Bhagat Singh: Perbedaan antara revisi

Bhagat Singh
Bhagat Singh
	Bhagat Singh tampil pada 1929 setelah memotong rambutnya
Lahir	28 September 1907; Jaranwala Tehsil, Punjab, India Britania
Meninggal	23 Maret 1931 (umur 23); Lahore, Punjab, India Britania
Organisasi	Naujawan Bharat Sabha,; Partai Kirti Kisan,; Asosiasi Republikan Sosialis Hindustan
Gerakan politik	gerakan kemerdekaan India

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Revisi per 24 Juni 2024 15.26

Bhagat Singh (IPA: [pə̀ɡət̪ sɪ́ŋɡ] simak^ⓘ 27/28 September 1907 – 23 Maret 1931)^[a] adalah seorang sosialis India yang dianggap menjadi salah satu revolusioner paling berpengaruh dari gerakan kemerdekaan India. Ia sering disebut sebagai "Shaheed Bhagat Singh", kara "Shaheed" artinya "martir" dalam sejumlah bahasa Asia Selatan dan Timur Tengah. Lahir dalam sebuah keluarga Sikh yang terlibat dalam aktivitas revolusioner melawan Britania Raj, sebagai seorang remaja Singh mempelajari gerakan revolusioner Eropa dan memegang ideologi anarkis dan Marxis. Ia terlibat dalam sejumlah organisasi revolusioner, dan cepat mengembangkan peringkatnya pada Asosiasi Republikan Hindustan (ARH) untuk menjadi salah satu pemimpin utamanya, yang kemudian mengubah namanya menjadi Asosiasi Republikan Sosialis Hindustan (ARSH) pada 1928.

Singh terlibat dalam pembunuhan perwira polisi Britania John Saunders.

Kehidupan awal

Bhagat Singh, seorang Sandhu Jat,^[4] lahir pada 27 September 1907 dari pasangan Kishan Singh dan Vidyavati di Chak No. 105, GB, desa Banga, Jaranwala Tehsil di distrik Lyallpur di Provinsi Punjab di India Britania. Kelahirannya bertepatan dengan dibebaskannya ayahnya dan kedua pamannya, Ajit Singh dan Swaran Singh, dari penjara.^[5] Keluarganya adalah Sikh, beberapa diantaranya aktif dalam gerakan kemerdekaan India, dan yang lainnya bertugas dalam tentara Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Desa leluhurnya adalah Khatkar Kalan, dekat kota Banga di distrik Nawanshahr (sekarang berganti nama menjadi Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar) di Punjab.^[4] Kakeknya, Arjun Singh, adalah seorang pengikut dari gerakan reformis Hindu Swami Dayananda Saraswati, Arya Samaj, yang dianggap berpengaruh pada Bhagat ketika masih muda.^[4] Ayahnya dan paman-pamannya adalah anggota Partai Ghadar, yang dipimpin oleh Kartar Singh Sarabha dan Har Dayal.

Lihat pula

Referensi

Catatan

^ ^a ^b Tanggal kelahiran Singh sebenarnya adalah subyek yang diperdebatkan. Umumnya dikatakan bahwa ia lahir pada 27^[1] atau 28^[2] September 1907, beberapa biografer percaya bahwa tanggal kelahirannya adalah 19 Oktober 1907.^[3]

