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{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Ian Stevenson
|name = Ian Stevenson
| image =
|image =
| image_size =
|image_size =
| alt =
|alt =
| caption =
|caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1918|10|31}}
|birth_date = {{birth date|1918|10|31}}
| birth_place = [[Montreal]], Kanada
|birth_place = [[Montreal]], Kanada
| death_date = {{death date and age|2007|02|08|1918|10|31}}
|death_date = {{death date and age|2007|02|08|1918|10|31}}
| death_place = [[Charlottesville, Virginia]], Amerika Serikat
|death_place = [[Charlottesville, Virginia]], Amerika Serikat
| death_cause = Pneumonia
|death_cause = Pneumonia
| citizenship = Kanada karena kelahiran; Amerika, naturalisasi 1949
|citizenship = Kanada karena kelahiran; Amerika, naturalisasi 1949
| education = [[Universitas St. Andrews]] (1937–1939)<br/>BSc ([[Universitas McGill]], 1942)<br/>[[Doktor Kedokteran|MD]] ([[Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas McGill|Sekolah Kedokteran Universitas McGill]], 1943)
|education = [[Universitas St. Andrews]] (1937–1939)<br/>BSc ([[Universitas McGill]], 1942)<br/>[[Doktor Kedokteran|MD]] ([[Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas McGill|Sekolah Kedokteran Universitas McGill]], 1943)
| occupation = Psikiatis, director of the Division of Perceptual Studies at the [[University of Virginia School of Medicine]]
|occupation = Psikiatis, director of the Division of Perceptual Studies at the [[University of Virginia School of Medicine]]
| known_for = [[Riset]] [[reinkarnasi]]
|known_for = [[Riset]] [[reinkarnasi]]
| influenced = [[Bruce Greyson]], [[Jim B. Tucker]], [[Satwant Pasricha]], [[Robert F. Almeder|Robert Almeder]], [[Carol Bowman]]
|influenced = [[Bruce Greyson]], [[Jim B. Tucker]], [[Satwant Pasricha]], [[Robert F. Almeder|Robert Almeder]], [[Carol Bowman]]
| spouse = Octavia Reynolds (menikah pada tahun 1947)<br/>Margaret Pertzoff (menikah pada tahun 1985)
|spouse = Octavia Reynolds (menikah pada tahun 1947)<br/>Margaret Pertzoff (menikah pada tahun 1985)
| parents = Ian dan Ruth Stevenson
|parents = Ian dan Ruth Stevenson
}}
}}
'''Ian Pretyman Stevenson''' (31 Oktober 1918 – 8 Februari 2007) adalah seorang psikiatis Kanada-Amerika. Dia adalah seorang ilmuwan yang menggunakan hampir setengah abad berkeliling dunia untuk melakukan penelitian secara teliti dan mendetail mengenai ratusan kasus anak kecil yang dapat mengingat kehidupan lampaunya (secara spontan, tanpa menggunakan cara hipnotis). Dia merupakan penemu dari Penelitian Ilmiah pada kelahiran kembali.
'''Ian Pretyman Stevenson''' (31 Oktober 1918 – 8 Februari 2007) adalah seorang psikiatis Kanada-Amerika. Dia adalah seorang ilmuwan yang menggunakan hampir setengah abad berkeliling dunia untuk melakukan penelitian secara teliti dan mendetail mengenai ratusan kasus anak kecil yang dapat mengingat kehidupan lampaunya (secara spontan, tanpa menggunakan cara hipnosis). Dia merupakan penemu dari Penelitian Ilmiah pada kelahiran kembali.


