Keliyun: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Taxobox |
{{Taxobox |
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| name = ''Magnolia'' |
| name = ''Magnolia'' |
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| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Paleogene|0|Paleogen–Sekarang|ref=<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Lu-Liang |last2=Jin |first2=Jian-Hua |last3=Quan |first3=Cheng |last4=Oskolski |first4=Alexei A. |date=January 2020 |title=Mummified Magnoliaceae woods from the upper Oligocene of South China, with biogeography, paleoecology, and wood trait evolution implications |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jse.12480 |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |language=en |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=89–100 |doi=10.1111/jse.12480 |s2cid=91861708 |issn=1674-4918}}</ref>}} |
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| image =Magnolia_wieseneri.jpg |
| image =Magnolia_wieseneri.jpg |
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| image_caption = ''[[Magnolia × wieseneri]]'' |
| image_caption = ''[[Magnolia × wieseneri]]'' |
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| regnum = [[Plantae]] |
| regnum = [[Plantae]] |
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| unranked_subregnum = [[Tumbuhan berpembuluh|Tracheophyta]] |
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| unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]] |
| unranked_divisio = [[Tumbuhan berbunga|Angiospermae]] |
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| unranked_classis = [[Magnoliid]] |
| unranked_classis = [[Magnoliid]] |
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| ordo = [[Magnoliales]] |
| ordo = [[Magnoliales]] |
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| familia = [[Magnoliaceae]] |
| familia = [[Magnoliaceae]] |
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| synonyms_ref = <ref name="POWO_30000709-2">{{cite web |title=''Magnolia'' Plum. ex L.. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000709-2 |access-date=2022-03-25}}</ref> |
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="POWO_30000709-2">{{cite web |title=''Magnolia'' Plum. ex L.. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000709-2 |access-date=2022-03-25}}</ref> |
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|}} |
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'''''Magnolia''''' adalah salah satu [[marga]] [[tumbuhan berbunga]] yang dikenal luas karena bunganya yang indah atau menyebarkan aroma yang harum. Anggotanya cukup besar, dan saat ini tengah mengalami revisi. Petunjuk-petunjuk molekuler memperlihatkan bahwa marga-marga seperti ''[[Talauma]]'', ''[[Dugandiodendron]]'', ''[[Manglietia]]'', ''[[Michelia]]'', ''[[Elmerrillia]]'', ''[[Kmeria]]'', ''[[Parakmeria]]'', ''[[Pachylarnax]]'', dan beberapa marga spesies tunggal layak dimasukkan ke dalam ''Magnolia'' s.l. (s.l. = ''sensu lato'': 'dalam arti luas'; sebagai lawan dari s.s. = ''sensu stricto'': 'dalam arti sempit'). Marga ''Magnolia'' s.s. mencakup sekitar 120 jenis saja. Nama marga ini diambil dari [[botani]]wan [[Prancis]], [[Pierre Magnol]]. |
'''Keliyun''' atau '''keliun ''(Magnolia)''''' adalah salah satu [[marga]] [[tumbuhan berbunga]] yang dikenal luas karena bunganya yang indah atau menyebarkan aroma yang harum. Anggotanya cukup besar, dan saat ini tengah mengalami revisi. Petunjuk-petunjuk molekuler memperlihatkan bahwa marga-marga seperti ''[[Talauma]]'', ''[[Dugandiodendron]]'', ''[[Manglietia]]'', ''[[Michelia]]'', ''[[Elmerrillia]]'', ''[[Kmeria]]'', ''[[Parakmeria]]'', ''[[Pachylarnax]]'', dan beberapa marga spesies tunggal layak dimasukkan ke dalam ''Magnolia'' s.l. (s.l. = ''sensu lato'': 'dalam arti luas'; sebagai lawan dari s.s. = ''sensu stricto'': 'dalam arti sempit'). Marga ''Magnolia'' s.s. mencakup sekitar 120 jenis saja. Nama marga ini diambil dari [[botani]]wan [[Prancis]], [[Pierre Magnol]]. |
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Marga ''Magnolia'' menunjukkan ciri-ciri evolusi primitif. Perhiasan bunganya tidak tersusun dalam lingkaran berlapis, seperti kebanyakan bunga, tetapi tersusun secara [[spiral]]. Fosil-fosilnya berumur sampai 20 juta tahun, sehingga diketahui bahwa ''Magnolia'' berevolusi lebih awal daripada lebah.<ref>{{cite book |last=Crane |first=P.R. |date=1988 |chapter=The phylogenetic position and fossil history of the Magnoliaceae |editor1-last=Hunt |editor1-first=David R. |title=Magnolias and their allies: Proceedings of an International Symposium, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, U.K., 12-13 April 1996 |location=Milbourne Port |page=21 |isbn=9780951723487 |oclc=40781614}}</ref> Bunganya tidak dirancang untuk diserbuki oleh [[lebah]] tetapi [[kumbang]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Convergent evolution and adaptive radiation of beetle-pollinated angiosperms |last=Bernhardt |first=P. |journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution |volume=222 |issue=1–4 |pages=293–320 |date=2000 |url=http://www.uvm.edu/~dbarring/241/bernhardt2000.pdf |doi=10.1007/bf00984108 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223060505/http://www.uvm.edu/~dbarring/241/bernhardt2000.pdf |archivedate=2015-12-23 }}</ref> |
