</ref> |
|||
== Referensi == |
== Referensi == |
||
| Baris 22: | Baris 27: | ||
== Pranala luar == |
== Pranala luar == |
||
{{Commons category|Anti-German propaganda}} |
{{Commons category|Anti-German propaganda}} |
||
*[http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/2 "Nobody Would Eat Kraut": Lola Gamble Clyde on Anti-German Sentiment in Idaho During World War I (Oral history courtesy of Latah County Historical Society)] |
* [http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/2 "Nobody Would Eat Kraut": Lola Gamble Clyde on Anti-German Sentiment in Idaho During World War I (Oral history courtesy of Latah County Historical Society)] |
||
*[http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/1 "Get the Rope!" Anti-German Violence in World War I-era Wisconsin (from History Matters, a project of the American Social History Project/Center for Media and Learning)] |
* [http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/1 "Get the Rope!" Anti-German Violence in World War I-era Wisconsin (from History Matters, a project of the American Social History Project/Center for Media and Learning)] |
||
*[http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/3 "We Had to Be So Careful" A German Farmer's Recollections of Anti-German Sentiment in World War I (Oral history courtesy of Latah County Historical Society)] |
* [http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/3 "We Had to Be So Careful" A German Farmer's Recollections of Anti-German Sentiment in World War I (Oral history courtesy of Latah County Historical Society)] |
||
*[http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,445513,00.html Article from Der Spiegel 31/10.2006 on Polish–German Relations] |
* [http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,445513,00.html Article from Der Spiegel 31/10.2006 on Polish–German Relations] |
||
* [http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/world/Why-do-we-still-laugh.2442846.jp Article from Allan Hall in ''[[The Scotsman]]'' 11 July 2003: ''"Why do we still laugh at Germany?"''] |
* [http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/world/Why-do-we-still-laugh.2442846.jp Article from Allan Hall in ''[[The Scotsman]]'' 11 July 2003: ''"Why do we still laugh at Germany?"''] |
||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930170928/http://web.mala.bc.ca/davies/h324war/prager.lynching.1918.htm Newspaper articles from 1918, describing the lynching of Robert Prager in Collinsville, Illinois] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930170928/http://web.mala.bc.ca/davies/h324war/prager.lynching.1918.htm Newspaper articles from 1918, describing the lynching of Robert Prager in Collinsville, Illinois] |
||
*[http://www.pantagraph.com/news/local/bank-weathered-anti-german-hysteria-great-depression/article_7b4fa69c-7f97-11e3-8005-001a4bcf887a.html Bank weathered anti-German hysteria, Great Depression – Pantagraph] (Bloomington, Illinois newspaper) |
* [http://www.pantagraph.com/news/local/bank-weathered-anti-german-hysteria-great-depression/article_7b4fa69c-7f97-11e3-8005-001a4bcf887a.html Bank weathered anti-German hysteria, Great Depression – Pantagraph] (Bloomington, Illinois newspaper) |
||
*[http://www.pantagraph.com/news/local/german-language-paper-under-suspicion-during-ww-i/article_8df0159a-962d-52eb-9fdf-2995156051c8.html German-language paper under suspicion during WW I – Pantagraph] (Bloomington, Illinois newspaper) |
* [http://www.pantagraph.com/news/local/german-language-paper-under-suspicion-during-ww-i/article_8df0159a-962d-52eb-9fdf-2995156051c8.html German-language paper under suspicion during WW I – Pantagraph] (Bloomington, Illinois newspaper) |
||
<!-- [[de:Antideutsche Propaganda]] --> |
<!-- [[de:Antideutsche Propaganda]] --> |
||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Anti-German Sentiment}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Anti-German Sentiment}} |
||
[[ |
[[Kategori:Sentimen anti-Jerman| ]] |
||
[[Kategori:Diskriminasi]] |
|||
[[KategoriDiskriminasi]] |
|||
[[ |
[[Kategori:Sentimen antinasional|Jerman]] |
||
[[Kategori:Rasisme]] |
[[Kategori:Rasisme]] |
||
[[Kategori:Sentimen antinegara dan antibangsa|J]] |
|||
[[de:Deutsche#Deutschenfeindlichkeit]] |
[[de:Deutsche#Deutschenfeindlichkeit]] |
||
Revisi terkini sejak 6 Juni 2024 07.41
Sentimen anti-Jerman (atau Jermanofobia) didefinisikan sebagai penentangan atau rasa takut terhadap Jerman, penduduk, budaya, dan bahasa Jerman.[2] Kebalikannya adalah Jermanofilia. Sentimen ini sebagian besar dimulai bertepatan dengan penyatuan Jerman pertengahan abad ke-19, yang membuat negara baru itu menjadi saingan kekuatan besar Eropa berdasarkan ekonomi, manufaktur, dan militer.