Penelitian Stevenson yang berkaitan dengan kelahiran kembali, dipandang sebelah mata oleh sebagian orang sebagai hal yang tidak biasa. Pada tahun [[1977]], dalam menanggapi hasil penelitian Stevenson pada Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, seorang psikiater bernama Harold Lief menggambarkan Stevenson sebagai ”seorang penyelidik yang metodis, hati-hati bahkan sangat hati-hati yang personalitasnya menghantuinya.” Ia juga menulis: ”Ia membuat kesalahan yang sangat besar, atau ia akan dikenal sebagai [[Galileo]] [[abad ke-20]].”
Penelitian Stevenson yang berkaitan dengan kelahiran kembali, dipandang sebelah mata oleh sebagian orang sebagai hal yang tidak biasa. Pada tahun [[1977]], dalam menanggapi hasil penelitian Stevenson pada Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, seorang psikiater bernama Harold Lief menggambarkan Stevenson sebagai ”seorang penyelidik yang metodis, hati-hati bahkan sangat hati-hati yang personalitasnya menghantuinya.” Ia juga menulis: ”Ia membuat kesalahan yang sangat besar, atau ia akan dikenal sebagai [[Galileo]] [[abad ke-20]].”
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Dengan menyadari bahwa tujuan akhirnya agar ilmu pengetahuan ”secara serius mempertimbangkan kelahiran kembali sebagai suatu kemungkinan”, tidak dapat direalisasikan pada kehidupan sekarang, Prof. Dr. Ian Stevenson yang telah berusia 88 tahun, meninggal dunia karena penyakit radang paru-paru, pada tanggal [[8 Februari]] [[2007]] di komunitas pensiunan di Westminster-Canterbury of the Blue Ridge, di Charlottesville, Virginia.
Dengan menyadari bahwa tujuan akhirnya agar ilmu pengetahuan ”secara serius mempertimbangkan kelahiran kembali sebagai suatu kemungkinan”, tidak dapat direalisasikan pada kehidupan sekarang, Prof. Dr. Ian Stevenson yang telah berusia 88 tahun, meninggal dunia karena penyakit radang paru-paru, pada tanggal [[8 Februari]] [[2007]] di komunitas pensiunan di Westminster-Canterbury of the Blue Ridge, di Charlottesville, Virginia.


==Referensi==
== Referensi ==
*[[Robert F. Almeder|Almeder, Robert]] (1992). ''Death and Personal Survival: The Evidence for Life After Death''. Rowman and Littlefield.
*Almeder, Robert (1997). [http://www.scientificexploration.org/journal/jse_11_4_almeder.pdf "A Critique of Arguments Offered Against Reincarnation"], ''Journal of Scientific Exploration'', 11(4), pp.&nbsp;499–526.
*[[Christopher Bache|Bache, Christopher]] (2000). ''Dark Night, Early Dawn: Steps to a Deep Ecology of Mind''. State University of New York Press.
*Brody, Eugene B. (1977). [http://journals.lww.com/jonmd/Citation/1977/09000/Research_in_Reincarnation_and_Editorial.1.aspx "Research in Reincarnation and Editorial Responsibility: An Editorial"], ''The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease'', 165(3), September.
*Cadoret, Remi J. (2005). [http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleid=177497 "Review of European Cases of the Reincarnation Type"], ''American Journal of Psychiatry'', 162(4), April.
*[[Robert Todd Carroll|Carroll, Robert T.]] (July 7, 2009). [http://www.skepdic.com/stevenson.html "Ian Stevenson (1918-2007)"], ''The Skeptic's Dictionary''.
*''The Daily Telegraph'' (February 12, 2007). [http://web.archive.org/web/20070331045018/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/02/12/db1201.xml "Professor Ian Stevenson"] (obituary).
*Debus, Allen G. (1968). ''World Who's in Science''. Marquis-Who's Who.
*[[Paul Edwards (philosopher)|Edwards, Paul]] (1992). "Introduction" and "The Dependence of Consciousness on the Brain," in Paul Edwards (ed.). ''Immortality''. Prometheus Books.
*Edwards, Paul (1996). ''Reincarnation: A Critical Examination''. Prometheus Books.
*[[Margalit Fox|Fox, Margalit]] (February 18, 2007). [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/18/health/psychology/18stevenson.html "Ian Stevenson Dies at 88; Studied Claims of Past Lives"], ''The New York Times''.
*Hopkins Tanne, Janice (April 2, 2007). [http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/extract/334/7595/700 "Obituaries: Ian Pretyman Stevenson"], ''British Medical Journal''.