Marga ''Magnolia'' menunjukkan ciri-ciri evolusi primitif. Perhiasan bunganya tidak tersusun dalam lingkaran berlapis, seperti kebanyakan bunga, tetapi tersusun secara [[spiral]]. Fosil-fosilnya berumur sampai 20 juta tahun, sehingga diketahui bahwa ''Magnolia'' berevolusi lebih awal daripada lebah.<ref>{{cite book |last=Crane |first=P.R. |date=1988 |chapter=The phylogenetic position and fossil history of the Magnoliaceae |editor1-last=Hunt |editor1-first=David R. |title=Magnolias and their allies: Proceedings of an International Symposium, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, U.K., 12-13 April 1996 |location=Milbourne Port |page=21 |isbn=9780951723487 |oclc=40781614}}</ref> Bunganya tidak dirancang untuk diserbuki oleh [[lebah]] tetapi [[kumbang]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Convergent evolution and adaptive radiation of beetle-pollinated angiosperms |last=Bernhardt |first=P. |journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution |volume=222 |issue=1–4 |pages=293–320 |date=2000 |url=http://www.uvm.edu/~dbarring/241/bernhardt2000.pdf |doi=10.1007/bf00984108 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223060505/http://www.uvm.edu/~dbarring/241/bernhardt2000.pdf |archivedate=2015-12-23 }}</ref> |
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| Baris 59: | Baris 61: | ||
Persebaran jenis-jenis ''Magnolia'' tidak kontinu. Pusat keanekaragaman utamanya adalah di [[Asia Tenggara]] dan [[Asia Timur]]. Pusat persebaran sekunder adalah di benua [[Amerika]]. Beberapa jenis ''Magnolia'' dikenal sebagai tumbuhan penghias kebun dan pelengkap upacara tradisional [[Nusantara]], seperti [[cempaka]] dan [[kantil]]. |
Persebaran jenis-jenis ''Magnolia'' tidak kontinu. Pusat keanekaragaman utamanya adalah di [[Asia Tenggara]] dan [[Asia Timur]]. Pusat persebaran sekunder adalah di benua [[Amerika]]. Beberapa jenis ''Magnolia'' dikenal sebagai tumbuhan penghias kebun dan pelengkap upacara tradisional [[Nusantara]], seperti [[cempaka]] dan [[kantil]]. |
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== Daftar spesies<ref name=MS2012>{{cite web |url=https://www.magnoliasociety.org/Classification |title=Magnolia Classification |last=Figlar |first=Richard B. |date=April 2012 |publisher=Magnolia Society International |access-date=27 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312020122/https://www.magnoliasociety.org/Classification |archive-date=12 March 2022}}</ref> == |
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== Daftar spesies<ref name=MS2012/> == |
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=== Subgenus ''Magnolia'' === |
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;Bagian ''Magnolia'' |
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* ''[[Magnolia faustinomirandae]]'' <small>A.Vázquez</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia faustinomirandae]]'' <small>A.Vázquez</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia grandiflora]]'' <small>L.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia grandiflora]]'' <small>L.</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia virginiana]]'' <small>L.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia virginiana]]'' <small>L.</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia yoroconte]]'' <small>Dandy</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia yoroconte]]'' <small>Dandy</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia zamudioi]]'' <small>A.Vázquez</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia zamudioi]]'' <small>A.Vázquez</small> |
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; Bagian ''Gwillimia'' |
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;; Subbagian ''Gwillimia'' |
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* ''[[Magnolia albosericea]]'' <small>Chun & Tsoong.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia albosericea]]'' <small>Chun & Tsoong.</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia bawangensis]]'' <small>Law, R.Z.Zhou & D.M.Liu</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia bawangensis]]'' <small>Law, R.Z.Zhou & D.M.Liu</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia odoratissima]]'' <small>Law et Zhou</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia odoratissima]]'' <small>Law et Zhou</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia pterocarpa]]'' <small>Roxb.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia pterocarpa]]'' <small>Roxb.</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia xiana]]'' <small>Noot.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia xiana]]'' <small>Noot.</small> |
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;; Subbagian ''Blumiana'' |
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* ''[[Magnolia angatensis]]'' <small>Blanco</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia angatensis]]'' <small>Blanco</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia betongensis]]'' <small>(Craib) H.Keng</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia betongensis]]'' <small>(Craib) H.Keng</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia sarawakensis]]'' <small>(Agostini) Noot.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia sarawakensis]]'' <small>(Agostini) Noot.</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia singapurensis]]'' <small>(Ridl.) H.Keng</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia singapurensis]]'' <small>(Ridl.) H.Keng</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia villosa]]'' <small>(Miq.) H.Keng</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia villosa]]'' <small>(Miq.) H.Keng</small> |
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; Bagian ''Talauma'' |
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;; Subbagian ''Talauma'' |
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* ''[[Magnolia allenii]]'' <small>Standl.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia allenii]]'' <small>Standl.</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia amazonica]]'' <small>(Ducke) Govaerts</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia amazonica]]'' <small>(Ducke) Govaerts</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia venezuelensis]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia venezuelensis]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia virolinensis]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia virolinensis]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia wolfii]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia wolfii]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small> |
