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Dodge Ram: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Hendy Sannidhya (bicara | kontrib)
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(27 revisi perantara oleh 4 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1: Baris 1:
{{Infobox automobile
{{Infobox automobile
|name=Dodge Ram
|name=Dodge Ram/RAM pickup
|image=[[Berkas:2011.5 RAM 3500 Loaded..jpg|300px]]
|image=[[Berkas:2011.5 RAM 3500 Loaded..jpg|300px]]
|manufacturer=[[Dodge]] 1981-2010<br>[[Ram Trucks]] 2010-Sekarang
|manufacturer=[[Dodge]] 1981-2010<br>[[Ram Trucks]] 2010-Sekarang
|production=1981–2010
|production=1981–2010 dengan Dodge<br> 2009–sekarang dengan RAM Trucks
|class=[[Truk pikap]] full-size
|class=[[Truk pikap]] ukuran penuh
|predecessor=[[Dodge D Series]]
|predecessor=[[Dodge Seri D]]
|successor=[[Ram Trucks]]
|successor=
|assembly=[[Saltillo, Coahuila]], [[Meksiko]]<br />[[Warren, Michigan]], [[Amerika Serikat]]<br/>[[St. Louis, Missouri]], [[Amerika Serikat]]
|assembly=[[Saltillo, Coahuila]], [[Meksiko]]<br />[[Warren, Michigan]], [[Amerika Serikat]]<br/>[[St. Louis, Missouri]], [[Amerika Serikat]]
|layout=[[Mesin depan]], [[penggerak roda depan]] / [[penggerak 4 roda]]
|layout=[[Mesin depan]], [[penggerak roda depan]] / [[penggerak 4 roda]]
}}
}}


'''Ram''' (dulunya disebut '''Dodge Ram''') adalah [[truk pikap]] full-size yang diproduksi oleh [[Chrysler|Chrysler Group LLC]]. Sejak akhir tahun 2010, mobil ini dijual dengan merek '''[[Ram Trucks]]'''. Sebelumnya, Ram merupakan jajaran truk ringan [[Dodge]]. Nama ''Ram'' sendiri mulai dipakai pada tahun 1981, setelah sebelumnya truk [[Dodge D Series]] dan van B-series dihentikan produksinya. Sejak pergantian model terbarunya tahun 2009, generasi terakhirnya saat ini merupakan generasi keempat.
'''Ram''' (dulunya disebut '''Dodge Ram''') adalah [[truk pikap]] ukuran penuh yang diproduksi oleh [[Chrysler|Chrysler Group LLC]]. Sejak akhir tahun 2010, mobil ini dijual dengan merek '''[[Ram Trucks]]'''. Sebelumnya, Ram merupakan jajaran truk ringan [[Dodge]]. Nama ''Ram'' sendiri mulai dipakai pada tahun 1981, setelah sebelumnya truk [[Dodge Seri D]] dan van seri B dihentikan produksinya. Sejak pergantian model terbarunya tahun 2009, generasi terakhirnya saat ini merupakan generasi keempat.


Truk Ram memenangkan penghargaan [[Car of the Year|''Truck of the Year'']] tiga kali dari majalah ''[[Motor Trend]]'': tahun 1994, 2003, dan terakhir 2010. Saat ini Ram diproduksi di [[Perakitan Truk Saltillo]] di [[Saltillo, Coahuila]], [[Meksiko]] dan [[Perakitan Truk Warren]] di [[Warren, Michigan]], [[Amerika Serikat]].
Truk Ram memenangkan penghargaan [[Car of the Year|''Truck of the Year'']] tiga kali dari majalah ''[[Motor Trend]]'': tahun 1994, 2003, dan terakhir 2010. Saat ini Ram diproduksi di [[Perakitan Truk Saltillo]] di [[Saltillo, Coahuila]], [[Meksiko]] dan [[Perakitan Truk Warren]] di [[Warren, Michigan]], [[Amerika Serikat]].
{{Clear}}

==Generasi pertama (1981; D/W)==
==Generasi pertama (1981; D/W)==
{{Infobox automobile
{{Infobox automobile
Baris 23: Baris 23:
| platform = [[Chrysler AD platform]]
| platform = [[Chrysler AD platform]]
| body_style = 2-pintu pikap truk<br />2-pintu pikap truk kabin panjang<br />4-pintu pikap truk kabin kru
| body_style = 2-pintu pikap truk<br />2-pintu pikap truk kabin panjang<br />4-pintu pikap truk kabin kru
| wheelbase = Regular cab/6.5' bed:<br />{{convert|115|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />Regular cab/8' bed:<br />{{convert|131|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />Club Cab/6.5' bed:<br />{{convert|133|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />Club Cab/8' bed:<br />{{convert|149|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />Crew cab/8' bed:<br />{{convert|165|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>
| wheelbase = Regular cab/6.5' bed:<br />{{convert|115|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />Regular cab/8' bed:<br />{{convert|131|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />Club Cab/6.5' bed:<br />{{convert|133|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />Club Cab/8' bed:<br />{{convert|149|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />Crew cab/8' bed:<br />{{convert|165|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|190.8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} <br /> {{convert|210.8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|190.8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} <br /> {{convert|210.8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|79.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|79.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
Baris 31: Baris 31:
| related = [[Dodge Ramcharger]]
| related = [[Dodge Ramcharger]]
}}
}}
{{Clear}}