*Kelly, Emily Williams (2007). [http://www.medicine.virginia.edu/clinical/departments/psychiatry/sections/cspp/dops/publicationslinks/Stevenson-s-Obit-Emily.pdf "Ian P. Stevenson"], University of Virginia School of Medicine, February (obituary).
*Kelly, Edward F. and Kelly, Emily Williams (2007). ''[[Irreducible Mind|Irreducible Mind: Toward a Psychology for the 21st Century]]''. Rowman & Littlefield.
*[[Harold Lief|Lief, Harold]] (1977). [http://journals.lww.com/jonmd/Citation/1977/09000/Commentary_on_Dr__Ian_Stevenson_s__the_Evidence_of.3.aspx "Commentary on Ian Stevenson’s 'The Evidence of Man’s Survival After Death'"], ''The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease'', 165(3), September.
*McClelland, Norman C. (2010). ''Encyclopedia of Reincarnation and Karma''. McFarland.
*Pandarakalam, James Paul (April 2 2007). [http://www.bmj.com/rapid-response/2011/11/01/professor-ian-stevenson-emperor-parapsychology "Professor Ian Stevenson, an emperor in parapsychology"], ''British Medical Journal'' (obituary).
*[[Tom Shroder|Shroder, Tom]] (February 11, 2007). [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/10/AR2007021001393.html "Ian Stevenson; Sought To Document Memories Of Past Lives in Children"], ''The Washington Post'' (obituary).
*Stevenson, Ian (1957). [http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleid=146529 "Is the human personality more plastic in infancy and childhood?"], ''American Journal of Psychiatry'', 114(2), pp.&nbsp;152–161.
*Stevenson, Ian (1966). ''[[Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation]]''. University of Virginia Press.
*Stevenson, Ian (1977). [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/864444 "The explanatory value of the idea of reincarnation"], ''The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease'', 164(5), pp.&nbsp;305–326.
*Stevenson, Ian (1989). [http://web.archive.org/web/20110720110857/http://www.medicine.virginia.edu/clinical/departments/psychiatry/sections/cspp/dops/publicationslinks/some-of-my-journeys-in-medicine.pdf "Some of my journeys in medicine"], The Flora Levy Lecture in the Humanities.
*Stevenson, Ian (1992). [http://www.childpastlives.org/library_articles/birthmark.htm "Birthmarks and Birth Defects Corresponding to Wounds on Deceased Persons"], paper presented at the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Society for Scientific Exploration, Princeton University, June 11–13.
*Stevenson, Ian (2000). [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10859660 "The phenomenon of claimed memories of previous lives: possible interpretations and importance"], ''Medical Hypotheses'', 54(4), April, pp.&nbsp;652–659.
*Stevenson, Ian (2006). [http://web.archive.org/web/20080514130801/http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/personalitystudies/Stevenson.pdf "Half A Career With the Paranormal"], ''Journal of Scientific Exploration'', 20(1).
*[[Jim B. Tucker|Tucker, Jim B.]] (2007). [http://www.scientificexploration.org/journal/jse_21_3_tucker.pdf "Children Who Claim to Remember Previous Lives: Past, Present and Future Research"], ''Journal of Scientific Exploration'', 21(3), 2007, pp.&nbsp;543–552.
*Tucker, Jim B. (2005). ''Life Before Life: A Scientific Investigation of Children's Memories of Previous Lives''. St. Martin's Press.
*University of Virginia (undated). [http://web.archive.org/web/20080514032033/http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/psychiatric/stevenson.cfm "Ian Stevenson, MD"], School of Medicine.
*University of Virginia (undated). [http://web.archive.org/web/20080514203122/http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/personalitystudies/staff.cfm "Division Staff"], Division of Perceptual Studies, School of Medicine.
*University of Virginia (undated). [http://www.medicine.virginia.edu/clinical/departments/psychiatry/sections/cspp/dops/we_are-page#history "History and description"], Division of Perceptual Studies, School of Medicine.
*Woodhouse, Mark (1996). ''Paradigm Wars: Worldviews for a New Age''. Frog Books.