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;; Subbagian ''Dugandiodendron'' |
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* ''[[Magnolia argyrothricha]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia argyrothricha]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia calimaensis]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia calimaensis]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia striatifolia]]'' <small>Little</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia striatifolia]]'' <small>Little</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia urraoense]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia urraoense]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia yarumalense]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia yarumalense]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small> |
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;; Subbagian ''Cubenses'' |
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* ''[[Magnolia cristalensis]]'' <small>Bisse</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia cristalensis]]'' <small>Bisse</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia cubensis]]'' <small>Urb.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia cubensis]]'' <small>Urb.</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia pallescens]]'' <small>Urb. & Ekman</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia pallescens]]'' <small>Urb. & Ekman</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia portoricensis]]'' <small>Bello</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia portoricensis]]'' <small>Bello</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia splendens]]'' <small>Urban</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia splendens]]'' <small>Urban</small> |
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; Bagian ''Manglietia'' |
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* ''[[Magnolia aromatica]]'' <small>(Dandy) V.S.Kumar</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia aromatica]]'' <small>(Dandy) V.S.Kumar</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia blaoensis]]'' <small>(Gagnep.) Dandy</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia blaoensis]]'' <small>(Gagnep.) Dandy</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia xinganensis]]'' <small>Noot.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia xinganensis]]'' <small>Noot.</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia yuyuanensis]]'' <small>(Y.W.Law) V.S.Kumar</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia yuyuanensis]]'' <small>(Y.W.Law) V.S.Kumar</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia zhengyiana]]'' <small>(N.H.Xia) Noot.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia zhengyiana]]'' <small>(N.H.Xia) Noot.</small> |
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; Bagian ''Kmeria'' |
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* ''[[Magnolia duperreana]]'' <small>Pierre</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia duperreana]]'' <small>Pierre</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia kwangsiensis]]'' <small>Figlar & Noot.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia kwangsiensis]]'' <small>Figlar & Noot.</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia thailandica]]'' <small>Noot. & Chalermglin</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia thailandica]]'' <small>Noot. & Chalermglin</small> |
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; Bagian ''Rhytidospermum'' |
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;; Subbagian ''Rhytidospermum'' |
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* ''[[Magnolia obovata]]'' <small>Thunb.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia obovata]]'' <small>Thunb.</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia officinalis]]'' <small>Rehd. & Wilson</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia officinalis]]'' <small>Rehd. & Wilson</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia rostrata]]'' <small>W.W.Smith</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia rostrata]]'' <small>W.W.Smith</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia tripetala]]'' <small>(L.) L.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia tripetala]]'' <small>(L.) L.</small> |
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;; Subbagian ''Oyama'' |
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* ''[[Magnolia globosa]]'' <small>Hook. f. & Thoms.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia globosa]]'' <small>Hook. f. & Thoms.</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia sieboldii]]'' <small>K. Koch</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia sieboldii]]'' <small>K. Koch</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia wilsonii]]'' <small>(Finet. & Gagnep.) Rehd.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia wilsonii]]'' <small>(Finet. & Gagnep.) Rehd.</small> |
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; Bagian ''Auriculata'' |
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* ''[[Magnolia fraseri]]'' <small>Walt.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia fraseri]]'' <small>Walt.</small> |
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; Bagian ''Macrophylla'' |
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* ''[[Magnolia dealbata]]'' <small>Zuccarini</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia dealbata]]'' <small>Zuccarini</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia macrophylla]]'' <small>Michx.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia macrophylla]]'' <small>Michx.</small> |