==Generasi kedua (1994; BR/BE)==
==Generasi kedua (1994; BR/BE)==
{{Infobox automobile
{{Infobox automobile
Baris 37: Baris 39:
| caption = 1997 Dodge Ram 1500 Extended Cab
| caption = 1997 Dodge Ram 1500 Extended Cab
| production = Juli 1993<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1993-05-23-9305230501-story.html |title=Ram's New Run at Truck Market |website=[[Chicago Tribune]]}}</ref> - Juli 2001 <ref>{{cite web |url= http://dodgeram.info/2001/index.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130605032709/http://dodgeram.info/2001/index.html |archive-date=2013-06-05 |title=2001 Dodge Ram Information}}</ref> (Ram 1500) <br /> Juli 1993–Juli 2002 (Ram 2500 dan 3500)
| production = Juli 1993<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1993-05-23-9305230501-story.html |title=Ram's New Run at Truck Market |website=[[Chicago Tribune]]}}</ref> - Juli 2001 <ref>{{cite web |url= http://dodgeram.info/2001/index.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130605032709/http://dodgeram.info/2001/index.html |archive-date=2013-06-05 |title=2001 Dodge Ram Information}}</ref> (Ram 1500) <br /> Juli 1993–Juli 2002 (Ram 2500 dan 3500)
| assembly = [[Warren, Michigan]]<br /> [[St. Louis, Missouri]] <br /> [[Saltillo, Meksiko]] <br /> [[Lago Alberto Assembly]], [[Mexico City]]
| assembly = Amerika Serikat:<br>[[Warren, Michigan]]<br /> [[St. Louis, Missouri]] <br /> Meksiko:<br>|[Saltillo, Meksiko]] <br /> [[Lago Alberto Assembly]], [[Mexico City]]
| related = [[Dodge Ramcharger#generasi ketiga|Dodge Ramcharger]] (Meksiko)
| related = [[Dodge Ramcharger#generasi ketiga|Dodge Ramcharger]] (Meksiko)
| body_style = 2-pintu Regular Cab<br /> 2-pintu Club Cab<br /> 4-pintu Quad Cab
| body_style = 2-pintu Regular Cab<br /> 2-pintu Club Cab<br /> 4-pintu Quad Cab
| engine = 3.9 L ''[[Chrysler LA engine#Magnum 3.9 L|Magnum]]'' [[mesin V6|V6]] <br />5.2 L ''[[Chrysler LA engine#The 5.2 L Magnum V8|Magnum]]'' [[mesin V8|V8]] <br />5.9 L ''[[Chrysler LA engine#5.9 L Magnum V8|Magnum]]'' V8 <br />5.9 L ''[[Cummins B Series engine#B5.9|Cummins]]'' [[turbo-diesel]] [[mesin 6 silinder segaris|I6]] <br />8.0 L ''[[Chrysler LA engine#8.0 L Magnum V10|Magnum]]'' [[mesin V10|V10]]
| engine = 3.9 L ''[[Chrysler LA engine#Magnum 3.9 L|Magnum]]'' [[mesin V6|V6]] <br />5.2 L ''[[Chrysler LA engine#The 5.2 L Magnum V8|Magnum]]'' [[mesin V8|V8]] <br />5.9 L ''[[Chrysler LA engine#5.9 L Magnum V8|Magnum]]'' V8 <br />5.9 L ''[[Cummins B Series engine#B5.9|Cummins]]'' [[turbo-diesel]] [[mesin 6 silinder segaris|I6]] <br />8.0 L ''[[Chrysler LA engine#8.0 L Magnum V10|Magnum]]'' [[mesin V10|V10]]
| transmission = 4-percepatan [[TorqueFlite#A500|42RH-RE]] otomatis<br />4-percepatan [[TorqueFlite#A518|46RH-RE]] otomatis<br />4-percepatan [[TorqueFlite#A618|47RH-RE]] otomatis<br />5-percepatan [[New Venture Gear 3500 transmission|NV3500]] manual <br />5-percepatan [[New Venture Gear 4500 transmission|NV4500]] manual <br />6-percepatan [[New Venture Gear 5600 transmission|NV5600]] manual
| transmission = 4-percepatan [[TorqueFlite#A500|42RH-RE]] otomatis<br />4-percepatan [[TorqueFlite#A518|46RH-RE]] otomatis<br />4-percepatan [[TorqueFlite#A618|47RH-RE]] otomatis<br />5-percepatan [[New Venture Gear 3500 transmission|NV3500]] manual <br />5-percepatan [[New Venture Gear 4500 transmission|NV4500]] manual <br />6-percepatan [[New Venture Gear 5600 transmission|NV5600]] manual
| wheelbase = {{convert|118.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (2-pintu, short bed)<ref name="ED-DRG"/> <br />{{convert|134.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (2-pintu, long bed)<ref name="ED-DRG"/> <br />{{convert|154.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|118.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (2-pintu, short bed) <br />{{convert|134.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (2-pintu, long bed) <br />{{convert|154.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|204.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} <br />{{convert|224.2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} <br />{{convert|244.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|204.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} <br />{{convert|224.2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} <br />{{convert|244.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|79.3|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} <br />{{convert|93.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (Towing mirrors)
| width = {{convert|79.3|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} <br />{{convert|93.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (Towing mirrors)
Baris 48: Baris 50:
| designer = Phillip E. Payne (1989)
| designer = Phillip E. Payne (1989)
}}
}}
{{Clear}}

