Pierrot: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi terkini sejak 12 Juni 2024 07.04

Pierrot (pengucapan bahasa Prancis: [pjɛʁo]) adalah sebuah karakter stok pantonim dan Commedia dell'Arte yang bermula dari kelompok para pemain akhir abad ketujuh belas yang tampil di Paris dan dikenal sebagai Comédie-Italienne; nama tersebut adalah sebuah hipokorisme dari kata Pierre (Petrus), melalui suffix -ot. Karakternya dalam budaya populer kontemporer—dalam puisi, fiksi, dan seni rupa, serta karya-karya panggung, layar lebar, dan balai konser—adalah seorang badut sedih, yang mengharapkan cinta terhadap Columbine, yang biasanya mematahkan hatinya dan berpaling ke Harlequin. Tampil tanpa topeng, dengan wajah yang diputihkan, ia memakai blus putih dengan kancing-kancing besar dan pantalon putih besar. Terkadang, ia tampil dengan sebuah collaret dan topi

Referensi

Adams, Jad (2002). Madder music, stronger wine: the life of Ernest Dowson, poet and decadent. London: Tauris Parke Paperbacks. ISBN 1860647146.
Andrews, Richard (2008). The Commedia dell'Arte of Flaminio Scala: A Translation and Analysis of 30 Scenarios. Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810862074.
Barberet, Vincent (1887). Lesage et le Théâtre de la Foire. Nancy: P. Sordoillet.
Bonnassies, Jules (1875). Les Spectacles forains et la Comédie-Française ... Paris: E. Dentu.
Bordet, Daniel (2003). Les 100 plus belles images de Pierrot. Paris: Musée Cointreau. ISBN 2952035113.
Brinkmann, Reinhold (1997). "The Fool as paradigm: Schoenberg's Pierrot Lunaire and the modern artist." In Boehmer, Konrad, ed. (1997). Schoenberg and Kandinsky: an historic encounter. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers. ISBN 9057020467.
Buttel, Robert (1967). Wallace Stevens: the making of Harmonium. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691061378.
Campardon, Emile (1877). Les Spectacles de la Foire ...: documents inédits recueillis aux archives nationales. 2 vols. Paris: Berger-Levrault et C^ie. Vol. I at Archive.org. Vol. II at Gallica Books.
Campardon, Emile (1880). Les Comédiens du roi de la troupe italienne pendant les deux derniers siècles: documents inédits recueillis aux archives nationales. 2 vols. Paris: Berger-Levrault et C^ie. Vols. I and II at Archive.org.
Carr, Andrew T. (March 1956). "Pierrot Grenade". Caribbean Quarterly. 4 (3/4): 281–314.
Champfleury (Jules-François-Félix Husson, called Fleury, called) (1859). Souvenirs des Funambules. Paris: Lévy Frères.
Chaplin, Charles (1966). My autobiography. New York: Pocket Books.
Clayton, J. Douglas (1993). Pierrot in Petrograd: Commedia dell’Arte/Balagan in twentieth-century Russian theatre and drama. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 0773511369.
Cosdon, Mark (2010). The Hanlon Brothers: from daredevil acrobatics to spectacle pantomime, 1833–1931. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 0809329255.
Courville, Xavier de (1943–1958). Luigi Riccoboni dit Lélio (un apôtre de l'art du théâtre au XVIII^e siècle). 3 vols. Paris: L' Arche.
Craig, Edward Gordon (1912). "The Actor and the Über-Marionette". On the art of the theatre. London: William Heinemann.
Deutsch, Otto Erich (1966). Mozart: a documentary biography. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0713603798.
Dick, Daniella (2013). "'Marked you that?': Stephen Dedalus, Pierrot". In Ferrer, Daniel, Sam Slote, and André Topia, eds. (2013). Renascent Joyce. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida. hlm. 69–80. ISBN 978-0-8130-4245-9.
Disher, M. Willson (1925). Clowns and pantomimes. London: Constable.
Duchartre, Pierre-Louis (1929). The Italian Comedy. Diterjemahkan oleh Weaver, Randolph T. London: George G. Harrap and Co., Ltd.
Dunsby, Jonathan (1992). Schoenberg: Pierrot Lunaire (Cambridge Music Handbooks). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521387159.
Findlater, Richard (1978). Joe Grimaldi, his life and theatre. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521222214.
Fournier, Edouard (1885). Etudes sur la vie et les oeuvres de Molière .... Paris: Laplace, Sanchez et C^ie.
Gautier, Théophile (1858–1859). Histoire de l'art dramatique en France depuis vingt-cinq ans. 6 vols. Paris: Edition Hetzel.
Gherardi, Evaristo, ed. (1721). Le Théâtre Italien de Gherardi ou le Recueil général de toutes les comédies et scènes françoises jouées par les Comédiens Italiens du Roy ... 6 vols. Amsterdam: Michel Charles le Cene. Vols. I, II, III, IV, V, and VI at Google Books.
Giraud, Albert (2001). Albert Giraud's "Pierrot lunaire". Diterjemahkan oleh Richter, Gregory C. Kirksville, MO: Truman State University Press. ISBN 1-931112-02-9.
Green, Martin & Swan, John (1993). The Triumph of Pierrot: the Commedia dell’Arte and the modern imagination. New ed. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 002545420X.
Gueullette, T.-S. (1938). Notes et souvenirs sur le Théâtre-Italien au XVIII^e siècle. Pub. J.-E. Gueullette. Paris: E. Droz.
Hall, Michael (2015). Music theatre in Britain, 1960-1975. Woodbridge, UK: The Boydell Press. ISBN 1783270128.
Janin, Jules (1881). Deburau, histoire du Théâtre à Quatre Sous pour faire suite à l'histoire du Théâtre-Français. 1832. Rpt. in 1 vol, Paris: Librairie des Bibliophiles.
Kellein, Thomas (1995). Pierrot: Melancholie und Maske. Munich: Prestel. ISBN 3791314351.
Kerrigan, Michael (2015). Gustav Klimt, art nouveau, and the Vienna secessionists. London: Flame Tree Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78361-608-4.
Klingler, Oskar (1902). Die Comédie-Italienne in Paris nach der Sammlung von Gherardi. Strassburg: K.J. Trübner.
Lawner, Lynne (1998). Harlequin on the moon: commedia dell'arte and the visual arts. New York: H.N. Abrams. ISBN 0-8109-1194-9.
Lesage, Alain-René, and Dorneval (1724–1737). Le Théâtre de la Foire ou l'Opéra-Comique, contenant les meilleures pièces qui ont été représentées aux Foires de S. Germain & de S. Laurent. 10 vols. Paris: Pierre Gandouin.
Maindron, Ernest (1896). Les Affiches illustrées (1886–1895). Paris: Boudet.
Margolin, Victor (1975). American poster renaissance. New York: Castle Books.
Marsh, Roger (2007a). "'A multicoloured alphabet': rediscovering Albert Giraud's Pierrot Lunaire". Twentieth-Century Music. 4 (1: March): 97–121.
Marsh, Roger (2007b). "The Translations." In booklet accompanying CDs: Roger Marsh—Albert Giraud's Pierrot lunaire, fifty rondels bergamasques. With The Hilliard Ensemble, Red Byrd, Juice, Ebor Singers & Paul Gameson director, Linda Hirst, Joe Marsh narrator. NMC Recordings: Cat. No. NMC D127.
Meldolesi, Claudio (1969). Gli Sticotti: comici italiani nei teatri d'Europa del Settecento. Rome: Edizioni di storia e letteratura. ISBN 8884987687.