Kutipan

Daftar pustaka

Adams, Jason (2005), Asian Anarchism: China, Korea, Japan & India, Raforum.info, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-09-30, diakses tanggal 28 Oktober 2011
Bakshi, S. R.; Gajrani, S.; Singh, Hari (2005), Early Aryans to Swaraj, 10: Modern India, New Delhi: Sarup & Sons, ISBN 9788176255370
Bakshi, S. R. (1988), Revolutionaries and the British Raj, Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, ISBN 978-81-288-0816-6
Friend, Corinne (1977), "Yashpal: Fighter for Freedom -- Writer for Justice", Journal of South Asian Literature, 13 (1): 65–90, JSTOR 40873491 (perlu berlangganan)
Gaur, Ishwar Dayal (2008), Martyr as Bridegroom: A Folk Representation of Bhagat Singh, Anthem Press, ISBN 978-81-905835-0-3
Gupta, Amit Kumar (September–Oktober 1997), "Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in India, 1897-1938", Social Scientist, 25 (9/10): 3–27, JSTOR 3517678 (perlu berlangganan)
"The Trial of Bhagat Singh", India Law Journal, 1 (3), Juli–September 2008, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-10-01, diakses tanggal 11 Oktober 2011
Lal, Chaman (11 April 2009), "April 8, 1929: A Day to Remember", Mainstream, diakses tanggal 14 December 2011
Mittal, S. K.; Habib, Irfan (Juni 1982), "The Congress and the Revolutionaries in the 1920s", Social Scientist, 10 (6): 20–37, JSTOR 3517065 (perlu berlangganan)
Nayar, Kuldip (2000), The Martyr Bhagat Singh: Experiments in Revolution, Har-Anand Publications, ISBN 978-81-241-0700-3
Pinney, Christopher (2004), 'Photos of the Gods': The Printed Image And Political Struggle In India, Reaktion Books, ISBN 978-1-86189-184-6
Rana, Bhawan Singh (2005a), Bhagat Singh, Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd., ISBN 978-81-288-0827-2
Rana, Bhawan Singh (2005b), Chandra Shekhar Azad (An Immortal Revolutionary of India), Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd., ISBN 978-81-288-0816-6
Rao, Niraja (April 1997), "Bhagat Singh and the Revolutionary Movement", Revolutionary Democracy, 3 (1), diakses tanggal 18 November 2011
Sanyal, Jatinder Nath; Yadav, Kripal Chandra; Singh, Bhagat; Singh, Babar, ed. (2006), Bhagat Singh: a biography, Pinnacle Technology, ISBN 978-81-7871-059-4, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-06-28, diakses tanggal 2014-12-19
Sindhu, Veerendra (2009), Yugdrashta Bhagat Singh, Rajpal and Sons (Hindi)
Singh, Bhagat; Hooja, Bhupendra (2007), The Jail Notebook and Other Writings, LeftWord Books, ISBN 978-81-87496-72-4
Singh, Pritam (Fall 2007), "Review article" (PDF), Journal of Punjab Studies, 14 (2): 297–326, diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2015-10-01, diakses tanggal 8 October 2013
Singh, Randhir; Singh, Trilochan (1993), Autobiography of Bhai Sahib Randhir Singh: freedom fighter, reformer, theologian, saint and hero of Lahore conspiracy case, first prisoner of Gurdwara reform movement, Bhai Sahib Randhir Singh Trust
Vaidya, Paresh R. (14–27 April 2001), "Historical Analysis: Of means and ends", Frontline, 18 (8), diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-08-29, diakses tanggal 9 Oktober 2013

Bacaan tambahan

Sanyal, Jatinder (1931). Sardar Bhagat Singh (Online text).
Datta, Vishwanath (2008). Gandhi and Bhagat Singh. Rupa & Co. ISBN 978-81-291-1367-2. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
Habib, Irfan S.; Singh, Bhagat (2007). To make the deaf hear: ideology and programme of Bhagat Singh and his comrades. Three Essays Collective. ISBN 978-81-88789-56-6.

Pranala luar

[birth-1] Tanggal kelahiran Singh sebenarnya adalah subyek yang diperdebatkan. Umumnya dikatakan bahwa ia lahir pada 27^[1] atau 28^[2] September 1907, beberapa biografer percaya bahwa tanggal kelahirannya adalah 19 Oktober 1907.^[3]

[2] ttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1913029/Bhagat-Singh

[3] ttp://m.timesofindia.com/india/Bhagat-Singhs-sister-passes-away-on-his-107th-birthday/articleshow/43811962.cms

[4] [1]

[FOOTNOTEGaur2008[http://books.google.com/books?id=PC4C3KcgCv0C&pg=PA54_54–55]-5] Gaur (2008), hlm. 54–55

[FOOTNOTESinghHooja2007[http://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEC&pg=PA12_12–13]-6] Singh & Hooja (2007), hlm. 12–13

[a]

[4]

[5]