==Third generation (2002; DR/DH/D1/DC/DM)==
==Generasi ketiga (2002; DR/DH/D1/DC/DM)==
{{Infobox automobile
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Third generation: Dodge Ram
| name = Generasi ketiga: Dodge Ram
| image = 2002-2005 Dodge Ram regular cab -- 12-14-2011.jpg
| image = 2002-2005 Dodge Ram regular cab -- 12-14-2011.jpg
| caption = Dodge Ram 1500 Regular Cab
| caption = Dodge Ram 1500 Regular Cab
| production = July 24, 2001<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.just-auto.com/news/chrysler-begins-2002-dodge-ram-production_id80156.aspx | title=USA: Chrysler begins 2002 Dodge Ram production| date=2001-07-25}}</ref>–2008 (1500)<br />August 2002 <ref>{{cite web |url= http://dodgeram.info/2003/index.html |title=The 2003 Ram model year |website=dodgeram.info|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628165837/http://dodgeram.info/2003/index.html |archive-date=June 28, 2020 }}</ref> –2009 (2500 & 3500)
| production = 24 Juli 2001<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.just-auto.com/news/chrysler-begins-2002-dodge-ram-production_id80156.aspx| title=USA: Chrysler begins 2002 Dodge Ram production| date=2001-07-25| access-date=2023-02-28| archive-date=2021-05-08| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508042314/https://www.just-auto.com/news/chrysler-begins-2002-dodge-ram-production_id80156.aspx| dead-url=yes}}</ref>–2008 (1500)<br />Agustus 2002 <ref>{{cite web |url= http://dodgeram.info/2003/index.html |title=The 2003 Ram model year |website=dodgeram.info|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628165837/http://dodgeram.info/2003/index.html |archive-date=June 28, 2020 }}</ref> –2009 (2500 & 3500)
| platform =
| platform =
| body_style = 2-door regular cab<br />4-door Quad Cab<br />4-door Mega Cab
| body_style = 2-pintu regular cab<br />4-pintu Quad Cab<br />4-pintu Mega Cab
| related = [[Sterling Bullet]]
| related = [[Sterling Bullet]]
| engine = [[Chrysler PowerTech engine#3.7 EKG|3.7 L Magnum]] [[V6 engine|V6]] <br /> [[Chrysler PowerTech engine#4.7|4.7 L Magnum]] [[V8 engine|V8]] <br />[[Chrysler Hemi engine#5.7 / 345|5.7 L Hemi]] V8 <br />[[Chrysler LA engine#5.9L Hemi V8|5.9 L Magnum]] V8 <br />[[Cummins B Series engine#ISB|5.9 L Cummins]] [[diesel engine|diesel]] [[Straight-six engine|I6]] <br />[[Cummins B Series engine#B6.7|6.7 L Cummins]] diesel I6 <br />[[Chrysler LA engine#8.0L Magnum V10|8.0 L Magnum]] [[V10 engine|V10]] <br />[[Viper engine#Third generation|8.3 L Viper]] V10
| engine = [[Chrysler PowerTech engine#3.7 EKG|3.7 L Magnum]] [[mesin V6|V6]] <br /> [[Chrysler PowerTech engine#4.7|4.7 L Magnum]] [[mesin V8|V8]] <br />[[Chrysler Hemi engine#5.7 / 345|5.7 L Hemi]] V8 <br />[[Chrysler LA engine#5.9L Hemi V8|5.9 L Magnum]] V8 <br />[[Cummins B Series engine#ISB|5.9 L Cummins]] [[mesin diesel|diesel]] [[mesin 6 silinder segaris|I6]] <br />[[Cummins B Series engine#B6.7|6.7 L Cummins]] diesel I6 <br />[[Chrysler LA engine#8.0L Magnum V10|8.0 L Magnum]] [[mesin V10|V10]] <br />[[Viper engine#Third generation|8.3 L Viper]] V10
| transmission = 4-speed [[Ultradrive#42RLE|42RLE]] [[automatic transmission|automatic]] <br /> 4-speed [[Chrysler 45RFE transmission|45RFE]] [[automatic transmission|automatic]] <br /> 4-speed [[TorqueFlite|48RE]] [[automatic transmission|automatic]] <br /> 5-speed [[Chrysler 45RFE transmission|545RFE]] automatic <br /> 6-speed [[Chrysler RFE transmission|68RFE]] [[automatic transmission|automatic]] <br />6-speed [[List of Aisin transmissions|AS68RC]]<br />6-speed [[New Venture Gear 5600 transmission|NV5600]] [[manual transmission|manual]]<br />5-speed [[New Venture Gear 4500 transmission|NV4500]] [[manual transmission|manual]] <br /> 6-speed [[G56 manual transmission|G56 manual]] <br /> 6-speed [[Magna PT|Getrag]] 238 [[manual transmission|manual]]
| transmission = 4-percepatan [[Ultradrive#42RLE|42RLE]] [[transmisi otomatist|otomatis]] <br /> 4-percepatan [[Chrysler 45RFE transmission|45RFE]] [[transmisi otomatis|otomatis]] <br /> 4-percepatan [[TorqueFlite|48RE]] [[transmisi otomatis|otomatis]] <br /> 5-percepatan [[Chrysler 45RFE transmission|545RFE]] otomatis <br /> 6-speed [[Chrysler RFE transmission|68RFE]] [[transmisi otomatis|otomatis]] <br />6-percepatan [[List of Aisin transmissions|AS68RC]]<br />6-percepatan [[New Venture Gear 5600 transmission|NV5600]] [[transmisi manual|manual]]<br />5-percepatan [[New Venture Gear 4500 transmission|NV4500]] [[transmisi manual|manual]] <br /> 6-percepatan [[G56 manual transmission|G56 manual]] <br /> 6-percepatan [[Magna PT|Getrag]] 238 [[transmisi manual|manual]]