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| Baris 250: | Baris 252: | ||
{{Clear}}<!-- Please do not remove, otherwise the last picture from the previous subgenus is displayed next to this one --> |
{{Clear}}<!-- Please do not remove, otherwise the last picture from the previous subgenus is displayed next to this one --> |
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=== Subgenus ''Yulania'' === |
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; Bagian ''Yulania'' |
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;; Subbagian ''Yulania'' |
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* ''[[Magnolia amoena]]'' <small>W.C. Cheng</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia amoena]]'' <small>W.C. Cheng</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia biondii]]'' <small>Pampan</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia biondii]]'' <small>Pampan</small> |
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| Baris 269: | Baris 271: | ||
* ''[[Magnolia sprengeri]]'' <small>Pampan</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia sprengeri]]'' <small>Pampan</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia stellata]]'' <small>(Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia stellata]]'' <small>(Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim.</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia zenii]]'' <small>Cheng</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia zenii]]'' <small>Cheng</small> |
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;; Subbagian ''Tulipastrum'' |
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* ''[[Magnolia acuminata]]'' <small>(L.) L.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia acuminata]]'' <small>(L.) L.</small> |
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; Bagian ''Michelia'' |
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;; Subbagian ''Michelia'' |
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* ''[[Magnolia × alba]]'' <small>(DC.) Figlar & Noot.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia × alba]]'' <small>(DC.) Figlar & Noot.</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia angustioblonga]]'' <small>(Law & Wu) Figlar</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia angustioblonga]]'' <small>(Law & Wu) Figlar</small> |
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| Baris 332: | Baris 334: | ||
* ''[[Magnolia subulifera]]'' <small>(Dandy) Figlar</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia subulifera]]'' <small>(Dandy) Figlar</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia sumatrae]]'' <small>(Dandy) Figlar & Noot.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia sumatrae]]'' <small>(Dandy) Figlar & Noot.</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia xanthantha]]'' <small>(C.Y.Wu ex Law & Y.F.Wu) Figlar</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia xanthantha]]'' <small>(C.Y.Wu ex Law & Y.F.Wu) Figlar</small> |
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;; Subbagian ''Elmerrillia'' |
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* ''[[Magnolia platyphylla]]'' <small>(Merr.) Figlar & Noot.</small><ref>{{cite web |title=''Magnolia platyphylla'' |series=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=252961 |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens |place=Kew, UK |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> |
* ''[[Magnolia platyphylla]]'' <small>(Merr.) Figlar & Noot.</small><ref>{{cite web |title=''Magnolia platyphylla'' |series=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=252961 |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens |place=Kew, UK |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> |
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* ''[[Magnolia pubescens]]'' <small>(Merr.) Figlar & Noot.</small><ref>{{cite web |title=''Magnolia pubescens'' |series=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=252964 |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens |place=Kew, UK |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> |
* ''[[Magnolia pubescens]]'' <small>(Merr.) Figlar & Noot.</small><ref>{{cite web |title=''Magnolia pubescens'' |series=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=252964 |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens |place=Kew, UK |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> |
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| Baris 341: | Baris 343: | ||
* ''[[Magnolia vrieseana]]'' <small>(Miq.) Baill. ex Pierre</small><ref>{{cite web |title=Magnolia vrieseana |series=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=117895 |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens |place=Kew, UK |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> |
* ''[[Magnolia vrieseana]]'' <small>(Miq.) Baill. ex Pierre</small><ref>{{cite web |title=Magnolia vrieseana |series=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=117895 |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens |place=Kew, UK |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> |
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;; Subbagian ''Maingola'' |
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* ''[[Magnolia annamensis]]'' <small>Dandy</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia annamensis]]'' <small>Dandy</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia carsonii]]'' <small>Dandy ex Noot.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia carsonii]]'' <small>Dandy ex Noot.</small> |
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| Baris 348: | Baris 350: | ||