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Baris 2: / Baris 2: @@
 {{Infobox person
 |name=Bhagat Singh
-|image=Bhagat Singh 1929 140x190.jpg
+|image=Bhagat Singh 1929.jpg
 |caption= Bhagat Singh tampil pada 1929 setelah memotong rambutnya
 |birth_date= {{birth date|1907|09|28|df=yes}}{{efn|name=birth}}
@@ Baris 14: / Baris 14: @@
 }}
-'''Bhagat Singh''' ({{IPA-pa|pə̀ɡət̪ sɪ́ŋɡ|IPA|Hi-BhagatSingh.ogg}} {{nowrap|27/28 September 1907}}&nbsp;– 23 Maret 1931){{efn|name=birth|Tanggal kelahiran Singh sebenarnya adalah subyek yang diperdebatkan. Umumnya dikatakab bahwa ia lahir pada 27<ref>http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1913029/Bhagat-Singh</ref> atau 28<ref>http://m.timesofindia.com/india/Bhagat-Singhs-sister-passes-away-on-his-107th-birthday/articleshow/43811962.cms</ref> September 1907, beberapa biografer percaya bahwa tanggal kelahirannya adalah 19 Oktober 1907.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?ei=74kpVPWHJ4WryQTdlIKwAQ&]</ref>}} adalah seorang sosialis India yang dianggap menjadi salah satu revolusioner paling berpengaruh dari [[gerakan kemerdekaan India]]. Ia sering disebut sebagai "[[Shahid|Shaheed]] Bhagat Singh", kara "Shaheed" artinya "martir" dalam sejumlah bahasa Asia Selatan dan Timur Tengah. Lahir dalam sebuah keluarga [[Sikh]] yang terlibat dalam aktivitas revolusioner melawan [[Britania Raj]], sebagai seorang remaja Singh mempelajari gerakan revolusioner Eropa dan memegang ideologi [[anarkisme|anarkis]] dan [[Marxisme|Marxis]]. Ia terlibat dalam sejumlah organisasi revolusioner, dan cepat mengembangkan peringkatnya pada [[Asosiasi Republikan Sosialis Hindustan|Asosiasi Republikan Hindustan]] (ARH) untuk menjadi salah satu pemimpin utamanya, yang kemudian mengubah namanya menjadi [[Asosiasi Republikan Sosialis Hindustan]] (ARSH) pada 1928.
+'''Bhagat Singh''' ({{IPA-pa|pə̀ɡət̪ sɪ́ŋɡ|IPA|Hi-BhagatSingh.ogg}} {{nowrap|27/28 September 1907}}&nbsp;– 23 Maret 1931){{efn|name=birth|Tanggal kelahiran Singh sebenarnya adalah subyek yang diperdebatkan. Umumnya dikatakan bahwa ia lahir pada 27<ref>http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1913029/Bhagat-Singh</ref> atau 28<ref>http://m.timesofindia.com/india/Bhagat-Singhs-sister-passes-away-on-his-107th-birthday/articleshow/43811962.cms</ref> September 1907, beberapa biografer percaya bahwa tanggal kelahirannya adalah 19 Oktober 1907.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?ei=74kpVPWHJ4WryQTdlIKwAQ&]</ref>}} adalah seorang sosialis India yang dianggap menjadi salah satu revolusioner paling berpengaruh dari [[gerakan kemerdekaan India]]. Ia sering disebut sebagai "[[Shahid|Shaheed]] Bhagat Singh", kara "Shaheed" artinya "martir" dalam sejumlah bahasa Asia Selatan dan Timur Tengah. Lahir dalam sebuah keluarga [[Sikh]] yang terlibat dalam aktivitas revolusioner melawan [[Britania Raj]], sebagai seorang remaja Singh mempelajari gerakan revolusioner Eropa dan memegang ideologi [[anarkisme|anarkis]] dan [[Marxisme|Marxis]]. Ia terlibat dalam sejumlah organisasi revolusioner, dan cepat mengembangkan peringkatnya pada [[Asosiasi Republikan Sosialis Hindustan|Asosiasi Republikan Hindustan]] (ARH) untuk menjadi salah satu pemimpin utamanya, yang kemudian mengubah namanya menjadi [[Asosiasi Republikan Sosialis Hindustan]] (ARSH) pada 1928.
 Singh terlibat dalam pembunuhan perwira polisi Britania John Saunders.
-==Kehidupan awal==
+== Kehidupan awal ==
-[[Image:BhagatHome.jpg|thumb|right|Sebuah rumah kuno di [[Khatkar Kalan]], yang kemudian dijadikan sebagai sebuah museum. Singh lahir dan tinggal disana.]]