* [[Robert F. Almeder|Almeder, Robert]] (1992). ''Death and Personal Survival: The Evidence for Life After Death''. Rowman and Littlefield.
==Bacaan tambahan==
* Almeder, Robert (1997). [http://www.scientificexploration.org/journal/jse_11_4_almeder.pdf "A Critique of Arguments Offered Against Reincarnation"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091229061304/http://www.scientificexploration.org/journal/jse_11_4_almeder.pdf |date=2009-12-29 }}, ''Journal of Scientific Exploration'', 11(4), pp.&nbsp;499–526.
* [[Christopher Bache|Bache, Christopher]] (2000). ''Dark Night, Early Dawn: Steps to a Deep Ecology of Mind''. State University of New York Press.
* Brody, Eugene B. (1977). [http://journals.lww.com/jonmd/Citation/1977/09000/Research_in_Reincarnation_and_Editorial.1.aspx "Research in Reincarnation and Editorial Responsibility: An Editorial"], ''The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease'', 165(3), September.
* Cadoret, Remi J. (2005). [http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleid=177497 "Review of European Cases of the Reincarnation Type"], ''American Journal of Psychiatry'', 162(4), April.
* [[Robert Todd Carroll|Carroll, Robert T.]] (July 7, 2009). [http://www.skepdic.com/stevenson.html "Ian Stevenson (1918-2007)"], ''The Skeptic's Dictionary''.
* ''The Daily Telegraph'' (February 12, 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20070331045018/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F02%2F12%2Fdb1201.xml "Professor Ian Stevenson"] (obituary).
* Debus, Allen G. (1968). ''World Who's in Science''. Marquis-Who's Who.
* [[Paul Edwards (philosopher)|Edwards, Paul]] (1992). "Introduction" and "The Dependence of Consciousness on the Brain," in Paul Edwards (ed.). ''Immortality''. Prometheus Books.
* Edwards, Paul (1996). ''Reincarnation: A Critical Examination''. Prometheus Books.
* [[Margalit Fox|Fox, Margalit]] (February 18, 2007). [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/18/health/psychology/18stevenson.html "Ian Stevenson Dies at 88; Studied Claims of Past Lives"], ''The New York Times''.
* Hopkins Tanne, Janice (April 2, 2007). [http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/extract/334/7595/700 "Obituaries: Ian Pretyman Stevenson"], ''British Medical Journal''.
* Kelly, Emily Williams (2007). [http://www.medicine.virginia.edu/clinical/departments/psychiatry/sections/cspp/dops/publicationslinks/Stevenson-s-Obit-Emily.pdf "Ian P. Stevenson"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512111021/http://www.medicine.virginia.edu/clinical/departments/psychiatry/sections/cspp/dops/publicationslinks/Stevenson-s-Obit-Emily.pdf |date=2013-05-12 }}, University of Virginia School of Medicine, February (obituary).
* Kelly, Edward F. and Kelly, Emily Williams (2007). ''[[Irreducible Mind|Irreducible Mind: Toward a Psychology for the 21st Century]]''. Rowman & Littlefield.
* [[Harold Lief|Lief, Harold]] (1977). [http://journals.lww.com/jonmd/Citation/1977/09000/Commentary_on_Dr__Ian_Stevenson_s__the_Evidence_of.3.aspx "Commentary on Ian Stevenson’s 'The Evidence of Man’s Survival After Death'"], ''The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease'', 165(3), September.
* McClelland, Norman C. (2010). ''Encyclopedia of Reincarnation and Karma''. McFarland.
* Pandarakalam, James Paul (April 2 2007). [http://www.bmj.com/rapid-response/2011/11/01/professor-ian-stevenson-emperor-parapsychology "Professor Ian Stevenson, an emperor in parapsychology"], ''British Medical Journal'' (obituary).
* [[Tom Shroder|Shroder, Tom]] (February 11, 2007). [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/10/AR2007021001393.html "Ian Stevenson; Sought To Document Memories Of Past Lives in Children"], ''The Washington Post'' (obituary).
* Stevenson, Ian (1957). [http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleid=146529 "Is the human personality more plastic in infancy and childhood?"], ''American Journal of Psychiatry'', 114(2), pp.&nbsp;152–161.
* Stevenson, Ian (1966). ''[[Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation]]''. University of Virginia Press.
* Stevenson, Ian (1977). [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/864444 "The explanatory value of the idea of reincarnation"], ''The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease'', 164(5), pp.&nbsp;305–326.
* Stevenson, Ian (1989). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110720110857/http://www.medicine.virginia.edu/clinical/departments/psychiatry/sections/cspp/dops/publicationslinks/some-of-my-journeys-in-medicine.pdf "Some of my journeys in medicine"], The Flora Levy Lecture in the Humanities.
* Stevenson, Ian (1992). [http://www.childpastlives.org/library_articles/birthmark.htm "Birthmarks and Birth Defects Corresponding to Wounds on Deceased Persons"] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120724055143/http://www.childpastlives.org/library_articles/birthmark.htm |date=2012-07-24 }}, paper presented at the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Society for Scientific Exploration, Princeton University, June 11–13.
* Stevenson, Ian (2000). [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10859660 "The phenomenon of claimed memories of previous lives: possible interpretations and importance"], ''Medical Hypotheses'', 54(4), April, pp.&nbsp;652–659.
* Stevenson, Ian (2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20080514130801/http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/personalitystudies/Stevenson.pdf "Half A Career With the Paranormal"], ''Journal of Scientific Exploration'', 20(1).
* [[Jim B. Tucker|Tucker, Jim B.]] (2007). [http://www.scientificexploration.org/journal/jse_21_3_tucker.pdf "Children Who Claim to Remember Previous Lives: Past, Present and Future Research"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507023025/http://www.scientificexploration.org/journal/jse_21_3_tucker.pdf |date=2012-05-07 }}, ''Journal of Scientific Exploration'', 21(3), 2007, pp.&nbsp;543–552.
* Tucker, Jim B. (2005). ''Life Before Life: A Scientific Investigation of Children's Memories of Previous Lives''. St. Martin's Press.
* University of Virginia (undated). [https://web.archive.org/web/20080514032033/http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/psychiatric/stevenson.cfm "Ian Stevenson, MD"], School of Medicine.
* University of Virginia (undated). [https://web.archive.org/web/20080514203122/http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/personalitystudies/staff.cfm "Division Staff"], Division of Perceptual Studies, School of Medicine.
* University of Virginia (undated). [http://www.medicine.virginia.edu/clinical/departments/psychiatry/sections/cspp/dops/we_are-page#history "History and description"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928003446/http://www.medicine.virginia.edu/clinical/departments/psychiatry/sections/cspp/dops/we_are-page#history |date=2013-09-28 }}, Division of Perceptual Studies, School of Medicine.
* Woodhouse, Mark (1996). ''Paradigm Wars: Worldviews for a New Age''. Frog Books.