* ''[[Magnolia gustavii]]'' <small>King</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia gustavii]]'' <small>King</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia macklottii]]'' <small>(Korth.) Dandy</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia macklottii]]'' <small>(Korth.) Dandy</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia pealiana]]'' <small>King</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia pealiana]]'' <small>King</small> |
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;; Subbagian ''Aromadendron'' |
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* ''[[Magnolia ashtonii]]'' <small>Dandy ex. Noot.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia ashtonii]]'' <small>Dandy ex. Noot.</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia bintuluensis]]'' <small>(Agostini) Noot.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia bintuluensis]]'' <small>(Agostini) Noot.</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia pahangensis]]'' <small>Noot.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia pahangensis]]'' <small>Noot.</small> |
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=== Subgenus ''Gynopodium'' === |
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; Bagian ''Gynopodium'' |
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* ''[[Magnolia kachirachirai]]'' <small>(Kanehira & Yamamoto) Dandy</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia kachirachirai]]'' <small>(Kanehira & Yamamoto) Dandy</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia lotungensis]]'' <small>Chun & Tsoon</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia lotungensis]]'' <small>Chun & Tsoon</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia nitida]]'' <small>W.W.Smith</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia nitida]]'' <small>W.W.Smith</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia omeiensis]]'' <small>(Hu & Cheng) Dandy</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia omeiensis]]'' <small>(Hu & Cheng) Dandy</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia yunnanensis]]'' <small>(Hu) Noot.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia yunnanensis]]'' <small>(Hu) Noot.</small> |
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; Bagian ''Manglietiastrum'' |
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* ''[[Magnolia pleiocarpa]]'' <small>(Dandy) Figlar & Noot.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia pleiocarpa]]'' <small>(Dandy) Figlar & Noot.</small> |
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* ''[[Magnolia praecalva]]'' <small>(Dandy) Figlar & Noot.</small> |
* ''[[Magnolia praecalva]]'' <small>(Dandy) Figlar & Noot.</small> |
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Revisi terkini sejak 22 Juni 2024 04.51
| Magnolia | |
|---|---|
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| Magnolia × wieseneri | |
| Klasifikasi ilmiah | |
| Kerajaan: | |
| (tanpa takson): | |
| (tanpa takson): | |
| (tanpa takson): | |
| Ordo: | |
| Famili: | |
| Genus: | Magnolia |
| Spesies | |
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lihat teks | |
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Keliyun atau keliun (Magnolia) adalah salah satu marga tumbuhan berbunga yang dikenal luas karena bunganya yang indah atau menyebarkan aroma yang harum. Anggotanya cukup besar, dan saat ini tengah mengalami revisi. Petunjuk-petunjuk molekuler memperlihatkan bahwa marga-marga seperti Talauma, Dugandiodendron, Manglietia, Michelia, Elmerrillia, Kmeria, Parakmeria, Pachylarnax, dan beberapa marga spesies tunggal layak dimasukkan ke dalam Magnolia s.l. (s.l. = sensu lato: 'dalam arti luas'; sebagai lawan dari s.s. = sensu stricto: 'dalam arti sempit'). Marga Magnolia s.s. mencakup sekitar 120 jenis saja. Nama marga ini diambil dari botaniwan Prancis, Pierre Magnol.
Marga Magnolia menunjukkan ciri-ciri evolusi primitif. Perhiasan bunganya tidak tersusun dalam lingkaran berlapis, seperti kebanyakan bunga, tetapi tersusun secara spiral. Fosil-fosilnya berumur sampai 20 juta tahun, sehingga diketahui bahwa Magnolia berevolusi lebih awal daripada lebah.[3] Bunganya tidak dirancang untuk diserbuki oleh lebah tetapi kumbang.[4]
Persebaran jenis-jenis Magnolia tidak kontinu. Pusat keanekaragaman utamanya adalah di Asia Tenggara dan Asia Timur. Pusat persebaran sekunder adalah di benua Amerika. Beberapa jenis Magnolia dikenal sebagai tumbuhan penghias kebun dan pelengkap upacara tradisional Nusantara, seperti cempaka dan kantil.
Daftar spesies[5]
[sunting | sunting sumber]Subgenus Magnolia
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Bagian Magnolia
- Magnolia faustinomirandae A.Vázquez
- Magnolia grandiflora L.
- Magnolia guatemalensis Donn. Sm.
- Magnolia guerrerensis J.Jiménez Ram., K.Vega & Cruz Durán
- Magnolia iltisiana Vazquez
- Magnolia krusei J.Jiménez Ram. & Cruz Durán
- Magnolia oaxacensis A.Vázquez
- Magnolia pacifica Vazquez
- Magnolia panamensis Vazquez & Iltis
- Magnolia pedrazae A.Vázquez
- Magnolia poasana (Pittier) Dandy
- Magnolia poqomchi M.J.Serrano & A.Vázquez[6]
- Magnolia schiedeana Schltdl.
- Magnolia sharpii Meranda
- Magnolia sororum Seibert
- Magnolia tamaulipana Vazquez
- Magnolia tarahumara (Vazquez) A.Vázquez
- Magnolia vazquezii Cruz Durán & K.Vega
- Magnolia virginiana L.
- Magnolia yoroconte Dandy
- Magnolia zamudioi A.Vázquez
- Bagian Gwillimia
- Subbagian Gwillimia
- Magnolia albosericea Chun & Tsoong.
- Magnolia bawangensis Law, R.Z.Zhou & D.M.Liu
- Magnolia championii Benth
- Magnolia clemensiorum Dandy
- Magnolia coco (Lour.) DC.
- Magnolia delavayi Franchet
- Magnolia fistulosa (Finet & Gagnep.) Dandy
- Magnolia henryi Dunn
- Magnolia nana Dandy
- Magnolia odoratissima Law et Zhou
- Magnolia pterocarpa Roxb.
- Magnolia xiana Noot.
- Subbagian Blumiana
- Magnolia angatensis Blanco
- Magnolia betongensis (Craib) H.Keng
- Magnolia gigantifolia (Miq.) Noot.
- Magnolia hodgsonii (Hook.f. & Thom.) H.Keng
- Magnolia lasia Noot.
- Magnolia liliifera (L.) Baillon
- Magnolia mariusjacobsia Noot.