Merrill, Stuart, tr. (1890). Pastels in Prose. Introduction by William Dean Howells. New York: Harper & Brothers.
Mic, Constant (1927). La Commedia dell'Arte, ou le théâtre des comédiens italiens des XVI^e, XVII^e & XVIII^e siècles. Paris: J. Schiffrin.
Millay, Edna St. Vincent (1921). Aria da Capo. New York: Mitchell Kennerley.
Moore, Marianne (2005). Schulman, Grace, ed. The Poems of Marianne Moore. London: Penguin Classics. ISBN 0-14-303908-3.
Muddiman, Bernard (1921). The Men of the Nineties. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
Muñoz Fernández, Ángel (2001). Bernardo Couto Castillo. Cuentos completos. México City: Factoría Ediciones.
Nicoll, Allardyce (1931). Masks, mimes and miracles. London: Harrap & Co.
Nicoll, Allardyce (1963). The World of Harlequin: a critical study of the commedia dell'arte. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Nouveau Théâtre Italien (Le) ou Recueil général des comédies représentées par les Comédiens Italiens ordinaries du Roi (1753). 10 vols. Paris: Briasson.
Oreglia, Giacomo (1968) [1961]. The Commedia dell'Arte. Diterjemahkan oleh Edwards, Lovett F. Originally published in Italian; revised in 1964. New York: Hill and Wang. ISBN 9780809005451.
Palacio, Jean de (1990). Pierrot fin-de-siècle, ou, Les Métamorphoses d'un masque. Paris: Séguier. ISBN 287736089X.
Pandolfi, Vito (1957–1969). La Commedia dell’Arte, storia e testo. 6 vols. Florence: Sansoni Antiquariato.
Parfaict, François and Claude, and Godin d'Abguerbe (1767). Dictionnaire des Théâtres de Paris ... Vol. 3. Paris: Rozet.
Péricaud, Louis (1897). Le Théâtre des Funambules, ses mimes, ses acteurs et ses pantomimes ... Paris: Sapin.
Peral Vega, Emilio (2015). Pierrot/Lorca: white carnival of black desire. Woodbridge, Suffolk, Eng.: Tamesis Books. ISBN 1855662965.
Pertwee, Bill (1979). Pertwee's promenades and Pierrots: one hundred years of seaside entertainment. Newton Abbot (Eng.): Westbridge Books. ISBN 0715377949.
Piron, Alexis (1928–1931). Œuvres complètes illustrées. Pub. Pierre Dufay. 10 vols. Paris: F. Guillot.
Régnier, Gérard (2004). The great parade: portrait of the artist as clown. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300103751.
Rémy, Tristan (1954). Jean-Gaspard Deburau. Paris: L’Arche.
Rémy, Tristan (1964). George Wague: Le Mime de la Belle Epoque. Paris: Girard.
Ritter, Naomi (1989). Art as spectacle: images of the entertainer since Romanticism. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press. ISBN 0826207197.
Robert, Grace (1946). The Borzoi Book of Ballets. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Rolfe, Bari (1978). "Magic century of French mime". Mime, mask & marionette: a quarterly journal of performing arts. 1 (3: fall): 135-58.
Rudlin, John (1994). Commedia dell'Arte: an actor's handbook. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-04770-6.
Salerno, Henry F., tr. (1967). Scenarios of the Commedia dell’Arte: Flaminio Scala's Il teatro delle favole rappresentative. New York: New York University Press.
Sand, Maurice (Jean-François-Maurice-Arnauld, Baron Dudevant, called) (1915). The History of the Harlequinade [orig. Masques et bouffons. 2 vols. Paris: Michel Lévy Frères, 1860]. Philadelphia: Lippincott.
Sarabia, Rosa (Fall 1987). "Dario y Lugones: dos visiones modernistas de Pierrot". Latin American Theatre Review. 21 (1): 75–83.
Sensibar, Judith L. (1984). The Origins of Faulkner's art. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0292790201.
Séverin (Séverin Cafferra, called) (1929). L’Homme Blanc: souvenirs d'un Pierrot. Introduction et notes par Gustave Fréjaville. Paris: Plon.
Starobinski, Jean (1970). Portrait de l'artiste en saltimbanque. Geneva: Skira.
Stevenson, Helen (1995). Pierrot Lunaire. London: Hodder and Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-61823-X.
Storey, Robert F. (1978a). Pierrot: a critical history of a mask. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-06374-5.
Storey, Robert (Fall 1978). ""Shakespeare at the Funambules: a translation of Théophile Gautier's 'Shakspeare aux Funambules' and a commentary". Mime, mask & marionette: a quarterly journal of performing arts. 1 (3): 159–79.
Storey, Robert (1985). Pierrots on the stage of desire: nineteenth-century French literary artists and the comic pantomime. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-06628-0.
Švehla, Jaroslav (1977). "Jean Gaspard Deburau: the immortal Pierrot." Tr. Paul Wilson. Mime Journal: 5. (This journal-length article is a translated condensation of Švehla's book-length study Deburau, nieśmiertelny Pierrot [Prague: Melantrich, 1976].)
Taupin, René (1929). L'Influence du symbolisme français sur la poésie américaine (de 1910 à 1920). Paris: H. Champion.
Wague, Georges (1913). La Pantomime moderne, conférence prononcé le 19 janvier 1913, dans la salle de l'Université Populaire. Paris: Editions de l'Université Populaire.
Wilentz, Sean (2010). Bob Dylan in America. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-52988-4.

Bacaan tambahan

Baugé, Isabelle, ed. (1995). Pantomimes [par Champfleury, Gautier, Nodier et MM. Anonyme]. Paris: Cicero. ISBN 2908369176.
Goby, Emile, ed. (1889). Pantomimes de Gaspard et Ch. Deburau. Paris: Dentu.
Hugounet, Paul (1889). Mimes et Pierrots: notes et documents inédits pour servir à l'histoire de la pantomime. Paris: Fischbacher.
Jones, Louisa E. (1984). Sad clowns and pale Pierrots: literature and the popular comic arts in 19th-century France. Lexington, KY: French Forum Publishers. ISBN 0917058488.
Larcher, Félix and Eugène, eds. (1887). Pantomimes de Paul Legrand. Paris: Librairie Théàtrale.
Sentenac, Paul. (1923). Pierrot et les artistes: mémoires de l'Ami Pierrot. Paris: Sansot, Chiberre.
Sund, Judy (2016). "Why So Sad? Watteau's Pierrots". The Art Bulletin. 98 (3): 321–47.

Pranala luar

@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
 {{other uses}}
-[[Berkas:Paul Legrand by Nadar c1855.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Paul Legrand]] berperan menjadi Pierrot pada sekitar tahun 1855.  Foto buatan [[Nadar (fotografer)|Nadar]].]]
+[[Berkas:Paul Legrand by Nadar c1855.jpg|jmpl|250px|[[Paul Legrand]] berperan menjadi Pierrot pada sekitar tahun 1855. Foto buatan [[Nadar (fotografer)|Nadar]].]]