== Bacaan tambahan ==
;Ian Stevenson/reincarnation
;Ian Stevenson/reincarnation
*[[Robert Almeder|Almeder, Robert]] (2000). [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZhMDU9GcVg "Reincarnation Evidence: Stevenson's Research"], interview with Robert Almeder, professor of philosophy at Georgia State University (video).
* [[Robert Almeder|Almeder, Robert]] (2000). [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZhMDU9GcVg "Reincarnation Evidence: Stevenson's Research"], interview with Robert Almeder, professor of philosophy at Georgia State University (video).
*Almeder, Robert (1988). "Response to 'Past Tongues Remembered'," ''[[Skeptical Inquirer]]'', 12, Spring.
* Almeder, Robert (1988). "Response to 'Past Tongues Remembered'," ''[[Skeptical Inquirer]]'', 12, Spring.
*Almeder, Robert (1987). ''Beyond Death''. Charles C. Thomas.
* Almeder, Robert (1987). ''Beyond Death''. Charles C. Thomas.
*Alvarado, Carlos S. [http://archived.parapsych.org/newsletters/Ian-Stevenson-Bibliography.html "Ian Stevenson, Selected Bibliography"], Parapsychological Association.
* Alvarado, Carlos S. [http://archived.parapsych.org/newsletters/Ian-Stevenson-Bibliography.html "Ian Stevenson, Selected Bibliography"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415213435/http://archived.parapsych.org/newsletters/Ian-Stevenson-Bibliography.html |date=2012-04-15 }}, Parapsychological Association.
*Edelmann, Jonathan and Bernet, William. [http://www.imprint.co.uk/pdf/Edelman.pdf "Setting Criteria for Ideal Reincarnation Research"], ''Journal of Consciousness Studies'', 14(12), p.&nbsp;92.
* Edelmann, Jonathan and Bernet, William. [http://www.imprint.co.uk/pdf/Edelman.pdf "Setting Criteria for Ideal Reincarnation Research"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728095537/http://www.imprint.co.uk/pdf/Edelman.pdf |date=2012-07-28 }}, ''Journal of Consciousness Studies'', 14(12), p.&nbsp;92.
*[[Paul Edwards (philosopher)|Edwards, Paul]] (1986). "The Case Against Reincarnation: Part 1," ''[[Free Inquiry]]'', 6, Fall, pp.&nbsp;24–34.
* [[Paul Edwards (philosopher)|Edwards, Paul]] (1986). "The Case Against Reincarnation: Part 1," ''[[Free Inquiry]]'', 6, Fall, pp.&nbsp;24–34.
*Edwards, Paul (1986/7). "The Case Against Reincarnation: Part 2," ''Free Inquiry'', 7, Winter, pp.&nbsp;38–43.
* Edwards, Paul (1986/7). "The Case Against Reincarnation: Part 2," ''Free Inquiry'', 7, Winter, pp.&nbsp;38–43.
*Edwards, Paul (1987a). "The Case Against Reincarnation: Part 3," ''Free Inquiry'', 7, Spring, pp.&nbsp;38–49.
* Edwards, Paul (1987a). "The Case Against Reincarnation: Part 3," ''Free Inquiry'', 7, Spring, pp.&nbsp;38–49.
*Edwards, Paul (1987b). "The Case Against Reincarnation: Part 4," ''Free Inquiry'', 7, Summer, pp.&nbsp;46–53.
* Edwards, Paul (1987b). "The Case Against Reincarnation: Part 4," ''Free Inquiry'', 7, Summer, pp.&nbsp;46–53.
*Griffin, David Ray (1997). ''Parapsychology, Philosophy, and Spirituality: A Postmodern Exploration''. SUNY Press (particularly chapter 6, [http://books.google.com/books?id=xCmeJQJldFsC&pg=PA184 "Evidence from Cases of the Reincarnation Type"]).
* Griffin, David Ray (1997). ''Parapsychology, Philosophy, and Spirituality: A Postmodern Exploration''. SUNY Press (particularly chapter 6, [http://books.google.com/books?id=xCmeJQJldFsC&pg=PA184 "Evidence from Cases of the Reincarnation Type"]).
*Hales, Steven (2001a). [http://departments.bloomu.edu/philosophy/pages/content/hales/articlepdf/afterlife.pdf "Evidence and the afterlife"], ''Philosophia'', 28(1–4), pp.&nbsp;335–346.
* Hales, Steven (2001a). [http://departments.bloomu.edu/philosophy/pages/content/hales/articlepdf/afterlife.pdf "Evidence and the afterlife"], ''Philosophia'', 28(1–4), pp.&nbsp;335–346.
:*Almeder, Robert (2001). [http://philpapers.org/rec/ALMORAv "On reincarnation: A reply to Hales"], ''Philosophia''.
:* Almeder, Robert (2001). [http://philpapers.org/rec/ALMORAv "On reincarnation: A reply to Hales"], ''Philosophia''.
:*Hales, Steven (2001b). "Reincarnation redux," ''Philosophia'', 28(1–4), pp. 359–367.
:* Hales, Steven (2001b). "Reincarnation redux," ''Philosophia'', 28(1–4), pp. 359–367.
*Irwin, Harvey J. (2004). ''An Introduction to Parapsychology''. McFarland.
* Irwin, Harvey J. (2004). ''An Introduction to Parapsychology''. McFarland.
*Martin, Raymond (1994). [http://books.google.com/books?id=5Ibd4TJyv5gC&pg=PA344 "Survival of Bodily Death: A Question of Values"], in John Donnelly (ed.) ''Language, Metaphysics, and Death''. Fordham University Press.
* Martin, Raymond (1994). [http://books.google.com/books?id=5Ibd4TJyv5gC&pg=PA344 "Survival of Bodily Death: A Question of Values"], in John Donnelly (ed.) ''Language, Metaphysics, and Death''. Fordham University Press.
*Rockley, Richard (1 November 2002). [http://skepticreport.com/sr/?p=482 "Book Review: ''Children who remember previous lives, A question of reincarnation'', Ian Stevenson"], ''Skeptic Report''.
* Rockley, Richard (1 November 2002). [http://skepticreport.com/sr/?p=482 "Book Review: ''Children who remember previous lives, A question of reincarnation'', Ian Stevenson"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090807184113/http://skepticreport.com/sr/?p=482 |date=2009-08-07 }}, ''Skeptic Report''.
*[[Lewis Spence|Spence, Lewis]] (2003). [http://books.google.com/books?id=gq1LhcH48GQC&pg=PA884 "Stevenson, Ian"], ''Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology''. Kessinger Publishing.
* [[Lewis Spence|Spence, Lewis]] (2003). [http://books.google.com/books?id=gq1LhcH48GQC&pg=PA884 "Stevenson, Ian"]{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology''. Kessinger Publishing.
*Stanford, Rex (2008). [http://www.scientificexploration.org/journal/jse_22_1_stanford.pdf "Ian Stevenson: A Man from Whom We Should Learn"], ''Journal of Scientific Exploration'', 22(1), pp.&nbsp;120–124.
* Stanford, Rex (2008). [http://www.scientificexploration.org/journal/jse_22_1_stanford.pdf "Ian Stevenson: A Man from Whom We Should Learn"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507033116/http://www.scientificexploration.org/journal/jse_22_1_stanford.pdf |date=2012-05-07 }}, ''Journal of Scientific Exploration'', 22(1), pp.&nbsp;120–124.
*[[Jim B. Tucker|Tucker, Jim B.]] (2008). [http://www.scientificexploration.org/journal/jse_22_1_tucker.pdf "Ian Stevenson and Cases of the Reincarnation Type"], ''Journal of Scientific Exploration'', 22(1), pp.&nbsp;36–43.
* [[Jim B. Tucker|Tucker, Jim B.]] (2008). [http://www.scientificexploration.org/journal/jse_22_1_tucker.pdf "Ian Stevenson and Cases of the Reincarnation Type"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140823114919/http://www.scientificexploration.org/journal/jse_22_1_tucker.pdf |date=2014-08-23 }}, ''Journal of Scientific Exploration'', 22(1), pp.&nbsp;36–43.
*[[Ian Wilson (author)|Wilson, Ian]]. ''Mind Out of Time?: Reincarnation Claims Investigated''. Orion Books Limited, 1981.
* [[Ian Wilson (author)|Wilson, Ian]]. ''Mind Out of Time?: Reincarnation Claims Investigated''. Orion Books Limited, 1981.