- Magnolia persuaveolens Dandy
- Magnolia rabaniana Hook.f. & Thomson D.C.S.Raju & M.P.Nayer
- Magnolia sarawakensis (Agostini) Noot.
- Magnolia singapurensis (Ridl.) H.Keng
- Magnolia villosa (Miq.) H.Keng
- Bagian Talauma
- Subbagian Talauma
- Magnolia allenii Standl.
- Magnolia amazonica (Ducke) Govaerts
- Magnolia arcabucoana (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia bankardiorum M.O.Dillon & Sánchez Vega
- Magnolia boliviana (M.Nee) Govaerts
- Magnolia caricifragrans (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia cespedesii (Triana & Planch) Govaerts
- Magnolia chocoensis (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia coronata M.Serna, C.Velásquez & Cogollo
- Magnolia dixonii (Little) Govaerts
- Magnolia dodecapetala (Lam.) Govaerts
- Magnolia espinalii (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia georgii (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia gilbertoi (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia gloriensis (Pittier) Govaerts
- Magnolia henaoi (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia hernandezii (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia irwiniana (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia jardinensis M.Serna, C.Velásquez & Cogollo
- Magnolia katiorum (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia lacandonica Vazquez-Garcia, Perez-Farrera, Martinez-Camilo, Muniz-Castro & Martinez-Melendez
- Magnolia manguillo Marcelo-Peña & F. Arroyo
- Magnolia mexicana DC.
- Magnolia minor (Urb.) Govaerts
- Magnolia morii (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia narinensis (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia neillii (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia ovata (A.St.-Hil.) Spreng.
- Magnolia polyhypsophylla (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia quetzal Vazquez-Garcia, Veliz-Perez, Triboullier-Navas & Muniz-Castro
- Magnolia rimachii (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia sambuensis (Pittier) Govaerts
- Magnolia santanderiana (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia sellowiana (A.St.-Hil.) Govaerts
- Magnolia silvioi (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia venezuelensis (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia virolinensis (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia wolfii (Lozano) Govaerts
- Subbagian Dugandiodendron
- Magnolia argyrothricha (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia calimaensis (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia calophylla (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia cararensis (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia chimantensis Steyermark & Maguire
- Magnolia colombiana (Little) Govaerts
- Magnolia guatapensis (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia jaenensis Marcelo-Peña
- Magnolia lenticellata (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia magnifolia (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia mahechae (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia ptaritepuiana Steyermark
- Magnolia striatifolia Little
- Magnolia urraoense (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia yarumalense (Lozano) Govaerts
- Subbagian Cubenses
- Magnolia cristalensis Bisse
- Magnolia cubensis Urb.
- Magnolia domingensis Urb.
- Magnolia ekmannii Urb.
- Magnolia emarginata Urb. & Ekman
- Magnolia hamorii Howard
- Magnolia pallescens Urb. & Ekman
- Magnolia portoricensis Bello
- Magnolia splendens Urban
- Bagian Manglietia
- Magnolia aromatica (Dandy) V.S.Kumar
- Magnolia blaoensis (Gagnep.) Dandy
- Magnolia blumei Prantl
- Magnolia calophylloides Figlar & Noot.
- Magnolia caveana (Hook.f. & Thoms.) D.C.Raju & M.P.Nayer
- Magnolia changhuntana Noot.
- Magnolia chevalieri (Dandy) V.S.Kumar
- Magnolia conifera (Dandy) V.S.Kumar
- Magnolia crassipes (Y.W.Law) V.S.Kumar
- Magnolia dandyi (Gapnep.) Dandy
- Magnolia decidua (Q.Y.Zheng) V.S.Kumar
- Magnolia duclouxii Finet & Gagnep.
- Magnolia figlarii V.S.Kumar
- Magnolia fordiana (Oliv.) Hu
- Magnolia garrettii (Craib) V.S.Kumar
- Magnolia grandis (Hu & W.C.Cheng) V.S.Kumar
- Magnolia hongheensis (Y.M.Shui & W.H.Chen) V.S.Kumar
- Magnolia hookeri Cubitt & W.W.Sm.
- Magnolia insignis (Wall.) Blume
- Magnolia kwangtungensis Merr.
- Magnolia lanuginosoides Figlar & Noot.
- Magnolia longipedunculata (Q.W.Zeng & Law) V.S.Kumar
- Magnolia lucida (B.L. Chen & S.C. Yang) V.S. Kumar
- Magnolia obovalifolia (C.Y.Yu & Law) V.S.Kumar
- Magnolia ovoidea (H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) V.S.Kumar
- Magnolia patungensis (Hu) Noot.
- Magnolia rufibarbata (Dandy) V.S. Kumar
- Magnolia sabahensis (Dandy ex Noot.) Figlar & Noot.
- Magnolia sapaensis (N.H.Xia & Q.N.Vu) Grimshaw & Macer
- Magnolia utilis (Dandy) V.S.Kumar
- Magnolia ventii (N.V.Tiep) V.S.Kumar
- Magnolia xinganensis Noot.