 Bhagat Singh, seorang [[Sandhu]] [[Jat]],{{sfnp|Gaur|2008|pp=[http://books.google.com/books?id=PC4C3KcgCv0C&pg=PA54 54–55]|ps=}} lahir pada 27 September 1907 dari pasangan Kishan Singh dan Vidyavati di Chak No. 105, GB, desa Banga, Jaranwala Tehsil di [[distrik Faisalabad|distrik Lyallpur]] di [[Provinsi Punjab (India Britania)|Provinsi Punjab]] di [[India Britania]]. Kelahirannya bertepatan dengan dibebaskannya ayahnya dan kedua pamannya, Ajit Singh dan Swaran Singh, dari penjara.{{sfnp|Singh|Hooja|2007|pp=[http://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEC&pg=PA12 12–13]|ps=}} Keluarganya adalah Sikh, beberapa diantaranya aktif dalam gerakan kemerdekaan India, dan yang lainnya bertugas dalam tentara [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Punjab)|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]]. Desa leluhurnya adalah [[Khatkar Kalan]], dekat kota [[Banga, India|Banga]] di distrik [[Nawanshahr]] (sekarang berganti nama menjadi [[distrik Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar|Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar]]) di [[wilayah Punjab|Punjab]].{{sfnp|Gaur|2008|pp=[http://books.google.com/books?id=PC4C3KcgCv0C&pg=PA54 54–55]|ps=}}
 Kakeknya, Arjun Singh, adalah seorang pengikut dari gerakan reformis Hindu [[Swami Dayananda Saraswati]], [[Arya Samaj]], yang dianggap berpengaruh pada Bhagat ketika masih muda.{{sfnp|Gaur|2008|pp=[http://books.google.com/books?id=PC4C3KcgCv0C&pg=PA54 54–55]|ps=}} Ayahnya dan paman-pamannya adalah anggota [[Partai Ghadar]], yang dipimpin oleh [[Kartar Singh Sarabha]] dan [[Har Dayal]].
-==Lihat pula==
+== Lihat pula ==
-*[[Udham Singh]]
-*[[Hemu Kalani]]
+* [[Udham Singh]]
-==Referensi==
+* [[Hemu Kalani]]
+== Referensi ==
 '''Catatan'''
 {{notelist}}
@@ Baris 34: / Baris 35: @@
 '''Daftar pustaka'''
 {{Refbegin|colwidth=50em}}
-*{{citation |url=http://raforum.info/article.php3?id_article=3225&lang=en |first=Jason |last=Adams |title=Asian Anarchism: China, Korea, Japan & India |publisher=Raforum.info |year=2005 |accessdate=28 October 2011}}
+* {{citation |url=http://raforum.info/article.php3?id_article=3225&lang=en |first=Jason |last=Adams |title=Asian Anarchism: China, Korea, Japan & India |publisher=Raforum.info |year=2005 |accessdate=28 Oktober 2011 |archive-date=2011-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930085300/http://raforum.info/article.php3?id_article=3225&lang=en |dead-url=yes }}
-*{{citation |last1=Bakshi |first1=S. R. |last2=Gajrani |first2=S. |last3=Singh |first3=Hari |title=Early Aryans to Swaraj |volume=10: Modern India |publisher=Sarup & Sons |location=New Delhi |year=2005 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7fXK3DiuJ5oC |isbn=9788176255370}}
+* {{citation |last1=Bakshi |first1=S. R. |last2=Gajrani |first2=S. |last3=Singh |first3=Hari |title=Early Aryans to Swaraj |volume=10: Modern India |publisher=Sarup & Sons |location=New Delhi |year=2005 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7fXK3DiuJ5oC |isbn=9788176255370 }}
-*{{citation |last=Bakshi |first=S. R. |year=1988 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7_rWWDEgIQMC
+* {{citation |last=Bakshi |first=S. R. |year=1988 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7_rWWDEgIQMC |title=Revolutionaries and the British Raj |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-81-288-0816-6 }}
+* {{citation |title=Yashpal: Fighter for Freedom -- Writer for Justice |first=Corinne |last=Friend |journal=Journal of South Asian Literature |volume=13 |issue=1 |year=1977 |pages=65–90 |jstor=40873491}} {{subscription required}}
-|title=Revolutionaries and the British Raj |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-81-288-0816-6}}
+* {{citation |last=Gaur |first=Ishwar Dayal |year=2008 |title=Martyr as Bridegroom: A Folk Representation of Bhagat Singh |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=PC4C3KcgCv0C |publisher=Anthem Press |isbn=978-81-905835-0-3 }}
-*{{citation |title=Yashpal: Fighter for Freedom -- Writer for Justice |first=Corinne |last=Friend |journal=Journal of South Asian Literature |volume=13 |issue=1 |year=1977 |pages=65–90 |jstor=40873491}} {{subscription required}}
+* {{citation |title=Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in India, 1897-1938 |first=Amit Kumar |last=Gupta |journal=Social Scientist |volume=25 |issue=9/10 |date=September–Oktober 1997 |year=1997 |pages=3–27 |jstor=3517678}} {{subscription required}}
-*{{citation |last=Gaur |first=Ishwar Dayal |year=2008 |title=Martyr as Bridegroom: A Folk Representation of Bhagat Singh |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=PC4C3KcgCv0C |publisher=Anthem Press |isbn=978-81-905835-0-3}}