-'''Pierrot''' ({{IPA-fr|pjɛʁo}}) adalah sebuah [[karakter stok]] [[pantonim]] dan [[Commedia dell'Arte]] yang bermula dari kelompok para pemain akhir abad ketujuh belas yang tampil di Paris dan dikenal sebagai [[Comédie-Italienne]]; nama tersebut adalah sebuah [[hipokorisme]] dari kata ''Pierre'' (Petrus), melalui suffix ''[[wikt:en:-ot#Perancis|-ot]].'' Karakternya dalam budaya populer kontemporer—dalam puisi, fiksi, dan seni rupa, serta karya-karya panggung, layar lebar, dan balai konser—adalah seorang badut sedih, yang mengharapkan cinta terhadap [[Columbina|Columbine]], yang biasanya mematahkan hatinya dan berpaling ke [[Harlequin]]. Tampil tanpa topeng, dengan wajah yang diputihkan, ia memakai blus putih dengan kancing-kancing besar dan pantalon putih besar. Terkadang, ia tampil dengan sebuah [[collaret]] dan topi
+'''Pierrot''' ({{IPA-fr|pjɛʁo}}) adalah sebuah [[karakter stok]] [[pantonim]] dan [[Commedia dell'Arte]] yang bermula dari kelompok para pemain akhir abad ketujuh belas yang tampil di [[Paris]] dan dikenal sebagai [[Comédie-Italienne]]; nama tersebut adalah sebuah [[hipokorisme]] dari kata ''Pierre'' (Petrus), melalui suffix ''[[wikt:en:-ot#Prancis|-ot]].'' Karakternya dalam budaya populer kontemporer—dalam [[puisi]], fiksi, dan seni rupa, serta karya-karya panggung, layar lebar, dan balai konser—adalah seorang badut sedih, yang mengharapkan cinta terhadap [[Columbina|Columbine]], yang biasanya mematahkan hatinya dan berpaling ke [[Harlequin]]. Tampil tanpa topeng, dengan wajah yang diputihkan, ia memakai blus putih dengan kancing-kancing besar dan pantalon putih besar. Terkadang, ia tampil dengan sebuah [[collaret]] dan topi
-==Referensi==
+== Referensi ==
-*{{Cite book |last=Adams|first=Jad |title=Madder music, stronger wine: the life of Ernest Dowson, poet and decadent |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks |location=London |year=2002 |pages= |isbn=1860647146 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=|ref=harv}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Adams|first=Jad |title=Madder music, stronger wine: the life of Ernest Dowson, poet and decadent |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks |location=London |year=2002 |pages= |isbn=1860647146 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=|ref=harv}}
-*{{cite book|last=Andrews|first=Richard|year=2008|title=The Commedia dell'Arte of Flaminio Scala: A Translation and Analysis of 30 Scenarios|location=Lanham, Maryland|publisher=The Scarecrow Press|isbn=9780810862074}}
+* {{cite book|last=Andrews|first=Richard|year=2008|title=The Commedia dell'Arte of Flaminio Scala: A Translation and Analysis of 30 Scenarios|location=Lanham, Maryland|publisher=The Scarecrow Press|isbn=9780810862074}}
-*{{cite book|last=Barberet|first=Vincent|year=1887|title=Lesage et le Th&eacute;&acirc;tre de la Foire|location=Nancy|publisher=P. Sordoillet}}
+* {{cite book|last=Barberet|first=Vincent|year=1887|title=Lesage et le Théâtre de la Foire|location=Nancy|publisher=P. Sordoillet}}
-*{{cite book|last=Bonnassies|first=Jules|year=1875|title=Les Spectacles forains et la Comédie-Française ...|location=Paris|publisher=E. Dentu}}
+* {{cite book|last=Bonnassies|first=Jules|year=1875|title=Les Spectacles forains et la Comédie-Française ...|location=Paris|publisher=E. Dentu}}
-*{{Cite book |last=Bordet|first=Daniel |title=Les 100 plus belles images de Pierrot |publisher=Mus&eacute;e Cointreau |location=Paris |year=2003 |pages= |isbn=2952035113 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Bordet|first=Daniel |title=Les 100 plus belles images de Pierrot |publisher=Musée Cointreau |location=Paris |year=2003 |pages= |isbn=2952035113 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}
-*[[Reinhold Brinkmann|Brinkmann, Reinhold]] (1997). "The Fool as paradigm: Schoenberg's ''Pierrot Lunaire'' and the modern artist." In {{Cite book |author=Boehmer, Konrad, ed. |title=Schoenberg and Kandinsky: an historic encounter |publisher=Harwood Academic Publishers |location=Amsterdam |year=1997 |pages= |isbn=9057020467 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}
+* [[Reinhold Brinkmann|Brinkmann, Reinhold]] (1997). "The Fool as paradigm: Schoenberg's ''Pierrot Lunaire'' and the modern artist." In {{Cite book |author=Boehmer, Konrad, ed. |title=Schoenberg and Kandinsky: an historic encounter |publisher=Harwood Academic Publishers |location=Amsterdam |year=1997 |pages= |isbn=9057020467 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}
-*{{Cite book |last=Buttel|first=Robert |title=Wallace Stevens: the making of ''Harmonium'' |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, NJ |year=1967 |pages= |isbn=0691061378 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate= }}
+* {{Cite book |last=Buttel|first=Robert |title=Wallace Stevens: the making of ''Harmonium'' |url=https://archive.org/details/wallacestevensma0000butt|publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, NJ |year=1967 |pages= |isbn=0691061378 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate= }}
-*Campardon, Emile (1877). ''Les Spectacles de la Foire ...: documents inédits recueillis aux archives nationales''. 2 vols. Paris: Berger-Levrault et C<sup>ie</sup>.  Vol. [https://archive.org/details/lesspectaclesde00campgoog I] at Archive.org.  Vol. [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k108375m II] at Gallica Books.
+* Campardon, Emile (1877). ''Les Spectacles de la Foire ...: documents inédits recueillis aux archives nationales''. 2 vols. Paris: Berger-Levrault et C<sup>ie</sup>. Vol. [https://archive.org/details/lesspectaclesde00campgoog I] at Archive.org. Vol. [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k108375m II] at Gallica Books.
-*Campardon, Emile (1880). ''Les Comédiens du roi de la troupe italienne pendant les deux derniers siècles: documents inédits recueillis aux archives nationales''. 2 vols. Paris: Berger-Levrault et C<sup>ie</sup>. Vols.  [https://archive.org/stream/comediensduroi01camp#page/n11/mode/2up I] and [https://archive.org/details/lescomdiensduro02campgoog II] at Archive.org.
+* Campardon, Emile (1880). ''Les Comédiens du roi de la troupe italienne pendant les deux derniers siècles: documents inédits recueillis aux archives nationales''. 2 vols. Paris: Berger-Levrault et C<sup>ie</sup>. Vols. [https://archive.org/stream/comediensduroi01camp#page/n11/mode/2up I] and [https://archive.org/details/lescomdiensduro02campgoog II] at Archive.org.
-*{{cite journal|last=Carr|first=Andrew T.|date= March 1956|title=Pierrot Grenade|journal=Caribbean Quarterly|volume=4|issue=3/4|pages=281–314|ref=harv}}
+* {{cite journal|last=Carr|first=Andrew T.|date= March 1956|title=Pierrot Grenade|journal=Caribbean Quarterly|volume=4|issue=3/4|pages=281–314|ref=harv}}
-*[https://archive.org/details/souvenirsdefuna00chamgoog Champfleury (Jules-François-Félix Husson, called Fleury, called) (1859). ''Souvenirs des Funambules''. Paris: Lévy Frères.]
+* [https://archive.org/details/souvenirsdefuna00chamgoog Champfleury (Jules-François-Félix Husson, called Fleury, called) (1859). ''Souvenirs des Funambules''. Paris: Lévy Frères.]