- Magnolia yuyuanensis (Y.W.Law) V.S.Kumar
- Magnolia zhengyiana (N.H.Xia) Noot.
- Bagian Kmeria
- Magnolia duperreana Pierre
- Magnolia kwangsiensis Figlar & Noot.
- Magnolia thailandica Noot. & Chalermglin
- Bagian Rhytidospermum
- Subbagian Rhytidospermum
- Magnolia obovata Thunb.
- Magnolia officinalis Rehd. & Wilson
- Magnolia rostrata W.W.Smith
- Magnolia tripetala (L.) L.
- Subbagian Oyama
- Magnolia globosa Hook. f. & Thoms.
- Magnolia sieboldii K. Koch
- Magnolia wilsonii (Finet. & Gagnep.) Rehd.
- Bagian Auriculata
- Magnolia fraseri Walt.
- Bagian Macrophylla
- Magnolia dealbata Zuccarini
- Magnolia macrophylla Michx.
- Magnolia rzedowskiana A.Vázquez, Domínguez-Yescas & R.Pedraza
- Magnolia nuevoleonensis A.Vázquez & Domínguez-Yescas
- Magnolia vovidesii A.Vázquez, Domínguez-Yescas & L.Carvajal
Subgenus Yulania
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Bagian Yulania
- Subbagian Yulania
- Magnolia amoena W.C. Cheng
- Magnolia biondii Pampan
- Magnolia campbellii Hook. f. & Thomson
- Magnolia cylindrica Wilson
- Magnolia dawsoniana Rehd. & Wilson
- Magnolia denudata Desr.
- Magnolia kobus DC.
- Magnolia liliiflora Desr.
- Magnolia × loebneri Paul Kache
- Magnolia salicifolia (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim.
- Magnolia sargentiana Rehd. & Wilson
- Magnolia × soulangeana Thiéb.-Bern.
- Magnolia sprengeri Pampan
- Magnolia stellata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim.
- Magnolia zenii Cheng
- Subbagian Tulipastrum
- Magnolia acuminata (L.) L.
- Bagian Michelia
- Subbagian Michelia
- Magnolia × alba (DC.) Figlar & Noot.
- Magnolia angustioblonga (Law & Wu) Figlar
- Magnolia baillonii Pierre
- Magnolia balansae A.DC.
- Magnolia banghamii (Noot.) Figlar & Noot.
- Magnolia braianensis (Gagnep.) Figlar
- Magnolia cavaleriei (Finet & Gagnep.) Figlar
- Magnolia champaca (L.) Baillon ex Pierre
- Magnolia chapensis (Dandy) Sima
- Magnolia citrata Noot. & Chalermglin
- Magnolia compressa Maxim.
- Magnolia coriacea (H.T. Chang & B.L. Chen) Figlar
- Magnolia doltsopa (Buch.-Ham. Ex DC.) Figlar
- Magnolia elegantifolia Noot.
- Magnolia ernestii Figlar.
- Magnolia figo (Lour.) DC.
- Magnolia flaviflora (Law & Wu) Figlar
- Magnolia floribunda (Finet & Gagnep.) Figlar.
- Magnolia foveolata (Merr. Ex Dandy) Figlar
- Magnolia fujianensis (Q.F.Zheng) Figlar
- Magnolia fulva (H.T. Chang & B.L. Chen) Figlar
- Magnolia gioi (A.Chevalier) Noot.
- Magnolia guangdongensis (Y.H.Yan, Q.W.Zeng & F.W.Xing) Noot.
- Magnolia guangxiensis (Law & R.Z.Zhou) Sima
- Magnolia hypolampra (Dandy) Figlar
- Magnolia iteophylla (C.Y.Wu ex Y.W.Law & Y.F.Wu) Noot.
- Magnolia kingii (Dandy) Figlar
- Magnolia kisopa (Bush.-Ham. ex DC.) Figlar
- Magnolia koordersiana (Noot.) Figlar
- Magnolia lacei (W.W.Smith) Figlar
- Magnolia laevifolia (Law & Y.F.Wu) Noot.
- Magnolia lanuginosa (Wall.) Figlar & Noot.
- Magnolia leveilleana (Dandy) Figlar
- Magnolia macclurei (Dandy) Figlar
- Magnolia mannii (King) King
- Magnolia martinii H.Lev.
- Magnolia masticata (Dandy) Figlar
- Magnolia maudiae (Dunn) Figlar
- Magnolia mediocris (Dandy) Figlar
- Magnolia microcarpa (B.L.Chen & S.C.Yang) Sima
- Magnolia microtricha (Hand.-Mazz.) Figlar
- Magnolia montana (Blume) Figlar & Noot.
- Magnolia nilagirica (Zenker) Figlar
- Magnolia oblonga (Wall. Ex Hook.f. & Thomson) Figlar.