+* {{citation |title=The Trial of Bhagat Singh |journal=India Law Journal |url=http://www.indialawjournal.com/volume1/issue_3/bhagat_singh.html |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=Juli–September 2008 |accessdate=11 Oktober 2011 |ref={{harvid|India Law Journal|2008}} |archive-date=2015-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001142717/http://indialawjournal.com/volume1/issue_3/bhagat_singh.html |dead-url=yes }}
-*{{citation |title=Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in India, 1897-1938 |first=Amit Kumar |last=Gupta |journal=Social Scientist |volume=25 |issue=9/10 |date=September–October 1997 |year=1997 |pages=3–27 |jstor=3517678}} {{subscription required}}
-*{{citation |title=The Trial of Bhagat Singh |journal=India Law Journal |url=http://www.indialawjournal.com/volume1/issue_3/bhagat_singh.html |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=July–September 2008 |accessdate=11 October 2011 |ref={{harvid|India Law Journal|2008}}}}
+* {{citation |authorlink=Chaman Lal |last=Lal |first=Chaman |title=April 8, 1929: A Day to Remember |date=11 April 2009 |url=http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article1283.html |work=Mainstream |accessdate=14 December 2011 }}
+* {{citation |title=The Congress and the Revolutionaries in the 1920s |first1=S. K. |last1=Mittal |first2=Irfan |last2=Habib |journal=Social Scientist |volume=10 |issue=6 |date=Juni 1982 |pages=20–37 |jstor=3517065}} {{subscription required}}
-*{{citation |authorlink=Chaman Lal |last=Lal |first=Chaman |title=April 8, 1929: A Day to Remember |date=11 April 2009 |url=http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article1283.html |work=Mainstream |accessdate=14 December 2011}}
+* {{citation |last=Nayar |first=Kuldip |authorlink=Kuldip Nayar |year=2000 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC |title=The Martyr Bhagat Singh: Experiments in Revolution |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-0700-3 }}
-*{{citation |title=The Congress and the Revolutionaries in the 1920s |first1=S. K. |last1=Mittal |first2=Irfan |last2=Habib |journal=Social Scientist |volume=10 |issue=6 |date=June 1982 |pages=20–37 |jstor=3517065}} {{subscription required}}
-*{{citation |last=Nayar |first=Kuldip |authorlink=Kuldip Nayar |year=2000 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC |title=The Martyr Bhagat Singh: Experiments in Revolution |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-0700-3}}
+* {{citation |last=Pinney |first=Christopher |year=2004 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=8hhXq7hpzSwC |title='Photos of the Gods': The Printed Image And Political Struggle In India |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=978-1-86189-184-6 }}
-*{{citation |last=Pinney |first=Christopher |year=2004 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=8hhXq7hpzSwC
+* {{citation |last=Rana |first=Bhawan Singh |year=2005a |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=PEwJQ6_eTEUC |title=Bhagat Singh |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd. |isbn=978-81-288-0827-2 }}
+* {{citation |last=Rana |first=Bhawan Singh |year=2005b |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sudu7qABntcC |title=Chandra Shekhar Azad (An Immortal Revolutionary of India) |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd. |isbn=978-81-288-0816-6 }}
-|title='Photos of the Gods': The Printed Image And Political Struggle In India |publisher=Reaktion Books
+* {{citation |last=Rao |first=Niraja |date=April 1997 |title=Bhagat Singh and the Revolutionary Movement |journal=Revolutionary Democracy |volume=3 |issue=1 |accessdate=18 November 2011 |url=http://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/rdv3n1/bsingh.htm }}
-|isbn=978-1-86189-184-6}}
-*{{citation |last=Rana |first=Bhawan Singh |year=2005a |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=PEwJQ6_eTEUC |title=Bhagat Singh |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd. |isbn=978-81-288-0827-2}}