-*{{cite book|last=Chaplin|first=Charles|author-link=Charlie Chaplin|year=1966|title=My autobiography|location=New York|publisher=[[Pocket Books]]|ref=harv}}
+* {{cite book|last=Chaplin|first=Charles|author-link=Charlie Chaplin|year=1966|title=My autobiography|url=https://archive.org/details/myautobiographyi00chap|location=New York|publisher=[[Pocket Books]]|ref=harv}}
-*{{Cite book |last=Clayton|first=J. Douglas |title=Pierrot in Petrograd: Commedia dell’Arte/''Balagan'' in twentieth-century Russian theatre and drama |publisher=[[McGill-Queen's University Press]] |location=Montreal |year=1993 |pages= |isbn=0773511369 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=|ref=harv}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Clayton|first=J. Douglas |title=Pierrot in Petrograd: Commedia dell’Arte/''Balagan'' in twentieth-century Russian theatre and drama |url=https://archive.org/details/pierrotinpetrogr0000clay|publisher=[[McGill-Queen's University Press]] |location=Montreal |year=1993 |pages= |isbn=0773511369 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=|ref=harv}}
-*{{Cite book |last=Cosdon|first=Mark |title=The Hanlon Brothers: from daredevil acrobatics to spectacle pantomime, 1833–1931 |publisher=Southern Illinois University Press |location=Carbondale, IL |year=2010 |pages= |isbn=0809329255 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate= }}
+* {{Cite book |last=Cosdon|first=Mark |title=The Hanlon Brothers: from daredevil acrobatics to spectacle pantomime, 1833–1931 |url=https://archive.org/details/hanlonbrothersfr0000cosd|publisher=Southern Illinois University Press |location=Carbondale, IL |year=2010 |pages= |isbn=0809329255 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate= }}
-*{{cite book|last=Courville|first=Xavier de|year=1943–1958|title=Luigi Riccoboni dit Lélio (un ap&ocirc;tre de l'art du théâtre au XVIII<sup>e</sup> siècle)|volume=3 vols.|location=Paris|publisher=L' Arche}}
+* {{cite book|last=Courville|first=Xavier de|year=1943–1958|title=Luigi Riccoboni dit Lélio (un apôtre de l'art du théâtre au XVIII<sup>e</sup> siècle)|volume=3 vols.|location=Paris|publisher=L' Arche}}
-*{{cite book|last=Craig|first=Edward Gordon|author-link=Edward Gordon Craig|year=1912|chapter=The Actor and the Über-Marionette|title=On the art of the theatre|location=London|publisher=William Heinemann}}
+* {{cite book|last=Craig|first=Edward Gordon|author-link=Edward Gordon Craig|year=1912|chapter=The Actor and the Über-Marionette|title=On the art of the theatre|url=https://archive.org/details/onartoftheatre00craiuoft|location=London|publisher=William Heinemann}}
-*{{Cite book |last=Deutsch|first=Otto Erich |title=Mozart: a documentary biography |publisher=Stanford University Press |location=Stanford, CA |year=1966 |pages= |isbn=0713603798 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=|ref=harv}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Deutsch|first=Otto Erich |title=Mozart: a documentary biography |url=https://archive.org/details/mozartdocumentar0000deut_i1h0|publisher=Stanford University Press |location=Stanford, CA |year=1966 |pages= |isbn=0713603798 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=|ref=harv}}
-*Dick, Daniella (2013).  "'Marked you that?': Stephen Dedalus, Pierrot".  In {{Cite book |author=Ferrer, Daniel, Sam Slote, and André Topia, eds. |title=Renascent Joyce |publisher=University Press of Florida |location=Gainesville, FL |year=2013 |pages=69–80 |isbn=978-0-8130-4245-9 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}
+* Dick, Daniella (2013). "'Marked you that?': Stephen Dedalus, Pierrot". In {{Cite book |author=Ferrer, Daniel, Sam Slote, and André Topia, eds. |title=Renascent Joyce |publisher=University Press of Florida |location=Gainesville, FL |year=2013 |pages=69–80 |isbn=978-0-8130-4245-9 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}
-*{{cite book|last=Disher|first=M. Willson|year=1925|title=Clowns and pantomimes|location=London|publisher=Constable|ref=harv}}
+* {{cite book|last=Disher|first=M. Willson|year=1925|title=Clowns and pantomimes|location=London|publisher=Constable|ref=harv}}
-*{{cite book|last=Duchartre|first=Pierre-Louis|year=1929|title=The Italian Comedy|translator-last=Weaver|translator-first=Randolph T.|location=London|publisher=George G. Harrap and Co., Ltd.}}
+* {{cite book|last=Duchartre|first=Pierre-Louis|year=1929|title=The Italian Comedy|translator-last=Weaver|translator-first=Randolph T.|location=London|publisher=George G. Harrap and Co., Ltd.}}
-*{{Cite book|last=Dunsby|first=Jonathan |title=Schoenberg: Pierrot Lunaire (Cambridge Music Handbooks) |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |year=1992 |pages= |isbn=0521387159 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}
+* {{Cite book|last=Dunsby|first=Jonathan |title=Schoenberg: Pierrot Lunaire (Cambridge Music Handbooks) |url=https://archive.org/details/schoenbergpierro00duns|publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |year=1992 |pages= |isbn=0521387159 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}
-*{{Cite book |last=Findlater|first=Richard|author-link=Richard Findlater|title=Joe Grimaldi, his life and theatre |publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, Eng. |year=1978 |pages= |isbn=0521222214 |oclc= |doi= |ref=harv|accessdate= }}
+* {{Cite book |last=Findlater|first=Richard|author-link=Richard Findlater|title=Joe Grimaldi, his life and theatre |url=https://archive.org/details/joegrimaldihisli0000find_b6g0|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, Eng. |year=1978 |pages= |isbn=0521222214 |oclc= |doi= |ref=harv|accessdate= }}
-*[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2013692/f1.image Fournier, Edouard (1885).  ''Etudes sur la vie et les oeuvres de Moli&egrave;re ...''.  Paris: Laplace, Sanchez et C<sup>ie</sup>.]
+* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2013692/f1.image Fournier, Edouard (1885). ''Etudes sur la vie et les oeuvres de Molière ...''. Paris: Laplace, Sanchez et C<sup>ie</sup>.]
-*Gautier, Théophile (1858–1859). ''Histoire de l'art dramatique en France depuis vingt-cinq ans.'' 6 vols. Paris: Edition Hetzel.
+* Gautier, Théophile (1858–1859). ''Histoire de l'art dramatique en France depuis vingt-cinq ans.'' 6 vols. Paris: Edition Hetzel.
-*Gherardi, Evaristo, ed. (1721). ''Le Théâtre Italien de Gherardi ou le Recueil général de toutes les comédies et scènes françoises jouées par les Comédiens Italiens du Roy ...'' 6 vols. Amsterdam: Michel Charles le Cene.  Vols. [https://books.google.com/books?id=vDg0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PP9 I], [https://books.google.com/books?id=AzM0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PP9 II], [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZDM0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PP11 III], [https://books.google.com/books?id=6jM0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PP9 IV], [https://books.google.com/books?id=UzQ0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PP9 V], and [https://books.google.com/books?id=zDQ0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PP9 VI] at Google Books.