| wheelbase = {{convert|120.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|140.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|160.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|120.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|140.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|160.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|295.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|283.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|279.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|259.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|255.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|235.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|207.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} <br />{{convert|229.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|249.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|295.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|283.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|279.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|259.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|255.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|235.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|207.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} <br />{{convert|229.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|249.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
Baris 65: Baris 67:
| height = 75.7-80.8 in (1923–2052 mm)
| height = 75.7-80.8 in (1923–2052 mm)
| designer = Cliff Wilkins (1998)
| designer = Cliff Wilkins (1998)
}}
{{Clear}}
==Generasi keempat (2009; DS/DJ/D2)==
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Generasi keempat: Ram/Dodge Ram
| aka = Dodge Ram 1500 (2009-2010)<br />Ram 1500 (2011–2018)<br />Ram 1500 Classic (2019–sekarang)<br />Dodge Ram 2500/3500 (2009–2010)<br />Ram 2500/3500 (2011-2018)<br />Ram 4000 (Meksiko, chassis cab)<br />Dodge Ram (Amerika Selatan) <br /> ASV Ram (Australia)
| assembly = [[Warren, Michigan]] ([[Warren Truck Assembly]])<br />[[Saltillo, Meksiko]] ([[Saltillo Truck Assembly]])<br />[[Clayton, Victoria]], [[Australia]] ([[Fiat Chrysler Australia|FCA Australia]])
| image = RAM 1500 Classic Crew Cab.jpg
| caption = 2019 Ram 1500 Classic Crew Cab
| production = September 12, 2008<ref name="insideline.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.insideline.com/dodge/ram-pickup-1500/2009/2009-dodge-ram-production-kicks-off-today-in-ceremonial-style.html|title=2009 Dodge Ram Production Kicks Off Today in Ceremonial Style |date=September 12, 2009|access-date=2009-11-20|work=Edmunds Inside Line}}</ref>-Sekarang
| model_years = 2009–sekarang<ref name="allpar.com">{{Cite web | url=https://www.allpar.com/news/2018/01/ram-classic-tries-chevy-trick-39384 | title=Ram Classic tries Chevy trick| date=January 18, 2018}}</ref>
| designer = [[Ryan Nagode]], [[Scott Krugger]] (2006)<ref>{{cite web|author=The 'C' Team |url=http://chryslercorporationllc.blogspot.com/2008/04/ram-tough-choices-2009-dodge-ram.html |title=Chrysler Corporation LLC: Ram Tough Choices - 2009 Dodge Ram sketches by Pickuptruck.Com |publisher=Chryslercorporationllc.blogspot.com |date=2008-04-17 |access-date=2015-06-29}}</ref>
| body_style = 2-pintu regular cab <br /> 4-pintu Quad Cab (hanya 1500) <br /> 4-pintu crew cab <br /> 4-pintu Mega Cab (hanya HD)
| engine = {{convert|226|cuin|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} [[Chrysler PowerTech engine#3.7 EKG|PowerTech]] [[mesin V6|V6]] <br />{{convert|220|cuin|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} Chrysler [[Chrysler Pentastar engine#3.6|Pentastar]] V6 <br />{{convert|287|cuin|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} [[mesin V8|V8]]<br /> [[List of VM Motori engines#A 630 DOHC|{{convert|183|cuin|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} Eco-Diesel V6]] <br /> {{convert|345|cuin|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} [[Chrysler Hemi engine#5.7 / 345|HEMI]] V8 <br />{{convert|392|cuin|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} [[Chrysler Hemi engine#6.4 / 392 Apache|HEMI]] V8 <br />
{{convert|408|cuin|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} [[Cummins B Series engine|Cummins Turbo-Diesel]] [[mesin 6 silinder segaris|I6]]