+* {{citation |editor4-last=Singh |editor4-first=Babar |editor3-last=Singh |editor3-first=Bhagat |editor2-last=Yadav |editor2-first=Kripal Chandra |editor1-last=Sanyal |editor1-first=Jatinder Nath |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=B7zHp7ryy_cC |title=Bhagat Singh: a biography |publisher=Pinnacle Technology |isbn=978-81-7871-059-4 |year=2006 |accessdate=2014-12-19 |archive-date=2014-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628074343/http://books.google.com/books?id=B7zHp7ryy_cC |dead-url=yes }}
-*{{citation |last=Rana |first=Bhawan Singh |year=2005b |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sudu7qABntcC
+* {{citation |last=Sindhu |first=Veerendra |year=2009 |title=Yugdrashta Bhagat Singh |publisher=Rajpal and Sons}} {{hi icon}}
+* {{citation |last2=Hooja |first2=Bhupendra |last1=Singh |first1=Bhagat |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEC |title=The Jail Notebook and Other Writings |publisher=LeftWord Books |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-87496-72-4 }}
-|title=Chandra Shekhar Azad (An Immortal Revolutionary of India) |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd.
+* {{citation |title=Review article |journal=Journal of Punjab Studies |date=Fall 2007 |first=Pritam |last=Singh |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=297–326 |accessdate=8 October 2013 |url=http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journal_14_2/review_article.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001140644/http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journal_14_2/review_article.pdf |dead-url=yes }}
-|isbn=978-81-288-0816-6}}
+* {{citation |last2=Singh |first2=Trilochan |last1=Singh |first1=Randhir |authorlink1=Randhir Singh (Sikh)
-*{{citation |last=Rao |first=Niraja |date=April 1997 |title=Bhagat Singh and the Revolutionary Movement |journal=Revolutionary Democracy |volume=3 |issue=1 |accessdate=18 November 2011|url=http://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/rdv3n1/bsingh.htm}}
-*{{citation|editor4-last=Singh |editor4-first=Babar |editor3-last=Singh |editor3-first=Bhagat |editor2-last=Yadav |editor2-first=Kripal Chandra |editor1-last=Sanyal |editor1-first=Jatinder Nath |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=B7zHp7ryy_cC |title=Bhagat Singh: a biography |publisher=Pinnacle Technology |isbn=978-81-7871-059-4 |year=2006}}
-*{{citation |last=Sindhu |first=Veerendra |year=2009 |title=Yugdrashta Bhagat Singh |publisher=Rajpal and Sons}} {{hi icon}}
-*{{citation |last2=Hooja |first2=Bhupendra |last1=Singh |first1=Bhagat |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEC |title=The Jail Notebook and Other Writings |publisher=LeftWord Books |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-87496-72-4}}
-*{{citation |title=Review article |journal=Journal of Punjab Studies |date=Fall 2007 |first=Pritam |last=Singh |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=297–326|accessdate=8 October 2013|url=http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journal_14_2/review_article.pdf}}
-*{{citation |last2=Singh |first2=Trilochan |last1=Singh |first1=Randhir |authorlink1=Randhir Singh (Sikh)
 |title=Autobiography of Bhai Sahib Randhir Singh: freedom fighter, reformer, theologian, saint and hero of Lahore conspiracy case, first prisoner of Gurdwara reform movement |publisher=Bhai Sahib Randhir Singh Trust |year=1993}}
-*{{citation |title=Historical Analysis: Of means and ends |journal=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |date=14–27 April 2001 |first=Paresh R. |last=Vaidya |volume=18 |issue=8|url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1808/18080910.htm |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070829191713/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1808/18080910.htm |archivedate=29 August 2007 |accessdate=9 October 2013}}
+* {{citation |title=Historical Analysis: Of means and ends |journal=[[Frontline (majalah)|Frontline]] |date=14–27 April 2001 |first=Paresh R. |last=Vaidya |volume=18 |issue=8 |url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1808/18080910.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829191713/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1808/18080910.htm |archivedate=2007-08-29 |accessdate=9 Oktober 2013 |dead-url=no }}