+* Gherardi, Evaristo, ed. (1721). ''Le Théâtre Italien de Gherardi ou le Recueil général de toutes les comédies et scènes françoises jouées par les Comédiens Italiens du Roy ...'' 6 vols. Amsterdam: Michel Charles le Cene. Vols. [https://books.google.com/books?id=vDg0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PP9 I], [https://books.google.com/books?id=AzM0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PP9 II], [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZDM0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PP11 III], [https://books.google.com/books?id=6jM0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PP9 IV], [https://books.google.com/books?id=UzQ0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PP9 V], and [https://books.google.com/books?id=zDQ0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PP9 VI] at Google Books.
-*{{Cite book |last=Giraud|first=Albert|translator-last=Richter|translator-first=Gregory C.|title=Albert Giraud's "Pierrot lunaire" |publisher=Truman State University Press |location=Kirksville, MO |year=2001 |pages= | isbn =1-931112-02-9 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Giraud|first=Albert|translator-last=Richter|translator-first=Gregory C.|title=Albert Giraud's "Pierrot lunaire" |url=https://archive.org/details/albertgiraudspie0000gira|publisher=Truman State University Press |location=Kirksville, MO |year=2001 |pages= | isbn =1-931112-02-9 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}
-*{{Cite book |last1=Green|first1=Martin |last2=Swan|first2=John|lastauthoramp=yes |title=The Triumph of Pierrot: the Commedia dell’Arte and the modern imagination. ''New ed'' |publisher=[[Pennsylvania State University Press]] |location=University Park, PA |year=1993 |pages= |isbn=002545420X |oclc= |doi= |accessdate= }}
+* {{Cite book |last1=Green|first1=Martin |last2=Swan|first2=John|lastauthoramp=yes |title=The Triumph of Pierrot: the Commedia dell’Arte and the modern imagination. ''New ed'' |url=https://archive.org/details/triumphofpierrot0000gree|publisher=[[Pennsylvania State University Press]] |location=University Park, PA |year=1993 |pages= |isbn=002545420X |oclc= |doi= |accessdate= }}
-*Gueullette, T.-S. (1938). ''Notes et souvenirs sur le Théâtre-Italien au XVIII<sup>e</sup> siècle''. Pub. J.-E. Gueullette. Paris: E. Droz.
+* Gueullette, T.-S. (1938). ''Notes et souvenirs sur le Théâtre-Italien au XVIII<sup>e</sup> siècle''. Pub. J.-E. Gueullette. Paris: E. Droz.
-*{{Cite book |last=Hall|first=Michael |title=Music theatre in Britain, 1960-1975 |publisher=The Boydell Press |location=Woodbridge, UK |year=2015 |pages= |isbn=1783270128 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=|ref=harv}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Hall|first=Michael |title=Music theatre in Britain, 1960-1975 |publisher=The Boydell Press |location=Woodbridge, UK |year=2015 |pages= |isbn=1783270128 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=|ref=harv}}
-*[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k204330f Janin, Jules (1881). ''Deburau, histoire du Théâtre à Quatre Sous pour faire suite à l'histoire du Théâtre-Français''. 1832. Rpt. in 1 vol, Paris: Librairie des Bibliophiles.]
+* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k204330f Janin, Jules (1881). ''Deburau, histoire du Théâtre à Quatre Sous pour faire suite à l'histoire du Théâtre-Français''. 1832. Rpt. in 1 vol, Paris: Librairie des Bibliophiles.]
-*{{Cite book |last=Kellein|first=Thomas |title=Pierrot: Melancholie und Maske |publisher=Prestel |location=Munich |year=1995 |pages= |isbn=3791314351 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate= }}
+* {{Cite book |last=Kellein|first=Thomas |title=Pierrot: Melancholie und Maske |publisher=Prestel |location=Munich |year=1995 |pages= |isbn=3791314351 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate= }}
-*{{Cite book |last=Kerrigan|first=Michael |title=Gustav Klimt, art nouveau, and the Vienna secessionists |publisher=Flame Tree Publishing |location=London |year=2015 |pages= |isbn=978-1-78361-608-4 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=|ref=harv}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Kerrigan|first=Michael |title=Gustav Klimt, art nouveau, and the Vienna secessionists |publisher=Flame Tree Publishing |location=London |year=2015 |pages= |isbn=978-1-78361-608-4 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=|ref=harv}}
-*{{cite book|last=Klingler|first=Oskar|year=1902|title=Die Com&eacute;die-Italienne in Paris nach der Sammlung von Gherardi|location=Strassburg|publisher=K.J. Trübner}}
+* {{cite book|last=Klingler|first=Oskar|year=1902|title=Die Comédie-Italienne in Paris nach der Sammlung von Gherardi|url=https://archive.org/details/diecomdieitalie00klingoog|location=Strassburg|publisher=K.J. Trübner}}
-*{{Cite book |last=Lawner|first=Lynne |title=Harlequin on the moon: commedia dell'arte and the visual arts |publisher=H.N. Abrams |location=New York |year=1998 |pages= |isbn=0-8109-1194-9 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Lawner|first=Lynne |title=Harlequin on the moon: commedia dell'arte and the visual arts |url=https://archive.org/details/harlequinonmoonc0000lawn|publisher=H.N. Abrams |location=New York |year=1998 |pages= |isbn=0-8109-1194-9 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}
-*Lesage, Alain-René, and Dorneval (1724–1737). ''Le Théâtre de la Foire ou l'Opéra-Comique, contenant les meilleures pièces qui ont été représentées aux Foires de S. Germain & de S. Laurent.'' 10 vols. Paris: Pierre Gandouin.
+* Lesage, Alain-René, and Dorneval (1724–1737). ''Le Théâtre de la Foire ou l'Opéra-Comique, contenant les meilleures pièces qui ont été représentées aux Foires de S. Germain & de S. Laurent.'' 10 vols. Paris: Pierre Gandouin.
-*{{cite book|last=Maindron|first=Ernest|year=1896|title=Les Affiches illustrées (1886–1895)|location=Paris|publisher=Boudet}}
+* {{cite book|last=Maindron|first=Ernest|year=1896|title=Les Affiches illustrées (1886–1895)|url=https://archive.org/details/lesaffichesillus00main|location=Paris|publisher=Boudet}}
-*{{cite book|last=Margolin|first=Victor|year=1975|title=American poster renaissance|location=New York|publisher=Castle Books}}
+* {{cite book|last=Margolin|first=Victor|year=1975|title=American poster renaissance|location=New York|publisher=Castle Books}}
-*Marsh, Roger (2007a). "'A multicoloured alphabet': rediscovering Albert Giraud's ''Pierrot Lunaire''". ''Twentieth-Century Music''. '''4''' (1: March): 97–121.
+* Marsh, Roger (2007a). "'A multicoloured alphabet': rediscovering Albert Giraud's ''Pierrot Lunaire''". ''Twentieth-Century Music''. '''4''' (1: March): 97–121.
-*Marsh, Roger (2007b). "The Translations." In booklet accompanying CDs: ''Roger Marsh—Albert Giraud's'' Pierrot lunaire, ''fifty rondels bergamasques''. With The Hilliard Ensemble, Red Byrd, Juice, Ebor Singers & Paul Gameson ''director'', Linda Hirst, Joe Marsh ''narrator''. NMC Recordings: Cat. No. NMC D127.
+* Marsh, Roger (2007b). "The Translations." In booklet accompanying CDs: ''Roger Marsh—Albert Giraud's'' Pierrot lunaire, ''fifty rondels bergamasques''. With The Hilliard Ensemble, Red Byrd, Juice, Ebor Singers & Paul Gameson ''director'', Linda Hirst, Joe Marsh ''narrator''. NMC Recordings: Cat. No. NMC D127.