| transmission = 4-percepatan [[Chrysler 45RFE transmission|45RFE]] [[transmisi otomatis|otomatis]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Siler|first=Steve|title=2009 Dodge Ram 1500|url=http://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/2009-dodge-ram-1500-first-drive-review|work=Car and Driver|date=October 2008|publisher=Hearst Communications |access-date=May 17, 2013}}</ref> <br /> 5-percepatan [[Chrysler 45RFE transmission|545RFE]] otomatis <br />6-percepatan [[Chrysler RFE transmission#65RFE and 66RFE|66RFE]] otomatis<br />6-percepatan [[Chrysler RFE transmission#68RFE|68RFE]] otomatis<br />6-percepatan [[G56 manual transmission|G56 manual]] <br />8-percepatan [[ZF 8HP transmission|845RE]] otomatis (2013–)<ref>{{cite web|title=ZF to Supply 8-Speed Automatic Transmission to new 2013 Ram 1500 Pick-up Truck|url=http://www.zf.com/corporate/en/press/press_releases/press_release.jsp?newsId=21907432|work=[[ZF Friedrichshafen|ZF Friedrichshafen AG]]|access-date=April 20, 2012}}</ref> <br /> 8-percepatan [[ZF 8HP transmission|ZF 8HP75-LCV]] otomatis (2019 –)<br />6-percepatan [[Aisin Seiki Co.|Aisin]] AS68RC otomatis
| wheelbase = 4500/5500 Crew Cab MWB: {{convert|197.2|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />4500/5500 Regular Cab Ext. LWB: {{convert|204.3|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />4500/5500 Regular Cab LWB: {{convert|192.3|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />Reg. Cab Short Bed: 120 in (3048&nbsp;mm) <br />
Reg. Cab Long Bed & Quad Cab: 140 in (3556&nbsp;mm)<br />2WD 2500 Crew Cab SWB: {{convert|149.4|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />4WD 2500 Crew Cab SWB: {{convert|148.9|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />2500 Crew Cab LWB 2WD: {{convert|169.4|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />2500 Crew Cab LWB 4WD: {{convert|168.9|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />Regular Cab 2500 : {{convert|140.5|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />3500 Regular Chassis Cab: {{convert|143.4|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />3500 Regular Cab LWB: {{convert|167.4|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />3500 Crew Cab: {{convert|172.3|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />4500 & 5500 Regular Cab LWB: {{convert|144.3|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />4500/5500 Regular Cab MWB: {{convert|168.3|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />4500/5500 Crew Cab SWB: {{convert|173.3|in|mm|abbr=on}}
| length = 4500/5500 Crew Cab MWB: {{convert|287.0|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />4500/5500 Crew Cab SWB: {{convert|263.0|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />4500/5500 Regular Cab Ext. LWB: {{convert|294.1|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />4500/5500 Regular Cab LWB: {{convert|282.1|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />Crew Cab 3500: {{convert|259.4|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />2500 LWB Crew Cab: Regular Cab: {{convert|209.0|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />Extended Cab: {{convert|226.9|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />Quad Cab: {{convert|229.0|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />Crew Cab: {{convert|227.5|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />2500 Crew Cab SWB: {{convert|237.4|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />2500 Crew Cab LWB: {{convert|259.4|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />Regular Cab 2500: {{convert|231.0|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />3500 Chassis Cab: {{convert|234.1|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />3500 Regular Cab LWB: {{convert|258.1|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />3500 Crew Cab & 4500/5500 Regular Cabs: {{convert|263.0|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />4500/5500 Regular Cab: {{convert|234.1|in|mm|abbr=on}}
| height = 73.3–80.6<br />73.3–73.9 (1500 4x2)<br />74.1–74.8 (1500 4x4)<br />73.3–73.7 (2500 4x2)<br />75.7–77.7 (2500 4x4)<br />78.0–78.8 (3500)<br />79.8–80.6 in (4500/5500)
| width = {{convert|2017|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<br />Heavy Duty Crew Cab, 4500, 5500 & 3500: {{convert|79.1|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />Heavy Duty Regular Cab: {{convert|78.9|in|mm|abbr=on}}
}}
{{Clear}}
== Generasi kelima (2019; DT) ==
{{main|Ram 1500 (DT)|Ram Heavy Duty (Generasi kelima)|Ram 1500 REV|Ram 1500 Ramcharger}}
{{Infobox automobile
| image = 2019 Dodge Ram 1500 Laramie, front 2.28.20.jpg
| caption = 2019 Ram 1500 Laramie
| name = Generasi kelima
| production = Januari 2018–sekarang
| model_years = 2019–sekarang
| assembly = {{ubl
| Amerika Serikat: [[Sterling Heights, Michigan]] ([[Sterling Heights Assembly|Sterling Heights Assembly Plant]], 1500)
| Meksiko: [[Saltillo]] (Saltillo Truck Assembly, Heavy Duty)
}}
| class =
| platform =
| body_style = 4-pintu Quad Cab <br /> 4-pintu crew cab
| engine =
| wheelbase =
| length =
| width =
| height =
| weight =
| related = [[Jeep Wagoneer (WS)|Wagoneer/Grand Wagoneer]]
| designer = <!-- [[Ralph Gilles]] -->
}}
}}