;Consciousness
;Consciousness
*Almeder, Robert (2011). [http://books.google.com/books?id=3DTBkby85pYC&pg=PA16 "The Major Objections from Reductive Materialism Against Belief in the Existence of Cartesian Mind-Body Dualism"], in Alexander Moreira-Almeida and Franklin Santana Santos, ''Exploring Frontiers of the Mind-Brain Relationship'', Springer, pp.&nbsp;16–33
* Almeder, Robert (2011). [http://books.google.com/books?id=3DTBkby85pYC&pg=PA16 "The Major Objections from Reductive Materialism Against Belief in the Existence of Cartesian Mind-Body Dualism"], in Alexander Moreira-Almeida and Franklin Santana Santos, ''Exploring Frontiers of the Mind-Brain Relationship'', Springer, pp.&nbsp;16–33
*[[Michael Graziano|Graziano, Michael S. A.]] and Kastner, Sabine (2011). [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3223025/ "Human consciousness and its relationship to social neuroscience: A novel hypothesis"], ''Cognitive Neuroscience'', 2(2), January 1, pp.&nbsp;98–113.
* [[Michael Graziano|Graziano, Michael S. A.]] and Kastner, Sabine (2011). [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3223025/ "Human consciousness and its relationship to social neuroscience: A novel hypothesis"], ''Cognitive Neuroscience'', 2(2), January 1, pp.&nbsp;98–113.
*Levine, Joseph (2001). ''Purple Haze: The Puzzle of Consciousness''. Oxford University Press.
* Levine, Joseph (2001). ''Purple Haze: The Puzzle of Consciousness''. Oxford University Press.
*[[Roger Penrose|Penrose, Roger]] (1994). ''Shadows of the Mind: A Search for the Missing Science of Consciousness''. Oxford University Press.
* [[Roger Penrose|Penrose, Roger]] (1994). ''Shadows of the Mind: A Search for the Missing Science of Consciousness''. Oxford University Press.
*Velman, Max and Schneider, Susan (2007). ''The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness''. University of Oxford Press.
* Velman, Max and Schneider, Susan (2007). ''The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness''. University of Oxford Press.
*[[Philip David Zelazo|Zelazo, Philip David]]; [[Morris Moscovitch|Moscovitch, Morris]]; and [[Evan Thompson|Thompson, Evan]] (eds.) (2007). ''The Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness''. University of Cambridge Press.
* [[Philip David Zelazo|Zelazo, Philip David]]; [[Morris Moscovitch|Moscovitch, Morris]]; and [[Evan Thompson|Thompson, Evan]] (eds.) (2007). ''The Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness''. University of Cambridge Press.