-*{{Cite book |last=Meldolesi|first=Claudio |title=Gli Sticotti: comici italiani nei teatri d'Europa del Settecento |publisher=Edizioni di storia e letteratura |location=Rome |year=1969 |pages= |isbn=8884987687 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate= }}
+* {{Cite book |last=Meldolesi|first=Claudio |title=Gli Sticotti: comici italiani nei teatri d'Europa del Settecento |publisher=Edizioni di storia e letteratura |location=Rome |year=1969 |pages= |isbn=8884987687 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate= }}
-*[https://archive.org/stream/pastelsinprose00merrgoog#page/n4/mode/2up Merrill, Stuart, tr. (1890). ''Pastels in Prose''. Introduction by William Dean Howells. New York: Harper & Brothers.]
+* [https://archive.org/stream/pastelsinprose00merrgoog#page/n4/mode/2up Merrill, Stuart, tr. (1890). ''Pastels in Prose''. Introduction by William Dean Howells. New York: Harper & Brothers.]
-*{{cite book|last=Mic|first=Constant|year=1927|title=La Commedia dell'Arte, ou le théâtre des comédiens italiens des XVI<sup>e</sup>, XVII<sup>e</sup> & XVIII<sup>e</sup> siècles|location=Paris|publisher=J. Schiffrin}}
+* {{cite book|last=Mic|first=Constant|year=1927|title=La Commedia dell'Arte, ou le théâtre des comédiens italiens des XVI<sup>e</sup>, XVII<sup>e</sup> & XVIII<sup>e</sup> siècles|location=Paris|publisher=J. Schiffrin}}
-*[https://archive.org/stream/ariadecapoplay00millrich#page/n7/mode/2up Millay, Edna St. Vincent (1921).  ''Aria da Capo''.  New York: Mitchell Kennerley.]
+* [https://archive.org/stream/ariadecapoplay00millrich#page/n7/mode/2up Millay, Edna St. Vincent (1921). ''Aria da Capo''. New York: Mitchell Kennerley.]
-*{{Cite book |last=Moore|first=Marianne|editor-last=Schulman|editor-first=Grace|title=The Poems of Marianne Moore |publisher=Penguin Classics |location=London |year=2005 |pages= |isbn=0-14-303908-3 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Moore|first=Marianne|editor-last=Schulman|editor-first=Grace|title=The Poems of Marianne Moore |url=https://archive.org/details/poemsofmariannem0000moor_v7q1|publisher=Penguin Classics |location=London |year=2005 |pages= |isbn=0-14-303908-3 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}
-*[https://archive.org/stream/menofnineties00muddiala#page/n5/mode/2up Muddiman, Bernard (1921).  ''The Men of the Nineties''.  New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.]
+* [https://archive.org/stream/menofnineties00muddiala#page/n5/mode/2up Muddiman, Bernard (1921). ''The Men of the Nineties''. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.]
-*{{cite book|last=Muñoz Fernández|first=Ángel|year=2001|title=Bernardo Couto Castillo. Cuentos completos|location=México City|publisher=Factoría Ediciones}}
+* {{cite book|last=Muñoz Fernández|first=Ángel|year=2001|title=Bernardo Couto Castillo. Cuentos completos|location=México City|publisher=Factoría Ediciones}}
-*{{cite book|last=Nicoll|first=Allardyce|author-link=Allardyce Nicoll|year=1931|title=Masks, mimes and miracles|location=London|publisher=Harrap & Co.}}
+* {{cite book|last=Nicoll|first=Allardyce|author-link=Allardyce Nicoll|year=1931|title=Masks, mimes and miracles|location=London|publisher=Harrap & Co.}}
-*{{cite book|last=Nicoll|first=Allardyce|year=1963|title=The World of Harlequin: a critical study of the commedia dell'arte|location=Cambridge, England|publisher=Cambridge University Press}}
+* {{cite book|last=Nicoll|first=Allardyce|year=1963|title=The World of Harlequin: a critical study of the commedia dell'arte|url=https://archive.org/details/worldofharlequin0000nico|location=Cambridge, England|publisher=Cambridge University Press}}
-*''Nouveau Théâtre Italien (Le) ou Recueil général des comédies représentées par les Comédiens Italiens ordinaries du Roi'' (1753). 10 vols. Paris: Briasson.
+* ''Nouveau Théâtre Italien (Le) ou Recueil général des comédies représentées par les Comédiens Italiens ordinaries du Roi'' (1753). 10 vols. Paris: Briasson.
-*{{cite book|last=Oreglia|first=Giacomo|year=1968|title=The Commedia dell'Arte|translator-last=Edwards|translator-first=Lovett F|location=New York|publisher=Hill and Wang|orig-year=1961|others=Originally published in Italian; revised in 1964|isbn=9780809005451}}
+* {{cite book|last=Oreglia|first=Giacomo|year=1968|title=The Commedia dell'Arte|url=https://archive.org/details/commediadellarte0000oreg|translator-last=Edwards|translator-first=Lovett F|location=New York|publisher=Hill and Wang|orig-year=1961|others=Originally published in Italian; revised in 1964|isbn=9780809005451}}
-*{{Cite book |last=Palacio|first=Jean de |title=Pierrot fin-de-siècle, ou, Les Métamorphoses d'un masque |publisher=Séguier |location=Paris |year=1990 |pages= |isbn=287736089X |oclc= |doi= |accessdate= }}
+* {{Cite book |last=Palacio|first=Jean de |title=Pierrot fin-de-siècle, ou, Les Métamorphoses d'un masque |url=https://archive.org/details/pierrotfindesiec0000pala|publisher=Séguier |location=Paris |year=1990 |pages= |isbn=287736089X |oclc= |doi= |accessdate= }}
-*Pandolfi, Vito (1957–1969). ''La Commedia dell’Arte, storia e testo''. 6 vols. Florence: Sansoni Antiquariato.
+* Pandolfi, Vito (1957–1969). ''La Commedia dell’Arte, storia e testo''. 6 vols. Florence: Sansoni Antiquariato.
-*[https://archive.org/stream/dictionnairedes26unkngoog#page/n6/mode/2up Parfaict, François and Claude, and Godin d'Abguerbe (1767). ''Dictionnaire des Th&eacute;&acirc;tres de Paris ... ''  Vol. 3. Paris: Rozet].
+* [https://archive.org/stream/dictionnairedes26unkngoog#page/n6/mode/2up Parfaict, François and Claude, and Godin d'Abguerbe (1767). ''Dictionnaire des Théâtres de Paris ... '' Vol. 3. Paris: Rozet].
-*[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k204363m.image.f1.tableDesMatieres Péricaud, Louis (1897). ''Le Théâtre des Funambules, ses mimes, ses acteurs et ses pantomimes ...'' Paris: Sapin.]
+* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k204363m.image.f1.tableDesMatieres Péricaud, Louis (1897). ''Le Théâtre des Funambules, ses mimes, ses acteurs et ses pantomimes ...'' Paris: Sapin.]
-*{{Cite book |last=Peral Vega|first=Emilio |title=Pierrot/Lorca: white carnival of black desire |publisher=Tamesis Books |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk, Eng. |year=2015 |pages= |isbn=1855662965 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=|ref=harv}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Peral Vega|first=Emilio |title=Pierrot/Lorca: white carnival of black desire |publisher=Tamesis Books |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk, Eng. |year=2015 |pages= |isbn=1855662965 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=|ref=harv}}
-*{{Cite book |last=Pertwee|first=Bill |title=Pertwee's promenades and Pierrots: one hundred years of seaside entertainment |publisher=Westbridge Books |location=Newton Abbot (Eng.) |year=1979 |pages= |isbn=0715377949 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate= }}
+* {{Cite book |last=Pertwee|first=Bill |title=Pertwee's promenades and Pierrots: one hundred years of seaside entertainment |url=https://archive.org/details/pertweespromenad0000pert|publisher=Westbridge Books |location=Newton Abbot (Eng.) |year=1979 |pages= |isbn=0715377949 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate= }}
-*Piron, Alexis (1928–1931). ''Œuvres complètes illustrées''. Pub. Pierre Dufay. 10 vols. Paris: F. Guillot.
