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Characiformes: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Baris 1: Baris 1:
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Taxobox
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Albian|recent}}<ref name=nelson/>
| name = Characiformes
| image = Hydrocynus goliath.jpg
| image = Schmucksalmler (1).jpg
| image_caption = ''Hydrocynus goliath''
| image_caption = ''[[Hyphessobrycon bentosi]]''
| taxon = Characiformes
| temporal_range = {{Fossil range|Early Cretaceous|Recent}}
| authority = [[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1911
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| subdivision_ranks = Families
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| subphylum = [[Vertebrata]]
| classis = [[Actinopterygii]]
| superordo = [[Ostariophysi]]
| ordo = '''Characiformes'''
| ordo_authority = [[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1911
| subdivision_ranks = Famili
| subdivision = * [[Acestrorhynchidae]]
| subdivision = * [[Acestrorhynchidae]]
* [[Alestidae]]
* [[Alestidae]]
Baris 18: Baris 12:
* [[Chalceidae]]
* [[Chalceidae]]
* [[Characidae]]
* [[Characidae]]
* [[Chilodontidae]]
* [[Chilodontidae (fishes)|Chilodontidae]]
* [[Citharinidae]]
* [[Citharinidae]]
* [[Crenuchidae]]
* [[Crenuchidae]]
Baris 36: Baris 30:
* [[Tarumaniidae]]
* [[Tarumaniidae]]
* [[Triportheidae]]
* [[Triportheidae]]
* [[Salminopsidae]] (punah)
* [[Salminopsidae]] [[extinction|†]]
* [[Sorbinicharacidae]] (punah)
* [[Sorbinicharacidae]] [[extinction|†]]
| type_species = ''[[Glass headstander|Charax gibbosus]]''
| type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]
}}
}}
'''Characiformes''' merupakan sebuah ordo ikan bersirip kipas yang terdiri dari 18 famili dan lebih dari 2000 spesies ikan. Ikan-ikan seperti [[Piranha]], Tetra, Bawal Air Tawar, dan [[Ikan harimau]] termasuk ke dalam ordo ini<ref name=nelson>{{cite book | title = [[Fishes of the World]] | last = Nelson | first = Joseph, S. | publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | year = 2006 | isbn = 0-471-25031-7}}; Buckup P.A.: "Relationships of the Characidiinae and phylogeny of characiform fishes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)", ''Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes'', L.R. Malabarba, R.E. Reis, R.P. Vari, Z.M. Lucena, eds. (Porto Alegre: Edipucr) 1998:123-144.</ref>.

== Filogeni ==
Berikut adalah filogeni Characiformes hidup berdasarkan Betancur-Rodriguez ''dkk.'' 2017<ref>{{cite journal |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=17 |issue=162 |title=Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes |first=Ricardo |last=Betancur-Rodriguez |author2=Edward O. Wiley |author3=Gloria Arratia |author4=Arturo Acero |author5=Nicolas Bailly |author6=Masaki Miya |author7=Guillaume Lecointre |author8=Guillermo Ortí |edition=4 |doi=10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3 |year=2017 |page=162 |pmc=5501477 |pmid=28683774 |doi-access=free }}</ref> dan Nelson, Grande & Wilson 2016.<ref>{{cite book |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |title=Fishes of the World |first=Joseph S. |last=Nelson |author2=Terry C. Grande |author3=Mark V. H. Wilson |isbn=9781118342336 | edition=5th |year=2016}}</ref>
{{clade|{{clade
|label1=Citharinoidei
|1={{clade
|1=[[Distichodontidae]] <small>Günther 1864</small> [[File:Distichodus maculatus.jpg|70 px]]
|2=[[Citharinidae]] <small>Günther 1864</small> <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Citharinus citharus.jpg|70 px]]</span>
}}
|label2=Characoidei
|2={{clade
|label1=Crenuchoidea
|1=[[Crenuchidae]] <small>Günther 1864 sensu Froese & Pauly 2001</small>
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|label1=Alestioidea
|1={{clade
|1=[[Hepsetidae]] <small>Hubbs 1939</small> [[File:Hepsetus odoe.jpg|70 px]]
|2=[[Alestiidae]] <small>Cockerell 1910</small> <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Hydrocynus vittatus The fishes of the Nile (Pl. XVII) (6961607491).jpg|70 px]]</span>
}}
|label2=Erythrinoidea
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=[[Tarumaniidae]] <small>de Pinna et al. 2017</small>
|2=[[Erythrinidae]] <small>Valenciennes 1847</small> [[File:Hoplias malabaricus2.jpg|70 px]]
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=[[Serrasalmidae]] <small>Bleeker 1859</small> [[File:F de Castelnau-poissonsPl37 (Serrasalmus humeralis).jpg|70 px]]
|2={{clade
|1=[[Cynodontidae]] <small>Eigenmann 1903</small> <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Hydrolycus scomberoides.jpg|70 px]]</span>
|2=[[Hemiodontidae]] <small>Bleeker 1859</small> <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Hemiodus amazonum.jpg|70 px]]</span>
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1=[[Parodontidae]] <small>Eigenmann 1910</small>
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=[[Prochilodontidae]] <small>Eigenmann 1909</small> <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Prochilodus lineatus d'Orbigny.jpg|70 px]]</span>
|2={{clade
|1=[[Chilodontidae (fishes)|Chilodontidae]] <small>Eigenmann 1903</small>
|2=[[Curimatidae]] <small>Gill 1858</small> [[File:Potamorhina latior (white background).jpg|70 px]]
}}
}}
|2=[[Anostomidae]] <small>Günther 1864 sensu Nelson 1994</small> [[File:Leporinus fasciatus2.jpg|70 px]]
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
|label2=Characoidea
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=[[Ctenoluciidae]] <small>Schultz 1944</small>
|2=[[Lebiasinidae]] <small>Gill 1889</small>
}}
|2={{clade
|1=[[Chalceidae]] <small>Fowler 1958</small>
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=[[Iguanodectidae]] <small>Eigenmann 1909</small>
|2=[[Acestrorhynchidae]] <small>Eigenmann 1912</small>
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=[[Triportheidae]] <small>Fowler 1940</small> [[File:Triportheus angulatus (white background).jpg|70 px]]
|2={{clade
|1=[[Bryconidae]] <small>Eigenmann 1912</small> <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Brycon amazonicus de Castelnau.jpg|70 px]]</span>
|2=[[Gasteropelecidae]] <small>Bleeker 1859</small> <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Gasteropelecus maculatus SI.jpg|70 px]]</span>
}}
}}
|2=[[Characidae]] <small>Latreille 1825 sensu Buckup 1998</small> <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Exodon paradoxus Castelnau.jpg|70 px]]</span>
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}|style=font-size:100%;line-height:80%|label1=Characiformes}}


== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==

{{reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q217458}}

[[Kategori:Characiformes]]
[[Kategori:Actinopterygii]]


{{Ikan-stub}}

Revisi terkini sejak 8 Juni 2024 07.53

Characiformes Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Periode Albian–recent
[1]
Taksonomi
SuperkerajaanHolozoa
KerajaanAnimalia
FilumChordata
KelasActinopteri
OrdoCharaciformes Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Goodrich, 1909
Families

Characiformes merupakan sebuah ordo ikan bersirip kipas yang terdiri dari 18 famili dan lebih dari 2000 spesies ikan. Ikan-ikan seperti Piranha, Tetra, Bawal Air Tawar, dan Ikan harimau termasuk ke dalam ordo ini[1].

Berikut adalah filogeni Characiformes hidup berdasarkan Betancur-Rodriguez dkk. 2017[2] dan Nelson, Grande & Wilson 2016.[3]

Characiformes
Citharinoidei

Distichodontidae Günther 1864

Citharinidae Günther 1864

Characoidei
Crenuchoidea

Crenuchidae Günther 1864 sensu Froese & Pauly 2001

Alestioidea

Hepsetidae Hubbs 1939

Alestiidae Cockerell 1910

Erythrinoidea

Tarumaniidae de Pinna et al. 2017

Erythrinidae Valenciennes 1847

Serrasalmidae Bleeker 1859

Cynodontidae Eigenmann 1903

Hemiodontidae Bleeker 1859

Parodontidae Eigenmann 1910

Prochilodontidae Eigenmann 1909

Chilodontidae Eigenmann 1903

Curimatidae Gill 1858

Anostomidae Günther 1864 sensu Nelson 1994

Characoidea

Ctenoluciidae Schultz 1944

Lebiasinidae Gill 1889

Chalceidae Fowler 1958

Iguanodectidae Eigenmann 1909

Acestrorhynchidae Eigenmann 1912

Triportheidae Fowler 1940

Bryconidae Eigenmann 1912

Gasteropelecidae Bleeker 1859

Characidae Latreille 1825 sensu Buckup 1998

Referensi

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  1. ^ a b Nelson, Joseph, S. (2006). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-25031-7. ; Buckup P.A.: "Relationships of the Characidiinae and phylogeny of characiform fishes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)", Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes, L.R. Malabarba, R.E. Reis, R.P. Vari, Z.M. Lucena, eds. (Porto Alegre: Edipucr) 1998:123-144.
  2. ^ Betancur-Rodriguez, Ricardo; Edward O. Wiley; Gloria Arratia; Arturo Acero; Nicolas Bailly; Masaki Miya; Guillaume Lecointre; Guillermo Ortí (2017). "Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes". BMC Evolutionary Biology (edisi ke-4). 17 (162): 162. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMC 5501477alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 28683774. 
  3. ^ Nelson, Joseph S.; Terry C. Grande; Mark V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (edisi ke-5th). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118342336.