;Miscellaneous
;Miscellaneous
*Almeder, Robert (1998). ''Harmless naturalism: The limits of science and the nature of philosophy''. Open Court Publishers.
* Almeder, Robert (1998). ''Harmless naturalism: The limits of science and the nature of philosophy''. Open Court Publishers.
*[[Paul Kurtz|Kurtz, Paul]] (2006). [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119242621/abstract "Two Sources of Unreason in Democratic Society: The paranormal and religion"], ''Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences'', 775(1), pp.&nbsp;493–504.
* [[Paul Kurtz|Kurtz, Paul]] (2006). [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119242621/abstract "Two Sources of Unreason in Democratic Society: The paranormal and religion"] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121218015821/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119242621/abstract |date=2012-12-18 }}, ''Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences'', 775(1), pp.&nbsp;493–504.
*Schumacher, Bernard N. (2005). ''Death and Mortality in Contemporary Philosophy''. Cambridge University Press.
* Schumacher, Bernard N. (2005). ''Death and Mortality in Contemporary Philosophy''. Cambridge University Press.


{{Authority control}}
{{Normdaten}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Stevenson, Ian
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Canadian psychiatrist
| DATE OF BIRTH = October 31, 1918
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Montreal]], [[Canada]]
| DATE OF DEATH = February 8, 2007
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Charlottesville, Virginia]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Stevenson, Ian}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Stevenson, Ian}}
[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1918]]
[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1918]]
[[Kategori:Kematian 2007]]
[[Kategori:Kematian 2007]]
[[Kategori:Alumni Universitas St Andrews]]
[[Kategori:Alumni Universitas St Andrews]]
[[Kategori:Psikiatis Kanada]]
[[Kategori:Psikiater Kanada]]
[[Kategori:Saintis Kanada]]
[[Kategori:Saintis Kanada]]
[[Kategori:Kematian akibat pneumonia]]
[[Kategori:Kematian akibat pneumonia]]