[[File:2019 Ram 1500 Laramie Crew Cab rear 2.18.19.jpg|thumb|left|2019 Ram 1500 Laramie Crew Cab (belakang)]]

{{Clear}}
==B==

had their own version, called the [[Sterling Bullet]] with a unique grille. Sterling is a division of [[Freightliner Trucks]] which, like Dodge, was owned by the former [[DaimlerChrysler]]. Sterling Trucks was licensed to sell Dodge Ram 4500 series trucks as the Sterling Bullet. When the Sterling brand was phased out by [[Chrysler Corporation]], the Bullet was discontinued.

{| class=wikitable
|-
!Model
!Model years
!Engine
!Power
!Torque
|-
|rowspan=5|1500||2002–2008||{{convert|226|cuin|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} ''[[Chrysler PowerTech engine#3.7 EKG|Magnum]]'' [[V6 engine|V6]]||{{convert|215|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||{{convert|235|lbft|Nm|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>
|-
|2002–2007||{{convert|287|cuin|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} ''Magnum'' V8 ||{{convert|235|hp|kW PS|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||{{convert|295|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>
|-
|2008–2013||{{convert|287|cuin|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} ''Magnum'' V8 ||{{convert|310|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=semihemi>{{cite web|url= http://www.allpar.com/mopar/47.html| title = The 4.7 Liter "Next Generation" and "semi-Hemi" V8 Engine (Dodge ) |website=allpar.com: Trucks |first=Rick |last=Ehrenberg | access-date = 2014-03-15 }}</ref>||{{convert|330|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=semihemi/>
|-
|2002–2003||{{convert|360|cuin|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} ''[[Chrysler LA engine#Magnum 5.9|Magnum]]'' V8 ||{{convert|245|hp|kW PS|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||{{convert|335|lbft|Nm|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>
|-
|2003–2008||{{convert|345|cuin|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} ''[[Chrysler Hemi engine#New Hemi|Hemi]]'' V8 ||{{convert|345|hp|kW PS|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||{{convert|375|lbft|Nm|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>
|-
| rowspan="7" |2500/3500
|2009||{{convert|345|cuin|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} ''Hemi'' V8 ||{{convert|390|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||{{convert|410|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|-
|2002–2003 SO "6" Vin Designation||{{convert|360|cuin|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} ''[[Cummins B Series engine#ISB|Cummins]]'' [[diesel engine|diesel]] [[Straight-six engine|I6]]||{{convert|250|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}}||{{convert|460|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|-
|2002–2003 SO California Emissions||{{convert|360|cuin|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} ''Cummins'' diesel I6 ||{{convert|235|hp|kW PS|abbr=on}}||{{convert|460|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|-
|2002–2004 HO "C" Vin Designation||{{convert|360|cuin|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} ''Cummins'' diesel I6||{{convert|305|hp|kW PS|abbr=on}}||{{convert|555|lbft|Nm|abbr=on}}
|-
|2004.5–2007 HO||{{convert|360|cuin|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} ''Cummins'' diesel I6 ||{{convert|325|hp|kW PS|abbr=on}}||{{convert|610|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|-
|2007–2009||{{convert|408|cuin|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} ''Cummins'' diesel I6 ||{{convert|350|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}}||{{convert|650|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|-
|2002–2003||{{convert|488|cuin|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} ''[[Magnum V10|Magnum]]'' [[V10 engine|V10]]||{{convert|310|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}}||{{convert|450|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|-
|rowspan=3|Chassis Cab
|2008–2009||{{convert|345|cuin|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} ''[[Chrysler Hemi engine#New Hemi|Hemi]]'' V8 (3500 Only)||{{convert|345|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}}||{{convert|375|lbft|Nm|abbr=on}}
|-
|2009||{{convert|345|cuin|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} ''Hemi'' V8 (3500 Only)||{{convert|388|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||{{convert|404|lbft|Nm|abbr=on}}
|-
|2008–2009||{{convert|408|cuin|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} ''Cummins'' diesel I6 ||{{convert|305|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}}||{{convert|610|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|-
|SRT-10||2004–2006||{{convert|505|cuin|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} ''[[Viper engine#Second generation|Viper]]'' [[V10 engine|V10]]||{{convert|510|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}}||{{convert|535|lbft|Nm|abbr=on}}
|}


2005 was the last year for the first version ofuel economy by 3 MPG city and 4 MPG hwy. This new Hemi still delivered {{convert|345|hp|abbr=on}} and {{convert|375|lbft|Nm|abbr=on}}

ff

<gallery widths="190">
</gallery>
{{clear}}


== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
* {{cite web|last=Williams|first=Mark|title=2013 Ram 1500 Powertrain: Deep Dive|url=http://news.pickuptrucks.com/2012/04/2013-ram-1500-powertrain-deep-dive.html|publisher=Pickuptrucks.com|accessdate=April 12, 2012}}
* {{cite web|last=Williams|first=Mark|title=2013 Ram 1500 Powertrain: Deep Dive|url=http://news.pickuptrucks.com/2012/04/2013-ram-1500-powertrain-deep-dive.html|publisher=Pickuptrucks.com|accessdate=April 12, 2012}}
{{Clear}}

== Pranala luar ==
== Pranala luar ==
{{commons category}}
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.ramtrucks.com/en/ Ram Trucks] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121091859/http://www.ramtrucks.com/en/ |date=2010-11-21 }}
* [http://www.ramtrucks.com/en/ Ram Trucks] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121091859/http://www.ramtrucks.com/en/ |date=2010-11-21 }}
{{Dodge}}
{{kendaraan-stub}}
{{kendaraan-stub}}


Revisi terkini sejak 18 Juni 2024 07.17

Dodge Ram/RAM pickup
Informasi
ProdusenDodge 1981-2010
Ram Trucks 2010-Sekarang
Masa produksi1981–2010 dengan Dodge
2009–sekarang dengan RAM Trucks
PerakitanSaltillo, Coahuila, Meksiko
Warren, Michigan, Amerika Serikat
St. Louis, Missouri, Amerika Serikat
Bodi & rangka
KelasTruk pikap ukuran penuh
Tata letakMesin depan, penggerak roda depan / penggerak 4 roda
Kronologi
PendahuluDodge Seri D

Ram (dulunya disebut Dodge Ram) adalah truk pikap ukuran penuh yang diproduksi oleh Chrysler Group LLC. Sejak akhir tahun 2010, mobil ini dijual dengan merek Ram Trucks. Sebelumnya, Ram merupakan jajaran truk ringan Dodge. Nama Ram sendiri mulai dipakai pada tahun 1981, setelah sebelumnya truk Dodge Seri D dan van seri B dihentikan produksinya. Sejak pergantian model terbarunya tahun 2009, generasi terakhirnya saat ini merupakan generasi keempat.

Truk Ram memenangkan penghargaan Truck of the Year tiga kali dari majalah Motor Trend: tahun 1994, 2003, dan terakhir 2010. Saat ini Ram diproduksi di Perakitan Truk Saltillo di Saltillo, Coahuila, Meksiko dan Perakitan Truk Warren di Warren, Michigan, Amerika Serikat.