+* Piron, Alexis (1928–1931). ''Œuvres complètes illustrées''. Pub. Pierre Dufay. 10 vols. Paris: F. Guillot.
-*{{Cite book |last=Régnier|first=Gérard |title=The great parade: portrait of the artist as clown |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven, CT |year=2004 |pages= |isbn=0300103751 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate= }}
+* {{Cite book |last=Régnier|first=Gérard |title=The great parade: portrait of the artist as clown |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven, CT |year=2004 |pages= |isbn=0300103751 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate= }}
-*{{cite book|last=Rémy|first=Tristan|year=1954|title=Jean-Gaspard Deburau|location=Paris|publisher=L’Arche}}
+* {{cite book|last=Rémy|first=Tristan|year=1954|title=Jean-Gaspard Deburau|location=Paris|publisher=L’Arche}}
-*{{cite book|last=Rémy|first=Tristan|year=1964|title=George Wague: Le Mime de la Belle Epoque|location=Paris|publisher=Girard}}
+* {{cite book|last=Rémy|first=Tristan|year=1964|title=George Wague: Le Mime de la Belle Epoque|location=Paris|publisher=Girard}}
-*{{Cite book |last=Ritter|first=Naomi |title=Art as spectacle: images of the entertainer since Romanticism |publisher=University of Missouri Press |location=Columbia, MO |year=1989 |pages= |isbn=0826207197 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate= }}
+* {{Cite book |last=Ritter|first=Naomi |title=Art as spectacle: images of the entertainer since Romanticism |url=https://archive.org/details/artasspectacleim00ritt|publisher=University of Missouri Press |location=Columbia, MO |year=1989 |pages= |isbn=0826207197 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate= }}
-*{{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Robert|1946}}|reference=Robert, Grace (1946). ''The Borzoi Book of Ballets''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.}}
+* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Robert|1946}}|reference=Robert, Grace (1946). ''The Borzoi Book of Ballets''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.}}
-*Rolfe, Bari (1978).  "Magic century of French mime".  ''Mime, mask & marionette: a quarterly journal of performing arts''. '''1''' (3: fall): 135-58.
+* Rolfe, Bari (1978). "Magic century of French mime". ''Mime, mask & marionette: a quarterly journal of performing arts''. '''1''' (3: fall): 135-58.
-*{{Cite book |last=Rudlin|first=John |title=Commedia dell'Arte: an actor's handbook |publisher=Routledge |location=London |year=1994 |pages= |isbn=0-415-04770-6 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Rudlin|first=John |title=Commedia dell'Arte: an actor's handbook |url=https://archive.org/details/commediadellarte0000rudl_r9o4|publisher=Routledge |location=London |year=1994 |pages= |isbn=0-415-04770-6 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}
-*Salerno, Henry F., tr. (1967). ''Scenarios of the Commedia dell’Arte: Flaminio Scala's'' Il teatro delle favole rappresentative. New York: New York University Press.
+* Salerno, Henry F., tr. (1967). ''Scenarios of the Commedia dell’Arte: Flaminio Scala's'' Il teatro delle favole rappresentative. New York: [[New York University Press]].
-*[[Maurice Sand|Sand, Maurice]] (Jean-François-Maurice-Arnauld, Baron Dudevant, called) (1915). ''The History of the Harlequinade'' [orig. ''Masques et bouffons''. 2 vols. Paris: Michel Lévy Frères, 1860]. Philadelphia: Lippincott.
+* [[Maurice Sand|Sand, Maurice]] (Jean-François-Maurice-Arnauld, Baron Dudevant, called) (1915). ''The History of the Harlequinade'' [orig. ''Masques et bouffons''. 2 vols. Paris: Michel Lévy Frères, 1860]. Philadelphia: Lippincott.
-*{{cite journal|last=Sarabia|first=Rosa|year=Fall 1987|title=Dario y Lugones: dos visiones modernistas de Pierrot|journal=Latin American Theatre Review|volume=21|issue=1|pages=75-83|ref=harv}}
+* {{cite journal|last=Sarabia|first=Rosa|year=Fall 1987|title=Dario y Lugones: dos visiones modernistas de Pierrot|journal=Latin American Theatre Review|volume=21|issue=1|pages=75-83|ref=harv}}
-*{{Cite book |last=Sensibar|first=Judith L. |title=The Origins of Faulkner's art |publisher=University of Texas Press |location=Austin, TX |year=1984 |pages= |isbn=0292790201 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate= }}
+* {{Cite book |last=Sensibar|first=Judith L. |title=The Origins of Faulkner's art |url=https://archive.org/details/originsoffaulkne00sens_0|publisher=University of Texas Press |location=Austin, TX |year=1984 |pages= |isbn=0292790201 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate= }}
-*Séverin (Séverin Cafferra, called) (1929). ''L’Homme Blanc: souvenirs d'un Pierrot''. Introduction et notes par Gustave Fréjaville. Paris: Plon.
+* Séverin (Séverin Cafferra, called) (1929). ''L’Homme Blanc: souvenirs d'un Pierrot''. Introduction et notes par Gustave Fréjaville. Paris: Plon.
-*{{cite book|last=Starobinski|first=Jean|author-link=Jean Starobinski|year=1970|title=Portrait de l'artiste en saltimbanque|location=Geneva|publisher=Skira}}
+* {{cite book|last=Starobinski|first=Jean|author-link=Jean Starobinski|year=1970|title=Portrait de l'artiste en saltimbanque|location=Geneva|publisher=Skira}}
-*{{Cite book |last=Stevenson|first=Helen |title=Pierrot Lunaire |publisher=Hodder and Stoughton |location=London |year=1995 |pages= |isbn=0-340-61823-X |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Stevenson|first=Helen |title=Pierrot Lunaire |publisher=Hodder and Stoughton |location=London |year=1995 |pages= |isbn=0-340-61823-X |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}
-*{{Cite book |last=Storey|first=Robert F. |title=Pierrot: a critical history of a mask |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, NJ |year=1978a |pages= |isbn=0-691-06374-5 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Storey|first=Robert F. |title=Pierrot: a critical history of a mask |url=https://archive.org/details/pierrotcriticalh0000stor|publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, NJ |year=1978a |pages= |isbn=0-691-06374-5 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}
-*{{cite journal|last=Storey|first=Robert|year=Fall 1978|title="Shakespeare at the Funambules: a translation of Th&eacute;ophile Gautier's 'Shakspeare aux Funambules' and a commentary|journal=Mime, mask & marionette: a quarterly journal of performing arts|volume=1|issue=3|pages=159–79}}
+* {{cite journal|last=Storey|first=Robert|year=Fall 1978|title="Shakespeare at the Funambules: a translation of Théophile Gautier's 'Shakspeare aux Funambules' and a commentary|journal=Mime, mask & marionette: a quarterly journal of performing arts|volume=1|issue=3|pages=159–79}}
-*{{Cite book |last=Storey|first=Robert |title=Pierrots on the stage of desire: nineteenth-century French literary artists and the comic pantomime |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, NJ |year=1985 |pages= |isbn=0-691-06628-0 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Storey|first=Robert |title=Pierrots on the stage of desire: nineteenth-century French literary artists and the comic pantomime |url=https://archive.org/details/pierrotsonstageo0000stor|publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, NJ |year=1985 |pages= |isbn=0-691-06628-0 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}
-*Švehla, Jaroslav (1977). "Jean Gaspard Deburau: the immortal Pierrot." Tr. Paul Wilson. ''Mime Journal'': 5. (This journal-length article is a translated condensation of Švehla's book-length study ''Deburau, nieśmiertelny Pierrot'' [Prague: Melantrich, 1976].)