Abad ke-19
[sunting | sunting sumber]Rusia
[sunting | sunting sumber]Pada tahun 1860-an Rusia mengalami wabah Jermanofobia, terutama terbatas pada sekelompok kecil penulis di Sankt-Peterburg yang telah bersatu bersama sebuah surat kabar sayap kanan. Dimulai pada tahun 1864 dengan penerbitan sebuah artikel oleh seorang penulis (menggunakan nama samaran "Shedoferotti") yang mengusulkan bahwa Polandia diberikan otonomi dan bahwa hak istimewa para baron Jerman di negara-negara Baltik dan Finlandia dipertahankan. Mikhail Katkov memublikasikan kritik keras terhadap artikel tersebut di Moscow News, yang pada gilirannya menyebabkan luapan kemarahan di mana para penulis Rusia menyatakan kekesalan mereka dengan orang Eropa, beberapa di antaranya menampilkan serangan langsung terhadap bangsa Jerman.[3]
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Pearl James (2009). Picture This: World War I Posters and Visual Culture. U of Nebraska Press. hlm. 68.
- ^ executive editor, Joseph P. Pickett (2000). American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-82517-2.
- ^ Marietta Stepaniants (2017). Religion and Identity in Modern Russia: The Revival of Orthodoxy and Islam. Routledge. hlm. 45–47. ISBN 9781351905145.
Bacaan lebih lanjut
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Dekker, Henk, and Lutsen B. Jansen. "Attitudes and stereotypes of young people in the Netherlands with respect to Germany." in The puzzle of Integration: European Yearbook on Youth Policy and Research 1 (1995): 49–61. excerpt
- DeWitt, Petra. Degrees of Allegiance: Harassment and Loyalty in Missouri's German-American Community during World War I (Ohio University Press, 2012)., on USA
- Ellis, M. and P. Panayi. "German Minorities in World War I: A Comparative Study of Britain and the USA", Ethnic and Racial Studies 17 (April 1994): 238–259.
- Lipstadt, Deborah E. "America and the Memory of the Holocaust, 1950–1965." Modern Judaism (1996) 16#3 pp: 195–214.
- Scully, Richard. British Images of Germany: Admiration, Antagonism & Ambivalence, 1860–1914 (2012)
- Tischauser, Leslie V. The Burden of Ethnicity: The German Question in Chicago, 1914–1941. (1990).
- Wingfield, Nancy M. "The Politics of Memory: Constructing National Identity in the Czech Lands, 1945 to 1948." East European Politics & Societies (2000) 14#2 pp: 246–267. Argues that anti-German attitudes were paramount
- Yndigegn, Carsten. "Reviving Unfamiliarity—The Case of Public Resistance to the Establishment of the Danish–German Euroregion." European Planning Studies 21.1 (2013): 58–74. Abstract
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Anti-German propaganda.
- "Nobody Would Eat Kraut": Lola Gamble Clyde on Anti-German Sentiment in Idaho During World War I (Oral history courtesy of Latah County Historical Society)
- "Get the Rope!" Anti-German Violence in World War I-era Wisconsin (from History Matters, a project of the American Social History Project/Center for Media and Learning)
- "We Had to Be So Careful" A German Farmer's Recollections of Anti-German Sentiment in World War I (Oral history courtesy of Latah County Historical Society)
- Article from Der Spiegel 31/10.2006 on Polish–German Relations
- Article from Allan Hall in The Scotsman 11 July 2003: "Why do we still laugh at Germany?"
- Newspaper articles from 1918, describing the lynching of Robert Prager in Collinsville, Illinois
- Bank weathered anti-German hysteria, Great Depression – Pantagraph (Bloomington, Illinois newspaper)
- German-language paper under suspicion during WW I – Pantagraph (Bloomington, Illinois newspaper)