Generasi pertama (1981; D/W)

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Generasi pertama
1989 Dodge Ram D100
Informasi
Masa produksiOktober 1980[1]–Juli 1993
Bodi & rangka
Bentuk kerangka2-pintu pikap truk
2-pintu pikap truk kabin panjang
4-pintu pikap truk kabin kru
PlatformChrysler AD platform
Mobil terkaitDodge Ramcharger
Penyalur daya
Mesin225 cu in (3,69 L) slant-6 I6
239 cu in (3,92 L) LA V6
318 cu in (5,21 L) LA V8
360 cu in (5,9 L) LA V8
59 L (3.600 cu in) Cummins diesel I6
Transmisi3- atau 4-percepatan Torqueflite otomatis
4- or 5-percepatan manual
Dimensi
Jarak sumbu rodaRegular cab/6.5' bed:
115 in (2.921 mm)
Regular cab/8' bed:
131 in (3.327 mm)
Club Cab/6.5' bed:
133 in (3.378 mm)
Club Cab/8' bed:
149 in (3.785 mm)
Crew cab/8' bed:
165 in (4.191 mm)
Panjang1.908 in (48.463 mm)
2.108 in (53.543 mm)
Lebar795 in (20.193 mm)
Tinggi76 in (1.930 mm)
73 in (1.854 mm)

Generasi kedua (1994; BR/BE)

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Generasi kedua
1997 Dodge Ram 1500 Extended Cab
Informasi
Masa produksiJuli 1993[2] - Juli 2001 [3] (Ram 1500)
Juli 1993–Juli 2002 (Ram 2500 dan 3500)
PerakitanAmerika Serikat:
Warren, Michigan
St. Louis, Missouri
Meksiko:
PerancangPhillip E. Payne (1989)
Bodi & rangka
Bentuk kerangka2-pintu Regular Cab
2-pintu Club Cab
4-pintu Quad Cab
Mobil terkaitDodge Ramcharger (Meksiko)
Penyalur daya
Mesin3.9 L Magnum V6
5.2 L Magnum V8
5.9 L Magnum V8
5.9 L Cummins turbo-diesel I6
8.0 L Magnum V10
Transmisi4-percepatan 42RH-RE otomatis
4-percepatan 46RH-RE otomatis
4-percepatan 47RH-RE otomatis
5-percepatan NV3500 manual
5-percepatan NV4500 manual
6-percepatan NV5600 manual
Dimensi
Jarak sumbu roda1.187 in (30.150 mm) (2-pintu, short bed)
1.347 in (34.214 mm) (2-pintu, long bed)
1.547 in (39.294 mm)
Panjang2.041 in (51.841 mm)
2.242 in (56.947 mm)
2.441 in (62.001 mm)
Lebar793 in (20.142 mm)
935 in (23.749 mm) (Towing mirrors)
Tinggi722 in (18.339 mm)

Generasi ketiga (2002; DR/DH/D1/DC/DM)

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Generasi ketiga: Dodge Ram
Dodge Ram 1500 Regular Cab
Informasi
Masa produksi24 Juli 2001[4]–2008 (1500)
Agustus 2002 [5] –2009 (2500 & 3500)
PerancangCliff Wilkins (1998)
Bodi & rangka
Bentuk kerangka2-pintu regular cab
4-pintu Quad Cab
4-pintu Mega Cab
Mobil terkaitSterling Bullet
Penyalur daya
Mesin3.7 L Magnum V6
4.7 L Magnum V8
5.7 L Hemi V8
5.9 L Magnum V8
5.9 L Cummins diesel I6
6.7 L Cummins diesel I6
8.0 L Magnum V10
8.3 L Viper V10
Transmisi4-percepatan 42RLE otomatis
4-percepatan 45RFE otomatis
4-percepatan 48RE otomatis
5-percepatan 545RFE otomatis
6-speed 68RFE otomatis
6-percepatan AS68RC
6-percepatan NV5600 manual
5-percepatan NV4500 manual
6-percepatan G56 manual
6-percepatan Getrag 238 manual
Dimensi
Jarak sumbu roda1.205 in (30.607 mm)
1.405 in (35.687 mm)
1.605 in (40.767 mm)
Panjang2.951 in (74.955 mm)
2.831 in (71.907 mm)
2.791 in (70.891 mm)
2.591 in (65.811 mm)
2.551 in (64.795 mm)
2.351 in (59.715 mm)
2.077 in (52.756 mm)
2.297 in (58.344 mm)
2.497 in (63.424 mm)
Lebar795 in (20.193 mm)
96 in (2.438 mm) (Towing mirrors)
Tinggi75.7-80.8 in (1923–2052 mm)

Generasi keempat (2009; DS/DJ/D2)