- Magnolia odora (Chun) Figlar & Noot.
- Magnolia opipara (H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) Sima
- Magnolia philippinensis P.Pharm
- Magnolia punduana (Hook.f. & Thoms.) Figlar
- Magnolia rajaniana (Craib.) Figlar.
- Magnolia scortechinii (King) Figlar & Noot.
- Magnolia shiluensis (Chun & Y.F.Wu) Figlar
- Magnolia sirindhorniae Noot. & Chalermglin
- Magnolia sphaerantha (C.Y.Wu ex Z.S.Yue) Sima
- Magnolia subulifera (Dandy) Figlar
- Magnolia sumatrae (Dandy) Figlar & Noot.
- Magnolia xanthantha (C.Y.Wu ex Law & Y.F.Wu) Figlar
- Subbagian Elmerrillia
- Magnolia platyphylla (Merr.) Figlar & Noot.[7]
- Magnolia pubescens (Merr.) Figlar & Noot.[8]
- Magnolia sulawesiana Brambach, Noot. & Culmsee[9]
- Magnolia tsiampacca (L.) Figlar & Noot.[10]
- Magnolia vrieseana (Miq.) Baill. ex Pierre[11]
- Subbagian Maingola
- Magnolia annamensis Dandy
- Magnolia carsonii Dandy ex Noot.
- Magnolia cathcartii (Hook.f. & Thoms.) Noot.
- Magnolia griffithii King
- Magnolia gustavii King
- Magnolia macklottii (Korth.) Dandy
- Magnolia pealiana King
- Subbagian Aromadendron
- Magnolia ashtonii Dandy ex. Noot.
- Magnolia bintuluensis (Agostini) Noot.
- Magnolia borneensis Noot.
- Magnolia elegans (Blume) Keng
- Magnolia pahangensis Noot.
Subgenus Gynopodium
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Bagian Gynopodium
- Magnolia kachirachirai (Kanehira & Yamamoto) Dandy
- Magnolia lotungensis Chun & Tsoon
- Magnolia nitida W.W.Smith
- Magnolia omeiensis (Hu & Cheng) Dandy
- Magnolia yunnanensis (Hu) Noot.
- Bagian Manglietiastrum
- Magnolia pleiocarpa (Dandy) Figlar & Noot.
- Magnolia praecalva (Dandy) Figlar & Noot.
- Magnolia sinica (Law) Noot.
Galeri
[sunting | sunting sumber]-
Magnolia stellata -
Magnolia grandiflora -
Magnolia obovata -
Magnolia champaca -
Magnolia × soulangeana -
Magnolia liliiflora
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Huang, Lu-Liang; Jin, Jian-Hua; Quan, Cheng; Oskolski, Alexei A. (January 2020). "Mummified Magnoliaceae woods from the upper Oligocene of South China, with biogeography, paleoecology, and wood trait evolution implications". Journal of Systematics and Evolution (dalam bahasa Inggris). 58 (1): 89–100. doi:10.1111/jse.12480. ISSN 1674-4918.
- ^ "Magnolia Plum. ex L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Diakses tanggal 2022-03-25.
- ^ Crane, P.R. (1988). "The phylogenetic position and fossil history of the Magnoliaceae". Dalam Hunt, David R. Magnolias and their allies: Proceedings of an International Symposium, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, U.K., 12-13 April 1996. Milbourne Port. hlm. 21. ISBN 9780951723487. OCLC 40781614.
- ^ Bernhardt, P. (2000). "Convergent evolution and adaptive radiation of beetle-pollinated angiosperms" (PDF). Plant Systematics and Evolution. 222 (1–4): 293–320. doi:10.1007/bf00984108. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2015-12-23.
- ^ Figlar, Richard B. (April 2012). "Magnolia Classification". Magnolia Society International. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 March 2022. Diakses tanggal 27 May 2020.
- ^ Serrano, Marcelo José; Grajeda-Estrada, Rafael; Villalobos, Andrés; Álvarez-Ruano, María Renée; Vázquez-García, J. Antonio (2020-08-04). "Magnolia poqomchi , a new species of subsection Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) from San Cristóbal Verapaz, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala". Phytotaxa (dalam bahasa Inggris). 454 (4): 231–243. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.454.4.1
. ISSN 1179-3163.
- ^ "Magnolia platyphylla". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Kew, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens. Diakses tanggal 7 August 2015.
- ^ "Magnolia pubescens". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Kew, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens. Diakses tanggal 7 August 2015.
- ^ Brambach, F.; Nooteboom, H.P.; Culmsee, H. (2013). "Magnolia sulawesiana described, and a key to the species of Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) occurring in Sulawesi". Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants. 58 (3): 271–276. doi:10.3767/000651913X676817.
- ^ "Magnolia tsiampacca". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Kew, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens. Diakses tanggal 7 August 2015.
- ^ "Magnolia vrieseana". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Kew, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens. Diakses tanggal 7 August 2015.
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