+* Švehla, Jaroslav (1977). "Jean Gaspard Deburau: the immortal Pierrot." Tr. Paul Wilson. ''Mime Journal'': 5. (This journal-length article is a translated condensation of Švehla's book-length study ''Deburau, nieśmiertelny Pierrot'' [Prague: Melantrich, 1976].)
-*{{cite book|last=Taupin|first=René|year=1929|title=L'Influence du symbolisme français sur la poésie américaine (de 1910 à 1920)|location=Paris|publisher=H. Champion}}
+* {{cite book|last=Taupin|first=René|year=1929|title=L'Influence du symbolisme français sur la poésie américaine (de 1910 à 1920)|location=Paris|publisher=H. Champion}}
-*{{cite book|last=Wague|first=Georges|year=1913|title=La Pantomime moderne, conférence prononcé le 19 janvier 1913, dans la salle de l'Université Populaire|location=Paris|publisher=Editions de l'Université Populaire}}
+* {{cite book|last=Wague|first=Georges|year=1913|title=La Pantomime moderne, conférence prononcé le 19 janvier 1913, dans la salle de l'Université Populaire|location=Paris|publisher=Editions de l'Université Populaire}}
-*{{Cite book |last=Wilentz|first=Sean|author-link=Sean Wilentz|title=Bob Dylan in America |publisher=Doubleday |location=New York |year=2010 |pages= |isbn=978-0-385-52988-4 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Wilentz|first=Sean|author-link=Sean Wilentz|title=Bob Dylan in America |url=https://archive.org/details/bobdylaninameric00wile_0|publisher=Doubleday |location=New York |year=2010 |pages= |isbn=978-0-385-52988-4 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}
-==Bacaan tambahan==
+== Bacaan tambahan ==
-*{{Cite book |author=Baug&eacute;, Isabelle, ed. |title=Pantomimes [par Champfleury, Gautier, Nodier et MM. Anonyme] |publisher=Cicero |location=Paris |year=1995 |pages= |isbn=2908369176 |oclo= |doi= |accessdate= }}
+* {{Cite book |author=Baugé, Isabelle, ed. |title=Pantomimes [par Champfleury, Gautier, Nodier et MM. Anonyme] |publisher=Cicero |location=Paris |year=1995 |pages= |isbn=2908369176 |oclo= |doi= |accessdate= }}
-*[https://archive.org/stream/pantomimesdegasp00debu#page/n3/mode/2up Goby, Emile, ed. (1889).  ''Pantomimes de Gaspard et Ch. Deburau''.  Paris: Dentu.]
+* [https://archive.org/stream/pantomimesdegasp00debu#page/n3/mode/2up Goby, Emile, ed. (1889). ''Pantomimes de Gaspard et Ch. Deburau''. Paris: Dentu.]
-*[https://archive.org/stream/mimesetpierrotsn00hugouoft#page/n7/mode/2up Hugounet, Paul (1889). ''Mimes et Pierrots: notes et documents inédits pour servir à l'histoire de la pantomime''. Paris: Fischbacher.]
+* [https://archive.org/stream/mimesetpierrotsn00hugouoft#page/n7/mode/2up Hugounet, Paul (1889). ''Mimes et Pierrots: notes et documents inédits pour servir à l'histoire de la pantomime''. Paris: Fischbacher.]
-*{{Cite book |author=Jones, Louisa E. |title=Sad clowns and pale Pierrots: literature and the popular comic arts in 19th-century France |publisher=French Forum Publishers |location=Lexington, KY |year=1984 |pages= |isbn=0917058488 |oclo= |doi= |accessdate= }}
+* {{Cite book |author=Jones, Louisa E. |title=Sad clowns and pale Pierrots: literature and the popular comic arts in 19th-century France |url=https://archive.org/details/sadclownspalepie0000jone |publisher=French Forum Publishers |location=Lexington, KY |year=1984 |pages= |isbn=0917058488 |oclo= |doi= |accessdate= }}
-*Larcher, Félix and Eugène, eds. (1887).  ''Pantomimes de Paul Legrand''.  Paris: Librairie Théàtrale.
+* Larcher, Félix and Eugène, eds. (1887). ''Pantomimes de Paul Legrand''. Paris: Librairie Théàtrale.
-*Sentenac, Paul. (1923). ''Pierrot et les artistes: m&eacute;moires de l'Ami Pierrot''. Paris: Sansot, Chiberre.
+* Sentenac, Paul. (1923). ''Pierrot et les artistes: mémoires de l'Ami Pierrot''. Paris: Sansot, Chiberre.
-*{{cite journal|last=Sund|first=Judy|year=2016|title=Why So Sad?  Watteau's Pierrots|journal=The Art Bulletin|volume=98|issue=3|pages=321-47}}
+* {{cite journal|last=Sund|first=Judy|year=2016|title=Why So Sad?  Watteau's Pierrots|journal=The Art Bulletin|volume=98|issue=3|pages=321-47}}
-==Pranala luar==
+== Pranala luar ==
-*[http://theses.enc.sorbonne.fr/2012/driant Driant, Pénélope (2012). ''Maurice Farina, mime, archiviste et collectionneur (1883-1943)''. Unpub. Master's thesis.]
+* [http://theses.enc.sorbonne.fr/2012/driant Driant, Pénélope (2012). ''Maurice Farina, mime, archiviste et collectionneur (1883-1943)''. Unpub. Master's thesis.]
-*[http://www.academia.edu/2130577/Morphing_Moonlight_Gender_Masks_and_Carnival_Mayhem_the_Figure_of_Pierrot_in_Giraud_Ensor_Dowson_and_Beardsley Kreuiter, Allison Dorothy. (2007). ''Morphing moonlight: gender, masks and carnival mayhem. The figure of Pierrot in Giraud, Ensor, Dowson and Beardsley.'' Unpub. doc. diss., University of the Free State.]
+* [http://www.academia.edu/2130577/Morphing_Moonlight_Gender_Masks_and_Carnival_Mayhem_the_Figure_of_Pierrot_in_Giraud_Ensor_Dowson_and_Beardsley Kreuiter, Allison Dorothy. (2007). ''Morphing moonlight: gender, masks and carnival mayhem. The figure of Pierrot in Giraud, Ensor, Dowson and Beardsley.'' Unpub. doc. diss., University of the Free State.]
-*[https://archive.org/stream/evolutionofpanto00levi#page/n3/mode/2up Levillain, Adele Dowling.  (1945).  ''The Evolution of Pantomime in France.''  Unpub. Master's Thesis, Boston University.]
+* [https://archive.org/stream/evolutionofpanto00levi#page/n3/mode/2up Levillain, Adele Dowling. (1945). ''The Evolution of Pantomime in France.'' Unpub. Master's Thesis, Boston University.]
 {{Commons category}}