Revisi terkini sejak 24 Juni 2024 07.58

Ian Stevenson
Lahir(1918-10-31)31 Oktober 1918
Montreal, Kanada
Meninggal8 Februari 2007(2007-02-08) (umur 88)
Charlottesville, Virginia, Amerika Serikat
Sebab meninggalPneumonia
Warga negaraKanada karena kelahiran; Amerika, naturalisasi 1949
PendidikanUniversitas St. Andrews (1937–1939)
BSc (Universitas McGill, 1942)
MD (Sekolah Kedokteran Universitas McGill, 1943)
PekerjaanPsikiatis, director of the Division of Perceptual Studies at the University of Virginia School of Medicine
Dikenal atasRiset reinkarnasi
Suami/istriOctavia Reynolds (menikah pada tahun 1947)
Margaret Pertzoff (menikah pada tahun 1985)
Orang tuaIan dan Ruth Stevenson

Ian Pretyman Stevenson (31 Oktober 1918 – 8 Februari 2007) adalah seorang psikiatis Kanada-Amerika. Dia adalah seorang ilmuwan yang menggunakan hampir setengah abad berkeliling dunia untuk melakukan penelitian secara teliti dan mendetail mengenai ratusan kasus anak kecil yang dapat mengingat kehidupan lampaunya (secara spontan, tanpa menggunakan cara hipnosis). Dia merupakan penemu dari Penelitian Ilmiah pada kelahiran kembali.

Penelitian Stevenson yang berkaitan dengan kelahiran kembali, dipandang sebelah mata oleh sebagian orang sebagai hal yang tidak biasa. Pada tahun 1977, dalam menanggapi hasil penelitian Stevenson pada Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, seorang psikiater bernama Harold Lief menggambarkan Stevenson sebagai ”seorang penyelidik yang metodis, hati-hati bahkan sangat hati-hati yang personalitasnya menghantuinya.” Ia juga menulis: ”Ia membuat kesalahan yang sangat besar, atau ia akan dikenal sebagai Galileo abad ke-20.”

Pada tahun 1943, Stevenson mendapatkan gelar medisnya dari Universitas McGill di Montreal, dan lulus sebagai peringat teratas di kelasnya. Pada tahun 1957, diusia 39 tahun, Dia menjadi ketua Departemen Psikiatri di Universitas Virginia. Dan karena pengaruh sang ibu yang merupakan seorang teosofi yang taat, yang digambarkan oleh Stevenson sebagai contoh Buddhisme bagi Orang Barat, Dia tertarik dengan paranormal, dan merasa terpanggil setelah melakukan perjalanan ke India pada tahun 1961 yang meyakinkannya bahwa kasus anak-anak yang dapat mengingat kehidupan lampau terjadi dimana-mana dan sangat mengesankan.

Tinggi dan kurus, kebapakan dalam penampilan dan perkataan, Stevenson merupakan seorang peneliti yang tidak kenal lelah dan sering lupa untuk makan. Ia mengatalogkan lebih dari 2500 kasus-kasus luar biasa yang sama, kebanyakan di Asia dan Timur Tengah tetapi juga di Eropa, Afrika, Amerika Utara, dan Amerika Selatan. Buku pertamanya berjudul: “Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation,” diterbitkan pada tahun 1966, dan karyanya yang terakhir: “European Cases of the Reincarnation Type,” pada tahun 2003.

Pada tahun 1967 Dia menjadi direktur Division of Personality Studies, sekarang Division of Perceptual Studies, yang didanai oleh Chester Carlson, orang yang menciptakan proses Xerox.

Stevenson pensiun dari aktivitas penelitiannya pada tahun 2002, meninggalkan pekerjaannya untuk dilanjutkan oleh Dr. Bruce Greyson, M.D. Dan juga oleh Dr. Jim B. Tucker, M.D seorang psikiater anak yang melanjutkan pekerjaan Stevenson terhadap anak-anak, yang difokuskan pada kasus-kasus yang terjadi di Amerika Utara.

Dengan menyadari bahwa tujuan akhirnya agar ilmu pengetahuan ”secara serius mempertimbangkan kelahiran kembali sebagai suatu kemungkinan”, tidak dapat direalisasikan pada kehidupan sekarang, Prof. Dr. Ian Stevenson yang telah berusia 88 tahun, meninggal dunia karena penyakit radang paru-paru, pada tanggal 8 Februari 2007 di komunitas pensiunan di Westminster-Canterbury of the Blue Ridge, di Charlottesville, Virginia.

Referensi

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Bacaan tambahan

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Ian Stevenson/reincarnation
Consciousness
Miscellaneous