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Generasi keempat: Ram/Dodge Ram
2019 Ram 1500 Classic Crew Cab
Informasi
Juga disebutDodge Ram 1500 (2009-2010)
Ram 1500 (2011–2018)
Ram 1500 Classic (2019–sekarang)
Dodge Ram 2500/3500 (2009–2010)
Ram 2500/3500 (2011-2018)
Ram 4000 (Meksiko, chassis cab)
Dodge Ram (Amerika Selatan)
ASV Ram (Australia)
Masa produksiSeptember 12, 2008[6]-Sekarang
Model untuk tahun2009–sekarang[7]
PerakitanWarren, Michigan (Warren Truck Assembly)
Saltillo, Meksiko (Saltillo Truck Assembly)
Clayton, Victoria, Australia (FCA Australia)
PerancangRyan Nagode, Scott Krugger (2006)[8]
Bodi & rangka
Bentuk kerangka2-pintu regular cab
4-pintu Quad Cab (hanya 1500)
4-pintu crew cab
4-pintu Mega Cab (hanya HD)
Penyalur daya
Mesin3,7 L (226 cu in) PowerTech V6
3,6 L (220 cu in) Chrysler Pentastar V6
4,7 L (287 cu in) V8
3,0 L (183 cu in) Eco-Diesel V6
5,7 L (345 cu in) HEMI V8
6,4 L (392 cu in) HEMI V8
6,7 L (408 cu in) Cummins Turbo-Diesel I6
Transmisi4-percepatan 45RFE otomatis[9]
5-percepatan 545RFE otomatis
6-percepatan 66RFE otomatis
6-percepatan 68RFE otomatis
6-percepatan G56 manual
8-percepatan 845RE otomatis (2013–)[10]
8-percepatan ZF 8HP75-LCV otomatis (2019 –)
6-percepatan Aisin AS68RC otomatis
Dimensi
Jarak sumbu roda4500/5500 Crew Cab MWB: 1.972 in (50.100 mm)
4500/5500 Regular Cab Ext. LWB: 2.043 in (51.900 mm)
4500/5500 Regular Cab LWB: 1.923 in (48.800 mm)
Reg. Cab Short Bed: 120 in (3048 mm)
Reg. Cab Long Bed & Quad Cab: 140 in (3556 mm)
2WD 2500 Crew Cab SWB: 1.494 in (37.900 mm)
4WD 2500 Crew Cab SWB: 1.489 in (37.800 mm)
2500 Crew Cab LWB 2WD: 1.694 in (43.000 mm)
2500 Crew Cab LWB 4WD: 1.689 in (42.900 mm)
Regular Cab 2500 : 1.405 in (35.700 mm)
3500 Regular Chassis Cab: 1.434 in (36.400 mm)
3500 Regular Cab LWB: 1.674 in (42.500 mm)
3500 Crew Cab: 1.723 in (43.800 mm)
4500 & 5500 Regular Cab LWB: 1.443 in (36.700 mm)
4500/5500 Regular Cab MWB: 1.683 in (42.700 mm)
4500/5500 Crew Cab SWB: 1.733 in (44.000 mm)
Panjang4500/5500 Crew Cab MWB: 2.870 in (73.000 mm)
4500/5500 Crew Cab SWB: 2.630 in (67.000 mm)
4500/5500 Regular Cab Ext. LWB: 2.941 in (74.700 mm)
4500/5500 Regular Cab LWB: 2.821 in (71.700 mm)
Crew Cab 3500: 2.594 in (65.900 mm)
2500 LWB Crew Cab: Regular Cab: 2.090 in (53.000 mm)
Extended Cab: 2.269 in (57.600 mm)
Quad Cab: 2.290 in (58.000 mm)
Crew Cab: 2.275 in (57.800 mm)
2500 Crew Cab SWB: 2.374 in (60.300 mm)
2500 Crew Cab LWB: 2.594 in (65.900 mm)
Regular Cab 2500: 2.310 in (59.000 mm)
3500 Chassis Cab: 2.341 in (59.500 mm)
3500 Regular Cab LWB: 2.581 in (65.600 mm)
3500 Crew Cab & 4500/5500 Regular Cabs: 2.630 in (67.000 mm)
4500/5500 Regular Cab: 2.341 in (59.500 mm)
Lebar2.017 mm (79,4 in)
Heavy Duty Crew Cab, 4500, 5500 & 3500: 791 in (20.100 mm)
Heavy Duty Regular Cab: 789 in (20.000 mm)
Tinggi73.3–80.6
73.3–73.9 (1500 4x2)
74.1–74.8 (1500 4x4)
73.3–73.7 (2500 4x2)
75.7–77.7 (2500 4x4)
78.0–78.8 (3500)
79.8–80.6 in (4500/5500)

Generasi kelima (2019; DT)

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Artikel utama: Ram 1500 (DT), Ram Heavy Duty (Generasi kelima), Ram 1500 REV, dan Ram 1500 Ramcharger
Generasi kelima
2019 Ram 1500 Laramie
Informasi
Masa produksiJanuari 2018–sekarang
Model untuk tahun2019–sekarang
Perakitan
Bodi & rangka
Bentuk kerangka4-pintu Quad Cab
4-pintu crew cab
Mobil terkaitWagoneer/Grand Wagoneer
2019 Ram 1500 Laramie Crew Cab (belakang)

Referensi

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  1. ^ j. "Kelly" Flory, Jr (December 9, 2019). American Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles, 1967-1989: Every Model, Year by Year. ISBN 9780786475407. 
  2. ^ "Ram's New Run at Truck Market". Chicago Tribune. 
  3. ^ "2001 Dodge Ram Information". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-06-05. 
  4. ^ "USA: Chrysler begins 2002 Dodge Ram production". 2001-07-25. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-05-08. Diakses tanggal 2023-02-28. 
  5. ^ "The 2003 Ram model year". dodgeram.info. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal June 28, 2020. 
  6. ^ "2009 Dodge Ram Production Kicks Off Today in Ceremonial Style". Edmunds Inside Line. September 12, 2009. Diakses tanggal 2009-11-20. 
  7. ^ "Ram Classic tries Chevy trick". January 18, 2018. 
  8. ^ The 'C' Team (2008-04-17). "Chrysler Corporation LLC: Ram Tough Choices - 2009 Dodge Ram sketches by Pickuptruck.Com". Chryslercorporationllc.blogspot.com. Diakses tanggal 2015-06-29. 
  9. ^ Siler, Steve (October 2008). "2009 Dodge Ram 1500". Car and Driver. Hearst Communications. Diakses tanggal May 17, 2013. 
  10. ^ "ZF to Supply 8-Speed Automatic Transmission to new 2013 Ram 1500 Pick-up Truck". ZF Friedrichshafen AG. Diakses tanggal April 20, 2012. 

Pranala luar

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Dodge Ram.
Ikon rintisan

Artikel bertopik otomotif ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=Dodge_Ram&oldid=25846672"