 {{refend}}
-==Bacaan tambahan==
+== Bacaan tambahan ==
 * {{Cite book|last=Sanyal|first=Jatinder|year=1931|title=Sardar Bhagat Singh (Online text)|url=http://www.shahidbhagatsingh.org/index.asp?linkid=34}}
-*{{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Vishwanath |year=2008 |title=Gandhi and Bhagat Singh |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=wvHNPQAACAAJ |publisher=Rupa & Co. |isbn=978-81-291-1367-2}}
+* {{Cite book|last=Datta|first=Vishwanath|year=2008|title=Gandhi and Bhagat Singh|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=wvHNPQAACAAJ|publisher=Rupa & Co.|isbn=978-81-291-1367-2}}{{Pranala mati|date=Juni 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
-*{{Cite book|last2=Singh|first2=Bhagat|last1=Habib|first1=Irfan S.|authorlink1=Irfan Habib|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JoIMAQAAMAAJ|year=2007|title=To make the deaf hear: ideology and programme of Bhagat Singh and his comrades|publisher=Three Essays Collective
+* {{Cite book|last2=Singh|first2=Bhagat|last1=Habib|first1=Irfan S.|authorlink1=Irfan Habib|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JoIMAQAAMAAJ|year=2007|title=To make the deaf hear: ideology and programme of Bhagat Singh and his comrades|publisher=Three Essays Collective
 |isbn=978-81-88789-56-6}}
-==Pranala luar==
+== Pranala luar ==
 {{Commons category}}
 {{Wikisource author}}
 {{Wikiquote}}
-*[http://www.shahidbhagatsingh.org/ Biografi Bhagat Singh, dan surat-surat yang ditulis oleh Bhagat Singh]
+* [http://www.shahidbhagatsingh.org/ Biografi Bhagat Singh, dan surat-surat yang ditulis oleh Bhagat Singh]
-*[http://www.saadigitalarchive.org/entity/bhagat-singh Bhagat Singh materials at the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)]
+* [http://www.saadigitalarchive.org/entity/bhagat-singh Bhagat Singh materials at the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)]
-*[http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?208908 His Violence Wasn't Just About Killing], ''[[Outlook (magazine)|Outlook]]''
+* [http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?208908 His Violence Wasn't Just About Killing], ''[[Outlook (magazine)|Outlook]]''
-*[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020918/edit.htm#5 Missed target of Bhagat Singh], ''[[Tribune India|The Tribune]]''
+* [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020918/edit.htm#5 Missed target of Bhagat Singh], ''[[Tribune India|The Tribune]]''
-*[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110508/edit.htm#1 The indomitable courage and sacrifice of Bhagat Singh and his comrades will continue to inspire people], ''[[Tribune India|The Tribune]]''
+* [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110508/edit.htm#1 The indomitable courage and sacrifice of Bhagat Singh and his comrades will continue to inspire people], ''[[Tribune India|The Tribune]]''
-*[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051211/spectrum/main1.htm Was Bhagat Singh shot dead?], ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]''
+* [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051211/spectrum/main1.htm Was Bhagat Singh shot dead?], ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]''
 {{gerakan kemerdekaan India}}
-{{Authority control|VIAF=95329648}}
+{{Authority control}}
-<!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->
-{{Persondata
-| NAME              =Singh, Bhagat
-| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
-| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Aktivis Kebebasan India
-| DATE OF BIRTH     =28 September 1907
-| PLACE OF BIRTH    =[[Faisalabad|Lyallpur]], [[wilayah Punjab|Punjab]], [[India Britania]]
-| DATE OF DEATH     =23 Maret 1931
-| PLACE OF DEATH    =[[Lahore]], [[wilayah Punjab|Punjab]], [[India Britania]]
-}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Bhagat}}
-[[Category:Kelahiran 1907]]
+[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1907]]
-[[Category:Kematian 1931]]
+[[Kategori:Kematian 1931]]

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